This article discusses two lesser known proponents of animal rights in early eighteenth-century Northern Europe. In Sweden, Johan Upmarck argued for an “analogy” of rights of animals in 1714. German scholar Immanuel Proeleus proposed a set of animal rights and human duties towards animals in 1709. Both authors place restrictions on these rights. In the case of Upmarck, the rights are described through the notion of an “analogy”. The rights of animals are only rights in an improper sense, and not comparable to the rights humans have. In the case of Proeleus, animal rights are placed on a foundational level, as a category of rights that are common to both men and other animals. This gives them a stronger position than is the case in Upmarck’s argument, but animal rights are in the final analysis nonetheless relegated to a subordinate status. However, Proeleus goes much further in detailing the exact nature of the rights of animals and the duties of humans to care for and protect them, although Upmarck also delineates what constitutes “illicit cruelty” towards animals and discusses their experience of suffering.
{"title":"'Ihre defension zu führen'","authors":"Andreas Hellerstedt","doi":"10.7557/4.6545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/4.6545","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses two lesser known proponents of animal rights in early eighteenth-century Northern Europe. In Sweden, Johan Upmarck argued for an “analogy” of rights of animals in 1714. German scholar Immanuel Proeleus proposed a set of animal rights and human duties towards animals in 1709.\u0000Both authors place restrictions on these rights. In the case of Upmarck, the rights are described through the notion of an “analogy”. The rights of animals are only rights in an improper sense, and not comparable to the rights humans have. In the case of Proeleus, animal rights are placed on a foundational level, as a category of rights that are common to both men and other animals. This gives them a stronger position than is the case in Upmarck’s argument, but animal rights are in the final analysis nonetheless relegated to a subordinate status. However, Proeleus goes much further in detailing the exact nature of the rights of animals and the duties of humans to care for and protect them, although Upmarck also delineates what constitutes “illicit cruelty” towards animals and discusses their experience of suffering.","PeriodicalId":37573,"journal":{"name":"Sjuttonhundratal","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79443975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anita Wiklund Norli & Anne Svånaug Blengsdalen (red.),Greven og hans undersåtter. Makt og avmakt gjennom 150 år (Novus forlag: Oslo, 2021). 313 s.","authors":"Harald Gustafsson","doi":"10.7557/4.6601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/4.6601","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37573,"journal":{"name":"Sjuttonhundratal","volume":"106 31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72653647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tobias Osvald, Stadens gränsplatser: Kungliga Poliskammaren och vardagens omstridda rum i Stockholm, 1776–1835 (Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2022). 336 s.","authors":"Maja Bondestam","doi":"10.7557/4.6593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/4.6593","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37573,"journal":{"name":"Sjuttonhundratal","volume":"87 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81228054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Summary and reflections on the ”Linnaeus debate” in Sweden 2020/2021","authors":"Annika Windahl Pontén","doi":"10.7557/4.5909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/4.5909","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37573,"journal":{"name":"Sjuttonhundratal","volume":"93 12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87657857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Charlotte Bellamy, Les professionnels de bouche français dans la Suède gustavienne, 1750–1820 (Florence: European University Institute, 2020). 571 pp.","authors":"C. Wolff","doi":"10.7557/4.5891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/4.5891","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37573,"journal":{"name":"Sjuttonhundratal","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90206897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francisca Hoyer’s thesis is a welcome addition to our understanding of early global processes on a micro level. Basing her investigation on twenty-seven archives and a vast secondary literature, she successfully analyses the familial relations of a category of world travelers who are not unknown to previous historiography but have frequently been overlooked. These are the hundreds of thousands of Germans who signed up with the leading East Indies trading companies, the Dutch VOC and the English EIC, in the early modern era. Many of them came to an early death in the plantations of Sumatra, the malaria-infested quarters of Batavia, or the cramped company ships which took more than half-a-year to reach their Asian destinations. Those who survived maintained connections to their Central European backgrounds and forged new connections in their new environment. Unmarried sailors, soldiers, artisans, and other company employees would find wives and mistresses, mostly but not exclusively Asian and Eurasian women, and consequently sire children whose status was largely contingent on skin colour. They might also go to great length to maintain contacts with their distant kin in Brandenburg, Saxony or Mecklenburg, though the exchange of letters demanded years of patient waiting. Conversely, the families back in Germany were often anxious for news about relatives who had become Ostindienfahrer, not least when there were issues of inheritance at stake. It is in this context that Hoyer analyses the nexus of family and empire, a history that is both social and global. Several German historians
{"title":"Francisca Hoyer, Relations of Absence: Germans in the East Indies and Their Families c. 1750–1820 (Uppsala: Acta Historica Upsaliensia, 2020). 370 pp.","authors":"Hans Hägerdal","doi":"10.7557/4.5877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/4.5877","url":null,"abstract":"Francisca Hoyer’s thesis is a welcome addition to our understanding of early global processes on a micro level. Basing her investigation on twenty-seven archives and a vast secondary literature, she successfully analyses the familial relations of a category of world travelers who are not unknown to previous historiography but have frequently been overlooked. These are the hundreds of thousands of Germans who signed up with the leading East Indies trading companies, the Dutch VOC and the English EIC, in the early modern era. Many of them came to an early death in the plantations of Sumatra, the malaria-infested quarters of Batavia, or the cramped company ships which took more than half-a-year to reach their Asian destinations. Those who survived maintained connections to their Central European backgrounds and forged new connections in their new environment. Unmarried sailors, soldiers, artisans, and other company employees would find wives and mistresses, mostly but not exclusively Asian and Eurasian women, and consequently sire children whose status was largely contingent on skin colour. They might also go to great length to maintain contacts with their distant kin in Brandenburg, Saxony or Mecklenburg, though the exchange of letters demanded years of patient waiting. Conversely, the families back in Germany were often anxious for news about relatives who had become Ostindienfahrer, not least when there were issues of inheritance at stake. It is in this context that Hoyer analyses the nexus of family and empire, a history that is both social and global. Several German historians","PeriodicalId":37573,"journal":{"name":"Sjuttonhundratal","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78493215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Per Pippin Aspaas & László Kontler, Maximilian Hell (1720–92) and the Ends of Jesuit Science in Enlightenment Europe (Leiden: Brill, 2019). 477 pp.","authors":"G. Ellingsen","doi":"10.7557/4.5897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/4.5897","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37573,"journal":{"name":"Sjuttonhundratal","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84773803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
För var och en som i sin forskning har kommit in på det svenska hovet är Fabian Persson inte bara bekant, utan djupt avhållen. Med sin avhandling Servants of Fortune: The Swedish Court between 1598 and 1721 (1999) var han länge en tämligen ensam representant för en modernare svensk hovforskning, och en lika oundgänglig som tacksam referens för ett brett spektrum av humanistiska forskare ifråga om hovet i det tidigmoderna Sverige. Lika frustrerande har det för mången 1700-talsforskare varit att Persson gjorde halt vid den karolinska tidens slut. Jag hör till dem som ivrigt har väntat på fortsättningen – på att Persson skulle ta steget in i det fortsatta 1700-talet, med frihetstidens och den gustavianska periodens hov. Nu har han gjort det. Och mer därtill. Persson är tillbaka med besked, och utsträcker sin analys från den frihetstid där han först gjorde halt, hela vägen fram till 1930-talet. Framställningen drivs av en förståelse av det svenska hovet som ryms i titeln: «survival» och «revival» avser monarkin, och hovet blir den arena där denna överlevnad och denna förnyelse utspelas. För Persson blir hovet skärningspunkten i en svensk modell där kungamakt och en adlig maktelit ingick i en symbios. Denna symbios upprätthöll i förlängningen monarkin i ett Europa av politiska stormar och monarkiers hårda fall. Detta är en lika stor som tankeväckande historia, som jag finner inspirerande då den – i Perssons framställning, men också i en förlängd analys i läsarens, alltså mina, egna reflektioner – förmår ge en förklarande kontext till enskilda händelser och större förlopp.
{"title":"Fabian Persson, Survival and Revival in Sweden’s Court and Monarchy, 1718‒1930 (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2020). 349 pp.","authors":"Mikael Alm","doi":"10.7557/4.5868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/4.5868","url":null,"abstract":"För var och en som i sin forskning har kommit in på det svenska hovet är Fabian Persson inte bara bekant, utan djupt avhållen. Med sin avhandling Servants of Fortune: The Swedish Court between 1598 and 1721 (1999) var han länge en tämligen ensam representant för en modernare svensk hovforskning, och en lika oundgänglig som tacksam referens för ett brett spektrum av humanistiska forskare ifråga om hovet i det tidigmoderna Sverige. Lika frustrerande har det för mången 1700-talsforskare varit att Persson gjorde halt vid den karolinska tidens slut. Jag hör till dem som ivrigt har väntat på fortsättningen – på att Persson skulle ta steget in i det fortsatta 1700-talet, med frihetstidens och den gustavianska periodens hov. Nu har han gjort det. Och mer därtill. Persson är tillbaka med besked, och utsträcker sin analys från den frihetstid där han först gjorde halt, hela vägen fram till 1930-talet. Framställningen drivs av en förståelse av det svenska hovet som ryms i titeln: «survival» och «revival» avser monarkin, och hovet blir den arena där denna överlevnad och denna förnyelse utspelas. För Persson blir hovet skärningspunkten i en svensk modell där kungamakt och en adlig maktelit ingick i en symbios. Denna symbios upprätthöll i förlängningen monarkin i ett Europa av politiska stormar och monarkiers hårda fall. Detta är en lika stor som tankeväckande historia, som jag finner inspirerande då den – i Perssons framställning, men också i en förlängd analys i läsarens, alltså mina, egna reflektioner – förmår ge en förklarande kontext till enskilda händelser och större förlopp.","PeriodicalId":37573,"journal":{"name":"Sjuttonhundratal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76042662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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