{"title":"Bent Holm, Ludvig Holberg, a Danish Playwright on the European Stage: Masquerade, Comedy, Satire, oversat fra dansk af Gaye Kynoch (Hollitzer Verlag, 2018). 265 s.","authors":"Jens Bjerring-Hansen","doi":"10.7557/4.5823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/4.5823","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37573,"journal":{"name":"Sjuttonhundratal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89829788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Erla Dóris Halldórsdóttir, Óhreinu börnin hennar Evu: Holdsveiki í Noregi og á Íslandi [Eve’s Unclean Children: Leprosy in Iceland and Norway] (Reykjavík: Ugla, 2020). 416 pp.","authors":"Helga Hlín Bjarnadóttir","doi":"10.7557/4.5896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/4.5896","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37573,"journal":{"name":"Sjuttonhundratal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88566637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Jacqueline Eales & Beverly Tjerngren (eds.), The Social Life of the Early Modern Protestant Clergy, Special issue of The Journal of Religious History, Literature and Culture, 6:2 (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2020). 120 pp.","authors":"Erik Sidenvall","doi":"10.7557/4.5818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/4.5818","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37573,"journal":{"name":"Sjuttonhundratal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74568241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Contested legacies of early modern colonialism in Norway","authors":"Thomas Ewen Daltveit Slettebø","doi":"10.7557/4.5908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/4.5908","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37573,"journal":{"name":"Sjuttonhundratal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79084692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Archaeological concepts of prehistory and the Stone Age are rooted in nineteenth-century scientific discoveries, which extended the human past much further back in time than was previously thought. Without this deep past, the disciplines of archaeology and history would not be what they are today. However, when the division of prehistory into the ages of stone, bronze, and iron was introduced in 1836, it was already an old idea. Stone Age artefacts and the initial phase of human history were discussed in the eighteenth-century academic world, even though the periodisation of history was constructed differently. In the philosophy of the Enlightenment several ideas surfaced which were essential to the formation of archaeology as a scientific practice, and which still affect the way the prehistoric past is imagined. This article examines the concept of a prehistoric, furthest past in Finnish scientific texts, within the framework of eighteenth-century Swedish traditions of science and historiography. How did the scholars in the Academy of Turku view Stone Age artefacts that had a multi-faceted nature in the antiquarian tradition? In what way did their visions of the earliest phase of the Nordic past set up later nationalistic narratives about prehistory?
{"title":"Eighteenth-century visions of the Stone Age","authors":"Liisa Kunnas-Pusa","doi":"10.7557/4.5905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/4.5905","url":null,"abstract":"Archaeological concepts of prehistory and the Stone Age are rooted in nineteenth-century scientific discoveries, which extended the human past much further back in time than was previously thought. Without this deep past, the disciplines of archaeology and history would not be what they are today. However, when the division of prehistory into the ages of stone, bronze, and iron was introduced in 1836, it was already an old idea. Stone Age artefacts and the initial phase of human history were discussed in the eighteenth-century academic world, even though the periodisation of history was constructed differently. In the philosophy of the Enlightenment several ideas surfaced which were essential to the formation of archaeology as a scientific practice, and which still affect the way the prehistoric past is imagined. This article examines the concept of a prehistoric, furthest past in Finnish scientific texts, within the framework of eighteenth-century Swedish traditions of science and historiography. How did the scholars in the Academy of Turku view Stone Age artefacts that had a multi-faceted nature in the antiquarian tradition? In what way did their visions of the earliest phase of the Nordic past set up later nationalistic narratives about prehistory?","PeriodicalId":37573,"journal":{"name":"Sjuttonhundratal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87124137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines peasants’ goals and means of negotiation in the reallocation of land or enclosure reform called storskifte in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century in Southwest Finland. It stresses the agency of peasants and their actions in the quest for best practices. The study is based on the meeting minutes of the storskifte reform of 230 villages with mainly freeholders or crown tenants as stakeholders. This article shows how peasants balanced between individualism and collectivism in their decision making because their goals were opposite. They aimed to increase the freedom of work and decision making in the household economy. At the same time, the cooperation with neighbours was an important method of decreasing the workload and costs of farming. Sources indicate that peasants made agreements with each other so they could combine both goals. They achieved independence as farmers as well as low costs by combining consolidation of land with mutual agreements about cooperation in specific issues, but they allowed each other to do individual decisions, too. This kind of flexible solution-seeking behaviour provides a new perspective on the discussion about peasants and agricultural change.
{"title":"Böndernas agerande inför och anpassning till storskiftet i sydvästra Finland","authors":"Kirsi Laine","doi":"10.7557/4.5906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/4.5906","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines peasants’ goals and means of negotiation in the reallocation of land or enclosure reform called storskifte in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century in Southwest Finland. It stresses the agency of peasants and their actions in the quest for best practices. The study is based on the meeting minutes of the storskifte reform of 230 villages with mainly freeholders or crown tenants as stakeholders. This article shows how peasants balanced between individualism and collectivism in their decision making because their goals were opposite. They aimed to increase the freedom of work and decision making in the household economy. At the same time, the cooperation with neighbours was an important method of decreasing the workload and costs of farming. Sources indicate that peasants made agreements with each other so they could combine both goals. They achieved independence as farmers as well as low costs by combining consolidation of land with mutual agreements about cooperation in specific issues, but they allowed each other to do individual decisions, too. This kind of flexible solution-seeking behaviour provides a new perspective on the discussion about peasants and agricultural change.","PeriodicalId":37573,"journal":{"name":"Sjuttonhundratal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79357242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Joseph M. Adelman, Revolutionary Networks: The Business and Politics of Printing the News 1763–1789 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2019). 255 pp.","authors":"J. Nordin","doi":"10.7557/4.5901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/4.5901","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37573,"journal":{"name":"Sjuttonhundratal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83567312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article investigates how and why the Danish philosopher Frederik Christian Eilschov in Forsøg til en Fruentimmer-Philosophie as one of the first scientists in Denmark uses fictionality as a rhetorical strategy to communicate science. I argue that Eilschov uses both global and local fictionality to transfer scientific content from a male, Latin and scientific public to a female, Danish and literary public by mimicking rhetorical strategies prevalent in the female public. The reason for his changing rhetoric is that it among other things allows the readers to identify with a woman philosopher and presents a certain knowledge praxis and culture. In addition, Eilschov also thinks women have greater imagination and therefore are conditioned to other rhetorical strategies than men. Though Eilschov has been acknowledged as one of the more influential rationalists in Denmark during the 18thcentury as well as an important language puritan his role as one of the first scientists in Denmark that introduces fictionality as a rhetorical strategy to communicate science has been underemphasized. This article aims to change that.
本文探讨了丹麦哲学家Frederik Christian Eilschov作为丹麦最早的科学家之一，在《forsig til en Fruentimmer-Philosophie》一书中如何以及为什么使用虚构作为一种修辞策略来交流科学。我认为，通过模仿女性公众中流行的修辞策略，埃尔斯科夫使用了全球和当地的虚构性，将科学内容从男性，拉丁和科学公众转移到女性，丹麦和文学公众。他的修辞学之所以发生变化，除了其他原因外，还能让读者认同一位女哲学家，并呈现出一定的知识实践和文化。此外，埃尔斯科夫还认为，女性比男性有更大的想象力，因此更习惯于其他修辞策略。虽然埃尔舍夫被认为是18世纪丹麦最有影响力的理性主义者之一，也是一位重要的语言清教主义者，但他作为丹麦第一批引入虚构作为一种修辞策略来交流科学的科学家之一，其作用却被低估了。本文旨在改变这种状况。
{"title":"Fiktionalitet i F.C. Eilschovs Forsøg til en Fruentimmer-Philosophie","authors":"Valdemar Nielsen Pold","doi":"10.7557/4.5741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/4.5741","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates how and why the Danish philosopher Frederik Christian Eilschov in Forsøg til en Fruentimmer-Philosophie as one of the first scientists in Denmark uses fictionality as a rhetorical strategy to communicate science. I argue that Eilschov uses both global and local fictionality to transfer scientific content from a male, Latin and scientific public to a female, Danish and literary public by mimicking rhetorical strategies prevalent in the female public. The reason for his changing rhetoric is that it among other things allows the readers to identify with a woman philosopher and presents a certain knowledge praxis and culture. In addition, Eilschov also thinks women have greater imagination and therefore are conditioned to other rhetorical strategies than men. Though Eilschov has been acknowledged as one of the more influential rationalists in Denmark during the 18thcentury as well as an important language puritan his role as one of the first scientists in Denmark that introduces fictionality as a rhetorical strategy to communicate science has been underemphasized. This article aims to change that.","PeriodicalId":37573,"journal":{"name":"Sjuttonhundratal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90272744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Kirsi Laine, Maatalous, isojako ja talonpoikainen päätöksenteko Lounais-Suomessa 1750–1850 [Agriculture, enclosure and the decision making of peasants in Sounth-West Finland 1750–1850] (Loimaa: Suomen maatalousmuseo Sarka, 2020). 394 pp.","authors":"Petri Talvitie","doi":"10.7557/4.5880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/4.5880","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37573,"journal":{"name":"Sjuttonhundratal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87437583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Doris Ottesen og Carsten Bach-Nielsen, Vestindiske spor: Dansk Vestindien i den koloniale og efterkoloniale litteraturhistorie (Odense Syddansk Universitetsforlag, 2020). 338 pp.","authors":"Lis Norup","doi":"10.7557/4.5801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/4.5801","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37573,"journal":{"name":"Sjuttonhundratal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78773464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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