The authors describe a theoretical and practical approach to designing learning products (documentation and training) for software. They discuss various theories of how people acquire new cognitive skills, as well as instructional design principles. Hewlett-Packard's Printed Circuit Design System serves as an example of how a user learning model and an overall learning products strategy were developed. The authors categorize learning activity into a hierarchy of behaviors, with learning at each level building on previous learning. They propose a package of learning products to address the different needs of the novice and the expert.<>
{"title":"Developing the user learning model: how do novices become experts?","authors":"Mark Moore, G. Vanderlinden","doi":"10.1109/IPCC.1988.24053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPCC.1988.24053","url":null,"abstract":"The authors describe a theoretical and practical approach to designing learning products (documentation and training) for software. They discuss various theories of how people acquire new cognitive skills, as well as instructional design principles. Hewlett-Packard's Printed Circuit Design System serves as an example of how a user learning model and an overall learning products strategy were developed. The authors categorize learning activity into a hierarchy of behaviors, with learning at each level building on previous learning. They propose a package of learning products to address the different needs of the novice and the expert.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":374472,"journal":{"name":"IPCC '88 Conference Record 'On the Edge: A Pacific Rim Conference on Professional Technical Communication'.","volume":"607 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123319407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors describe how Tec-Ed designed a reference documentation usability test for the Xerox VP Series Reference Library, trained test subjects, conducted the test, and evaluated the results. This usability test experience led to two conclusions about the requirements for designing tests of reference documentation usability. First, because reference documentation is designed for information access, a usability test of such documentation needs to take into account its reference aspects. Second, usability testing of reference documentation may mean delaying the test process until very near the end of the documentation development cycle. Analysis of the test results should be speedy and should provide two kinds of recommendations: short-term recommendations, which documentation specialists can implement before the impending documentation release; and long-term results, which documentation specialists can use to plan future editions of the documentation.<>
{"title":"Design requirements for reference documentation usability testing","authors":"S. Rosenbaum, R. D. Walters","doi":"10.1109/IPCC.1988.24020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPCC.1988.24020","url":null,"abstract":"The authors describe how Tec-Ed designed a reference documentation usability test for the Xerox VP Series Reference Library, trained test subjects, conducted the test, and evaluated the results. This usability test experience led to two conclusions about the requirements for designing tests of reference documentation usability. First, because reference documentation is designed for information access, a usability test of such documentation needs to take into account its reference aspects. Second, usability testing of reference documentation may mean delaying the test process until very near the end of the documentation development cycle. Analysis of the test results should be speedy and should provide two kinds of recommendations: short-term recommendations, which documentation specialists can implement before the impending documentation release; and long-term results, which documentation specialists can use to plan future editions of the documentation.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":374472,"journal":{"name":"IPCC '88 Conference Record 'On the Edge: A Pacific Rim Conference on Professional Technical Communication'.","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122753899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors present a practical definition and taxonomy of technical writing. The taxonomy allows actual referents to differentiate technical, business, and scientific writing. The author also describes a structured exercise than can be used with students or professionals to demonstrate tangibly the attributes that segregate technical writing from the other writing classifications.<>
{"title":"A definition and illustrated taxonomy of technical writing","authors":"T. Montgomery","doi":"10.1109/IPCC.1988.24018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPCC.1988.24018","url":null,"abstract":"The authors present a practical definition and taxonomy of technical writing. The taxonomy allows actual referents to differentiate technical, business, and scientific writing. The author also describes a structured exercise than can be used with students or professionals to demonstrate tangibly the attributes that segregate technical writing from the other writing classifications.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":374472,"journal":{"name":"IPCC '88 Conference Record 'On the Edge: A Pacific Rim Conference on Professional Technical Communication'.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130234535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author emphasizes that it is now necessary for a speaker to use visual aids, in addition to conventional auditory presentation tools, to get his message across to the 'new' technical audience. It is concluded that, by understanding the basics of human sensory reception, interactive imagery, and human memory, speakers can develop presentations that overcome the obstacles of language, cultural, and technological barriers. Visual aids are essential for the interactive imagery necessary to catalogue and dross-reference new data into long-term memory that ensures retrievability. Interactive imagery enhances recall and provides practically perfect visualization.<>
{"title":"Visualization breaks the sound barriers","authors":"N. Corbin","doi":"10.1109/IPCC.1988.24036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPCC.1988.24036","url":null,"abstract":"The author emphasizes that it is now necessary for a speaker to use visual aids, in addition to conventional auditory presentation tools, to get his message across to the 'new' technical audience. It is concluded that, by understanding the basics of human sensory reception, interactive imagery, and human memory, speakers can develop presentations that overcome the obstacles of language, cultural, and technological barriers. Visual aids are essential for the interactive imagery necessary to catalogue and dross-reference new data into long-term memory that ensures retrievability. Interactive imagery enhances recall and provides practically perfect visualization.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":374472,"journal":{"name":"IPCC '88 Conference Record 'On the Edge: A Pacific Rim Conference on Professional Technical Communication'.","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124506081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Working concepts for cross-cultural technical communication are described. The purpose of these working concepts is to provide a foundation for creating an effective methodology for this type of communication. Cross-cultural technical communication is characterized by type, i.e. verbal or written, and applications, e.g. international sales or technology transfer. A strategy is presented that provides guidelines for managing a project involving cross-cultural technical communication and for identifying relevant criteria for successful communication.<>
{"title":"Cross-cultural technical communications: working concepts","authors":"D. Houghton-Alico","doi":"10.1109/IPCC.1988.24007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPCC.1988.24007","url":null,"abstract":"Working concepts for cross-cultural technical communication are described. The purpose of these working concepts is to provide a foundation for creating an effective methodology for this type of communication. Cross-cultural technical communication is characterized by type, i.e. verbal or written, and applications, e.g. international sales or technology transfer. A strategy is presented that provides guidelines for managing a project involving cross-cultural technical communication and for identifying relevant criteria for successful communication.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":374472,"journal":{"name":"IPCC '88 Conference Record 'On the Edge: A Pacific Rim Conference on Professional Technical Communication'.","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121618432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author examines the current status and future direction of technical communication in the People's Republic of China. First, he describes the limited degree to which technical communication is now incorporated into university curricula. Second, he suggests that increased China/US business associations will require more emphasis on the teaching of technical communication in China. Third, he describes the approach he took to teaching a technical communication short course at North China University of Technology in spring 1988.<>
{"title":"Some observations on technical communication in China","authors":"W. Pfeiffer","doi":"10.1109/IPCC.1988.24043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPCC.1988.24043","url":null,"abstract":"The author examines the current status and future direction of technical communication in the People's Republic of China. First, he describes the limited degree to which technical communication is now incorporated into university curricula. Second, he suggests that increased China/US business associations will require more emphasis on the teaching of technical communication in China. Third, he describes the approach he took to teaching a technical communication short course at North China University of Technology in spring 1988.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":374472,"journal":{"name":"IPCC '88 Conference Record 'On the Edge: A Pacific Rim Conference on Professional Technical Communication'.","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121801691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author describes some of her experiences in developing online information that is integrated with a software product. She discusses (1) the definition of the product's user interface by the information developer's, (2) the development of windowed and field-sensitive help for a mainframe product, and (3) the prototyping of online help with the product's user interface. She concludes that her experiences indicate how development of online information can be more fully integrated with the development of the entire software product and result in a more usable product.<>
{"title":"Integrating online information with software products","authors":"A. Chiang","doi":"10.1109/IPCC.1988.24013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPCC.1988.24013","url":null,"abstract":"The author describes some of her experiences in developing online information that is integrated with a software product. She discusses (1) the definition of the product's user interface by the information developer's, (2) the development of windowed and field-sensitive help for a mainframe product, and (3) the prototyping of online help with the product's user interface. She concludes that her experiences indicate how development of online information can be more fully integrated with the development of the entire software product and result in a more usable product.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":374472,"journal":{"name":"IPCC '88 Conference Record 'On the Edge: A Pacific Rim Conference on Professional Technical Communication'.","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121289644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A matrix approach is developed to assess the adequacy of information support and plan coordinated maintenance of documents in a mixed computing environment. The information support matrix (ISM) consists of a list of products and services on one axis and of types of information sources on the other axis. Each cell represents an opportunity for providing information on a specific topic by a specific means. The use of the ISM is described, and an example of an ISM for statistics software is presented.<>
{"title":"Coordinating multi-media information support of a complex computing environment","authors":"R. Ells","doi":"10.1109/IPCC.1988.24038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPCC.1988.24038","url":null,"abstract":"A matrix approach is developed to assess the adequacy of information support and plan coordinated maintenance of documents in a mixed computing environment. The information support matrix (ISM) consists of a list of products and services on one axis and of types of information sources on the other axis. Each cell represents an opportunity for providing information on a specific topic by a specific means. The use of the ISM is described, and an example of an ISM for statistics software is presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":374472,"journal":{"name":"IPCC '88 Conference Record 'On the Edge: A Pacific Rim Conference on Professional Technical Communication'.","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130728672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author describes both general and specific procedures, problems, and solutions to the conversion of a database management system from RAMSIS to FOCUS. Most of the lessons learned are applicable to any conversion, and some are even applicable to an initial development program. The following aspects of this work are discussed: defining the new requirements, the makeup of the conversion team estimating the job, and monitoring and testing the conversion.<>
{"title":"Problem and opportunity-converting from one fourth generation language to another","authors":"J. Haness","doi":"10.1109/IPCC.1988.24032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPCC.1988.24032","url":null,"abstract":"The author describes both general and specific procedures, problems, and solutions to the conversion of a database management system from RAMSIS to FOCUS. Most of the lessons learned are applicable to any conversion, and some are even applicable to an initial development program. The following aspects of this work are discussed: defining the new requirements, the makeup of the conversion team estimating the job, and monitoring and testing the conversion.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":374472,"journal":{"name":"IPCC '88 Conference Record 'On the Edge: A Pacific Rim Conference on Professional Technical Communication'.","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131667539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author notes that in the last few years there has been much talk about the changing role of the technical communicator from writer to information developer: a user advocate who is involved early enough in the planning phase to help create more usable products and information instead of merely reporting about them. She suggests meaningful ways that information developers can contribute during early phases of the software development process and describes, from her recent experiences, the ways that this changing role affects the process itself. She also describes the support necessary from management to make early involvement possible.<>
{"title":"Getting involved early in the software development process","authors":"L. Fisher","doi":"10.1109/IPCC.1988.24011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPCC.1988.24011","url":null,"abstract":"The author notes that in the last few years there has been much talk about the changing role of the technical communicator from writer to information developer: a user advocate who is involved early enough in the planning phase to help create more usable products and information instead of merely reporting about them. She suggests meaningful ways that information developers can contribute during early phases of the software development process and describes, from her recent experiences, the ways that this changing role affects the process itself. She also describes the support necessary from management to make early involvement possible.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":374472,"journal":{"name":"IPCC '88 Conference Record 'On the Edge: A Pacific Rim Conference on Professional Technical Communication'.","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121349559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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