Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSENST.2013.6727653
A. Heidary, R. Taherkhani, S. Nihtianov
We report the noise analysis of a capacitor to voltage converter (CVC) with a zoom-in concept, used as a first stage in capacitive sensor interfaces for measuring very small capacitance variations. We will show that the zoom-in concept introduced in the first stage can not only relax the resolution requirement of the following stages, i.e. an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), but it can also increase the resolution of the capacitor to voltage converter itself. It will be also proven that, for a given measurement time, the resolution of the input stage of the CVC is independent of the load capacitor. This is true both with and without zoom-in technique. This finding can make the design of the complete system more flexible. We will show that such a system is very efficient for high resolution displacement measurement, based on a capacitive sensor system.
{"title":"Noise analysis of a capacitor-to-voltage converter with a zoom-in technique","authors":"A. Heidary, R. Taherkhani, S. Nihtianov","doi":"10.1109/ICSENST.2013.6727653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENST.2013.6727653","url":null,"abstract":"We report the noise analysis of a capacitor to voltage converter (CVC) with a zoom-in concept, used as a first stage in capacitive sensor interfaces for measuring very small capacitance variations. We will show that the zoom-in concept introduced in the first stage can not only relax the resolution requirement of the following stages, i.e. an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), but it can also increase the resolution of the capacitor to voltage converter itself. It will be also proven that, for a given measurement time, the resolution of the input stage of the CVC is independent of the load capacitor. This is true both with and without zoom-in technique. This finding can make the design of the complete system more flexible. We will show that such a system is very efficient for high resolution displacement measurement, based on a capacitive sensor system.","PeriodicalId":374655,"journal":{"name":"2013 Seventh International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127650118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSENST.2013.6727713
H. Pauer, C. Ledermann, O. Weede, H. Woern
3D shape sensing of flexible snakelike instruments using fiber Bragg gratings is a current research topic in robot assisted single port surgery (SPS). Though some results are achieved, a practical implementation that can be applied for instruments in SPS has not yet been particularly described. The specific instruments have special technical properties as e.g. they allow very small bending radii. In this work, approaches for the building process of a shape sensor that meets the special technical requirements of these instruments are pursued and evaluated. The theoretical foundations and calculation methods are adapted to the built shape sensor. The overall goal is to develop a building process for a miniaturized shape sensor that can be integrated into medical instruments. A first macro sized shape sensor has been successfully produced, but the miniaturization causes serious difficulties. In this work experiences with the fiber handling and occurring problems in production are described in detail. In summary, the realization of a shape sensor has already proven to be technically feasible but for miniaturization, further research concerning the used materials and the practical fiber handling is necessary.
{"title":"Towards building a miniaturized shape sensor: Building process of a shape sensor for use in single port surgery","authors":"H. Pauer, C. Ledermann, O. Weede, H. Woern","doi":"10.1109/ICSENST.2013.6727713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENST.2013.6727713","url":null,"abstract":"3D shape sensing of flexible snakelike instruments using fiber Bragg gratings is a current research topic in robot assisted single port surgery (SPS). Though some results are achieved, a practical implementation that can be applied for instruments in SPS has not yet been particularly described. The specific instruments have special technical properties as e.g. they allow very small bending radii. In this work, approaches for the building process of a shape sensor that meets the special technical requirements of these instruments are pursued and evaluated. The theoretical foundations and calculation methods are adapted to the built shape sensor. The overall goal is to develop a building process for a miniaturized shape sensor that can be integrated into medical instruments. A first macro sized shape sensor has been successfully produced, but the miniaturization causes serious difficulties. In this work experiences with the fiber handling and occurring problems in production are described in detail. In summary, the realization of a shape sensor has already proven to be technically feasible but for miniaturization, further research concerning the used materials and the practical fiber handling is necessary.","PeriodicalId":374655,"journal":{"name":"2013 Seventh International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129376611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSENST.2013.6727778
Baya Hadid, R. Ouvrard, L. Brusquet, T. Poinot, E. Etien, F. Sicard
This paper deals with the modeling of the gas flow supplied to a boiler in order to implement a soft sensor. This study is a part of ANR CHIC project which has an aim to minimize the measuring chain cost in the energy efficiency improvement programs. This implementation requires the estimation of a mathematical model that expresses the flow rate from the control signal of the solenoid valve and the gas pressure and temperature measurements. Two types of models are studied : LPV (Linear Parameter Varying) model with pressure and temperature as scheduling variables and a non-parametric model based on Gaussian processes.
{"title":"Modeling for gas flow measurement consumed by a boiler. Towards a low-cost sensor for energy efficiency","authors":"Baya Hadid, R. Ouvrard, L. Brusquet, T. Poinot, E. Etien, F. Sicard","doi":"10.1109/ICSENST.2013.6727778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENST.2013.6727778","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the modeling of the gas flow supplied to a boiler in order to implement a soft sensor. This study is a part of ANR CHIC project which has an aim to minimize the measuring chain cost in the energy efficiency improvement programs. This implementation requires the estimation of a mathematical model that expresses the flow rate from the control signal of the solenoid valve and the gas pressure and temperature measurements. Two types of models are studied : LPV (Linear Parameter Varying) model with pressure and temperature as scheduling variables and a non-parametric model based on Gaussian processes.","PeriodicalId":374655,"journal":{"name":"2013 Seventh International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST)","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128610251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSENST.2013.6727704
Hans-Peter Brückner, Christian Spindeldreier, H. Blume
Energy efficiency is a major design goal for mobile and wearable devices. These kind of devices most often comprise System-on-Chip processor cores and further hardware accelerators. A novel heterogeneous hardware architecture introduced by various FPGA manufacturers consists of a programmable FPGA like structure and a common RISC processor core. For system designers this commercial architecture enables enhanced flexibility in partitioning of algorithmic tasks. The hardware demonstrator for auditory feedback of movements (sonification) captured by multiple inertial measurement units proposed in this paper bases on a heterogeneous Xilinx Zynq System-on-Chip processing core and a custom hardware accelerator. Energy efficiency is enhanced by utilizing the hardware accelerator for orientation estimation based on a Kalman filter algorithm. The evaluation furthermore explores the usability of High Level Synthesis tools based on a fixed-point software implementation. Moreover, the area and power consumption of hardware accelerator ASIC implementations based on a 40 nm TSMC library are evaluated.
{"title":"Energy-efficient inertial sensor fusion on heterogeneous FPGA-fabric/RISC System on Chip","authors":"Hans-Peter Brückner, Christian Spindeldreier, H. Blume","doi":"10.1109/ICSENST.2013.6727704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENST.2013.6727704","url":null,"abstract":"Energy efficiency is a major design goal for mobile and wearable devices. These kind of devices most often comprise System-on-Chip processor cores and further hardware accelerators. A novel heterogeneous hardware architecture introduced by various FPGA manufacturers consists of a programmable FPGA like structure and a common RISC processor core. For system designers this commercial architecture enables enhanced flexibility in partitioning of algorithmic tasks. The hardware demonstrator for auditory feedback of movements (sonification) captured by multiple inertial measurement units proposed in this paper bases on a heterogeneous Xilinx Zynq System-on-Chip processing core and a custom hardware accelerator. Energy efficiency is enhanced by utilizing the hardware accelerator for orientation estimation based on a Kalman filter algorithm. The evaluation furthermore explores the usability of High Level Synthesis tools based on a fixed-point software implementation. Moreover, the area and power consumption of hardware accelerator ASIC implementations based on a 40 nm TSMC library are evaluated.","PeriodicalId":374655,"journal":{"name":"2013 Seventh International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST)","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116969602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSENST.2013.6727779
G. M. Soares, A. G. B. Almeida, R. M. Mendes, E. C. Teixeira, H. Braga, M. N. Machado, R. S. Broetto, M. V. H. B. Castro, H. O. G. Filho, F. M. Varejão, J. G. P. Filho, A. B. Candeia, R. A. A. Sousa
This paper introduces a computational methodology developed to extract information about public lighting points. The objective is to give electricity companies exact information about the actual luminaries and bulbs installed on the lighting poles, thus minimizing commercial losses. The developed electronic system, that incorporates hardware and software elements, is discussed, as well as a theoretical background concerning spectrum signature detection and the computational intelligence employed to classify lamp classes and wattages. First experimental results obtained from the devised system are presented.
{"title":"Detection of street lighting bulbs information to minimize commercial losses","authors":"G. M. Soares, A. G. B. Almeida, R. M. Mendes, E. C. Teixeira, H. Braga, M. N. Machado, R. S. Broetto, M. V. H. B. Castro, H. O. G. Filho, F. M. Varejão, J. G. P. Filho, A. B. Candeia, R. A. A. Sousa","doi":"10.1109/ICSENST.2013.6727779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENST.2013.6727779","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a computational methodology developed to extract information about public lighting points. The objective is to give electricity companies exact information about the actual luminaries and bulbs installed on the lighting poles, thus minimizing commercial losses. The developed electronic system, that incorporates hardware and software elements, is discussed, as well as a theoretical background concerning spectrum signature detection and the computational intelligence employed to classify lamp classes and wattages. First experimental results obtained from the devised system are presented.","PeriodicalId":374655,"journal":{"name":"2013 Seventh International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST)","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125438710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSENST.2013.6727776
M. Caciotta, F. Leccese, S. Giarnetti, S. Pasquale
It has been taken into account the problem of the price of the electrical energy considering its quality. This last is defined by the customers after a complex procedures which considers as inputs both the technical parameters and the human experience. In Following this procedure the final accuracy in the quality definition is strongly related with the accuracy of the sensors used for the power quality measurements especially regarding their synchronization which becomes particularly problematic considering their distribution on spread territory. Moreover we suggest the solutions for a centralized control of their time course.
{"title":"Geographical monitoring of electrical energy quality determination: The problems of the sensors","authors":"M. Caciotta, F. Leccese, S. Giarnetti, S. Pasquale","doi":"10.1109/ICSENST.2013.6727776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENST.2013.6727776","url":null,"abstract":"It has been taken into account the problem of the price of the electrical energy considering its quality. This last is defined by the customers after a complex procedures which considers as inputs both the technical parameters and the human experience. In Following this procedure the final accuracy in the quality definition is strongly related with the accuracy of the sensors used for the power quality measurements especially regarding their synchronization which becomes particularly problematic considering their distribution on spread territory. Moreover we suggest the solutions for a centralized control of their time course.","PeriodicalId":374655,"journal":{"name":"2013 Seventh International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST)","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124120504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSENST.2013.6727705
Piyush Kumar, B. George, V. Kumar
Signal conditioning of inductive sensors so as to obtain an output proportional to just the change in the inductance alone is fraught with problems. The large value of self inductance that is present in a sensor coil and the change in the inductance being a small fraction of this large inductance coupled with the winding resistance of the sensor coil make signal conditioning of such inductive sensors a challenge. This paper presents a simple analog front-end suitable for signal conditioning of inductive sensors. The proposed signal conditioning circuit provides an output linearly related to the change in inductance due to the measurand alone, masking the large value of self (offset) inductance present in inductive sensors as well as the appreciable winding resistance. A prototype of the proposed signal conditioning circuit was developed and tested in the laboratory. Test results validate the efficacy of the technique presented herein.
{"title":"A simple signal conditioning scheme for inductive sensors","authors":"Piyush Kumar, B. George, V. Kumar","doi":"10.1109/ICSENST.2013.6727705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENST.2013.6727705","url":null,"abstract":"Signal conditioning of inductive sensors so as to obtain an output proportional to just the change in the inductance alone is fraught with problems. The large value of self inductance that is present in a sensor coil and the change in the inductance being a small fraction of this large inductance coupled with the winding resistance of the sensor coil make signal conditioning of such inductive sensors a challenge. This paper presents a simple analog front-end suitable for signal conditioning of inductive sensors. The proposed signal conditioning circuit provides an output linearly related to the change in inductance due to the measurand alone, masking the large value of self (offset) inductance present in inductive sensors as well as the appreciable winding resistance. A prototype of the proposed signal conditioning circuit was developed and tested in the laboratory. Test results validate the efficacy of the technique presented herein.","PeriodicalId":374655,"journal":{"name":"2013 Seventh International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121594061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSENST.2013.6727624
A. Ivoghlian, K. Wang, Z. Salcic
Wireless sensor networks have become an active topic of research over the last decades with a growing demand and interests. Wireless sensor nodes (or motes) are the fundamental unit in forming wireless sensor networks. There are many ready-made devices now available aiming for various wireless sensor network applications. In this paper, a novel mote, AWSAM-3, is presented targeting flexibility, low power consumption, miniaturisation, and long communication range. AWSAM-3 is designed with a modular hardware architecture allowing the sensor node components to be mixed and matched based on the needs of the application. Low power consumption is achieved through careful component selection, particularly the voltage regulator. Radio communication experiments show the communication range of over 1km can be achieved depending on the data rates. With its small physical size and modularity, the AWSAM-3 provides a flexible mote for creation of wireless sensor networks for research and in-field applications.
{"title":"AWSAM-3: A low power miniaturised wireless sensor mote","authors":"A. Ivoghlian, K. Wang, Z. Salcic","doi":"10.1109/ICSENST.2013.6727624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENST.2013.6727624","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless sensor networks have become an active topic of research over the last decades with a growing demand and interests. Wireless sensor nodes (or motes) are the fundamental unit in forming wireless sensor networks. There are many ready-made devices now available aiming for various wireless sensor network applications. In this paper, a novel mote, AWSAM-3, is presented targeting flexibility, low power consumption, miniaturisation, and long communication range. AWSAM-3 is designed with a modular hardware architecture allowing the sensor node components to be mixed and matched based on the needs of the application. Low power consumption is achieved through careful component selection, particularly the voltage regulator. Radio communication experiments show the communication range of over 1km can be achieved depending on the data rates. With its small physical size and modularity, the AWSAM-3 provides a flexible mote for creation of wireless sensor networks for research and in-field applications.","PeriodicalId":374655,"journal":{"name":"2013 Seventh International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131338622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-10948-0_19
T. Krah, A. Wedmann, K. Kniel, F. Hartig, N. Ferreira, S. Buttgenbach
{"title":"Coordinate measurement on wafer level — From single sensors to sensor arrays","authors":"T. Krah, A. Wedmann, K. Kniel, F. Hartig, N. Ferreira, S. Buttgenbach","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-10948-0_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10948-0_19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":374655,"journal":{"name":"2013 Seventh International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST)","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131435790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSENST.2013.6727617
Shuangming Li, Yan Su, Yin Wan, Zheng Tang
Temperature has great influences on the surface acoustic wave (SAW) biosensors. Different substrates were tested and the methods for improving the temperature performance of the SAW biosensors were discussed here. The effects of temperature on the SAW sensors mainly result from the temperature coefficient of the SAW device and the oscillating circuit. To eliminate the impact of environment, a twin delay lines SAW biosensor operating at 198 MHz, with a sensor channel and a reference channel, was fabricated on 36°Y-X LiTaO3 piezoelectric crystals. The signals of the two channels were multiplied by a mixer to compensate the influences of temperature. Since the temperature may affect the quiescent point of amplifier, the open loop phase would change, resulting in a frequency shift of the SAW oscillator. Therefore, a simple and effective circuit structure with a comparator limiting the oscillation amplitude was applied to the design of the SAW oscillator. At last, the temperature performance of our design was tested. Our design was demonstrated having a great performance with a temperature coefficient about 2 ppm/°C.
{"title":"Performance optimization of temperature compensated surface acoustic wave biosensors","authors":"Shuangming Li, Yan Su, Yin Wan, Zheng Tang","doi":"10.1109/ICSENST.2013.6727617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENST.2013.6727617","url":null,"abstract":"Temperature has great influences on the surface acoustic wave (SAW) biosensors. Different substrates were tested and the methods for improving the temperature performance of the SAW biosensors were discussed here. The effects of temperature on the SAW sensors mainly result from the temperature coefficient of the SAW device and the oscillating circuit. To eliminate the impact of environment, a twin delay lines SAW biosensor operating at 198 MHz, with a sensor channel and a reference channel, was fabricated on 36°Y-X LiTaO3 piezoelectric crystals. The signals of the two channels were multiplied by a mixer to compensate the influences of temperature. Since the temperature may affect the quiescent point of amplifier, the open loop phase would change, resulting in a frequency shift of the SAW oscillator. Therefore, a simple and effective circuit structure with a comparator limiting the oscillation amplitude was applied to the design of the SAW oscillator. At last, the temperature performance of our design was tested. Our design was demonstrated having a great performance with a temperature coefficient about 2 ppm/°C.","PeriodicalId":374655,"journal":{"name":"2013 Seventh International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST)","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131892060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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