Bu makalede sunulan yazit suphesiz Inlice (Mugla/Fethiye) arkeoloji alaninda bulunmus olan ilk yazittir. Gec Helenistik Donem ya da Erken Imparatorluk Cagi’na ait olan yazit, bulundugu yerin Rodos Peraiasi’na ait olduguna ve Peraia’nin kuruldugu doneme isaret etmektedir. Boylece Inlice’nin antik Daidala kentiyle ozdeslestirilmesinin dogru oldugunu onaylamaktadir. Daidala’nin I.S. 46 yilinda Patara’da dikilen Stadiasmus’ta anilmamasi, yerlesimin Rodos Devleti topraklari icerisinde kalmasi ve bu nedenle de yol programina dahil edilmemis olmasi ile aciklanmaktadir.
{"title":"Das westlykische Daidala in der Kaiserzeit: Eine neue Inschrift und historische Überlegungen","authors":"W. Tietz","doi":"10.37095/GEPHYRA.786252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37095/GEPHYRA.786252","url":null,"abstract":"Bu makalede sunulan yazit suphesiz Inlice (Mugla/Fethiye) arkeoloji alaninda bulunmus olan ilk yazittir. Gec Helenistik Donem ya da Erken Imparatorluk Cagi’na ait olan yazit, bulundugu yerin Rodos Peraiasi’na ait olduguna ve Peraia’nin kuruldugu doneme isaret etmektedir. Boylece Inlice’nin antik Daidala kentiyle ozdeslestirilmesinin dogru oldugunu onaylamaktadir. Daidala’nin I.S. 46 yilinda Patara’da dikilen Stadiasmus’ta anilmamasi, yerlesimin Rodos Devleti topraklari icerisinde kalmasi ve bu nedenle de yol programina dahil edilmemis olmasi ile aciklanmaktadir.","PeriodicalId":37539,"journal":{"name":"Gephyra","volume":"09 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86023054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bu makale Lykia’da yer alan Asarcik’ta bulunmus iki yeni Eski Yunanca yaziti tanitmaktadir. Soz konusu yazitlar sayesinde Asarcik’in antik donemdeki adinin Aloanda oldugu kesinlik kazanmistir. 1 numarali yazitta, Ermedepimis oglu Pokomas adinda bir sahsin Hellenistik Donem’de kurdugu bir vakif kaydedilmistir. Yazit butun olarak gunumuze ulasamamis oldugundan, Pokomas’in vakfinin icerigi net olarak anlasilamamaktadir. Ancak yazitin kalan kisimlarinda, her yil 5 adet brabeutes’in secilmesi ve bunlara para aktarilmasi gerektigi yer almaktadir. Soz konusu brabeutes’lerin, C yuzunde bahsi gecen ve Pokomas’a, onun olumunden sonra ise, Pokomas’in soyundan gelen kimselere bu kurbanlardan onur payi verilecek olan kurban torenleri ve ziyafetlerden sorumlu olduklari dusunulebilir. Metindeki bazi ipuclari, Pokomas’in vakfi kapsaminda agon’larin da organize edildigi ihtimalini ortaya koymaktadir. Potos (icme soleni) esnasinda Aloanda halk meclisinin Pokomas’i taclandirdigi seklinde duyuru yapilmasi, Pokomas’in Aloanda’da onde gelen bir kisi ve bir hayirsever olduguna isaret etmektedir. Bu duyuru, ayni zamanda, vakfin bir kamu yarari icerdigine de isaret etmektedir. Dolayisiyla, vakif kapsaminda duzenlenen kurban torenleri ve ziyafetlerin capi ve kapsami metnin elimizde kalan kisimlarinda acikliga kavusturulmasa da bunlarin halka acik etkinlikler olmasi olasidir. Ancak bu kamu yararinin yani sira, Pokomas’in adi gecen rituel ya da etkinlikleri kendinin ve ailesinin olumlerinden sonra sonsuza kadar anilmasi amaciyla baslatmis olmasi da mumkundur. 2 numarali yazit, Apollonios oglu Trokondas adli bir sahsin anisi icin, babasi, esi ve cocuklarinin yaptirdigi mezar yazitidir. Yazitlarin cevirileri soyledir: Nr. 1: “... Her bir yil icin bes tane brabeutes [secsinler] ve yukarida yazildigi sekilde parayi onlara devretsinler. Eger (brabeutes’leri) secmezler ya da (parayi) devretmezlerse, devretmedikleri miktarin 1,5 kati kadar borclu olsunlar ve yukarida yazildigi sekilde kendilerine karsi cezai islem uygulanarak, borclu olduklari para onlardan tahsil edilsin. Tutsuyu yakarken icki soleni esnasinda soyle ilan etsinler: “Aloandalilarin halk meclisi Pokomas’i zeytin dalindan bir tacla taclandiriyor”; eger Aloanda’da hazir bulunuyor iseler, Pokomas’in akrabalarindan uc adami ziyafete davet etsinler; Pokomas’a yasadigi surece kurban edilen hayvanlardan bir tane arka bacak (?) budu versinler; Pokomas oldukten sonra, (bunu) cocuklarina, ama her zaman daha buyuk olana versinler; cocuklar da oldukten sonra, en yakin akrabalarina versinler. Brabeutes’ler, icki soleni icin kendilerine ayirmak uzere (?) her yil on drakhme alsinlar. Savas nedeniyle kurbanlari belirlenen zamanda yerine getiremezlerse, [bir sonraki] yil gecen yilin borclu kalinan (kurbanini) da yukarida yazildigi uzere yerine getireceklerdir. Tum [geliri] tamamen kurbanlara ve solenlere harcasinlar; eger herhangi bir miktar artarsa, onu baska hicbir seye degil, [bir sonraki senlige] ayirsinlar; eger bu (kurallari)
{"title":"New Inscriptions from Aloanda in Lycia","authors":"Fatih Onur, Selen Kiliç-Aslan","doi":"10.37095/GEPHYRA.878855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37095/GEPHYRA.878855","url":null,"abstract":"Bu makale Lykia’da yer alan Asarcik’ta bulunmus iki yeni Eski Yunanca yaziti tanitmaktadir. Soz konusu yazitlar sayesinde Asarcik’in antik donemdeki adinin Aloanda oldugu kesinlik kazanmistir. 1 numarali yazitta, Ermedepimis oglu Pokomas adinda bir sahsin Hellenistik Donem’de kurdugu bir vakif kaydedilmistir. Yazit butun olarak gunumuze ulasamamis oldugundan, Pokomas’in vakfinin icerigi net olarak anlasilamamaktadir. Ancak yazitin kalan kisimlarinda, her yil 5 adet brabeutes’in secilmesi ve bunlara para aktarilmasi gerektigi yer almaktadir. Soz konusu brabeutes’lerin, C yuzunde bahsi gecen ve Pokomas’a, onun olumunden sonra ise, Pokomas’in soyundan gelen kimselere bu kurbanlardan onur payi verilecek olan kurban torenleri ve ziyafetlerden sorumlu olduklari dusunulebilir. Metindeki bazi ipuclari, Pokomas’in vakfi kapsaminda agon’larin da organize edildigi ihtimalini ortaya koymaktadir. Potos (icme soleni) esnasinda Aloanda halk meclisinin Pokomas’i taclandirdigi seklinde duyuru yapilmasi, Pokomas’in Aloanda’da onde gelen bir kisi ve bir hayirsever olduguna isaret etmektedir. Bu duyuru, ayni zamanda, vakfin bir kamu yarari icerdigine de isaret etmektedir. Dolayisiyla, vakif kapsaminda duzenlenen kurban torenleri ve ziyafetlerin capi ve kapsami metnin elimizde kalan kisimlarinda acikliga kavusturulmasa da bunlarin halka acik etkinlikler olmasi olasidir. Ancak bu kamu yararinin yani sira, Pokomas’in adi gecen rituel ya da etkinlikleri kendinin ve ailesinin olumlerinden sonra sonsuza kadar anilmasi amaciyla baslatmis olmasi da mumkundur. 2 numarali yazit, Apollonios oglu Trokondas adli bir sahsin anisi icin, babasi, esi ve cocuklarinin yaptirdigi mezar yazitidir. Yazitlarin cevirileri soyledir: Nr. 1: “... Her bir yil icin bes tane brabeutes [secsinler] ve yukarida yazildigi sekilde parayi onlara devretsinler. Eger (brabeutes’leri) secmezler ya da (parayi) devretmezlerse, devretmedikleri miktarin 1,5 kati kadar borclu olsunlar ve yukarida yazildigi sekilde kendilerine karsi cezai islem uygulanarak, borclu olduklari para onlardan tahsil edilsin. Tutsuyu yakarken icki soleni esnasinda soyle ilan etsinler: “Aloandalilarin halk meclisi Pokomas’i zeytin dalindan bir tacla taclandiriyor”; eger Aloanda’da hazir bulunuyor iseler, Pokomas’in akrabalarindan uc adami ziyafete davet etsinler; Pokomas’a yasadigi surece kurban edilen hayvanlardan bir tane arka bacak (?) budu versinler; Pokomas oldukten sonra, (bunu) cocuklarina, ama her zaman daha buyuk olana versinler; cocuklar da oldukten sonra, en yakin akrabalarina versinler. Brabeutes’ler, icki soleni icin kendilerine ayirmak uzere (?) her yil on drakhme alsinlar. Savas nedeniyle kurbanlari belirlenen zamanda yerine getiremezlerse, [bir sonraki] yil gecen yilin borclu kalinan (kurbanini) da yukarida yazildigi uzere yerine getireceklerdir. Tum [geliri] tamamen kurbanlara ve solenlere harcasinlar; eger herhangi bir miktar artarsa, onu baska hicbir seye degil, [bir sonraki senlige] ayirsinlar; eger bu (kurallari) ","PeriodicalId":37539,"journal":{"name":"Gephyra","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74035507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hiristiyan olmak icin Roma ordusundan ayrildiktan sonra imparator Traianus Donemi’nde (I.S. 97-118) antik Pisidia ve Phrygia sinir bolgesinde (guneybati Turkiye) sehit oldugu iddia edilen asker Aziz Apollonia-Sozopolisli Zosimos Rum Ortodoks Kilisesi tarafindan Haziran ayinin 19’unda bayrami kutlanan nispeten ismi pek bilinmeyen bir azizdir. Modern arastirmalarda Bati Karadeniz kiyisindaki Roma eyaleti Thrakia'da Apollonia Pontica - Sozopolis kokenli bir asker oldugu ve sehit oldugu Pisidia’daki Roma ordusundan istifa ettigi tartisilmaktadir. Thrakiali bir asker olarak Zosimos'un bu karakterizasyonu karisik kimlikler ya da daha ziyade karisik kokenlerden olusan bir durumdur. Bu makalenin amaci ise azizle ilgili kaynaklarda adi gecen Apollonia/Sozopolis’in azize bugun hala ibadet edilen Bulgaristan'in Sozopol (Suzebolu) kenti degil, aksine modern Turkiye’deki antik Pisidia’nin kuzeyindeki bolumde bulunan ayni isme sahip bir kent oldugunu kanitlamaktadir. ‘Zosimos’un Cilesi’nin metin analizi bunun icin birkac bulgu sunacaktir. Makale ayrica ‘Zosimos’un Cilesi’nin kokenini de arastirmaktadir: metinde bahsi gecen bir takim unsurlar azizin sehitlik anlatisinin buyuk olasilikla Gec Antik Donem’de yazilmis azizlerle ilgili metin bollugunun bir parcasi olan gec antik bir kurgu oldugunu gostermektedir. Apollonia-Sozopolis'in 5. ve 6. yuzyillari boyunca Pisidia eyaleti icindeki erken Hiristiyanligin onemli bir merkezi olarak konumunu vurgulamak icin olusturulmus olabilir. Kosova'daki Gracanica’da ve Bulgaristan'daki Suzebolu’da Zosimos'a saygi duyulduguna dair muteakip kanitlar vardir ve makale, bu Pisidiali azizin kultunun bugun bile hala ona saygi beslenen Bulgaristan’daki Suzebolu’da neden merkezilestigini saptamaya calisacaktir.
{"title":"Zosimos of Apollonia-Sozopolis","authors":"Peter Talloen, Maya Prodanova","doi":"10.37095/GEPHYRA.858063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37095/GEPHYRA.858063","url":null,"abstract":"Hiristiyan olmak icin Roma ordusundan ayrildiktan sonra imparator Traianus Donemi’nde (I.S. 97-118) antik Pisidia ve Phrygia sinir bolgesinde (guneybati Turkiye) sehit oldugu iddia edilen asker Aziz Apollonia-Sozopolisli Zosimos Rum Ortodoks Kilisesi tarafindan Haziran ayinin 19’unda bayrami kutlanan nispeten ismi pek bilinmeyen bir azizdir. Modern arastirmalarda Bati Karadeniz kiyisindaki Roma eyaleti Thrakia'da Apollonia Pontica - Sozopolis kokenli bir asker oldugu ve sehit oldugu Pisidia’daki Roma ordusundan istifa ettigi tartisilmaktadir. Thrakiali bir asker olarak Zosimos'un bu karakterizasyonu karisik kimlikler ya da daha ziyade karisik kokenlerden olusan bir durumdur. Bu makalenin amaci ise azizle ilgili kaynaklarda adi gecen Apollonia/Sozopolis’in azize bugun hala ibadet edilen Bulgaristan'in Sozopol (Suzebolu) kenti degil, aksine modern Turkiye’deki antik Pisidia’nin kuzeyindeki bolumde bulunan ayni isme sahip bir kent oldugunu kanitlamaktadir. ‘Zosimos’un Cilesi’nin metin analizi bunun icin birkac bulgu sunacaktir. Makale ayrica ‘Zosimos’un Cilesi’nin kokenini de arastirmaktadir: metinde bahsi gecen bir takim unsurlar azizin sehitlik anlatisinin buyuk olasilikla Gec Antik Donem’de yazilmis azizlerle ilgili metin bollugunun bir parcasi olan gec antik bir kurgu oldugunu gostermektedir. Apollonia-Sozopolis'in 5. ve 6. yuzyillari boyunca Pisidia eyaleti icindeki erken Hiristiyanligin onemli bir merkezi olarak konumunu vurgulamak icin olusturulmus olabilir. Kosova'daki Gracanica’da ve Bulgaristan'daki Suzebolu’da Zosimos'a saygi duyulduguna dair muteakip kanitlar vardir ve makale, bu Pisidiali azizin kultunun bugun bile hala ona saygi beslenen Bulgaristan’daki Suzebolu’da neden merkezilestigini saptamaya calisacaktir.","PeriodicalId":37539,"journal":{"name":"Gephyra","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85279646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New Dedications from the Bursa Museum","authors":"N. E. Akyürek Şahin, Mehmet Yildiz","doi":"10.37095/gephyra.806192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.806192","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37539,"journal":{"name":"Gephyra","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87238879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 2016 in Ahmetler village of Pazaryeri district in Bilecik province, as a result of the damage caused by the village headman’s illegal construction with the pretext of a quarantine area creation, a cult area was accidentally discovered. In the damaged area caused by the village mukhtar, in situ architectural wall remains and many offering stelae scattered all over the surface, 10 of which had inscriptions on them, were found. In this article, we present only nine inscriptions because one of them has been badly destroyed. These new offerings contribute greatly to our knowledge of the region’s history.
{"title":"New Inscriptions from Nikaia XII Sanctuary of Zeus Bronton in Ahmetler Village of Pazaryeri District","authors":"H. Öztürk, A. Aktaş, Ezgi Demirhan-Öztürk","doi":"10.37095/gephyra.802104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.802104","url":null,"abstract":"In 2016 in Ahmetler village of Pazaryeri district in Bilecik province, as a result of the damage caused by the village headman’s illegal construction with the pretext of a quarantine area creation, a cult area was accidentally discovered. In the damaged area caused by the village mukhtar, in situ architectural wall remains and many offering stelae scattered all over the surface, 10 of which had inscriptions on them, were found. In this article, we present only nine inscriptions because one of them has been badly destroyed. These new offerings contribute greatly to our knowledge of the region’s history.","PeriodicalId":37539,"journal":{"name":"Gephyra","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90614957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Two Magical Gem Amulets From Ankara","authors":"M. Arslan, Y. Yeğin, Richard K. Gordon","doi":"10.37095/gephyra.762359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.762359","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37539,"journal":{"name":"Gephyra","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73174699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Avcu presented two new milestones found in the northwest territory of Iuliopolis in the last volume of this journal. The text of the second of these milestones was not possible to read from the photos. An investigation of the stone concluded that the milestone was erected in the reign of Macrinus, mentioned together with caesar and his princeps Diadumenianus, sometime between October 217 and May 218. The translation of the inscription is: "With Good Fortune. Imperator Caesar Marcus Opellius Severus Macrinus Pius Felix Augustus, pontifex maximus, in the 1st tribunician power, consul designate for the 2nd time, father of the fatherland, proconsul, and Marcus Opellius Antoninus Diadumenianus, the most noble Caesar, his son, and princeps of his own. From Iuliopolis 7 (miles)."
F. Avcu在本杂志的最后一卷中介绍了在尤里奥波利斯西北地区发现的两个新的里程碑。第二个里程碑的文字是不可能从照片中读出的。对石头的调查得出结论，这座里程碑是在马克里努斯统治时期建造的，与凯撒和他的元首Diadumenianus一起被提到，时间是在217年10月到218年5月之间。碑文的翻译是:“好运。”皇帝马库斯·奥佩利乌斯·塞维勒斯·马克林努斯庇护斯·菲利克斯·奥古斯都，最大的教皇，在第一保民官的权力，第二次执政官，父亲的祖国，省长，和马库斯·奥佩利乌斯·安东尼努斯Diadumenianus，最高贵的凯撒，他的儿子，他自己的元首。距离尤里奥波利斯7英里。”
{"title":"The Examination of a Milestone Recently Found in the Territory of Iuliopolis","authors":"Fatih Onur","doi":"10.37095/gephyra.779933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.779933","url":null,"abstract":"F. Avcu presented two new milestones found in the northwest territory of Iuliopolis in the last volume of this journal. The text of the second of these milestones was not possible to read from the photos. An investigation of the stone concluded that the milestone was erected in the reign of Macrinus, mentioned together with caesar and his princeps Diadumenianus, sometime between October 217 and May 218. The translation of the inscription is: \"With Good Fortune. Imperator Caesar Marcus Opellius Severus Macrinus Pius Felix Augustus, pontifex maximus, in the 1st tribunician power, consul designate for the 2nd time, father of the fatherland, proconsul, and Marcus Opellius Antoninus Diadumenianus, the most noble Caesar, his son, and princeps of his own. From Iuliopolis 7 (miles).\"","PeriodicalId":37539,"journal":{"name":"Gephyra","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87917609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, the new coin legends of the dynast Miθrapata with a spelling variant mizrapata are analyzed, particularly regarding its possible connection to another variant form, mizrp-pata, whose existence can now be questioned. As for the double spelling mizrapata/miθrapata , it can be interpreted as the result of spelling traditions linked to chronological or dialectal factors. In this paper, the new coin legends of the dynast Miθrapata with a spelling variant mizrapata are analyzed, particularly regarding its possible connection to another variant form, mizrp-pata, whose existence can now be questioned. As for the double spelling mizrapata/miθrapata, it can be interpreted as the result of spelling traditions linked to chronological or dialectal factors.
{"title":"The Lycian Name of Iranian Origin Miθrapata and Its variants","authors":"İ̇gnasi Xavier Adiego Lajara","doi":"10.37095/gephyra.752799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.752799","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the new coin legends of the dynast Miθrapata with a spelling variant mizrapata are analyzed, particularly regarding its possible connection to another variant form, mizrp-pata, whose existence can now be questioned. As for the double spelling mizrapata/miθrapata , it can be interpreted as the result of spelling traditions linked to chronological or dialectal factors. In this paper, the new coin legends of the dynast Miθrapata with a spelling variant mizrapata are analyzed, particularly regarding its possible connection to another variant form, mizrp-pata, whose existence can now be questioned. As for the double spelling mizrapata/miθrapata, it can be interpreted as the result of spelling traditions linked to chronological or dialectal factors.","PeriodicalId":37539,"journal":{"name":"Gephyra","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89790333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper examines the development of roads in northwestern (and parts of Central) Asia Minor from the Roman to the Byzantine period, pointing also to some changes in the Turkish period until about the 17th century. There was a remarkable continuity regarding the main routes of long distance traffic, but these routes could change in detail, corresponding to different military and economic focuses and needs. Design and building techniques of the roads changed, depending on the economic resources the state was able to spend and above all on the change from wagons and carts to pack animals. Neglect of the wide, paved long-distance roads of the Roman imperial period at the end of antiquity was linked to the gradual decrease of vehicular traffic in Asia Minor. By the sixth century AD, travel and transport relied on mounts and pack animals, except for some short-distance trans-portation on simple oxcarts. Roads were adapted to these means of transport and became narrower and stepped at steep passages. From the seventh century onwards, following the loss of the eastern provinces and during the nearly annual Arab invasions of Anatolia, the Byzantines chose routes that were partly different from the main routes of the Roman period and Late Antiquity, but which mostly were also inherited from their Roman predecessors. The main routes through Asia Minor were generally maintained in an acceptable order, but very few really new roads were built. After the Seljuk conquests roads became insecure again. The main lines of communication did not change, at least not in regions under Byzantine control. The Ottomans took over most of the roads used by the Byzantines for their military campaigns and for trade. It seems, however, that they were readier to build at least a limited number of entirely new roads. Their building techniques more or less followed the examples of their Byzantine predecessors.
{"title":"Roads and Routes in Northwestern and Adjoining Parts of Central Asia Minor: From the Romans to Byzantium, with Some Remarks on their Fate during the Ottoman Period up to the 17th Century","authors":"Klaus Belke","doi":"10.37095/gephyra.742745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.742745","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines the development of roads in northwestern (and parts of Central) Asia Minor from the Roman to the Byzantine period, pointing also to some changes in the Turkish period until about the 17th century. There was a remarkable continuity regarding the main routes of long distance traffic, but these routes could change in detail, corresponding to different military and economic focuses and needs. Design and building techniques of the roads changed, depending on the economic resources the state was able to spend and above all on the change from wagons and carts to pack animals. Neglect of the wide, paved long-distance roads of the Roman imperial period at the end of antiquity was linked to the gradual decrease of vehicular traffic in Asia Minor. By the sixth century AD, travel and transport relied on mounts and pack animals, except for some short-distance trans-portation on simple oxcarts. Roads were adapted to these means of transport and became narrower and stepped at steep passages. From the seventh century onwards, following the loss of the eastern provinces and during the nearly annual Arab invasions of Anatolia, the Byzantines chose routes that were partly different from the main routes of the Roman period and Late Antiquity, but which mostly were also inherited from their Roman predecessors. The main routes through Asia Minor were generally maintained in an acceptable order, but very few really new roads were built. After the Seljuk conquests roads became insecure again. The main lines of communication did not change, at least not in regions under Byzantine control. The Ottomans took over most of the roads used by the Byzantines for their military campaigns and for trade. It seems, however, that they were readier to build at least a limited number of entirely new roads. Their building techniques more or less followed the examples of their Byzantine predecessors.","PeriodicalId":37539,"journal":{"name":"Gephyra","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83441294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One inscribed tombstone was placed at Appa station on the Ottoman Railway line from Izmir to Dinar. The inscription was published by three different copyists in the course of eleven years. Each person who transcribed the inscription, Georg Weber, William Mitchell Ramsay and Georges Cousin, made no acknowledgement of each other. Moreover, each transcription and reconstruction differed from the other in more lines than the number of lines in which they were in agreement; the provenance for the stone was credited to different locations and the minimal description of the form of the stone left considerable doubt as to the tombstone’s design. No sketch or photograph was provided. The names on the epitaph have been harnessed by the Lexicon of Greek Personal Names to a site (Sanaos) to which none of the three published editions actually tied the inscription. The dispute may have been left unresolved, but for a photograph taken by Gertrude Bell in 1907. She never published it, but, for her, it was the fitting compensation for a failed visit to the site of Colossae. By careful enhancement of the photograph and close study of its contents, the three disputed elements — the form of the tombstone, its original location and the wording of the inscription — can be resolved to a high degree of probability. The restored inscription becomes particularly valuable for a name that may connect with one of the (in)famous features of Colossian religious life — the worship of angels.
在从伊兹密尔到第纳尔的奥斯曼铁路上的阿帕站放置了一块刻有铭文的墓碑。碑文由三个不同的抄写员在十一年的时间里出版。抄写这段题词的人，乔治·韦伯、威廉·米切尔·拉姆齐和乔治·库桑，都没有对彼此表示感谢。此外，每一种转录和重建与另一种不同的行数多于它们一致的行数;这块石头的来源被认为是不同的地方，对石头形式的最小描述给墓碑的设计留下了相当大的疑问。没有提供素描或照片。墓志铭上的名字被《希腊人名词典》(Lexicon of Greek Personal names)收录到一个地点(Sanaos)，而三个已出版的版本都没有将铭文与这个地点联系起来。要不是格特鲁德·贝尔在1907年拍摄的一张照片，这场争论可能还没有解决。她从未发表过这本书，但对她来说，这是对一次失败的歌罗西之旅的适当补偿。通过仔细放大照片并仔细研究其内容，三个有争议的因素- -墓碑的形状、其原始位置和碑文的措辞- -可以在很大程度上得到解决。修复后的铭文变得特别有价值，因为它的名字可能与歌罗西宗教生活的一个著名特征有关——崇拜天使。
{"title":"Gertrude Bell’s Resolution of a Disputed Inscription","authors":"A. Cadwallader","doi":"10.37095/gephyra.708896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.708896","url":null,"abstract":"One inscribed tombstone was placed at Appa station on the Ottoman Railway line from Izmir to Dinar. The inscription was published by three different copyists in the course of eleven years. Each person who transcribed the inscription, Georg Weber, William Mitchell Ramsay and Georges Cousin, made no acknowledgement of each other. Moreover, each transcription and reconstruction differed from the other in more lines than the number of lines in which they were in agreement; the provenance for the stone was credited to different locations and the minimal description of the form of the stone left considerable doubt as to the tombstone’s design. No sketch or photograph was provided. The names on the epitaph have been harnessed by the Lexicon of Greek Personal Names to a site (Sanaos) to which none of the three published editions actually tied the inscription. The dispute may have been left unresolved, but for a photograph taken by Gertrude Bell in 1907. She never published it, but, for her, it was the fitting compensation for a failed visit to the site of Colossae. By careful enhancement of the photograph and close study of its contents, the three disputed elements — the form of the tombstone, its original location and the wording of the inscription — can be resolved to a high degree of probability. The restored inscription becomes particularly valuable for a name that may connect with one of the (in)famous features of Colossian religious life — the worship of angels.","PeriodicalId":37539,"journal":{"name":"Gephyra","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86401365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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