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Socio-political mechanisms of the formation of the civil identity of the young generation of russians 俄罗斯青年一代公民身份形成的社会政治机制
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.20323/2658-428x-2021-2-11-5-17
Tatyana V. Bugaychuk
The author of the article argues for the need to build a civil society based on the formation and development of the young generation of russians as a subject of sociocultural transformations or transformations of such a phenomenon of self-consciousness as civil identity. The article notes that modern conditions against the background of political modernization require active civic participation of every person, especially young people, so socio-economic reforms in Russia should be accompanied by activities to develop and form the civic identity of the younger generation, which will create a new type of interaction between society and government: close cooperation, real and constructive influence of the population on management decisions at all levels of government. The main method of forming a civil identity is to build a holistic phenomenological system (model) and determine effective socio-political mechanisms of action, only then will the result be tangible. Such mechanisms include the understanding of civil identity as a systemic phenomenon, which includes both the system of values of the individual and the political system in the development of the nation and civil society; the creation of an adequate state-public system of socialization and politicization of the younger generation; creation of a system of training qualified personnel ready for the effective formation of civil identity among the country's young generation; formation of all components of civil identity – cognitive, motivational and activity-based; use of the national experience of a multinational state, historical, cultural, social, political, economic and confessional characteristics of Russia; system integration of all subjects of civil society development in the country and interaction of all participants in the process of developing civil identity; introduction of a strategic concept for the formation of civil identity, focused on a systematic understanding of the laws of this political phenomenon and the possibilities of its change.
文章的作者认为,有必要在俄罗斯青年一代作为社会文化转型主体的形成和发展的基础上,或者在公民身份这种自我意识现象的转变的基础上,建立一个公民社会。文章指出,政治现代化背景下的现代条件要求每个人,特别是年轻人的积极公民参与,因此俄罗斯的社会经济改革应该伴随着发展和形成年轻一代公民认同的活动,这将创造一种新型的社会与政府互动:密切合作,人民对各级政府的管理决策产生切实和建设性的影响。公民认同形成的主要方法是构建整体现象学系统(模式),确定有效的社会政治作用机制,结果才会有形。这些机制包括将公民认同理解为一种系统现象,它既包括个人的价值体系,也包括国家和公民社会发展中的政治体系;建立一个适当的国家-公共系统的社会化和政治化的年轻一代;建立一个培训合格人员的制度,以便在该国年轻一代中有效地形成公民身份;公民认同各组成部分的形成——认知、动机和活动基础;利用多民族国家的民族经验,俄罗斯的历史、文化、社会、政治、经济和宗教特点;国家公民社会发展各主体的系统整合和公民认同发展过程中各参与者的互动;介绍了公民认同形成的战略概念,重点是系统地了解这一政治现象的规律及其变化的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Regional inequality in the socio-economic development of Russia 俄罗斯社会经济发展中的地区不平等
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.20323/2658-428x-2021-4-13-61-84
Ludmila G. Batrakova
The topic of regional inequality in socio-economic development is becoming more relevant every year. Ensuring the uniform development of the Russian regions is complicated by the high degree of heterogeneity of the country's economic space, which is expressed in socio-economic inequality between the regions. Currently, there is a differentiation of the subjects of the Russian Federation by the sectoral structure of GRP, by the level and quality of life of the population, etc., there are imbalances in budget security. This leads to a decrease in the attractiveness and competitiveness of the regions and generally weakens the national economy. According to the World Bank, Russia ranks 3rd in the world in terms of regional inequality. Government documents indicate that the state's goal is to reduce the differentiation of socio-economic development in regions with a reduced standard of living by 2022. The spatial development of most economic entities is characterized by significant differences. Economists point out that interregional asymmetryarises due to competitive advantages and features of the institutional environment. Reducing the inequality of regional development is possible if the standard of living in the depressed regions of the Russian Federation is increased. An important area for assessing the differentiation of regions is the development of a system of indicators that assess regional inequality. The assessment of the role of the region in the production of GRP can be obtained by calculating localization indicators and relative position indices, the dynamics, variation and depth of regional inequality are characterized by dispersion coefficients, as well as the differentiation of the population of regions by income, the analysis of the uniformity of the distribution of regions can be obtained from the analysis of income concentration indicators. In general, it can be noted that regional inequality in the socio-economic development of Russia tends to increase.
社会经济发展中的区域不平等问题每年都变得越来越重要。俄罗斯经济空间的高度异质性使确保俄罗斯各地区的统一发展变得复杂,这表现在各地区之间的社会经济不平等。目前,俄罗斯联邦的主体根据国民生产总值的部门结构、人口的生活水平和质量等等而有所区别,预算安全方面也存在不平衡。这导致地区的吸引力和竞争力下降,并普遍削弱了国民经济。根据世界银行的数据,俄罗斯在地区不平等方面排名世界第三。政府文件显示,国家的目标是到2022年减少生活水平较低地区的社会经济发展差异。大多数经济实体的空间发展存在显著差异。经济学家指出,区域间的不对称是由竞争优势和制度环境的特点造成的。如果提高俄罗斯联邦萧条地区的生活水平,就有可能减少区域发展的不平等。评估区域分化的一个重要领域是制定评估区域不平等的指标体系。通过计算局部性指标和相对位置指标,可以对区域在生产GRP中的作用进行评价;通过离散系数表征区域不平等的动态、变化和深度;通过收入集中度指标的分析,可以对区域分布的均匀性进行分析。总的来说,可以注意到俄罗斯社会经济发展中的地区不平等有增加的趋势。
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引用次数: 1
State policy of counteraction to terrorism in the Russian Federation: aspects of its implementation in educational organizations 俄罗斯联邦打击恐怖主义的国家政策:在教育组织中实施的各个方面
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.20323/2658-428x-2021-2-11-33-56
S. Talanov
The article presents the results of a sociological study that examined the regional features of the prevention of terrorism in educational institutions. As part of the study, a questionnaire and a series of in-depth interviews were conducted among students of leading universities in Yaroslavl, and a survey of positional experts (FSB, Ministry of internal affairs) was conducted. In addition, a secondary analysis of data from the judicial department of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, the Federal state statistics service of Russia, and the Prosecutor General's office of the Russian Federation was carried out. It is revealed that the law enforcement agencies in the city and the security system in universities, schools and kindergartens can effectively ensure security in Yaroslavl. The universities have a plan that defines the procedure for carrying out early and urgent evacuation. Video surveillance and round-the-clock video recording are constantly conducted, and access control is organized in the educational buildings. Periodically, there is a readiness check (there is a sound signal, etc.). It was found that the YAGPU curators (mentors) of the groups periodically talk about the prevention of terrorism, especially after the tragedy in Kazan. In particular, they explain what to do when taking buildings by terrorists, how to behave when taking people hostage, what to do if an explosion occurred, how to behave when blocked, the procedure for detecting suspicious objects in the building (territory), in addition, explain the signs that may indicate the presence of explosive devices. Students pointed out that a number of faculties employ teachers who at one time served in the internal troops of the Ministry of internal affairs of the Russian Federation and served in the criminal investigation department. Measures are proposed to improve the effectiveness of identifying, preventing and eliminating the causes of illegal entry into university facilities and their territories, localization and neutralization of the consequences.
本文介绍了一项社会学研究的结果,该研究考察了教育机构中预防恐怖主义的区域特征。作为研究的一部分,对雅罗斯拉夫尔顶尖大学的学生进行了问卷调查和一系列深度访谈,并对职位专家(FSB,内务部)进行了调查。此外,还对俄罗斯联邦最高法院司法部门、俄罗斯联邦国家统计局和俄罗斯联邦总检察长办公室的数据进行了二次分析。据透露,该市的执法机构和大学、学校和幼儿园的安全系统可以有效地确保雅罗斯拉夫尔的安全。各大学都有一个计划,规定了进行早期和紧急疏散的程序。在教育大楼内进行视频监控和24小时不间断录像,并组织门禁。定期进行准备检查(有声音信号等)。我们发现,这些团体的YAGPU策展人(导师)定期谈论预防恐怖主义,特别是在喀山悲剧之后。特别是,它们解释了当恐怖分子占领建筑物时该怎么做,当劫持人质时该怎么做,如果发生爆炸该怎么做,当被封锁时该怎么做,在建筑物(领土)内检测可疑物体的程序,此外,还解释可能表明存在爆炸装置的迹象。学生们指出,一些学院聘用的教师曾在俄罗斯联邦内务部内部部队服役,并曾在刑事调查司任职。提出了提高识别、预防和消除非法进入高校设施及其场所的原因,以及对其后果进行定位和中和的措施。
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引用次数: 0
Positive-functional potential of public organizations in the emerging network society (a conflictological aspect) 新兴网络社会中公共组织的积极功能潜力(一个冲突方面)
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.20323/2658-428x-2021-4-13-35-49
L. Nikovskaya
The article shows that in the context of the formation of a digitalnetwork society, the phenomenon of polysubject is growing, which leads to the transition to the model of public administration through communities based on the management dilemma “leadership-acceptance”, which limits the possibilities of the hierarchical-bureaucratic rule and turns out to be more effective. All these reasons are due to qualitative changes in the system of civil society: the sharply increasing emancipation of the individual from the state, the reduction of the space of direct command influence of the latter, the vigorous development and complication of horizontal social ties and the plexus of diverse civil institutions and movements into a holistic network. For public policy, the task of optimizing the interaction of the authorities and representatives of civil associations, strengthened by digital network capabilities that allow the formation of centers of social force through the consolidation of interest groups and public opinion, becomes important. The search for "consent zones," based on building and creating a balance of public interests, calls for conflictual diagnostic tools and the resolution of problematic points of interaction. A satisfactory and comprehensive solution to the problem requires a wide range of conflict actions - from negotiation and mediation, legislative initiatives and public hearings, expertise and monitoring, to lawsuits and proceedings, and sometimes acts of civil disobedience. All these actions require a conflictological competence, which accustoms representatives of the public sector to greater professionalism, culture of interaction with state bodies, providing a comprehensive diagnosis of the conflict situation and a wide range of technologies to influence its solution, and state representatives focus on recognizing alternative positions, respectful dialogue with the public and developing an appropriate legal framework for a long partnership with the nonprofit sector. These trends in the style of public policy have been demonstrated on the strategy of behavior of the women's public organization “Petersburg Egida” in solving the conflict situation related to non-payment of maternity funds for pregnant women, as well as for the care of young children.
文章认为,在数字网络社会形成的背景下,多元主体现象日益增多,导致了基于“领导-接受”管理困境的社区公共行政模式的过渡,限制了等级-官僚统治的可能性,更加有效。所有这些原因都是由于市民社会制度的质变:个人从国家中急剧解放出来,后者直接指挥影响的空间减少,横向社会关系的蓬勃发展和复杂化,各种公民机构和运动的丛丛形成了一个整体网络。对于公共政策而言,优化当局和民间团体代表之间的互动,并通过整合利益集团和舆论形成社会力量中心的数字网络能力得到加强,这一任务变得非常重要。在建立和创造公共利益平衡的基础上寻找“同意区”,需要有冲突的诊断工具和解决互动中的问题点。要圆满和全面地解决这一问题,就需要采取广泛的冲突行动- -从谈判和调解、立法倡议和公开听证、专门知识和监测,到诉讼和诉讼,有时还需要采取公民不服从的行动。所有这些行动都需要具备处理冲突的能力,这使公共部门的代表习惯于更强的专业精神、与国家机构互动的文化、对冲突局势作出全面诊断和掌握影响其解决办法的广泛技术,以及国家代表注重承认其他立场。与公众进行尊重的对话,并为与非营利部门的长期合作制定适当的法律框架。这些公共政策风格的趋势在妇女公共组织“彼得堡埃吉达”在解决与不支付孕妇孕产基金和照顾幼儿有关的冲突局势方面的行为战略中得到了体现。
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引用次数: 0
Reflexive value approach in education: research results and development prospects 教育中的反思性价值取向:研究成果与发展前景
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.20323/2658-428x-2022-4-17-80-94
I. Ivanova
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引用次数: 0
Destruction of basic traditional values as a threat to the national mentality 基本传统价值观的破坏是对民族心态的威胁
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.20323/2658-428x-2022-3-16-33-46
A. A. Kovalev
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引用次数: 0
Formation of professional subjective activity of future teachers in the field of upbringing 未来教师在培养领域的专业主观活动形成
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.20323/2658-428x-2022-2-15-139-151
Viktoriya V. Abramova, T. Romm
The increased attention of the state and society to education as an integral part of the educational process at all levels of education actualizes the problem of the readiness of future teachers to implement educational tasks. To determine the prospects of this activity, the provisions of the modern theory of education have a significant place, which is the methodological basis for considering the role and place of the teacher and his subjectivity in the process of preparing for educational activities. In order to achieve a high degree of readiness for professional activity, it is necessary to have a certain personal, intellectual and activity potential, which means that personal and professional changes are an integral attribute of the development of professionally significant personality traits that should be included in the logic of the organization of the process of professional education in the academic and extracurricular components. The success of the educational activity of a novice teacher in the future largely depends on the student's activity in professional self-development during the period of study at the university. The readiness of teachers for educational activities is largely determined by the formation of professional subjective activity of the individual. Professional subjective activity is considered as the activity of a personality that develops and implements its subjectivity in the space of professional activity. Its main characteristics are uniqueness, activity, independence, responsibility, authorship of one's own life and one's own history, value relations, the ability to master one's own behavior and generate one's own behavior. For their formation, it is necessary to create special conditions in a pedagogical university: the organization of horizontal and vertical subjectsubject interaction; development of the mentoring system; development of the institute's life activity as a professional educational organization that creates a space for the accumulation of individual professional style and operational repertoire for solving professional tasks.
国家和社会对教育作为各级教育过程的一个组成部分的日益重视,实现了未来教师准备好执行教育任务的问题。要决定这一活动的前景,现代教育理论的规定具有重要的地位,这是考虑教师在教育活动准备过程中的作用和地位及其主体性的方法论基础。为了达到对专业活动的高度准备,必须具有一定的个人、智力和活动潜力,这意味着个人和职业的变化是专业显著人格特征发展的一个整体属性,应该包括在学术和课外组成部分的专业教育过程的组织逻辑中。未来新教师教育活动的成功与否,很大程度上取决于学生在大学学习期间的专业自我发展活动。教师对教育活动的准备程度在很大程度上取决于个体的专业主观活动的形成。职业主观活动是指一个人的主体性在职业活动的空间中得到发展和实现的活动。它的主要特征是独特性、活动性、独立性、责任感、对自己的生活和自己的历史的自主性、价值关系、掌握自己行为和产生自己行为的能力。其形成需要在师范大学中创造特殊的条件:横向和纵向的主学科互动的组织;师徒制度的发展;发展学院作为专业教育机构的生活活动,为个人专业风格的积累和解决专业任务的操作技能创造空间。
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引用次数: 0
Development of spatial and economic organization of economic management in the regions of Russia 俄罗斯地区经济管理的空间和经济组织的发展
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.20323/2658-428x-2021-4-13-85-96
O. Bulavko, Kristina A. Koventseva
Currently, the development of the spatial and economic organization of economic management is due to the emerging opportunities for economic growth of the regions. The relevance of effective cluster policy is mainly related to the transition of the Russian economy to innovative development. An analysis of the main economic indicators of Russia's development in 2021 indicates the country's transition to economic growth, which is based on the development of territorial clusters that unite scientific and educational institutions, business, and authorities. According to the Russian Cluster Observatory of the National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, there are currently 26 innovative territorial clusters in Russia, as well as more than 125 industrial clusters, which employ more than 1000 companies with a total number of employees over a million people. The development of the cluster policy of the state was discussed in the works of A. V. Babkin, E. A. Golyashina, G. R. Khasaev, V. V. Chekmarev and others, the regional aspect of the cluster policy was analyzed by L. G. Batrakov, Yu. G. Lavrikov, L. S. Mokin and others, the issues of improving the complex based on the development of regional industrial clusters are reflected The goal of many studies was to develop a mechanism for cluster development, in particular on the basis of multichannel investment. Important problems of cluster policy development in the regions are: identification of factors of competitive advantages of regional clusters; increasing industrial production indices as a tool for effective cluster policies; Evaluation of effective cluster development; implementation of the “triple spiral” model in the regions.
目前,经济管理的空间和经济组织的发展是由于新兴的经济增长机会的区域。有效集群政策的相关性主要与俄罗斯经济向创新发展的转型有关。对俄罗斯2021年发展的主要经济指标的分析表明,该国正在向经济增长过渡,这是基于将科学和教育机构,企业和当局联合起来的领土集群的发展。根据国立研究型大学“高等经济学院”俄罗斯集群观察站的数据,目前俄罗斯有26个创新型领土集群,以及125多个产业集群,这些集群雇用了1000多家公司,员工总数超过100万人。A. V. Babkin、E. A. Golyashina、G. R. Khasaev、V. V. Chekmarev等人的著作讨论了国家集群政策的发展,L. G. Batrakov、Yu分析了集群政策的区域层面。G. Lavrikov, L. S. Mokin等人提出了基于区域产业集群发展的综合体改善问题。许多研究的目标是建立集群发展机制,特别是在多渠道投资的基础上。区域集群政策制定的重要问题是:区域集群竞争优势因素的识别;增加工业生产指数,作为制定有效集群政策的工具;集群有效发展评价;实施区域“三螺旋”模式。
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引用次数: 0
Political management for sustainable development of modern society 现代社会可持续发展的政治管理
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.20323/2658-428x-2022-3-16-5-19
L. Titova, Tatiyana S. Akopova
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引用次数: 0
The pedagogical accompaniment of the development of the senior pupil 's subjectivity 高中学生主体性发展的教学陪伴
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.20323/2658-428x-2022-1-14-123-140
T. N. Gushchina, O. Selivanova
The article contains an analysis of domestic and foreign studies of the modern education paradigm, in the context of which the activity of the student is a priority. In connection with the formation of a student's own activity, the problem arises of changing the nature of pedagogical activity: from formation and support to accompaniment. As the analysis of studies in Russia and abroad has shown, that the problem is topical and little studied. The article reveals the content and stages of the author's technologies of pedagogical accompaniment developed and tested in seven regions of Russia for the development of the senior pupil's subjectivity. The purpose of the article is to characterize the essence and justify the effectiveness of the presented technologies in the educational process of general education and additional education of children. The methodological basis for the study was the idea of an existential approach, that upholds the subjective orientation of human; an environmental approach, that reveals the possibilities of using the environment in the personal development of students; a reflexive-environmental approach, developed by the authors of the article on the basis of the idea of interaction between the subject and the environment, based on the actualization of the processes of reflection; a technological approach, representing the technology as a scientifically and practically justified system of optimizing activity. The main results of the research consist in the disclosure of the essence and implementation of the analysis of the effectiveness of pedagogical accompaniment in the development of subjectivity of higher school age students, as well as in understanding the domestic and foreign experience in implementing the modern subjective education paradigm and identifying similar problems. The article proves, that the technologies of pedagogical accompaniment in the development of the senior pupil's subjectivity are effective and can be used in formal and informal education. The approbation results of the pedagogical accompaniment technologies of the development of the senior pupil's subjectivity presented in the article contribute to the development of such subjective qualities as social responsibility, independence, freedom of will.
本文对现代教育范式的国内外研究进行了分析,在此背景下,学生的活动是优先考虑的。在学生自身活动的形成方面,出现了改变教学活动性质的问题:从形成和支持到陪伴。正如对俄罗斯和国外研究的分析所表明的那样,这个问题是局部的,研究很少。本文揭示了作者在俄罗斯七个地区开发和试验的促进高年级学生主体性发展的教学伴奏技术的内容和阶段。本文的目的是表征的本质和证明目前的技术在儿童的普通教育和附加教育的教育过程中的有效性。本研究的方法论基础是存在主义取向,坚持人的主观取向;一种环境方法,揭示了在学生个人发展中利用环境的可能性;本文作者基于主体与环境相互作用的思想,基于反思过程的实现化,提出了一种反思-环境方法;一种技术方法,将技术表现为一种科学的、实际合理的优化活动系统。研究的主要成果包括:揭示了教学陪伴在高龄期学生主体性发展中的本质和实施效果;了解了国内外在实施现代主体性教育范式方面的经验,发现了类似的问题。本文论证了教学陪伴技术在高中学生主体性发展中的有效性,可以应用于正规和非正规教育中。本文对高中学生主体性发展的教学伴奏技术的认可结果,有助于高中学生社会责任感、独立性、意志自由等主体性素质的培养。
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引用次数: 1
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Social And Political Researches
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