Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.1080/23248823.2022.2122132
Fabrizio Di Mascio, A. Natalini, S. Profeti
ABSTRACT The article investigates the impact of the National Recovery and Resilience Plan, complemented by changes in the composition of government at the domestic level, on the patterns of administrative reforms in Italy. We draw on research arguments that rest on historical institutionalism, which constitutes an established approach to the study of administrative reforms. We elaborate on how history has connected well-established patterns of administrative reform to the design and governance of the NRRP measures that aim to provide better public services. We find the strongest support for the research arguments derived from the reactive approach to policy sequencing, entailing the co-existence of pre-pandemic patterns and innovative policy features
{"title":"Administrative reforms in the Italian National Recovery and Resilience Plan: a selective approach to bridge the capacity gap","authors":"Fabrizio Di Mascio, A. Natalini, S. Profeti","doi":"10.1080/23248823.2022.2122132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23248823.2022.2122132","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The article investigates the impact of the National Recovery and Resilience Plan, complemented by changes in the composition of government at the domestic level, on the patterns of administrative reforms in Italy. We draw on research arguments that rest on historical institutionalism, which constitutes an established approach to the study of administrative reforms. We elaborate on how history has connected well-established patterns of administrative reform to the design and governance of the NRRP measures that aim to provide better public services. We find the strongest support for the research arguments derived from the reactive approach to policy sequencing, entailing the co-existence of pre-pandemic patterns and innovative policy features","PeriodicalId":37572,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Italian Politics","volume":"14 1","pages":"487 - 501"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46980247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.1080/23248823.2022.2123300
Fabrizio Di Mascio, A. Natalini, S. Profeti
ABSTRACT The political and institutional trajectory of Italy was clearly punctuated by the economic upheavals of the pandemic. The articles in the special issue aim to assess the character of the institutional change prompted by the economic response to the pandemic, and in particular by the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), in different policy areas. Three contributions analyse the reform dynamics related to the strategic axis of the Italian NRRP, namely digitalization and innovation (Ottone and Barbieri), the ecological transition (Cotta and Domorenok), and social inclusion as concerns labour-market policies (Tassinari). Two contributions focus on two overarching priorities of the NRRP: gender equality (Donà) and development of southern Italy (Cerruto, Cersosimo and Raniolo). Finally, one contribution focuses on reform of the public administration, which has been identified as a key area, affecting horizontally all missions in the NRRP (Di Mascio, Natalini and Profeti). Overall, the articles in the special issue highlight that the pandemic has been followed by a process of institutional change that occurred both incrementally and unevenly, often disguising substantial continuity.
{"title":"The Draghi Government put to the Test by the National Recovery and Resilience Plan","authors":"Fabrizio Di Mascio, A. Natalini, S. Profeti","doi":"10.1080/23248823.2022.2123300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23248823.2022.2123300","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The political and institutional trajectory of Italy was clearly punctuated by the economic upheavals of the pandemic. The articles in the special issue aim to assess the character of the institutional change prompted by the economic response to the pandemic, and in particular by the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), in different policy areas. Three contributions analyse the reform dynamics related to the strategic axis of the Italian NRRP, namely digitalization and innovation (Ottone and Barbieri), the ecological transition (Cotta and Domorenok), and social inclusion as concerns labour-market policies (Tassinari). Two contributions focus on two overarching priorities of the NRRP: gender equality (Donà) and development of southern Italy (Cerruto, Cersosimo and Raniolo). Finally, one contribution focuses on reform of the public administration, which has been identified as a key area, affecting horizontally all missions in the NRRP (Di Mascio, Natalini and Profeti). Overall, the articles in the special issue highlight that the pandemic has been followed by a process of institutional change that occurred both incrementally and unevenly, often disguising substantial continuity.","PeriodicalId":37572,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Italian Politics","volume":"14 1","pages":"402 - 408"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46449246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-22DOI: 10.1080/23248823.2022.2126925
B. Cotta, Ekaterina Domorenok
ABSTRACT Drawing on Europeanization and policy change scholarships, and with the aim of understanding the extent to which Next Generation EU has become a vector of policy change in the country, this article analyses policy reforms concerning the ecological transition, which Italy has designed within the framework of its National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP). More specifically, the study provides a descriptive analysis of the two versions of the plan (Conte’s proposal and Draghi’s final version) in order to unveil the nature and direction of policy change embedded in particular in its final version, as compared to previous Italian ecological policies. The empirical research presented in the article shows that the logics of path-dependence and policy layering have prevailed in the design of the green pillar of the NRRP, as it introduced a limited number of policy reforms; lacked specific implementation targets, and was developed in conformity with a highly fragmented and top-down style of policy making: one that was typical of previous Italian environmental and climate policies.
{"title":"Catching up with the European Union’s recovery and resilience agenda: green transition reforms in the Italian National Recovery and Resilience Plan","authors":"B. Cotta, Ekaterina Domorenok","doi":"10.1080/23248823.2022.2126925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23248823.2022.2126925","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Drawing on Europeanization and policy change scholarships, and with the aim of understanding the extent to which Next Generation EU has become a vector of policy change in the country, this article analyses policy reforms concerning the ecological transition, which Italy has designed within the framework of its National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP). More specifically, the study provides a descriptive analysis of the two versions of the plan (Conte’s proposal and Draghi’s final version) in order to unveil the nature and direction of policy change embedded in particular in its final version, as compared to previous Italian ecological policies. The empirical research presented in the article shows that the logics of path-dependence and policy layering have prevailed in the design of the green pillar of the NRRP, as it introduced a limited number of policy reforms; lacked specific implementation targets, and was developed in conformity with a highly fragmented and top-down style of policy making: one that was typical of previous Italian environmental and climate policies.","PeriodicalId":37572,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Italian Politics","volume":"14 1","pages":"424 - 440"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44006994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-08DOI: 10.1080/23248823.2022.2120449
Valentina Ottone, Michele Barbieri
ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected the Research and Innovation (R&I) sector, which is widely recognized as a driver of social and economic recovery, both by public institutions and by scholars. Hence, the pandemic has prompted the European Union to implement a coordinated strategy, one that has created opportunities to support the R&I sector. The Italian National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), developed by the Conte government and finalized by the Draghi government, represents a potential turning point in defining more suitable governance mechanisms for long-term R&I policies aimed at strengthening sustainability and resilience in Italy. Likewise, events surrounding the Plan were the formal reasons for the appointment of the Draghi government in the first place. By evaluating policy documents and by analysing the preliminary measures adopted, this article analyses the Italian case, which reveals a potential shift. Indeed, while in the pre-COVID period Italian governance was characterized by an approach focussed on the government ministries, reforms triggered by the NRRP have configured a potential multi-level governance approach to the Italian R&I framework. This study also highlights the opportunities and risks of this shift – opportunities and risks that are particularly related to the role of regions and non-state stakeholders in defining appropriate R&I policies.
{"title":"Research & innovation policy in the Italian NRRP: an evalutation of emerging challenges for multi-level governance","authors":"Valentina Ottone, Michele Barbieri","doi":"10.1080/23248823.2022.2120449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23248823.2022.2120449","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected the Research and Innovation (R&I) sector, which is widely recognized as a driver of social and economic recovery, both by public institutions and by scholars. Hence, the pandemic has prompted the European Union to implement a coordinated strategy, one that has created opportunities to support the R&I sector. The Italian National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), developed by the Conte government and finalized by the Draghi government, represents a potential turning point in defining more suitable governance mechanisms for long-term R&I policies aimed at strengthening sustainability and resilience in Italy. Likewise, events surrounding the Plan were the formal reasons for the appointment of the Draghi government in the first place. By evaluating policy documents and by analysing the preliminary measures adopted, this article analyses the Italian case, which reveals a potential shift. Indeed, while in the pre-COVID period Italian governance was characterized by an approach focussed on the government ministries, reforms triggered by the NRRP have configured a potential multi-level governance approach to the Italian R&I framework. This study also highlights the opportunities and risks of this shift – opportunities and risks that are particularly related to the role of regions and non-state stakeholders in defining appropriate R&I policies.","PeriodicalId":37572,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Italian Politics","volume":"14 1","pages":"409 - 423"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41541302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-07DOI: 10.1080/23248823.2022.2119191
Enzo Loner
ABSTRACT This work focuses on the consequences of Covid-19 for the public images of political leaders as they emerge from Twitter discourses in Italy. To that end, the research investigates the tweets of Italian citizens about the pandemic in 2020 to understand whether the messages related to the virus can provide helpful information to track support for politicians. These goals are relevant because we know little about how the images of political leaders change in times of crisis, and Italy has been one of the countries most affected by the pandemic. The threat of the virus and the search for protection should increase confidence in the Prime Minister and foster the ‘rally-round-the-flag’ effect. However, as the debate on the virus dominated posts on Twitter, populist leaders opposing the Government could have taken advantage of the emergency to criticize the Government and thus gain support. Further, there are various political parties in the country, including right-wing mainstream and populist parties. Moreover, populists are both in the opposition and in government. We find that the images of politicians are shaped according to their stances relating to the pandemic and the ideas they promote. As expected, right-wing populists tried to use Twitter to criticize the Government but were often criticized for being ‘political looters’. Fear of the pandemic boosted confidence in the Prime Minister and his coalition. To understand these results, both context and the actor’s position are critical elements when studying public opinion through social media communication.
{"title":"Winners or losers? Using Twitter to evaluate how the COVID-19 pandemic changed the images of political leaders in Italy","authors":"Enzo Loner","doi":"10.1080/23248823.2022.2119191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23248823.2022.2119191","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This work focuses on the consequences of Covid-19 for the public images of political leaders as they emerge from Twitter discourses in Italy. To that end, the research investigates the tweets of Italian citizens about the pandemic in 2020 to understand whether the messages related to the virus can provide helpful information to track support for politicians. These goals are relevant because we know little about how the images of political leaders change in times of crisis, and Italy has been one of the countries most affected by the pandemic. The threat of the virus and the search for protection should increase confidence in the Prime Minister and foster the ‘rally-round-the-flag’ effect. However, as the debate on the virus dominated posts on Twitter, populist leaders opposing the Government could have taken advantage of the emergency to criticize the Government and thus gain support. Further, there are various political parties in the country, including right-wing mainstream and populist parties. Moreover, populists are both in the opposition and in government. We find that the images of politicians are shaped according to their stances relating to the pandemic and the ideas they promote. As expected, right-wing populists tried to use Twitter to criticize the Government but were often criticized for being ‘political looters’. Fear of the pandemic boosted confidence in the Prime Minister and his coalition. To understand these results, both context and the actor’s position are critical elements when studying public opinion through social media communication.","PeriodicalId":37572,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Italian Politics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41739738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-03DOI: 10.1080/23248823.2022.2107136
Michela Ceccorulli, F. Coticchia, Stella Gianfreda
ABSTRACT In 2018, a fully populist government, without any mainstream parties, was formed in Italy. Some authors expected to see a considerable degree of policy change, while others predicted a limited – and mainly symbolic – transformation. However, few studies have investigated the impact of the new government on migration and on defence policy. To what extent did the ‘Yellow-Green’ government foster policy change with respect to traditional approaches in these policy domains? This article aims to gauge the extent of policy change in the fields of migration and defence under Giuseppe Conte’s (first) cabinet (June 2018-August 2019). Relying upon secondary and primary sources (semi-structured interviews with ministers, MPs, diplomats, experts, etc.), we contribute to the literature on the impact of populist parties on migration and defence policies once in office, advancing the hypothesis of a ‘salience-constraints’ balance.
{"title":"The government of change? Migration and defence policy under Giuseppe Conte’s first cabinet","authors":"Michela Ceccorulli, F. Coticchia, Stella Gianfreda","doi":"10.1080/23248823.2022.2107136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23248823.2022.2107136","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In 2018, a fully populist government, without any mainstream parties, was formed in Italy. Some authors expected to see a considerable degree of policy change, while others predicted a limited – and mainly symbolic – transformation. However, few studies have investigated the impact of the new government on migration and on defence policy. To what extent did the ‘Yellow-Green’ government foster policy change with respect to traditional approaches in these policy domains? This article aims to gauge the extent of policy change in the fields of migration and defence under Giuseppe Conte’s (first) cabinet (June 2018-August 2019). Relying upon secondary and primary sources (semi-structured interviews with ministers, MPs, diplomats, experts, etc.), we contribute to the literature on the impact of populist parties on migration and defence policies once in office, advancing the hypothesis of a ‘salience-constraints’ balance.","PeriodicalId":37572,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Italian Politics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46632825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-14DOI: 10.1080/23248823.2022.2100592
C. Baccetti, Paola Bordandini, R. Mulé
ABSTRACT This article aims to explore why the ‘demolition’ of values promoted by Matteo Renzi had profoundly different effects on the factions within the Partito Democratico (Democratic Party, PD). While several studies have examined the PD’s political culture, few have investigated the changing attitudes of its factions. We help fill this gap in the literature by analysing the PD’s intraparty divisions on the main dimensions of party competition in the new millennium. We draw inspiration from the theory of party change, arguing that changes in a party’s dominant coalition craft a new party image. Based on a unique dataset from PD delegates to national assemblies, this article offers new empirical evidence on intraparty cohesion. Our multivariate analysis offers fresh evidence that under Renzi intraparty divisions on economic issues widened, while cohesion on ethical issues increased. Our work indicates that opening the black box of party politics sheds light on new party images.
{"title":"The belief system of the Italian Democratic Party: before, during, and after Renzi","authors":"C. Baccetti, Paola Bordandini, R. Mulé","doi":"10.1080/23248823.2022.2100592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23248823.2022.2100592","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article aims to explore why the ‘demolition’ of values promoted by Matteo Renzi had profoundly different effects on the factions within the Partito Democratico (Democratic Party, PD). While several studies have examined the PD’s political culture, few have investigated the changing attitudes of its factions. We help fill this gap in the literature by analysing the PD’s intraparty divisions on the main dimensions of party competition in the new millennium. We draw inspiration from the theory of party change, arguing that changes in a party’s dominant coalition craft a new party image. Based on a unique dataset from PD delegates to national assemblies, this article offers new empirical evidence on intraparty cohesion. Our multivariate analysis offers fresh evidence that under Renzi intraparty divisions on economic issues widened, while cohesion on ethical issues increased. Our work indicates that opening the black box of party politics sheds light on new party images.","PeriodicalId":37572,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Italian Politics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43938512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-12DOI: 10.1080/23248823.2022.2099239
Mirko Crulli
ABSTRACT The Italian populist party, the Movimento Cinque Stelle (Five-star Movement, M5s), has experienced significant organizational changes, each of which has marked a different phase of its development. We can identify four phases: the gestation phase (2009–2012); its entry into Parliament (2012–2017); the first experience of government (2017–2019); the transformation into a ‘state-centred’ party struggling with endless organizational restyling (2019-ongoing). The academic literature linking populism to party organization is still scarce, as scholars have mainly focused on other questions (e.g. the different approaches to defining populism, its socio-political roots, its regional paths, its communication style), or have studied ideology and party organization separately. This contribution aims at bridging the gap by investigating the organizational evolution of the M5s. Using the theoretical framework of the ‘three faces’ of party organization, and drawing on a qualitative analysis of the party’s official documents, it identifies the actors representing each of the three faces during the different phases of evolution of the M5s and examines the power relations between them. The findings highlight that the M5s is distinct from other contemporary parties, as it has continued to be dominated by the party in central office despite its institutionalization and ‘occupation’ of the State. This organizational distinctiveness can be related to its populist ideological underpinnings.
{"title":"The three faces of a populist party: insights into the organizational evolution of the Five-star Movement","authors":"Mirko Crulli","doi":"10.1080/23248823.2022.2099239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23248823.2022.2099239","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Italian populist party, the Movimento Cinque Stelle (Five-star Movement, M5s), has experienced significant organizational changes, each of which has marked a different phase of its development. We can identify four phases: the gestation phase (2009–2012); its entry into Parliament (2012–2017); the first experience of government (2017–2019); the transformation into a ‘state-centred’ party struggling with endless organizational restyling (2019-ongoing). The academic literature linking populism to party organization is still scarce, as scholars have mainly focused on other questions (e.g. the different approaches to defining populism, its socio-political roots, its regional paths, its communication style), or have studied ideology and party organization separately. This contribution aims at bridging the gap by investigating the organizational evolution of the M5s. Using the theoretical framework of the ‘three faces’ of party organization, and drawing on a qualitative analysis of the party’s official documents, it identifies the actors representing each of the three faces during the different phases of evolution of the M5s and examines the power relations between them. The findings highlight that the M5s is distinct from other contemporary parties, as it has continued to be dominated by the party in central office despite its institutionalization and ‘occupation’ of the State. This organizational distinctiveness can be related to its populist ideological underpinnings.","PeriodicalId":37572,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Italian Politics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42277335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/23248823.2022.2040098
{"title":"Notice of duplicate publication: Which organization for which party? An organizational analysis of the five-star movement","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/23248823.2022.2040098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23248823.2022.2040098","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37572,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Italian Politics","volume":"14 1","pages":"x - x"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43041438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/23248823.2022.2097856
James L. Newell
{"title":"A gathering storm on the horizon: Italian politics in the summer of 2022","authors":"James L. Newell","doi":"10.1080/23248823.2022.2097856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23248823.2022.2097856","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37572,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Italian Politics","volume":"14 1","pages":"289 - 292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43020771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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