Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-784-797
Vladislav Kukartsev, Kirill Kravtsov, Y. Tynchenko, Tatyana Panfilova
Introduction. The study of soil composition in mountainous areas is important for assessing its suitability for agriculture, land use planning and mining, influencing environmental policy and socio-economic development. Exploration of the composition of surface soil in these conditions is necessary to understand the specific factors affecting the formation and properties of soils. The study allows us to determine the physical-chemical properties of the soil, identify toxicity and problems with salt, which is important for preserving the quality of the soil and the environment in the mining industry. Research methods and materials. In the study of soil composition in mountainous areas, methods were used: sample collection taking into account geological features, physical-chemical analysis, measurement of mountain factors and data analysis using machine learning methods. This made it possible to identify the influence of mountain conditions on soil properties, to identify factors associated with salt excess and toxicity, and to develop approaches to preserve soil quality, important for environmental sustainability and socio-economic development of mountain Research results. Studies of salt redundancy and toxicity in the soil in mountainous areas, especially in the context of the mining industry, are extremely important. These studies help to assess soil pollution, identify sources of harmful substances and develop measures to prevent negative consequences, such as deterioration of soil quality and a threat to human health. The analysis of mountain factors plays a key role in risk assessment and the development of strategies to minimize the negative impact on the environment and preserve biological diversity in mountain ecosystems. Discussion of research results. The most important factor from the entire data set is the «Nutrient Availability Indicator in the soil», which has a significant impact on salt excess and soil toxicity. However, when only mountain factors are taken into account, «Slope 2» becomes the key for salt redundancy, and «Aspect B» and «Slope 2» for soil toxicity, simplifying modeling and allowing more accurate analysis of chemical properties associated with mountain features. Conclusion. Mountain conditions significantly affect the composition and properties of the soil, which can lead to excess salts and toxicity of substances, having a serious impact on the ecosystem and human health. Soil slope plays an important role in this context and can be key in determining risk and developing strategies for managing soil conditions in mountainous conditions. Risk assessment and environmental impact forecasting allow mining companies to create effective measures to reduce harm and increase the sustainability of production. Conclusions on the article. The article presents the results of research demonstrating that mountain conditions have a significant impact on the composition and properties of the soil. It was found that the features of
导言。研究山区的土壤成分对于评估其是否适合农业、土地利用规划和采矿、影响环境政策和社会经济发展非常重要。要了解影响土壤形成和特性的具体因素，就必须对这些条件下的表层土壤成分进行探索。通过这项研究，我们可以确定土壤的物理化学性质，找出盐的毒性和问题，这对保护采矿业的土壤质量和环境非常重要。研究方法和材料。在研究山区土壤成分时使用了以下方法：根据地质特征采集样本、物理化学分析、测量山区因素以及使用机器学习方法进行数据分析。这样就有可能确定山区条件对土壤特性的影响，确定与盐分过量和毒性有关的因素，并制定保护土壤质量的方法，这对山区的环境可持续性和社会经济发展非常重要。对山区土壤中的盐分过量和毒性进行研究，特别是在采矿业的背景下，是极其重要的。这些研究有助于评估土壤污染，确定有害物质的来源，并制定措施防止土壤质量恶化和威胁人类健康等负面影响。对山区因素的分析在风险评估和制定战略以尽量减少对环境的负面影响和保护山区生态系统生物多样性方面发挥着关键作用。研究成果讨论。整组数据中最重要的因素是 "土壤养分供应指标"，它对盐分超标和土壤毒性有重大影响。然而，如果只考虑山地因素，"坡度 2 "则成为盐分超标的关键，而 "长宽比 B "和 "坡度 2 "则成为土壤毒性的关键，从而简化了建模，并能更准确地分析与山地特征相关的化学特性。结论山区条件对土壤的成分和性质有很大影响，可能导致盐分过多和物质毒性，对生态系统和人类健康造成严重影响。土壤坡度在这方面发挥着重要作用，是确定风险和制定山区土壤条件管理策略的关键。通过风险评估和环境影响预测，矿业公司可以制定有效措施，减少危害，提高生产的可持续性。文章结论。文章介绍的研究结果表明，山区条件对土壤的成分和性质有重大影响。研究发现，山区地形的特点会导致有毒物质和过量盐分的积累，对生态系统和人类健康造成严重后果。研究证实，土壤坡度在这些现象的形成过程中起着关键作用，这有助于制定山区土壤状况管理策略，减少对环境的负面影响。对实际应用和未来研究方向的建议。考虑到地质因素对土壤成分的影响以及可能对环境造成的后果，研究的目的可以是为山区制定更可持续的管理策略。此外，还可以开发一些模型，以预测和评估山区有毒物质积累对生态系统和人类健康造成的潜在风险，这也可能是未来研究的一个方向。
{"title":"Influence of mountain factors on salt excess and soil toxicity in mountain conditions","authors":"Vladislav Kukartsev, Kirill Kravtsov, Y. Tynchenko, Tatyana Panfilova","doi":"10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-784-797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-784-797","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The study of soil composition in mountainous areas is important for assessing its suitability for agriculture, land use planning and mining, influencing environmental policy and socio-economic development. Exploration of the composition of surface soil in these conditions is necessary to understand the specific factors affecting the formation and properties of soils. The study allows us to determine the physical-chemical properties of the soil, identify toxicity and problems with salt, which is important for preserving the quality of the soil and the environment in the mining industry. Research methods and materials. In the study of soil composition in mountainous areas, methods were used: sample collection taking into account geological features, physical-chemical analysis, measurement of mountain factors and data analysis using machine learning methods. This made it possible to identify the influence of mountain conditions on soil properties, to identify factors associated with salt excess and toxicity, and to develop approaches to preserve soil quality, important for environmental sustainability and socio-economic development of mountain Research results. Studies of salt redundancy and toxicity in the soil in mountainous areas, especially in the context of the mining industry, are extremely important. These studies help to assess soil pollution, identify sources of harmful substances and develop measures to prevent negative consequences, such as deterioration of soil quality and a threat to human health. The analysis of mountain factors plays a key role in risk assessment and the development of strategies to minimize the negative impact on the environment and preserve biological diversity in mountain ecosystems. Discussion of research results. The most important factor from the entire data set is the «Nutrient Availability Indicator in the soil», which has a significant impact on salt excess and soil toxicity. However, when only mountain factors are taken into account, «Slope 2» becomes the key for salt redundancy, and «Aspect B» and «Slope 2» for soil toxicity, simplifying modeling and allowing more accurate analysis of chemical properties associated with mountain features. Conclusion. Mountain conditions significantly affect the composition and properties of the soil, which can lead to excess salts and toxicity of substances, having a serious impact on the ecosystem and human health. Soil slope plays an important role in this context and can be key in determining risk and developing strategies for managing soil conditions in mountainous conditions. Risk assessment and environmental impact forecasting allow mining companies to create effective measures to reduce harm and increase the sustainability of production. Conclusions on the article. The article presents the results of research demonstrating that mountain conditions have a significant impact on the composition and properties of the soil. It was found that the features of ","PeriodicalId":37608,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139332969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-650-661
A. Semyachkov, Konstantin Semyachkov
Introduction. The main approach to the development of modern cities is an approach based on the balance of social, economic, and environmental subsystems, within the framework of which plans to achieve sustainable growth are implemented. In the era of digitalization, the most important condition for effective environmental management is the use of advanced tools for analyzing data obtained during the environmental monitoring procedure. Materials and methods. The methodology for monitoring the state of various components of the environment involves a number of sequential operations. The first stage of the study (obtaining a priori information) pursues the goal of creating a landscape-geochemical basis on which information about typical elementary landscapes reflecting the structure of the area is placed. The second stage includes obtaining operational information about the state of selected environmental components using field and laboratory methods. At the third stage, desk processing of information is carried out. Results. The structure of environmental monitoring can be divided into levels in accordance with the degree of detail of the tasks assigned to it. The most appropriate division of environmental monitoring in cities for the conditions of the Urals seems to be the following levels: a) local, examining the state of the environment as a whole in the city or on the border of the sanitary protection zone of an enterprise and b) detailed, examining the state of the environment from the impact of waste disposal facilities. Discussion. In the field of environmental monitoring, a digital database should be created at the local and detailed levels, with the help of which it is possible to conduct analysis and further forecast the state of the environment, with the subsequent development of environmental measures. Environmental monitoring within cities with a mining and metallurgical complex must be carried out comprehensively, including the atmosphere, surface water, soil, snow cover, groundwater and vegetation. Conclusion. Thus, the proposed environmental monitoring system is characterized by high environmental and economic efficiency, which meets the requirements of sustainable development at the present stage. Resume. For the cities of the mining and metallurgical complex of the Urals, it is necessary to conduct two-level environmental monitoring with the development, implementation and dissemination of digital technologies in the environmental sphere. Environmental monitoring within cities with a mining and metallurgical complex must be carried out comprehensively, including the atmosphere, surface water, soil, snow cover, groundwater and vegetation. Conducting local monitoring in the territory of influence of the enterprise and detailed monitoring in the zone of influence of waste disposal facilities presupposes the presence of stable observations in the space-time interval and a stable ingredient composition. The instability of observations
{"title":"Two-level digital ecological monitoring of the Ural the mining and metallurgical complex cities","authors":"A. Semyachkov, Konstantin Semyachkov","doi":"10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-650-661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-650-661","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The main approach to the development of modern cities is an approach based on the balance of social, economic, and environmental subsystems, within the framework of which plans to achieve sustainable growth are implemented. In the era of digitalization, the most important condition for effective environmental management is the use of advanced tools for analyzing data obtained during the environmental monitoring procedure. Materials and methods. The methodology for monitoring the state of various components of the environment involves a number of sequential operations. The first stage of the study (obtaining a priori information) pursues the goal of creating a landscape-geochemical basis on which information about typical elementary landscapes reflecting the structure of the area is placed. The second stage includes obtaining operational information about the state of selected environmental components using field and laboratory methods. At the third stage, desk processing of information is carried out. Results. The structure of environmental monitoring can be divided into levels in accordance with the degree of detail of the tasks assigned to it. The most appropriate division of environmental monitoring in cities for the conditions of the Urals seems to be the following levels: a) local, examining the state of the environment as a whole in the city or on the border of the sanitary protection zone of an enterprise and b) detailed, examining the state of the environment from the impact of waste disposal facilities. Discussion. In the field of environmental monitoring, a digital database should be created at the local and detailed levels, with the help of which it is possible to conduct analysis and further forecast the state of the environment, with the subsequent development of environmental measures. Environmental monitoring within cities with a mining and metallurgical complex must be carried out comprehensively, including the atmosphere, surface water, soil, snow cover, groundwater and vegetation. Conclusion. Thus, the proposed environmental monitoring system is characterized by high environmental and economic efficiency, which meets the requirements of sustainable development at the present stage. Resume. For the cities of the mining and metallurgical complex of the Urals, it is necessary to conduct two-level environmental monitoring with the development, implementation and dissemination of digital technologies in the environmental sphere. Environmental monitoring within cities with a mining and metallurgical complex must be carried out comprehensively, including the atmosphere, surface water, soil, snow cover, groundwater and vegetation. Conducting local monitoring in the territory of influence of the enterprise and detailed monitoring in the zone of influence of waste disposal facilities presupposes the presence of stable observations in the space-time interval and a stable ingredient composition. The instability of observations","PeriodicalId":37608,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139333666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-693-706
Almaz K. Kozhonov, Valentin Chanturia, Kulgamal Nogaeva, Yessil Alpiev
Introduction. The paper studies the matters of processing of skarn copper-gold ores from a deposit in the Kyrgyz Republic. Materials and methods. As a study task, the authors performed an analysis of the material composition, including micro- and macroscopic types of analyses are presented. Results. Textural-structural analysis and mineralogical characteristics of the main ore minerals is detailed. The characteristic features of the material composition of the studied types of ores are highlighted and described. The reagent suite for processing of skarn ores has been established by means of additional feed of weakly selective depressants (Na2SiO3) and effective flotation reagents to the process, the introduction of which can significantly improve the concentrate quality. The study direction is also supplemented by the consideration and introduction of the process of mechanical activation into the process flow diagram as a reserve in increasing the grade of metals in the concentrate through the mechanical liberation of minerals by ultrafine grinding. The forms of metal loss with concentrating tailings, which are represented by wollastonite, garnet (andradite) and pyroxenes, clay-micaceous minerals, feldspars, and talc are determined. Discussion. The main losses of sulphide copper are associated with the presence of intergrowths of copper minerals with barren minerals in the samples. When evaluating copper minerals in tailings, copper is present in sulphide minerals – 79.2% and 20.8% rel. belongs to the oxide minerals. Conclusion. The paper summarizes the results of the study with the developed closed flotation flowsheet for the processing of copper-gold skarn ores, which makes it possible to obtain the flotation concentrate with grade of Cu – 25.01%, Au – 55.02g/t, Ag – 401g/t, with recovery into concentrate of Cu – 84.65%, Au – 87.94%, Ag – 89.44%. Concentrate output 2.33%. The implementation of the proposed flowsheet will ensure the achievement of planned production performance in the processing of skarn ores. Resume. At the end of the study work, the authors issued recommendations on adjusting the reagent suite with the inclusion of the weakly selective depressant – liquid glass (Na2SiO3), introducing the process of attritioning the feed of the cleaning operation (ultrafine regrinding) and considering the regularity of the phase composition of the copper minerals of skarn ore from the copper grade, providing the initial grade of copper at 0.9-1.0% in the processed ore by blending the ore feed ore to the concentrator. Suggestions for practical application and direction for future research. The materials of the paper can be useful for mining and processing enterprises when processing skarn copper-gold ores.
{"title":"Technological basis of processing skarn copper-gold-bearing ores of the Kyrgyz Republic","authors":"Almaz K. Kozhonov, Valentin Chanturia, Kulgamal Nogaeva, Yessil Alpiev","doi":"10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-693-706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-693-706","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The paper studies the matters of processing of skarn copper-gold ores from a deposit in the Kyrgyz Republic. Materials and methods. As a study task, the authors performed an analysis of the material composition, including micro- and macroscopic types of analyses are presented. Results. Textural-structural analysis and mineralogical characteristics of the main ore minerals is detailed. The characteristic features of the material composition of the studied types of ores are highlighted and described. The reagent suite for processing of skarn ores has been established by means of additional feed of weakly selective depressants (Na2SiO3) and effective flotation reagents to the process, the introduction of which can significantly improve the concentrate quality. The study direction is also supplemented by the consideration and introduction of the process of mechanical activation into the process flow diagram as a reserve in increasing the grade of metals in the concentrate through the mechanical liberation of minerals by ultrafine grinding. The forms of metal loss with concentrating tailings, which are represented by wollastonite, garnet (andradite) and pyroxenes, clay-micaceous minerals, feldspars, and talc are determined. Discussion. The main losses of sulphide copper are associated with the presence of intergrowths of copper minerals with barren minerals in the samples. When evaluating copper minerals in tailings, copper is present in sulphide minerals – 79.2% and 20.8% rel. belongs to the oxide minerals. Conclusion. The paper summarizes the results of the study with the developed closed flotation flowsheet for the processing of copper-gold skarn ores, which makes it possible to obtain the flotation concentrate with grade of Cu – 25.01%, Au – 55.02g/t, Ag – 401g/t, with recovery into concentrate of Cu – 84.65%, Au – 87.94%, Ag – 89.44%. Concentrate output 2.33%. The implementation of the proposed flowsheet will ensure the achievement of planned production performance in the processing of skarn ores. Resume. At the end of the study work, the authors issued recommendations on adjusting the reagent suite with the inclusion of the weakly selective depressant – liquid glass (Na2SiO3), introducing the process of attritioning the feed of the cleaning operation (ultrafine regrinding) and considering the regularity of the phase composition of the copper minerals of skarn ore from the copper grade, providing the initial grade of copper at 0.9-1.0% in the processed ore by blending the ore feed ore to the concentrator. Suggestions for practical application and direction for future research. The materials of the paper can be useful for mining and processing enterprises when processing skarn copper-gold ores.","PeriodicalId":37608,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","volume":"246 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139333800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-558-567
Natalia Yaitskaya, Vladimir Brigida, Oksana Gavrina, Alexander Kopylov
Introduction. Sustainable development of geo-resources in modern realities is a priority for ensuring sustainable development of the territories of the Russian Federation. In the absence of real mechanisms for its implementation, the territories most sensitive to climate change (the subtropical zone of the Caucasus) will be exposed to increased risks of an increase in dangerous hydro meteorological phenomena. At the same time, the issues of improving methods for assessing deformation processes on landslide slopes become particularly relevant. Materials and methods. The object of the study was a slope located near the “Winter Theater” (Sochi) on the road surface of the descent to the sea where a system of cracks was observed. The area under study was photographed point by point with a Nikon D3100 camera, after which the photographs were depixelized to obtain PNG ASCII files. After this file, standard smoothing processed the containing data arrays and three-dimensional interpolation procedures to obtain regression models that were presented in the software «gnuplot». Results. As a result of completed stage of research, a methodology for determining the deformation processes of slope systems using the photometric method, which is based on the processing of a high-precision raster image (photo) by analytical methods, was adapted and formed. In our case, there would be a series of values only for the line of sites (n = 9) for all pickets (N from 11 to 23). When analyzing only this series, we could conclude that ε varies nonlinearly from 12 (N= 23 m) to the first local maximum of 20 mm (N= 21 to 22 m). Afterwards there is a decline to 17 mm (N = 20 m) and so on, but in general, they do not exceed 23 mm. While when using the photometric method, we can observe in certain areas (segments) that the amount of deformation of the asphalt road reaches up to 40 mm. Discussion. Compared to most similar studies (geo-statistical methods for processing satellite images, classical geodetic methods, methods of geophysics, the photometric method for identifying fractured structures, as well as assessing their development, is more accurate and less labor-intensive in conducting field experiments. Conclusion. To ensure sustainable development of the Caucasus territories, it is necessary to significantly improve the quality of monitoring of road surfaces located in foothill and mountain areas (especially in the presence of serpentine roads). As a result of the completed stage of research, a methodology for determining the deformation processes of slope systems using the photometric method, which is based on the processing of a high-precision raster image (photo) by analytical methods, was adapted and formed. Future research should focus on the methodology for transitioning to displacement rates and considering the response spaces of crack profile dynamics. Resume. The article presents the results of studies of deformation processes of slope systems in a dangerous landsli
{"title":"Photogrammetric assessment of deformation processes on landslide slopes while ensuring sustainable development of Caucasus Territories","authors":"Natalia Yaitskaya, Vladimir Brigida, Oksana Gavrina, Alexander Kopylov","doi":"10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-558-567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-558-567","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Sustainable development of geo-resources in modern realities is a priority for ensuring sustainable development of the territories of the Russian Federation. In the absence of real mechanisms for its implementation, the territories most sensitive to climate change (the subtropical zone of the Caucasus) will be exposed to increased risks of an increase in dangerous hydro meteorological phenomena. At the same time, the issues of improving methods for assessing deformation processes on landslide slopes become particularly relevant. Materials and methods. The object of the study was a slope located near the “Winter Theater” (Sochi) on the road surface of the descent to the sea where a system of cracks was observed. The area under study was photographed point by point with a Nikon D3100 camera, after which the photographs were depixelized to obtain PNG ASCII files. After this file, standard smoothing processed the containing data arrays and three-dimensional interpolation procedures to obtain regression models that were presented in the software «gnuplot». Results. As a result of completed stage of research, a methodology for determining the deformation processes of slope systems using the photometric method, which is based on the processing of a high-precision raster image (photo) by analytical methods, was adapted and formed. In our case, there would be a series of values only for the line of sites (n = 9) for all pickets (N from 11 to 23). When analyzing only this series, we could conclude that ε varies nonlinearly from 12 (N= 23 m) to the first local maximum of 20 mm (N= 21 to 22 m). Afterwards there is a decline to 17 mm (N = 20 m) and so on, but in general, they do not exceed 23 mm. While when using the photometric method, we can observe in certain areas (segments) that the amount of deformation of the asphalt road reaches up to 40 mm. Discussion. Compared to most similar studies (geo-statistical methods for processing satellite images, classical geodetic methods, methods of geophysics, the photometric method for identifying fractured structures, as well as assessing their development, is more accurate and less labor-intensive in conducting field experiments. Conclusion. To ensure sustainable development of the Caucasus territories, it is necessary to significantly improve the quality of monitoring of road surfaces located in foothill and mountain areas (especially in the presence of serpentine roads). As a result of the completed stage of research, a methodology for determining the deformation processes of slope systems using the photometric method, which is based on the processing of a high-precision raster image (photo) by analytical methods, was adapted and formed. Future research should focus on the methodology for transitioning to displacement rates and considering the response spaces of crack profile dynamics. Resume. The article presents the results of studies of deformation processes of slope systems in a dangerous landsli","PeriodicalId":37608,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139333727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-516-527
Igor I. Bosikov, R. Klyuev, Ivan Silaev, Galina Stas
Introduction. Automated process control systems, as a set of characteristics related to the ability of an object to satisfy certain needs, are one of the most important indicators of the quality of complex technical systems consisting of a large number of interacting mechanisms, apparatus and instruments. Their failure can lead to accidents and emergencies, resulting in large economic losses, destruction of industrial facilities, and sometimes human casualties. Methodology and research methods. The solution to the assigned problems is based on modern methods of artificial intelligence, automatic control theory, mathematical modeling of technological processes, and mathematical statistics; graph theory; decision theories; apparatus of mathematical logic; set theory and systems analysis. Discussion of research results. The article presents the results of studies of the patterns of ventilation and technological processes in coal mines. It has been established that studies of patterns in coal mines are becoming more relevant in connection with the formulation of the task of modernizing production and the Russian economy as a whole. It has been revealed that the methodological foundations for the synthesis of control decisions that ensure the achievement of a stable state make it possible to formulate acceptable organizational and managerial decisions and evaluate their effectiveness using metered characteristics of the proximity of vaguely described states. Conclusion. Based on the research carried out, new theoretical and applied problems were posed and solved, system connections and patterns of the ventilation technological process (VTP) were identified, models, methods and algorithms for automated ventilation technological process control systems (ACVTP) were developed, aimed at increasing the efficiency of the technical air supply system coal mines. The theoretical foundations for modeling and controlling ventilation and technological processes have been created, including concepts, models, methods and control algorithms. The research results can be useful in controlling ventilation and technological processes. Conclusions on the article. The article presents the results of studies of ETP conducted in coal mines. It has been established that, using the developed methodology, it is possible to: design high-tech equipment with specified quality indicators for intelligent control systems; choose from a variety of structural diagram options the best in terms of operational efficiency; carry out structural-parametric adjustment and change the types of mathematical models, both for an individual element and for the ETP as a whole; identify the weakest points in the HTP automated control system and adapt the methodology for controlling ventilation and technological processes, evaluate the effectiveness of using structural redundancy. Suggestions for practical applications and directions for future research. The research results can be useful when carryi
{"title":"https://naukagor.ru/en-gb/Articles/analysis-of-shock-wave-parameters-at-the-explosive-cavity-wall-during-refraction-of-detonation-waves-through-the-air-and-water-19662","authors":"Igor I. Bosikov, R. Klyuev, Ivan Silaev, Galina Stas","doi":"10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-516-527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-516-527","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Automated process control systems, as a set of characteristics related to the ability of an object to satisfy certain needs, are one of the most important indicators of the quality of complex technical systems consisting of a large number of interacting mechanisms, apparatus and instruments. Their failure can lead to accidents and emergencies, resulting in large economic losses, destruction of industrial facilities, and sometimes human casualties. Methodology and research methods. The solution to the assigned problems is based on modern methods of artificial intelligence, automatic control theory, mathematical modeling of technological processes, and mathematical statistics; graph theory; decision theories; apparatus of mathematical logic; set theory and systems analysis. Discussion of research results. The article presents the results of studies of the patterns of ventilation and technological processes in coal mines. It has been established that studies of patterns in coal mines are becoming more relevant in connection with the formulation of the task of modernizing production and the Russian economy as a whole. It has been revealed that the methodological foundations for the synthesis of control decisions that ensure the achievement of a stable state make it possible to formulate acceptable organizational and managerial decisions and evaluate their effectiveness using metered characteristics of the proximity of vaguely described states. Conclusion. Based on the research carried out, new theoretical and applied problems were posed and solved, system connections and patterns of the ventilation technological process (VTP) were identified, models, methods and algorithms for automated ventilation technological process control systems (ACVTP) were developed, aimed at increasing the efficiency of the technical air supply system coal mines. The theoretical foundations for modeling and controlling ventilation and technological processes have been created, including concepts, models, methods and control algorithms. The research results can be useful in controlling ventilation and technological processes. Conclusions on the article. The article presents the results of studies of ETP conducted in coal mines. It has been established that, using the developed methodology, it is possible to: design high-tech equipment with specified quality indicators for intelligent control systems; choose from a variety of structural diagram options the best in terms of operational efficiency; carry out structural-parametric adjustment and change the types of mathematical models, both for an individual element and for the ETP as a whole; identify the weakest points in the HTP automated control system and adapt the methodology for controlling ventilation and technological processes, evaluate the effectiveness of using structural redundancy. Suggestions for practical applications and directions for future research. The research results can be useful when carryi","PeriodicalId":37608,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139333245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction.The work is aimed at studying the dynamics of contact interactions of minerals under conditions modeling the process of froth agitation flotation. The study of the regularities of contact interactions is an urgent task not only because they are used to determine the fundamental macroscopic and microscopic properties of flotation systems, but also because the forces in the contacts between minerals are the most important factor in carrying out a variety of technological processes of mineral separation in ore dressing by flotation. Materials and methods. The main method of research is theoretical analysis of the results of experimental study of aggregative stability of aqueous dispersions of minerals by sedimentoluminescence method, laboratory scale flotation experiments performed on mono-mineral quartz using a specially designed flotation method. Results. It is shown that aqueous dispersions of hydrophilic quartz form precipitates whose volume decreases with increasing temperature, which can be explained by the growth of hydrophilic repulsion forces. The increase in the volume of the precipitate with increasing temperature in the aqueous dispersion of hydro-phobized quartz is associated with the strengthening of structural hydrophobic attraction. A method of quantitative estimation of the value of structural forces based on the results of sediment-lumetric measurements is proposed. The calculation shows that the forces in the contacts between hydrophilic quartz particles are the first micro-dines, and their magnitude increases by an order of magnitude with hydro-phobization of quartz and temperature increase. Discussion. It is hypothesized that the forces in contacts between minerals in their aqueous dispersions are related to the fact that the static and dynamic properties of water at the interface do not have the properties of the bulk phase. When anisotropic layers belonging to different interfaces overlap, when from one layer it is possible to reach the other without crossing regions homogeneous in intensive properties (i.e., possessing phase properties), forces of structural hydrophilic repulsion or hydrophobic attraction appear between particles. Structural interactions are an endothermic process and the main way to detect them in disperse systems is by temperature change. In aqueous dispersions of hydrophilic minerals the temperature increase is identical to the action of reagents-depressors in flotation – forces in mineral contacts decrease. On the contrary, in aqueous dispersions of hydrophobic minerals the temperature increase is qualitatively similar to the decrease of surface wettability under the action of reagents-collectors – decrease of forces of structural hydrophilic repulsion and increase of forces of hydrophobic attraction. Conclusion. Surface forces of structural origin, which determine the dynamics of contact interactions, are considered in relationship with the flotation factors of mineral micro-dispersions: the
{"title":"Modeling of minerals contact interactions dynamics in flotation system","authors":"Dzambolat Kambolov, Tatiana Gerasimenko, Oleg Gabaraev, Valerij Khetagurov","doi":"10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-539-557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-539-557","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction.The work is aimed at studying the dynamics of contact interactions of minerals under conditions modeling the process of froth agitation flotation. The study of the regularities of contact interactions is an urgent task not only because they are used to determine the fundamental macroscopic and microscopic properties of flotation systems, but also because the forces in the contacts between minerals are the most important factor in carrying out a variety of technological processes of mineral separation in ore dressing by flotation. Materials and methods. The main method of research is theoretical analysis of the results of experimental study of aggregative stability of aqueous dispersions of minerals by sedimentoluminescence method, laboratory scale flotation experiments performed on mono-mineral quartz using a specially designed flotation method. Results. It is shown that aqueous dispersions of hydrophilic quartz form precipitates whose volume decreases with increasing temperature, which can be explained by the growth of hydrophilic repulsion forces. The increase in the volume of the precipitate with increasing temperature in the aqueous dispersion of hydro-phobized quartz is associated with the strengthening of structural hydrophobic attraction. A method of quantitative estimation of the value of structural forces based on the results of sediment-lumetric measurements is proposed. The calculation shows that the forces in the contacts between hydrophilic quartz particles are the first micro-dines, and their magnitude increases by an order of magnitude with hydro-phobization of quartz and temperature increase. Discussion. It is hypothesized that the forces in contacts between minerals in their aqueous dispersions are related to the fact that the static and dynamic properties of water at the interface do not have the properties of the bulk phase. When anisotropic layers belonging to different interfaces overlap, when from one layer it is possible to reach the other without crossing regions homogeneous in intensive properties (i.e., possessing phase properties), forces of structural hydrophilic repulsion or hydrophobic attraction appear between particles. Structural interactions are an endothermic process and the main way to detect them in disperse systems is by temperature change. In aqueous dispersions of hydrophilic minerals the temperature increase is identical to the action of reagents-depressors in flotation – forces in mineral contacts decrease. On the contrary, in aqueous dispersions of hydrophobic minerals the temperature increase is qualitatively similar to the decrease of surface wettability under the action of reagents-collectors – decrease of forces of structural hydrophilic repulsion and increase of forces of hydrophobic attraction. Conclusion. Surface forces of structural origin, which determine the dynamics of contact interactions, are considered in relationship with the flotation factors of mineral micro-dispersions: the","PeriodicalId":37608,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","volume":"185 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139332026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-727-740
Mikhail V. Shabanov, M. Marichev, Saglara Mangiyeva, Andrey Sokolov
Introduction. The mining and processing industry, as one of the complex, high energy-consuming production processes is the most problematic from an environmental point of view. As a result of processing raw materials from ore, a huge amount of waste of practically all types, solid, liquid and gaseous, is generated. In some areas, tones of slag dumps and tailings are stored, which in one way or another are exposed to external impact and are transported by Aeolian streams to the adjacent environment. Hydrogenic surface runoff is also formed from the surface of dumps and the territory of enterprises with atmospheric precipitation, and gas-dust emissions flying into the atmosphere are deposited on the nearby landscapes. In aggregate, all the above mentioned technogenic flows carry pollutants, including heavy metals, which accumulate in the depositing environments, changing them in one way or another. Thus, for more than 100 years, in the Soymanovskaya Valley of the Chelyabinsk Region, as a result of the Karabashmed Copper Smelting Plant, soils and other landscape components have been undergoing changes under the influence of anthropogenic flows. Research methods and materials. As a result of this work, in order to study the impact of air-industrial emissions of the plant on the soil cover, soil samples were taken both from the adjacent landscapes in the vicinity of the plant and at a distance of more than 20 km from the source of gas-dust emissions. In the selected soil samples, the determination of the main physical and chemical parameters of soils was carried out: pH, Sorg content, exchangeable calcium and magnesium cations. To identify the degree of contamination of the territory, the gross content of Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Mn was determined by atomic adsorption spectroscopy. According to the obtained data of heavy metals content in the surface layer of soils, the total pollution coefficient was calculated. Research results. In the course of works, it was determined that in the lower illuvial horizons of soils of natural and anthropogenic landscapes the concentrations of heavy metals are practically at the same level. In the upper layers of soils, a significant difference with excess of heavy metal concentrations in soils of anthropogenic landscapes in comparison with soils of background areas was recorded, which may indicate the entry of pollution from the surface. Soils with a small thickness of profile (up to 45 cm), located near the mill, have a fully contaminated profile, from the surface to the lower horizons, as a result of which these soils are transformed into chemozems. With the distance from the mill a sharp decrease of concentrations to values close to background was revealed, even within the city limits. The obtained calculations of the total pollution coefficient Zc, indicate that all chemozems have skillfully dangerous and extremely dangerous category of pollution. Background soils have acceptable category of pollution. When comparing
{"title":"Chemozem formation under conditions of prolong exposure to aero-industrial emissions from a mining and smelting plant","authors":"Mikhail V. Shabanov, M. Marichev, Saglara Mangiyeva, Andrey Sokolov","doi":"10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-727-740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-727-740","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The mining and processing industry, as one of the complex, high energy-consuming production processes is the most problematic from an environmental point of view. As a result of processing raw materials from ore, a huge amount of waste of practically all types, solid, liquid and gaseous, is generated. In some areas, tones of slag dumps and tailings are stored, which in one way or another are exposed to external impact and are transported by Aeolian streams to the adjacent environment. Hydrogenic surface runoff is also formed from the surface of dumps and the territory of enterprises with atmospheric precipitation, and gas-dust emissions flying into the atmosphere are deposited on the nearby landscapes. In aggregate, all the above mentioned technogenic flows carry pollutants, including heavy metals, which accumulate in the depositing environments, changing them in one way or another. Thus, for more than 100 years, in the Soymanovskaya Valley of the Chelyabinsk Region, as a result of the Karabashmed Copper Smelting Plant, soils and other landscape components have been undergoing changes under the influence of anthropogenic flows. Research methods and materials. As a result of this work, in order to study the impact of air-industrial emissions of the plant on the soil cover, soil samples were taken both from the adjacent landscapes in the vicinity of the plant and at a distance of more than 20 km from the source of gas-dust emissions. In the selected soil samples, the determination of the main physical and chemical parameters of soils was carried out: pH, Sorg content, exchangeable calcium and magnesium cations. To identify the degree of contamination of the territory, the gross content of Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Mn was determined by atomic adsorption spectroscopy. According to the obtained data of heavy metals content in the surface layer of soils, the total pollution coefficient was calculated. Research results. In the course of works, it was determined that in the lower illuvial horizons of soils of natural and anthropogenic landscapes the concentrations of heavy metals are practically at the same level. In the upper layers of soils, a significant difference with excess of heavy metal concentrations in soils of anthropogenic landscapes in comparison with soils of background areas was recorded, which may indicate the entry of pollution from the surface. Soils with a small thickness of profile (up to 45 cm), located near the mill, have a fully contaminated profile, from the surface to the lower horizons, as a result of which these soils are transformed into chemozems. With the distance from the mill a sharp decrease of concentrations to values close to background was revealed, even within the city limits. The obtained calculations of the total pollution coefficient Zc, indicate that all chemozems have skillfully dangerous and extremely dangerous category of pollution. Background soils have acceptable category of pollution. When comparing ","PeriodicalId":37608,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139333645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article considers the initiative budgeting of Ural cities as one of the mechanisms of sustainable development of territories with the participation of citizens. Mountainous areas have a range of geographical, climatic, infrastructural and other features, which determined the process of legitimizing initiative budgeting in such areas. The purpose of the study is to analyze the implementation of the practices of initiative budgeting in the mountainous regions of the Perm Region as a mechanism of socio-economic initiative of citizens in the sustainable development of the cities of the Urals. To achieve the purpose of the study, the following methods were used: system analysis, collection and analysis of scientific literature, regulatory legal documentation and reports of the Ministry of Territorial Development of the Perm Region. The methodology of competitive selection of initiative budgeting projects and determination of the volume and sources of financing for the implementation of projects is presented. The directions for improving the implementation of the practices of initiative budgeting for the sustainable development of the territory of mountainous areas have been identified. As a result of testing the methodology, up-to-date statistics were obtained on the volume of regional financing of initiative budgeting projects and on the number of projects submitted to the regional competition that affect the sustainable development of these territories. For the development of initiative, budgeting, built-in financing mechanisms are needed. The research results can be useful in organizing organizational forms of support for initiative budgeting at the level of cities and regions with similar specifics of development.
{"title":"Socio-economic initiative in the sustainable development of Ural Cities","authors":"Natalia Trubina, Yulia Aksyutina, Natalia Pazdnikova, Maxim Zolotarev","doi":"10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-741-749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-741-749","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the initiative budgeting of Ural cities as one of the mechanisms of sustainable development of territories with the participation of citizens. Mountainous areas have a range of geographical, climatic, infrastructural and other features, which determined the process of legitimizing initiative budgeting in such areas. The purpose of the study is to analyze the implementation of the practices of initiative budgeting in the mountainous regions of the Perm Region as a mechanism of socio-economic initiative of citizens in the sustainable development of the cities of the Urals. To achieve the purpose of the study, the following methods were used: system analysis, collection and analysis of scientific literature, regulatory legal documentation and reports of the Ministry of Territorial Development of the Perm Region. The methodology of competitive selection of initiative budgeting projects and determination of the volume and sources of financing for the implementation of projects is presented. The directions for improving the implementation of the practices of initiative budgeting for the sustainable development of the territory of mountainous areas have been identified. As a result of testing the methodology, up-to-date statistics were obtained on the volume of regional financing of initiative budgeting projects and on the number of projects submitted to the regional competition that affect the sustainable development of these territories. For the development of initiative, budgeting, built-in financing mechanisms are needed. The research results can be useful in organizing organizational forms of support for initiative budgeting at the level of cities and regions with similar specifics of development.","PeriodicalId":37608,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139331648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-619-630
V. Margaryan, H. Sayadyan, A. Sedrakyan
The results of studies of the current hydro-chemical state and water-ecological problems of the Gavaraget River basin, which flows into Lake Sevan from the north-west, are presented. Extreme water discharge, ten-day flow, ecological output have been determined, water-ecological features have been identified, long-term dynamics of the main indicators characterizing the ecological state of the Gavaraget River, spatial-temporal changes in winter and summer-autumn ten-day flow have been shown, the hydro-chemical state has been presented, the main water-ecological problems of this basin and ways to solve them were proposed, the physical and chemical state of Gavaraget water was clarified in accordance with the standards and requirements for water quality, and the level of risk was indicated. It has been clarified that the annual runoff in the basin basically follows the general features of the annual precipitation regime: the minimum amount falls in winter, and the maximum in spring. It is shown that Gavaraget is one of the most polluted rivers in the Lake Sevan basin. It was revealed that it is mainly contaminated with untreated domestic wastewater and agricultural return water. It was found that as the impact of anthropogenic load increases, river water pollution increases from the source to the mouth of the river. The water quality in the upper part of Gavaraget (0.5 km upstream from the village of Tsaghkashen) is excellently characterized as “excellent” (I) and “good” (II), in the lower part (at the river mouth) with “moderate” (III) and “unsatisfactory” (IV) class. The research results can be useful in solving geo-ecological problems, managing aquatic ecosystems, determining ecological flow, assessing risks, predicting water disasters, protecting river ecosystems from degradation, etc.
{"title":"Assessment of the current state of the hydrochemical regime and water-environmental problems of the basin of the Gavaraget River flowing into Lake Sevan","authors":"V. Margaryan, H. Sayadyan, A. Sedrakyan","doi":"10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-619-630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-619-630","url":null,"abstract":"The results of studies of the current hydro-chemical state and water-ecological problems of the Gavaraget River basin, which flows into Lake Sevan from the north-west, are presented. Extreme water discharge, ten-day flow, ecological output have been determined, water-ecological features have been identified, long-term dynamics of the main indicators characterizing the ecological state of the Gavaraget River, spatial-temporal changes in winter and summer-autumn ten-day flow have been shown, the hydro-chemical state has been presented, the main water-ecological problems of this basin and ways to solve them were proposed, the physical and chemical state of Gavaraget water was clarified in accordance with the standards and requirements for water quality, and the level of risk was indicated. It has been clarified that the annual runoff in the basin basically follows the general features of the annual precipitation regime: the minimum amount falls in winter, and the maximum in spring. It is shown that Gavaraget is one of the most polluted rivers in the Lake Sevan basin. It was revealed that it is mainly contaminated with untreated domestic wastewater and agricultural return water. It was found that as the impact of anthropogenic load increases, river water pollution increases from the source to the mouth of the river. The water quality in the upper part of Gavaraget (0.5 km upstream from the village of Tsaghkashen) is excellently characterized as “excellent” (I) and “good” (II), in the lower part (at the river mouth) with “moderate” (III) and “unsatisfactory” (IV) class. The research results can be useful in solving geo-ecological problems, managing aquatic ecosystems, determining ecological flow, assessing risks, predicting water disasters, protecting river ecosystems from degradation, etc.","PeriodicalId":37608,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139331935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-640-649
Natalya Orlova, E. Kamenetsky, Maria Volik, Zarina Besaeva
Introduction. At present, the study of the movement of falling rock (collapses of rocks), the causes of their occurrence, as well as their influence on other slope processes is an important field of research. These studies are based on both theoretical knowledge and experimental observations. Separately, it is necessary to highlight the methods of mathematical and computer modeling, which are widely used in cases where experimental data are not enough. The study of the influence of the slope angle and the slope height (on which the falling rock mass was located at the initial moment of time) on the affected area was made using the methods of mathematical and computer modeling. Materials and methods. Two-fluid model based on the continuum approach and the kinetic theory of granular gas was used for a theoretical study of the movement of falling rock along the slope. The model takes into account the fluidization of the falling mass flow, and its implementation does not require the use of powerful computing resources. The modeling results obtained using the two-fluid model were compared with the results of an experimental study on the collapse of dolomite particles (average diameter 5 mm) carried out in the laboratory. The values of the slope height varied from 35 cm to 86 cm, the values of the slope angle varied from 35 degrees to 53 degrees in accordance with the experimental data. The results and discussion. The graphs of the distance of the rock run after its collapse in the dependence of the slope height and the slope angle were plotted. It is found that the calculation results are in good agreement with the experimental data (the relative error does not exceed 11%) for relatively large values of the slope angle. The results of calculations of the distance of the rock run are somewhat overestimated relative to the experimental data for small values of the slope angle. It is found that the affected area of dolomite particles increases with increasing slope angle and slope height. It should be noted that the affected area depends more on the values of the slope angle than on the height of the slope. If the slope is steeper (the value of the slope angle is greater), than the affected area is greater. Conclusion. The calculation results obtained using the two-fluid model describe the experimental data of the rock collapse satisfactorily. The results of calculations of the distance of the rock run are in good agreement with the experimental data (the relative error does not exceed 11%) for relatively large values of the slope angle. It is found that the distance of the rock run after its collapse depends more on the values of the slope angle than on the height of the slope. Resume. The research results can be useful in estimating the distance of the rock run after its collapse, as well as in developing a methodology for assessing affected areas during rock falls. The direction of future research is to improve the two-fluid model based on the continu
{"title":"Modeling of falling rock","authors":"Natalya Orlova, E. Kamenetsky, Maria Volik, Zarina Besaeva","doi":"10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-640-649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-640-649","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. At present, the study of the movement of falling rock (collapses of rocks), the causes of their occurrence, as well as their influence on other slope processes is an important field of research. These studies are based on both theoretical knowledge and experimental observations. Separately, it is necessary to highlight the methods of mathematical and computer modeling, which are widely used in cases where experimental data are not enough. The study of the influence of the slope angle and the slope height (on which the falling rock mass was located at the initial moment of time) on the affected area was made using the methods of mathematical and computer modeling. Materials and methods. Two-fluid model based on the continuum approach and the kinetic theory of granular gas was used for a theoretical study of the movement of falling rock along the slope. The model takes into account the fluidization of the falling mass flow, and its implementation does not require the use of powerful computing resources. The modeling results obtained using the two-fluid model were compared with the results of an experimental study on the collapse of dolomite particles (average diameter 5 mm) carried out in the laboratory. The values of the slope height varied from 35 cm to 86 cm, the values of the slope angle varied from 35 degrees to 53 degrees in accordance with the experimental data. The results and discussion. The graphs of the distance of the rock run after its collapse in the dependence of the slope height and the slope angle were plotted. It is found that the calculation results are in good agreement with the experimental data (the relative error does not exceed 11%) for relatively large values of the slope angle. The results of calculations of the distance of the rock run are somewhat overestimated relative to the experimental data for small values of the slope angle. It is found that the affected area of dolomite particles increases with increasing slope angle and slope height. It should be noted that the affected area depends more on the values of the slope angle than on the height of the slope. If the slope is steeper (the value of the slope angle is greater), than the affected area is greater. Conclusion. The calculation results obtained using the two-fluid model describe the experimental data of the rock collapse satisfactorily. The results of calculations of the distance of the rock run are in good agreement with the experimental data (the relative error does not exceed 11%) for relatively large values of the slope angle. It is found that the distance of the rock run after its collapse depends more on the values of the slope angle than on the height of the slope. Resume. The research results can be useful in estimating the distance of the rock run after its collapse, as well as in developing a methodology for assessing affected areas during rock falls. The direction of future research is to improve the two-fluid model based on the continu","PeriodicalId":37608,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139333373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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