Gastronomy tourism embraces a wide range of gastronomic opportunities for tourists while contributing to sustainability, rural development and the protection of culinary heritage. It diversifies and revitalizes tourism as an essential element and emerging segment of the tourism industry. However, there is a scarcity of research on the subject in the context of travel agencies. The purpose of this research is to determine whether travel agencies in İzmir use culinary elements and gastronomic sources as themes in their tour packages to highlight the gastronomy tourism potential of the city, along with how a better development can be achieved. Thus, the contribution of this study is threefold. First, travel agencies in downtown İzmir were surveyed in terms of their actual gastronomy tourism product offers and future plans to create one. The survey results revealed that gastronomy was not promoted as a principal theme due to a lack of awareness of potential local and regional culinary sources. Second, experts in the gastronomy and tourism industries were contacted using purposive sampling. Their opinions were collected to create a list of places, products and activities that could be included in a gastronomy tour package. Third, an example tour program was created based on expert opinions along with the author’s contribution.
{"title":"TRAVEL AGENCIES’ CONTRIBUTION TO GASTRONOMY TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN IZMIR AND AN EXAMPLE GASTRONOMY TOUR PROGRAM BASED ON EXPERT OPINIONS","authors":"Feray Yentür, Cengiz Demi̇r","doi":"10.48119/toleho.1175826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48119/toleho.1175826","url":null,"abstract":"Gastronomy tourism embraces a wide range of gastronomic opportunities for tourists while contributing to sustainability, rural development and the protection of culinary heritage. It diversifies and revitalizes tourism as an essential element and emerging segment of the tourism industry. However, there is a scarcity of research on the subject in the context of travel agencies. The purpose of this research is to determine whether travel agencies in İzmir use culinary elements and gastronomic sources as themes in their tour packages to highlight the gastronomy tourism potential of the city, along with how a better development can be achieved. Thus, the contribution of this study is threefold. First, travel agencies in downtown İzmir were surveyed in terms of their actual gastronomy tourism product offers and future plans to create one. The survey results revealed that gastronomy was not promoted as a principal theme due to a lack of awareness of potential local and regional culinary sources. Second, experts in the gastronomy and tourism industries were contacted using purposive sampling. Their opinions were collected to create a list of places, products and activities that could be included in a gastronomy tour package. Third, an example tour program was created based on expert opinions along with the author’s contribution.","PeriodicalId":37588,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78831273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eating out is more essential than ever before in social life. Consumers are considering food as well as the other factors when preferring restaurants. In this particular study, Conjoint Analysis was used to determine the restaurant preferences of Generation Z who are supposed to be the largest consumer group of the future. A pre-test was addressed to 21 participants about 10 restaurant evaluation factors of the Taband scale (Sezgin, 2022), and the first three factors that were ranked the most importance were selected for the research. Finally, the first three factors that emerged as price/quality/location, food and atmosphere including 12 variables were presented to 172 Generation Z participants with 25 experimental design cards. The data obtained were evaluated with the Conjoint Analysis method and the benefit coefficients related to the factors were defined comparatively between the groups. According to the results of the study, although there are differences in the second and third preferences and rates of the groups, the atmosphere factor has always emerged as the first preference of the Generation Z.
{"title":"PRIORITIES OF CONSUMERS FOR RESTAURANT PREFERENCES: A CONJOINT ANALYSIS STUDY ON GENERATION Z","authors":"Erkan Sezgin, Beyza Uyanik","doi":"10.48119/toleho.1187392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48119/toleho.1187392","url":null,"abstract":"Eating out is more essential than ever before in social life. Consumers are considering food as well as the other factors when preferring restaurants. In this particular study, Conjoint Analysis was used to determine the restaurant preferences of Generation Z who are supposed to be the largest consumer group of the future. A pre-test was addressed to 21 participants about 10 restaurant evaluation factors of the Taband scale (Sezgin, 2022), and the first three factors that were ranked the most importance were selected for the research. Finally, the first three factors that emerged as price/quality/location, food and atmosphere including 12 variables were presented to 172 Generation Z participants with 25 experimental design cards. The data obtained were evaluated with the Conjoint Analysis method and the benefit coefficients related to the factors were defined comparatively between the groups. According to the results of the study, although there are differences in the second and third preferences and rates of the groups, the atmosphere factor has always emerged as the first preference of the Generation Z.","PeriodicalId":37588,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91328402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We believe that travel, which is perhaps the most important element of tourism, should be questioned with the concept of utopia further. Associating the concept of utopia with travel will close a gap or lead to a new discussion. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between travel and utopia in this paper. Following the philosophical basis of the concept of utopia, we have determined its equivalent in tourism literature as the transformation of utopian thought into travel. In this context, we held discussions within the scope of travelers who prefer more independent and longer travels than tourists. We realized that the aims of the travelers who set out to their own utopian spaces, transform being on the road rather than arriving at these spaces. Focusing on these utopian travels, we adopt the hermeneutic paradigm in the paper. Hence, we propose a model by examining travels with utopian ideas by sociological and psychological discussions. The prominent concepts in this model were social life-utopia and escape-approach. Eventually, we mentioned related discussions and gave suggestions for future studies.
{"title":"Seek for Utopia or Utopian Travels","authors":"Serhat Bingöl, Serhat Aydin","doi":"10.48119/toleho.1089860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48119/toleho.1089860","url":null,"abstract":"We believe that travel, which is perhaps the most important element of tourism, should be questioned with the concept of utopia further. Associating the concept of utopia with travel will close a gap or lead to a new discussion. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between travel and utopia in this paper. Following the philosophical basis of the concept of utopia, we have determined its equivalent in tourism literature as the transformation of utopian thought into travel. In this context, we held discussions within the scope of travelers who prefer more independent and longer travels than tourists. We realized that the aims of the travelers who set out to their own utopian spaces, transform being on the road rather than arriving at these spaces. Focusing on these utopian travels, we adopt the hermeneutic paradigm in the paper. Hence, we propose a model by examining travels with utopian ideas by sociological and psychological discussions. The prominent concepts in this model were social life-utopia and escape-approach. Eventually, we mentioned related discussions and gave suggestions for future studies.","PeriodicalId":37588,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78669112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
COVID-19 has affected sport events, marathons, and trail-running events. Thus, it has become essential to understand the attitudes and intentions of runners, regarding their participation in the races. Therefore, this study aims to examine the changes in runners’ attitudes relating to their decision whether to participate in races, and changes in their habits because of the pandemic. Employing a qualitative research design, data were collected from 12 interviewees in Ephesus Ultra Marathon Trail Race, and by using participatory observation method. The results revealed that the participants’ motivations for participating in race events during the pandemic were socialization, healthy living, realizing their goals, and maintaining friendships. Despite the risks, the participants did not hesitate to participate in events for their belief in athlete immunity, confidence in individual precautions, their respect for the rules and the absence of fear. However, the decrease in the number of activities was found to create dissatisfaction, as it limited socialization.
{"title":"SPORT EVENTS AND COVID-19: TRAIL RUNNERS’ ATTITUDES AND INTENTIONS DURING THE PANDEMIC","authors":"Aypar Satı, Settar Ugur Kurt, Necmiye Nida Özgen","doi":"10.48119/toleho.1155749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48119/toleho.1155749","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 has affected sport events, marathons, and trail-running events. Thus, it has become essential to understand the attitudes and intentions of runners, regarding their participation in the races. Therefore, this study aims to examine the changes in runners’ attitudes relating to their decision whether to participate in races, and changes in their habits because of the pandemic. Employing a qualitative research design, data were collected from 12 interviewees in Ephesus Ultra Marathon Trail Race, and by using participatory observation method. The results revealed that the participants’ motivations for participating in race events during the pandemic were socialization, healthy living, realizing their goals, and maintaining friendships. Despite the risks, the participants did not hesitate to participate in events for their belief in athlete immunity, confidence in individual precautions, their respect for the rules and the absence of fear. However, the decrease in the number of activities was found to create dissatisfaction, as it limited socialization.","PeriodicalId":37588,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76082410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main purpose of the study is to determine the relationship between tourism growth, economic growth, and firm performance. Within the scope of the study, the quarterly dataset over the period 2009-2020 was used. The study was conducted for the FBI, which is the second largest sub-sector of the tourism industry. Within the scope of the study, return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) are used as firm performance indicators, gross domestic product (GDP) as the economic growth indicator, whereas the number of tourist arrivals (NTA) and tourism expenditure (TEX) variables as tourism growth indicators. In line with the purpose of the study, the Toda-Yamamoto Causality Test was performed in the analysis part. According to the analysis results, it was determined that a significant relationship existed between tourism growth and firm performance, as well as between economic growth and firm performance. Consequently, it was possible to claim that tourism growth and economic growth had a significant impact on firm performance.
{"title":"The Causal Relationship of Tourism Growth, Economic Growth, and Firm Performance: An Analysis of the Food and Beverage Industry","authors":"M. O. Ilban, Mehmet Tahsin Li̇celi̇","doi":"10.48119/toleho.1173937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48119/toleho.1173937","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of the study is to determine the relationship between tourism growth, economic growth, and firm performance. Within the scope of the study, the quarterly dataset over the period 2009-2020 was used. The study was conducted for the FBI, which is the second largest sub-sector of the tourism industry. Within the scope of the study, return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) are used as firm performance indicators, gross domestic product (GDP) as the economic growth indicator, whereas the number of tourist arrivals (NTA) and tourism expenditure (TEX) variables as tourism growth indicators. In line with the purpose of the study, the Toda-Yamamoto Causality Test was performed in the analysis part. According to the analysis results, it was determined that a significant relationship existed between tourism growth and firm performance, as well as between economic growth and firm performance. Consequently, it was possible to claim that tourism growth and economic growth had a significant impact on firm performance.","PeriodicalId":37588,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82925601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Covid-19 outbreak, which emerged in December 2019, deeply affected the economies. During the Covid-19 outbreak, there was a significant decline in restaurant revenues, foreign currency inflows and employment. The outbreak has caused radical changes in lifestyles and consumer behaviors. The universe considered in this study comprised users who ate at Safe Tourism Certified restaurants in Turkey and commented on the Tripadvisor website. In this study, the content analysis method, which is used in qualitative research methodologies, was applied. In this context, a total of 922 reviews for 98 Safe Tourism Certified restaurants on the Tripadvisor website between 11 March 2020 and 20 April 2022 were examined with the help of Nvivo 12 program. It was determined that 80.6% of the customer comments were positive. The most emphasized factors in the comments were taste, price, attitude and behavior of the employee, view, food and beverage quality, cleanliness, punctuality, employee care and Covid-19 security measures. According to the findings, suggestions for the sector and future research were presented.
{"title":"CONTENT ANALYSIS OF TRIPADVISOR REVIEWS ON SAFE TOURISM CERTIFIED RESTAURANTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC","authors":"Eylem Taşdağitici, M. Tuna","doi":"10.48119/toleho.1135370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48119/toleho.1135370","url":null,"abstract":"Covid-19 outbreak, which emerged in December 2019, deeply affected the economies. During the Covid-19 outbreak, there was a significant decline in restaurant revenues, foreign currency inflows and employment. The outbreak has caused radical changes in lifestyles and consumer behaviors. The universe considered in this study comprised users who ate at Safe Tourism Certified restaurants in Turkey and commented on the Tripadvisor website. In this study, the content analysis method, which is used in qualitative research methodologies, was applied. In this context, a total of 922 reviews for 98 Safe Tourism Certified restaurants on the Tripadvisor website between 11 March 2020 and 20 April 2022 were examined with the help of Nvivo 12 program. It was determined that 80.6% of the customer comments were positive. The most emphasized factors in the comments were taste, price, attitude and behavior of the employee, view, food and beverage quality, cleanliness, punctuality, employee care and Covid-19 security measures. According to the findings, suggestions for the sector and future research were presented.","PeriodicalId":37588,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74484183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of the study is to determine the effect of cultural intelligence levels of hotel employees on conflict management styles, correspondingly, to study the effects of cultural intelligence and conflict management styles on career satisfaction of hotel employees. In the study, conflicts between employees and guests were examined. The target population of the study is the employees working in 5-star hotel businesses in Turkey. Findings showed that the cultural knowledge affects problem solving positively; forcing, avoiding and career satisfaction negatively; cultural ability affects avoiding positively; problem solving negatively, in addition, cultural metacognition affects compromising, yielding, problem solving, avoiding and career satisfaction positively. It was also found that compromising affects career satisfaction in a positive way. It is thought that the results obtained from the study can provide important information concerning cultural intelligence, conflict management styles and career satisfaction to the owners, managers and employees of the hospitality industry and academicians working in this field. Due to the fact that there are limited studies on these issues in the international tourism literature; it is considered that the study is important as it is possible that it can contribute to the literature and new studies.
{"title":"THE RELATION AMONG HOTEL EMPLOYEES' CULTURAL INTELLIGENCE LEVELS, CONFLICT MANAGEMENT STYLES, AND CAREER SATISFACTION","authors":"Sabahat Ceylin ŞANLI KAYRAN, Kamil Unur","doi":"10.48119/toleho.1107100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48119/toleho.1107100","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study is to determine the effect of cultural intelligence levels of hotel employees on conflict management styles, correspondingly, to study the effects of cultural intelligence and conflict management styles on career satisfaction of hotel employees. In the study, conflicts between employees and guests were examined. The target population of the study is the employees working in 5-star hotel businesses in Turkey. Findings showed that the cultural knowledge affects problem solving positively; forcing, avoiding and career satisfaction negatively; cultural ability affects avoiding positively; problem solving negatively, in addition, cultural metacognition affects compromising, yielding, problem solving, avoiding and career satisfaction positively. It was also found that compromising affects career satisfaction in a positive way. It is thought that the results obtained from the study can provide important information concerning cultural intelligence, conflict management styles and career satisfaction to the owners, managers and employees of the hospitality industry and academicians working in this field. Due to the fact that there are limited studies on these issues in the international tourism literature; it is considered that the study is important as it is possible that it can contribute to the literature and new studies.","PeriodicalId":37588,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86994036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nascar and tourism : Analyses based on a scoping review of the literature","authors":"R. Roult","doi":"10.48119/toleho.1101916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48119/toleho.1101916","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37588,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91082325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-28DOI: 10.46222/ajhtl.19770720.207
C. Rogerson, J. Rogerson
The impacts of COVID-19 for cities are generating an extensive international scholarship. This study contributes to the literature on the ramifications of urban tourism. The research is an assessment of what might be termed the early stage or ‘first round’ of the impacts of COVID-19. Using the IHS Global Insight local tourism base for South Africa the study analyses COVID-19 impacts during 2020 for the country’s eight metropolitan areas. It reveals the pandemic’s devastating impacts for tourism flows and correspondingly the diminished role of tourism in urban economies. An important finding is that South Africa’s metropolitan areas experienced a greater proportionate decline in tourism than the recorded national rate of decline. The consequence is a reduction during 2020 in the relative share of metropolitan areas in the South African tourism economy. This implies a reversal of established trends towards polarization and increasing city dominance that have been observed over the previous 20 years. The major burden of the collapse of urban tourism has fallen upon the five largest metropolitan areas which have been severely impacted by government regulations to halt the pandemic and resultant changes in consumer preferences for travel.
COVID-19对城市的影响正在产生广泛的国际奖学金。本研究对城市旅游的影响文献有所贡献。这项研究是对COVID-19可能被称为早期阶段或“第一轮”影响的评估。该研究利用IHS Global Insight南非当地旅游基地分析了2020年COVID-19对该国八个大都市地区的影响。它揭示了这一流行病对旅游流量的破坏性影响，并相应地削弱了旅游业在城市经济中的作用。一个重要的发现是，南非大都市地区旅游业的比例下降比全国记录的下降率更大。其结果是，在2020年期间，大都市地区在南非旅游经济中的相对份额将有所减少。这意味着过去20年观察到的两极分化和城市主导地位日益增强的既定趋势正在逆转。城市旅游业崩溃的主要负担落在了五个最大的大都市地区身上，这些地区受到政府为制止大流行病而制定的条例以及由此导致的消费者旅行偏好变化的严重影响。
{"title":"The Impacts of COVID-19 on Urban Tourism Destinations: The South African Experience","authors":"C. Rogerson, J. Rogerson","doi":"10.46222/ajhtl.19770720.207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720.207","url":null,"abstract":"The impacts of COVID-19 for cities are generating an extensive international scholarship. This study contributes to the literature on the ramifications of urban tourism. The research is an assessment of what might be termed the early stage or ‘first round’ of the impacts of COVID-19. Using the IHS Global Insight local tourism base for South Africa the study analyses COVID-19 impacts during 2020 for the country’s eight metropolitan areas. It reveals the pandemic’s devastating impacts for tourism flows and correspondingly the diminished role of tourism in urban economies. An important finding is that South Africa’s metropolitan areas experienced a greater proportionate decline in tourism than the recorded national rate of decline. The consequence is a reduction during 2020 in the relative share of metropolitan areas in the South African tourism economy. This implies a reversal of established trends towards polarization and increasing city dominance that have been observed over the previous 20 years. The major burden of the collapse of urban tourism has fallen upon the five largest metropolitan areas which have been severely impacted by government regulations to halt the pandemic and resultant changes in consumer preferences for travel.","PeriodicalId":37588,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70474114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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