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Perimeter surveillance radar in W-band based on vehicle collision avoidance technology 基于车辆避碰技术的w波段周界监视雷达
Pub Date : 2015-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346290
R. Blázquez-García, P. Almorox-Gonzalez, M. Burgos-García, Carlos Callejero-Andres, Julio Pantoja-Dominguez, Ignacio Gómez-Maqueda
Nowadays, there is an increasing demand for portable and high-resolution radar systems that carry out surveillance functions in hostile environments. There are several works about radar systems in millimeter-wave frequencies for automotive applications and the objective is to go beyond and to develop a lightweight, small and low-cost surveillance radar based on vehicle collision avoidance technology. In this paper, the design of the radar sensor at 77 GHz and the implemented signal and data processing are presented. The sensor is based on hybrid technology: microstrip, waveguide and MMIC. The signal and data processing carries out a Doppler processing and a target tracking.
如今,对在恶劣环境中执行监视功能的便携式高分辨率雷达系统的需求不断增加。目前有几项关于毫米波频率雷达系统用于汽车应用的工作,目标是超越并开发一种基于车辆避碰技术的轻质、小型和低成本监视雷达。本文介绍了77 GHz雷达传感器的设计及其实现的信号和数据处理。该传感器是基于混合技术:微带,波导和MMIC。信号和数据处理进行多普勒处理和目标跟踪。
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引用次数: 3
Theory and practice: A two-channel automotive radar for three-dimensional object detection 理论与实践:一种用于三维目标探测的双通道汽车雷达
Pub Date : 2015-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346288
X. Ding, Aret Carlsen, J. Schaefer, Matthew Marple, Dirk Klotzbucher, Walter Poiger, Bjorn Brust, Florian Trompeter
A two-channel automotive Doppler radar for three-dimensional, including azimuth, elevation, and range, object detection has been designed. In order to achieve both high quality AEB performance and low cost, two separate RX-systems (mid-range and short-range) and two TX-antenna arrays oppositely squinted in elevation and separated by half of the operating frequency wavelength along the y-axis, are arranged carefully on a 4-layer RF-PCB. The radar operates in two frequency bands: 24.00 ~ 24.25GHz ISM band and 24.25 ~ 25.65GHz UWB band. A statistical algorithm is applied to determine target elevation.
设计了一种双通道汽车多普勒雷达,用于包括方位、仰角和距离在内的三维目标检测。为了实现高质量的AEB性能和低成本,两个独立的rx系统(中程和近程)和两个tx天线阵列在俯角上相对斜视,并沿y轴以一半的工作频率波长分开,精心布置在4层RF-PCB上。雷达工作在两个频段:24.00 ~ 24.25 ghz ISM频段和24.25 ~ 25.65GHz UWB频段。采用统计算法确定目标高程。
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引用次数: 6
Single MLP-CFAR for a radar Doppler processor based on the ML criterion. Validation on real data 基于ML准则的雷达多普勒处理器的单MLP-CFAR。真实数据验证
Pub Date : 2015-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346235
N. del-Rey-Maestre, D. Mata-Moya, P. Jarabo-Amores, P. Gomez-del-Hoyo, J. Martin-de-Nicolas
This paper tackles the evaluation of radar detectors with real data in a scenario composed by targets with unknown Doppler shift and sea clutter. A Neural Network-based Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) technique, NN-CFAR, is compared with reference detection schemes based on Doppler processors and conventional CFAR detectors. In these reference solutions, although CFAR techniques are designed for a desired false alarm rate, PFA, we prove that the final PFA rate is higher than the desired one. In this paper, a detection performance improvement is obtained with a detector that is a better approximation to the Neyman-Pearson detector based on the generalized Likelihood Ratio (selecting the maximum filter bank output), and uses a unique CFAR detector. Due to the non-linear nature of the maximum function, conventional CFAR detectors are not suitable. The improved detector is designed and applied to real data acquired by a coherent and pulsed radar system at X-band frequencies. Results prove that the NN-CFAR provides a higher probability of detection while fulfilling the PFA requirement.
本文研究了在未知多普勒频移和海杂波目标组成的情况下,用真实数据对雷达探测器进行评估的问题。将基于神经网络的恒虚警率检测技术(NN-CFAR)与基于多普勒处理器的参考检测方案和传统的恒虚警率检测器进行了比较。在这些参考方案中,尽管CFAR技术是为期望的虚警率PFA而设计的,但我们证明最终的PFA率高于期望的PFA率。本文采用了一种基于广义似然比(选择最大滤波器组输出)的更接近Neyman-Pearson检测器的检测器,并使用了唯一的CFAR检测器,从而提高了检测性能。由于最大函数的非线性性质,传统的CFAR检测器不适合。设计了改进后的探测器,并将其应用于x波段相干脉冲雷达系统的实际数据采集中。结果表明,在满足PFA要求的同时,NN-CFAR具有较高的检测概率。
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引用次数: 1
Impact of soil on UWB buried antenna and communication link in IR-UWB WUSN applications IR-UWB WUSN应用中土壤对UWB埋地天线和通信链路的影响
Pub Date : 2015-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/EUMC.2015.7346028
H. Zemmour, G. Baudoin, C. Hamouda, A. Diet, M. Biancheri-Astier
Wireless Underground Sensor Networks (WUSN) consists of buried sensors nodes which are expected to communicate through the soil. The significantly high attenuation caused by the soil properties is the main challenge for their feasibility. This challenge is accentuated with Impulse Radio Ultra-Wide Band (IR-UWB) WUSN because of the very low transmitted power. This paper first studies the impact of the soil on performances of a new small UWB buried antenna and then analyzes the effect of soil properties on the communication link from underground to aboveground. This study includes the effect of soil moisture, burial depth and frequency. Measurements are achieved in a sample of soil composed of standard pebbles used in railway (railroad ballast). The simulations and measurements results show that with short distances and low soil moisture underground to aboveground UWB communication is possible.
无线地下传感器网络(WUSN)由埋在地下的传感器节点组成,这些传感器节点有望通过土壤进行通信。土壤性质导致的显著高衰减是其可行性面临的主要挑战。由于发射功率非常低,脉冲无线电超宽带(IR-UWB) WUSN更加突出了这一挑战。本文首先研究了土壤对一种新型小型UWB埋地天线性能的影响,然后分析了土壤特性对地下至地上通信链路的影响。本研究包括土壤湿度、埋深和频率的影响。测量是在一个由铁路(铁路道砟)使用的标准鹅卵石组成的土壤样本中实现的。仿真和实测结果表明,在距离较近、土壤湿度较低的条件下,地下到地上的超宽带通信是可行的。
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引用次数: 1
Eddy Dissipation Rate (EDR) retrieval with ultra-fast high range resolution Electronic-Scanning X-band airport radar: Results of European FP7 UFO Toulouse Airport trials 用超高速高距离分辨率电子扫描x波段机场雷达反演涡散率(EDR):欧洲FP7 UFO图卢兹机场试验结果
Pub Date : 2015-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346258
F. Barbaresco, P. Jugé, Patrick Bruchec, D. Cañal, M. Klein, J. Maintoux, F. Orlandi, C. Rahatoka, Y. Ricci, J. Schneider
At airports, runway operation is the limiting factor for the overall throughput; specifically the fixed and overly conservative ICAO wake turbulence separation minima. The wake turbulence hazardous flows can dissipate quicker because of decay due to air turbulence or be transported out of the way on oncoming traffic by cross-wind, yet wake turbulence separation minima do not take into account wind conditions. Indeed, for safety reasons, most airports assume a worst-case scenario and use conservative separations. However, with the aid of accurate EDR (Eddy Dissipation Rate) retrieval by Ultra-Fast High-Range Resolution X-band Electronic-Scanning radar sensors, more efficient intervals can be set, particularly when atmosphere is unstable and turbulent, accelerating Wake-Vortex decay. Depending on traffic volume, these adjustments can generate capacity gains, which have major commercial benefits. This paper presents Electronic scanning radar trials at Toulouse-Blagnac Airport for UFO (Ultra-Fast wind sensOrs for wake-vortex hazards mitigation) project, funded by European FP7 program, on Radar EDR retrieval & Calibration.
在机场,跑道运行是总吞吐量的限制因素;特别是固定的和过于保守的ICAO尾流分离最小值。尾流湍流危险流可能由于空气湍流的衰减而消散得更快,也可能被侧风吹离迎面而来的交通,但尾流湍流分离最小值没有考虑风力条件。事实上,出于安全考虑,大多数机场都会假设最坏的情况,并使用保守的间隔。然而,借助超高速高分辨率x波段电子扫描雷达传感器精确的EDR(涡流耗散率)检索,可以设置更有效的间隔,特别是在大气不稳定和湍流,加速尾流衰减的情况下。根据交通量的不同,这些调整可以产生容量增益,这具有重大的商业效益。本文介绍了由欧洲FP7计划资助的图卢兹-布拉尼亚克机场UFO(用于尾流涡危害缓解的超高速风传感器)项目的电子扫描雷达在雷达EDR检索和校准方面的试验。
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引用次数: 3
Bulk-glass ceramic based stacked dielectric resonator antenna as phased array element 作为相控阵元件的大块玻璃陶瓷叠层介质谐振器天线
Pub Date : 2015-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346299
A. Mehmood, M. Nikfalazar, M. Sohrabi, R. Jakoby, M. Hovhanisyan, M. Letz
Stacked dielectric resonator antenna from high-k low loss bulk-glass ceramic material have been investigated. Two resonators are stacked with an air gap which has been realized with a low loss foam material. The antenna showed a wide bandwidth with the dimension of 7.7×6.7×2.5mm for the lower dielectric resonator and 8.7×7.7×3.3mm for the upper dielectric resonator. Thus the maximum dimension is 0.23 λ0×0.20 λ0 at 8GHz which is very compact. This makes it very appropriate for array applications to reduce the direct mutual coupling through near-field. The antenna has been manufactured and characterized. For the fabricated antenna the -10 dB impedance bandwidth is 20% and operating frequency from 7.4 to 9GHz. The measured gain at 8GHz is 7.23 dB.
研究了高k低损耗大块玻璃陶瓷材料的叠层介质谐振器天线。用低损耗泡沫材料实现了两个谐振腔的气隙叠加。天线显示出较宽的带宽,下介电谐振腔的尺寸为7.7×6.7×2.5mm,上介电谐振腔的尺寸为8.7×7.7×3.3mm。因此,在8GHz时,最大尺寸为0.23 λ0×0.20 λ0,非常紧凑。这使得阵列应用非常适合通过近场来减少直接相互耦合。对天线进行了制造和表征。对于预制天线,-10 dB阻抗带宽为20%,工作频率为7.4至9GHz。8GHz时的测量增益为7.23 dB。
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引用次数: 0
Approximate fractality of sea clutter fractional fourier transform spectrum 海杂波分数傅里叶变换谱的近似分形
Pub Date : 2015-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346251
Ningbo Liu, Hao Ding, Yonghua Xue, Yong Huang
As a generalization of the classical Fourier Transform (FT), the Fractional Fourier Transform (FRFT) has many applications in several fields, such as optics and signal processing. In this paper, the scaling property of the FRFT spectrum is studied in depth and the approximate similarity between the FRFT spectra is presented. The analytical results show that the approximate similarity can be observed in some specific FRFT spectra of a time signal, which correspond to some specific transform orders (or rotating angles). In other words, the FRFT spectra of a time signal are approximate fractal at some specific transform orders. In the end, X-band and C-band real radar data is used for the verification of the conclusion.
分数阶傅里叶变换是对经典傅里叶变换的一种推广,在光学和信号处理等领域有着广泛的应用。本文深入研究了FRFT谱的标度特性,给出了FRFT谱之间的近似相似性。分析结果表明,时间信号的特定FRFT谱对应于特定的变换阶数(或旋转角度),具有近似相似性。换句话说,时间信号的FRFT谱在某些特定的变换阶上是近似分形的。最后,利用x波段和c波段实际雷达数据对结论进行验证。
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引用次数: 1
Spectrum estimation for cognitive radar 认知雷达的频谱估计
Pub Date : 2015-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346270
M. Lamanna, P. Monsurrò, P. Tommasino, A. Trifiletti
One of the critical functions of a cognitive radar is to examine a large frequency spectrum in real time, in order to detect the presence of narrowband emitters, which radiate on the same frequencies as a wideband radar. The final goal of spectrum monitoring is to recognize which frequency channels of the radar spectrum are occupied over a certain time period. In order to analyze the whole wide spectrum in real time, the time signal samples must be collected at a much lower rate than the Nyquist rate corresponding to the highest frequency of the considered spectrum. This paper proposes a novel approach based on the suitable correlation and averaging of a number of parallel asynchronous channels, each of which is heavily undersampled with respect to the Nyquist rate. We demonstrate that the analysis of the large spectrum is possible by applying our approach by using a limited number of asynchronous channels.
认知雷达的关键功能之一是实时检查大频谱,以检测与宽带雷达在相同频率上辐射的窄带发射器的存在。频谱监测的最终目标是识别在某一时间段内雷达频谱的哪些频率通道被占用。为了实时分析整个宽频谱,必须以远低于所考虑频谱的最高频率所对应的奈奎斯特率的速率采集时间信号样本。本文提出了一种基于适当的相关和平均多个并行异步信道的新方法,每个信道相对于奈奎斯特速率严重欠采样。我们证明,通过使用有限数量的异步信道,应用我们的方法可以分析大频谱。
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引用次数: 6
Target detection using space-time adaptive processing (STAP) and a multi-band, multi-channel software defined passive radar 利用空时自适应处理(STAP)和多波段、多通道软件定义的无源雷达进行目标检测
Pub Date : 2015-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346360
Mubashir Alam, K. Jamil, S. Alhumaidi
The use of passive radar for detection of targets of different type has gained considerable popularity in recent times. This radar uses the so-called the “signals of the opportunities” which are already in the environment. These opportunistic signals can be of different types, both in terms of frequency and modulation type. Therefore, instead of designing a separate hardware receiving system, a better approach will be design a single software defined receiver having capability to capture any signal of interest by just changing antenna system. This paper presents the development of a state of the art multi-channel, multi-band software defined passive radar. The complete hardware system with multi-channel receiver, and different antenna system has been designed, to give the system software-defined radio capability. The full chain of the signal processing algorithms for target detection will be presented. The algorithms include beamforming, space-time adaptive processing (STAP), and constant false-alarm rate (CFAR) detector framework. More emphasizes will be on the STAP algorithm and CFAR detector. Actual experimental data captured with a circular array is used to validate the system design and signal processing algorithms.
近年来,利用无源雷达探测不同类型的目标已获得相当大的普及。这种雷达利用环境中已经存在的所谓“机会信号”。这些机会信号可以是不同类型的,无论是在频率和调制类型方面。因此,与其设计一个单独的硬件接收系统,更好的方法是设计一个单一的软件定义的接收器,它能够通过改变天线系统来捕获任何感兴趣的信号。本文介绍了一种先进的多通道、多波段软件定义无源雷达的发展。设计了完整的硬件系统,包括多路接收机和不同的天线系统,使系统具有软件定义的无线电能力。完整链的信号处理算法的目标检测将被提出。算法包括波束形成、时空自适应处理(STAP)和恒虚警率(CFAR)检测器框架。本文将重点介绍STAP算法和CFAR检测器。用圆形阵列捕获的实际实验数据验证了系统设计和信号处理算法。
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引用次数: 1
On signal detection with mainlobe cancellation interference in Multisite Radar Systems and MIMO radars 多站点雷达系统和MIMO雷达中主瓣抵消干扰的信号检测
Pub Date : 2015-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/EURAD.2015.7346256
V. Chernyak
Signal detection in a background of mainlobe interference is one of the most difficult problems in radar practice because interference cancellation is usually accompanied with signal suppression. This problem is successfully solved in Multisite Radar Systems (MSRSs) with uncorrelated signal fluctuations at the inputs of receiving stations. There are published works where the capability of MIMO radars to cancel mainlobe interference without signal suppression using a number of different waveforms transmitted with arbitrary phases is declared. It is important to ascertain this capability of MIMO radars.
在主瓣干扰背景下的信号检测是雷达实践中最困难的问题之一,因为干扰消除通常伴随着信号抑制。在接收站输入端信号波动不相关的多站点雷达系统中,成功地解决了这一问题。已经发表的作品中,MIMO雷达在没有信号抑制的情况下,使用任意相位传输的许多不同波形来消除主瓣干扰的能力被宣布。确定MIMO雷达的这种能力是很重要的。
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引用次数: 5
期刊
2015 European Radar Conference (EuRAD)
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