Pub Date : 2023-08-14DOI: 10.1080/17419166.2023.2235651
C. Macaulay
{"title":"How Insurgency Begins: Rebel Group Formation in Uganda and Beyond","authors":"C. Macaulay","doi":"10.1080/17419166.2023.2235651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17419166.2023.2235651","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":375529,"journal":{"name":"Democracy and Security","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121710030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-24DOI: 10.1080/17419166.2023.2229262
Andrzej Dawidczyk, Justyna Jurczak
{"title":"Hate Speech in Political Discourse in 2015-2021 as a Determinant of Poland’s Internal and External Security","authors":"Andrzej Dawidczyk, Justyna Jurczak","doi":"10.1080/17419166.2023.2229262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17419166.2023.2229262","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":375529,"journal":{"name":"Democracy and Security","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116079063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-08DOI: 10.1080/17419166.2023.2220109
Octavio Amorim Neto, Pedro Accorsi
ABSTRACT Defense ministers have not received the scholarly attention commensurate with the resources they command in national executives. This paper develops and tests propositions regarding the behavior of different types of defense ministers (military, pure experts, partisan experts, and purely partisan). Blending organizational theory and military psychology, our analysis investigates ministerial turnover in defense portfolios and relations with the legislature and the branches of the armed forces. Propositions are tested using a combination of original and secondary data on Portugal (1976-2015), an ideal case for this study, as well as cross-national evidence. Our findings indicate that military ministers from the army are associated with a higher army budget and larger land force, less accountability vis-à-vis the legislature, and a longer tenure in office. Experts, overall, are associated with a higher-quality army and a lower tenure in office, with mixed results for parliamentary accountability, depending on the type of the expert. These results have significant implications for the study of defense policy, civil-military relations, and cabinet politics, particularly in consolidating democracies featuring a relatively high share of either military officers or experts heading the defense ministry.
{"title":"The Political Behavior of Defense Ministers: A Study of Portugal, 1976-2015","authors":"Octavio Amorim Neto, Pedro Accorsi","doi":"10.1080/17419166.2023.2220109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17419166.2023.2220109","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Defense ministers have not received the scholarly attention commensurate with the resources they command in national executives. This paper develops and tests propositions regarding the behavior of different types of defense ministers (military, pure experts, partisan experts, and purely partisan). Blending organizational theory and military psychology, our analysis investigates ministerial turnover in defense portfolios and relations with the legislature and the branches of the armed forces. Propositions are tested using a combination of original and secondary data on Portugal (1976-2015), an ideal case for this study, as well as cross-national evidence. Our findings indicate that military ministers from the army are associated with a higher army budget and larger land force, less accountability vis-à-vis the legislature, and a longer tenure in office. Experts, overall, are associated with a higher-quality army and a lower tenure in office, with mixed results for parliamentary accountability, depending on the type of the expert. These results have significant implications for the study of defense policy, civil-military relations, and cabinet politics, particularly in consolidating democracies featuring a relatively high share of either military officers or experts heading the defense ministry.","PeriodicalId":375529,"journal":{"name":"Democracy and Security","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129784934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-08DOI: 10.1080/17419166.2023.2220111
Sadi Shanaah, Immo Fritsche, Mathias Osmundsen
{"title":"Support for Pro-Climate and Ecofascist Extremism: Correlates and Intersections","authors":"Sadi Shanaah, Immo Fritsche, Mathias Osmundsen","doi":"10.1080/17419166.2023.2220111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17419166.2023.2220111","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":375529,"journal":{"name":"Democracy and Security","volume":"158 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134135457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-07DOI: 10.1080/17419166.2023.2220140
Abdulai Kuyini Mohammed
ABSTRACT This paper assessed the quality of Ghana’s democracy along eight dimensions of democratic quality. The empirical basis of the study is information from 80 interviews and secondary sources. The evidence showed that there are intra-dimension and inter-dimension differences, in Ghana’s democratic quality performance and the dimensions do not co-vary. It also found that there is a gap between the demand for democracy and the supply of it. It further established that the causes of the democratic quality deficits are both internal and external. These findings speak of democratic backsliding and democratic careening in the literature – where the political involvement of citizens is limited to voting which is declining in quality, while they are ignored between elections, and they have little possibility of controlling corruption, or abuse of citizens’ rights or misgovernment; and where democracy is such that it lurches, swerves, sways, and threatens to tip over. Suggestions for resolving the democratic deficits are proffered, failing to implement which, Ghana’s fledgling democracy, which has shown signs of deterioration, will worsen.
{"title":"An Evaluation of the Quality of Democracy of Ghana","authors":"Abdulai Kuyini Mohammed","doi":"10.1080/17419166.2023.2220140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17419166.2023.2220140","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper assessed the quality of Ghana’s democracy along eight dimensions of democratic quality. The empirical basis of the study is information from 80 interviews and secondary sources. The evidence showed that there are intra-dimension and inter-dimension differences, in Ghana’s democratic quality performance and the dimensions do not co-vary. It also found that there is a gap between the demand for democracy and the supply of it. It further established that the causes of the democratic quality deficits are both internal and external. These findings speak of democratic backsliding and democratic careening in the literature – where the political involvement of citizens is limited to voting which is declining in quality, while they are ignored between elections, and they have little possibility of controlling corruption, or abuse of citizens’ rights or misgovernment; and where democracy is such that it lurches, swerves, sways, and threatens to tip over. Suggestions for resolving the democratic deficits are proffered, failing to implement which, Ghana’s fledgling democracy, which has shown signs of deterioration, will worsen.","PeriodicalId":375529,"journal":{"name":"Democracy and Security","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115641750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-02DOI: 10.1080/17419166.2023.2220117
T. Christensen, Lasse Lindekilde, Jennie Sivenbring, T. Bjørgo, Ingvild Magnæs Gjelsvik, Randi Solhjell, Håvard Haugstvedt, Robin Andersson Malmros, Mari Kangasniem, Hanna Kallio
{"title":"“Being a Risk” or “Being at Risk”: Factors Shaping Negotiation of Concerns of Radicalization within Multiagency Collaboration in the Nordic Countries","authors":"T. Christensen, Lasse Lindekilde, Jennie Sivenbring, T. Bjørgo, Ingvild Magnæs Gjelsvik, Randi Solhjell, Håvard Haugstvedt, Robin Andersson Malmros, Mari Kangasniem, Hanna Kallio","doi":"10.1080/17419166.2023.2220117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17419166.2023.2220117","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":375529,"journal":{"name":"Democracy and Security","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125705261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-02DOI: 10.1080/17419166.2023.2220124
Paweł Mikołajczak
{"title":"Values Do Matter: Lessons for Non-Governmental Organizations During the Crises of Democracy in Central and Eastern Europe","authors":"Paweł Mikołajczak","doi":"10.1080/17419166.2023.2220124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17419166.2023.2220124","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":375529,"journal":{"name":"Democracy and Security","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128732671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.1080/17419166.2023.2220106
Christopher A. Sims
{"title":"Lawfare in America: A Commentary on the Standing Rock Sioux","authors":"Christopher A. Sims","doi":"10.1080/17419166.2023.2220106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17419166.2023.2220106","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":375529,"journal":{"name":"Democracy and Security","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123022757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/17419166.2023.2210470
Tzippi Gushpantz
Military ethics deals with moral and ethical principles underlying the activities of a military system in a democratic state. The challenges and threats facing Western societies place decision makers in complex situations that require moral and professional decisions regarding the use of military forces. Most countries in the democratic world relate to ethics as morality, focusing on developing moral character and instilling virtues. The aim of the values and principles of military ethics is to help find the balance between the duty to protect the country and its democratic principles, and the use of the military in actualizing national security needs to defend its citizens. In practice, recognition and understanding of ethical norms and adherence to them should help commanders shape an ethical climate and culture in their units and ensure professional behavior both in routine times and in times of combat. Over the last decade, new combat technologies have challenged the discourse of military ethics. This new is now present on many platforms, most of them nonmilitary – political, social, cinematic, media and academic.
{"title":"From the Editor","authors":"Tzippi Gushpantz","doi":"10.1080/17419166.2023.2210470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17419166.2023.2210470","url":null,"abstract":"Military ethics deals with moral and ethical principles underlying the activities of a military system in a democratic state. The challenges and threats facing Western societies place decision makers in complex situations that require moral and professional decisions regarding the use of military forces. Most countries in the democratic world relate to ethics as morality, focusing on developing moral character and instilling virtues. The aim of the values and principles of military ethics is to help find the balance between the duty to protect the country and its democratic principles, and the use of the military in actualizing national security needs to defend its citizens. In practice, recognition and understanding of ethical norms and adherence to them should help commanders shape an ethical climate and culture in their units and ensure professional behavior both in routine times and in times of combat. Over the last decade, new combat technologies have challenged the discourse of military ethics. This new is now present on many platforms, most of them nonmilitary – political, social, cinematic, media and academic.","PeriodicalId":375529,"journal":{"name":"Democracy and Security","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123242640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/17419166.2023.2210473
Ofra Ben Ishai
ABSTRACT Since the early 2000s, military violence has been legitimized using consumer marketing practices, particularly microtargeting. This responsive strategy invites various audiences to interpret military violence and thereby become its legitimation agents. The lethality concept recently adopted by the IDF has been central to such a strategy. Communicated in a deliberately vague manner, lethality served as an effective mechanism for legitimizing violence by allowing competing and dynamic interpretations, aligned with the values and interests of different social groups. The present study examined this mechanism by analyzing readers’ comments on lethality-related news articles, and found it to be highly effective in achieving legitimacy by marking the concept’s ethical boundaries and the sectorial interests bound up with it. Following this dialogue with the public, the military chose to highlight the relation between lethality and the relative security calm and economic prosperity achieved in Israel, marketing the IDF as the “largest startup in the country.” This responsive strategy, however, compromises the democratic process by shifting the choice of strategic concepts from elected representatives onto a direct dialogue between the military and its favored legitimation agents. It also erodes the military’s apolitical status and has a heavy ethical, operational and moral price.
{"title":"The “Outing” of Lethality: Using “Lethality” to Legitimize Military Violence in Israel","authors":"Ofra Ben Ishai","doi":"10.1080/17419166.2023.2210473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17419166.2023.2210473","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Since the early 2000s, military violence has been legitimized using consumer marketing practices, particularly microtargeting. This responsive strategy invites various audiences to interpret military violence and thereby become its legitimation agents. The lethality concept recently adopted by the IDF has been central to such a strategy. Communicated in a deliberately vague manner, lethality served as an effective mechanism for legitimizing violence by allowing competing and dynamic interpretations, aligned with the values and interests of different social groups. The present study examined this mechanism by analyzing readers’ comments on lethality-related news articles, and found it to be highly effective in achieving legitimacy by marking the concept’s ethical boundaries and the sectorial interests bound up with it. Following this dialogue with the public, the military chose to highlight the relation between lethality and the relative security calm and economic prosperity achieved in Israel, marketing the IDF as the “largest startup in the country.” This responsive strategy, however, compromises the democratic process by shifting the choice of strategic concepts from elected representatives onto a direct dialogue between the military and its favored legitimation agents. It also erodes the military’s apolitical status and has a heavy ethical, operational and moral price.","PeriodicalId":375529,"journal":{"name":"Democracy and Security","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126676632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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