Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-590-605
Galina Dvoichenkova, Alexander Timofeev, Alexey Masanov, Elena Chernisheva
Introduction. Taking into account the results of experimental bench studies previously carried out at ICEMR RAS on the effectiveness of the use of physical, physico-chemical and electrochemical influences to increase the corrosion resistance of ferrosilicon in the technology of DMS of diamond-containing raw materials of weakly altered kimberlites of the primary deposits of the Mirny ore field, at this stage, their pilot industrial testing was carried out under processing conditions intensively altered ores of deep horizons with the involvement of alluvial and technogenic deposits in the processing of diamond-containing raw materials. Research methods. In accordance with the testing methodology, the tests were carried out in two directions, the ultimate task of which was to create process conditions that ensure the protection of ferrosilicon granules from corrosion destruction caused by their oxidation upon contact with corrosive aqueous systems: 1. Modification of the properties of the liquid phase of the ferrosilicon suspension to values that reduce its corrosiveness towards the surface of ferrosilicon granules (variable factor – properties of the aqueous process medium). 2. Modification of the surface properties of ferrosilicon granules by creating a protective shell on it, preventing their oxidation during contact with corrosive aqueous systems (the variable factor is the surface of the ferrosilicon used: original and coated). Research results. The article presents the results of pilot industrial tests of technical solutions, the implementation of which made it possible to reduce the consumption of ferrosilicon in the dense medium separation cycle of diamondcontaining material using the above methods for modifying the properties of the aqueous medium and ferrosilicon used for the preparation of the ferrosilicon suspension, by increasing the corrosion resistance of the components of the ferrosilicon suspension. Discussion of research results. A comparative assessment of the technological efficiency of the applied methods for modifying the properties of the aqueous phase and ferrosilicon under experimental test conditions was carried out with the determination of ferrosilicon losses in the regeneration cycle of the ferrosilicon suspension and its content in the volume of the ferrosilicon suspension. The use of electrochemically treated water as a reagent for modifying the properties of the components of a ferrosilicon suspension provides a reduction in ferrosilicon consumption by 1.9 times, but is limited by the fairly high power consumption required for processing large volumes of water in the DMS process. The use of inert nitrogen gas as a bubbling agent instead of oxygen-containing air in the ferrosilicon suspension preparation cycle reduces ferrosilicon consumption by 2.5 times while increasing its service life by 1.5 times. However, the use of this method is limited to use only in part of the DMS process – the cycle for preparing a ferrosil
{"title":"Technological efficiency of methods for modifying the properties of ferrosilicium and water systems in the processes of dense medium separation of difficult-rated diamond-containing material","authors":"Galina Dvoichenkova, Alexander Timofeev, Alexey Masanov, Elena Chernisheva","doi":"10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-590-605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-590-605","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Taking into account the results of experimental bench studies previously carried out at ICEMR RAS on the effectiveness of the use of physical, physico-chemical and electrochemical influences to increase the corrosion resistance of ferrosilicon in the technology of DMS of diamond-containing raw materials of weakly altered kimberlites of the primary deposits of the Mirny ore field, at this stage, their pilot industrial testing was carried out under processing conditions intensively altered ores of deep horizons with the involvement of alluvial and technogenic deposits in the processing of diamond-containing raw materials. Research methods. In accordance with the testing methodology, the tests were carried out in two directions, the ultimate task of which was to create process conditions that ensure the protection of ferrosilicon granules from corrosion destruction caused by their oxidation upon contact with corrosive aqueous systems: 1. Modification of the properties of the liquid phase of the ferrosilicon suspension to values that reduce its corrosiveness towards the surface of ferrosilicon granules (variable factor – properties of the aqueous process medium). 2. Modification of the surface properties of ferrosilicon granules by creating a protective shell on it, preventing their oxidation during contact with corrosive aqueous systems (the variable factor is the surface of the ferrosilicon used: original and coated). Research results. The article presents the results of pilot industrial tests of technical solutions, the implementation of which made it possible to reduce the consumption of ferrosilicon in the dense medium separation cycle of diamondcontaining material using the above methods for modifying the properties of the aqueous medium and ferrosilicon used for the preparation of the ferrosilicon suspension, by increasing the corrosion resistance of the components of the ferrosilicon suspension. Discussion of research results. A comparative assessment of the technological efficiency of the applied methods for modifying the properties of the aqueous phase and ferrosilicon under experimental test conditions was carried out with the determination of ferrosilicon losses in the regeneration cycle of the ferrosilicon suspension and its content in the volume of the ferrosilicon suspension. The use of electrochemically treated water as a reagent for modifying the properties of the components of a ferrosilicon suspension provides a reduction in ferrosilicon consumption by 1.9 times, but is limited by the fairly high power consumption required for processing large volumes of water in the DMS process. The use of inert nitrogen gas as a bubbling agent instead of oxygen-containing air in the ferrosilicon suspension preparation cycle reduces ferrosilicon consumption by 2.5 times while increasing its service life by 1.5 times. However, the use of this method is limited to use only in part of the DMS process – the cycle for preparing a ferrosil","PeriodicalId":37608,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","volume":"301 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139333867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-707-719
Aleksander Burdonov, Nadezhda Vchislo, Vyacheslav Barakhtenko, Tatiana Sahabutdinova
Introduction. The article describes the problem of low quality mineral raw materials used for gold mining and considers the possibilities of increasing the efficiency of the technological process of beneficiation of refractory ores. As a result of the study, studies were carried out to study the flotation activity of new collecting reagents and their effect on the surface of sulfide gold-bearing minerals was studied. Research methods and materials. The methods used in the work were NMR, atomic absorption and ultraviolet spectroscopy, electron microscopy, laser diffraction, ore preparation, flotation, and electrophoretic light scattering. To determine the assessment of flotation activity as heteropolar collectors for the flotation of sulfide minerals, a number of synthesized compounds were used: 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol, 5-dimethyl-4-methylidene-1,3-oxathiolane-2-thione and 2. 2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentyl sodium xanthate. Sulfide ore was used to conduct laboratory flotation studies; the monomineral pyrite was used to study the sorption of the reagent and determine the zeta potential of the surface. The following reagents were also used in the experiment: activator – copper sulfate; heteropolar collectors – potassium butylxanthate (BCX), sodium dialkyldithiophosphate (BTF-1552); organic carbon depressor – beta-sulfonaphthalene formaldehyde sodium salt (oroflos D); blowing agent – methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC). Research results and discussion. The synthesis of collecting reagents based on various chemical reactions was carried out and their flotation activity was studied. Several promising compounds have been obtained that have shown results when used as heteropolar collectors for the flotation of sulfide minerals. The research results showed that one of the synthesized reagents, 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol, has a positive effect on gold recovery during flotation. This reagent increases recovery by 0.18% and 1.46% when used together with other reagents. It also increases recovery by 1.81% when used alone. This suggests that 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol can be used as a replacement for one of the main heteropolar collectors. Determination of UV spectra showed the sorption of 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol on the surface of pyrite with an amount of up to 2.388·10-5 mol/m2 depending on the initial concentration of the reagent. The results of determining the zeta potential showed that the reagents significantly reduce this indicator, indicating electrostatic interaction and adsorption of the reagents on the pyrite surface. Conclusion. Overall, this paper describes the development of new harvesting reagents and their effects on the surface of sulfide gold-bearing minerals. The results of the study suggest the possibility of using 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol as a replacement for one of the main collectors in flotation. Resume. The article presents the results of studies assessing the flotation activity of a number of synthesized compounds: 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol, 5-dimethyl-4-methyl
{"title":"Synthesized collectors flotation activity study based on fluorine containing and acetylene alcohols","authors":"Aleksander Burdonov, Nadezhda Vchislo, Vyacheslav Barakhtenko, Tatiana Sahabutdinova","doi":"10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-707-719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-707-719","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article describes the problem of low quality mineral raw materials used for gold mining and considers the possibilities of increasing the efficiency of the technological process of beneficiation of refractory ores. As a result of the study, studies were carried out to study the flotation activity of new collecting reagents and their effect on the surface of sulfide gold-bearing minerals was studied. Research methods and materials. The methods used in the work were NMR, atomic absorption and ultraviolet spectroscopy, electron microscopy, laser diffraction, ore preparation, flotation, and electrophoretic light scattering. To determine the assessment of flotation activity as heteropolar collectors for the flotation of sulfide minerals, a number of synthesized compounds were used: 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol, 5-dimethyl-4-methylidene-1,3-oxathiolane-2-thione and 2. 2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentyl sodium xanthate. Sulfide ore was used to conduct laboratory flotation studies; the monomineral pyrite was used to study the sorption of the reagent and determine the zeta potential of the surface. The following reagents were also used in the experiment: activator – copper sulfate; heteropolar collectors – potassium butylxanthate (BCX), sodium dialkyldithiophosphate (BTF-1552); organic carbon depressor – beta-sulfonaphthalene formaldehyde sodium salt (oroflos D); blowing agent – methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC). Research results and discussion. The synthesis of collecting reagents based on various chemical reactions was carried out and their flotation activity was studied. Several promising compounds have been obtained that have shown results when used as heteropolar collectors for the flotation of sulfide minerals. The research results showed that one of the synthesized reagents, 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol, has a positive effect on gold recovery during flotation. This reagent increases recovery by 0.18% and 1.46% when used together with other reagents. It also increases recovery by 1.81% when used alone. This suggests that 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol can be used as a replacement for one of the main heteropolar collectors. Determination of UV spectra showed the sorption of 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol on the surface of pyrite with an amount of up to 2.388·10-5 mol/m2 depending on the initial concentration of the reagent. The results of determining the zeta potential showed that the reagents significantly reduce this indicator, indicating electrostatic interaction and adsorption of the reagents on the pyrite surface. Conclusion. Overall, this paper describes the development of new harvesting reagents and their effects on the surface of sulfide gold-bearing minerals. The results of the study suggest the possibility of using 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol as a replacement for one of the main collectors in flotation. Resume. The article presents the results of studies assessing the flotation activity of a number of synthesized compounds: 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol, 5-dimethyl-4-methyl","PeriodicalId":37608,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","volume":"36 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139332541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction. By burning coal, thermal power plants receive thermal energy and generate electrical energy. The negative side of this process is the formation of ash and slag waste. The relevance and significance of this problem is due to the fact that technogenic waste from the CHP is not processed, and current ash waste accumulates and occupies huge areas, which removes them from land use. This problem is especially relevant for Almaty, where ash and slag waste from the burning of coal from the Ekibastuz deposit in Kazakhstan is concentrated. Currently, in Kazakhstan, ash and slag waste from thermal power plants is accumulated in the amount of more than 500 million rubles, the reserves of which continue every year. The storage of ash and slag waste leads not only to the seizure of significant land areas, but also causes very significant pollution of almost all environmental components in the area of their location. Therefore, at mining enterprises that have their own thermal power plants, it is very urgent to solve the issues of reducing the burden on the environment by developing technologies for the disposal of ash and slag using them in the production of road surfaces. The purpose of the research. The study of the physico-chemical properties of ash and slag waste to reduce the anthropogenic load on the environment. Research materials. For the research, samples of Ekibastuz coal ash taken from the ash dumps of the CHPP-3 in Almaty were used. Research methods. The work was carried out using a DRON-3M diffractometer to determine the phase composition of ash and slag waste. The chemical composition of fly ash was determined by the X-ray fluorescence spectrometer EDX-8000. The granulometric composition was analyzed using an Analizette 22 MicroTec Fritsch GmbH (Germany). Microphotography of fly ash was taken using a Superprobe-733 scanning electron microscope with software. To determine the physical and mechanical properties of the bases using bitumen-ash-slag binder, the crushed stonegravel-sand mixture is initially mixed with ash-slag. From the finished bitumen – mineral mixture, samples are prepared by pressing – cylinders with a size of 5x5 cm. The ultimate strength was determined for two types of samples. The first are dry, tested immediately after receiving samples by pressing, the second are samples that are tested after water saturation. Research results and discussion. Based on the study of the physic-mechanical properties of the binder with the use of ash and slag, a technology for obtaining BZSHV has been developed. Various compositions are proposed – types of bitumen, depending on the type of base of asphalt concrete mixtures. Studies have shown that the introduction of ash and ash-slag mixtures from the burning of stone and brown coals as a mineral powder for the preparation of asphalt concrete mixtures makes it possible to obtain a material with regulatory physic-chemical characteristics. Conclusion. The results of the study of the ma
{"title":"Technology of utilization and use of ash and slag waste to ensure environmental safety at the region","authors":"Marzhan Nurpeisova, Zatkali Estemesov, Natalia Fedotenko, Syrym Gabbasov","doi":"10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-631-639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-631-639","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. By burning coal, thermal power plants receive thermal energy and generate electrical energy. The negative side of this process is the formation of ash and slag waste. The relevance and significance of this problem is due to the fact that technogenic waste from the CHP is not processed, and current ash waste accumulates and occupies huge areas, which removes them from land use. This problem is especially relevant for Almaty, where ash and slag waste from the burning of coal from the Ekibastuz deposit in Kazakhstan is concentrated. Currently, in Kazakhstan, ash and slag waste from thermal power plants is accumulated in the amount of more than 500 million rubles, the reserves of which continue every year. The storage of ash and slag waste leads not only to the seizure of significant land areas, but also causes very significant pollution of almost all environmental components in the area of their location. Therefore, at mining enterprises that have their own thermal power plants, it is very urgent to solve the issues of reducing the burden on the environment by developing technologies for the disposal of ash and slag using them in the production of road surfaces. The purpose of the research. The study of the physico-chemical properties of ash and slag waste to reduce the anthropogenic load on the environment. Research materials. For the research, samples of Ekibastuz coal ash taken from the ash dumps of the CHPP-3 in Almaty were used. Research methods. The work was carried out using a DRON-3M diffractometer to determine the phase composition of ash and slag waste. The chemical composition of fly ash was determined by the X-ray fluorescence spectrometer EDX-8000. The granulometric composition was analyzed using an Analizette 22 MicroTec Fritsch GmbH (Germany). Microphotography of fly ash was taken using a Superprobe-733 scanning electron microscope with software. To determine the physical and mechanical properties of the bases using bitumen-ash-slag binder, the crushed stonegravel-sand mixture is initially mixed with ash-slag. From the finished bitumen – mineral mixture, samples are prepared by pressing – cylinders with a size of 5x5 cm. The ultimate strength was determined for two types of samples. The first are dry, tested immediately after receiving samples by pressing, the second are samples that are tested after water saturation. Research results and discussion. Based on the study of the physic-mechanical properties of the binder with the use of ash and slag, a technology for obtaining BZSHV has been developed. Various compositions are proposed – types of bitumen, depending on the type of base of asphalt concrete mixtures. Studies have shown that the introduction of ash and ash-slag mixtures from the burning of stone and brown coals as a mineral powder for the preparation of asphalt concrete mixtures makes it possible to obtain a material with regulatory physic-chemical characteristics. Conclusion. The results of the study of the ma","PeriodicalId":37608,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139333466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-581-589
Aleksandеr Vorobyov, Maret Madaeva, Gulmira Kozhogulova, Milana Udaeva
Introduction. In recent years, issues of analyzing the mechanisms of formation of nanoparticles in rock mass have become increasingly relevant. It is necessary to take into account that nanoparticles have a fundamentally different genesis: they can be nanoparticles formed in various minerals, or formed in subsequent stages, through chemical synthesis and self-grinding. Research methods and materials. The main method for studying zircon grains is the use of scanning ion imaging of zircon, which allows one to detect the presence of lead-rich clots and, together with computed tomography data, confirm their size of tens of nanometers. Research results. The article briefly presents the morphology of the mechanism of formation of natural nano-sized particles formed due to the friction of rocks among themselves and the geometric destruction of their individual varieties, which are ubiquitous, global in nature. It has been determined that the variety of structures of nanoparticles with their corresponding properties of the minerals in question has begun to find wide application in industry. It has been established that, based on this trend in technological development, it is important to study the structure of nanoparticles in order to obtain them artificially without spending resources on their extraction in the natural environment. The mechanism of formation of gold nanoparticles in river waters and the presence of nanoparticles of various metals in them are sho wn. Discussion of research results. Through observations during analysis of crystallographic studies, it was established that spherical iron nanoparticles have the greatest magnetic saturation. Conclusion. It has been established that iron nanoparticles have a chemical and biological mechanism of formation, i.e. almost biosphere genesis. Conclusions on the article. Various types of nanoparticles found in rocks are considered and various mechanisms of their formation in the lithosphere are revealed. Suggestions for practical applications and directions for future research. Future research is needed to prevent landslides in the Shatoi region in the village of Gush-kert in the Chechen Republic.
{"title":"Analysis of the nanoparticles formation mechanisms in the rock mass","authors":"Aleksandеr Vorobyov, Maret Madaeva, Gulmira Kozhogulova, Milana Udaeva","doi":"10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-581-589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-581-589","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In recent years, issues of analyzing the mechanisms of formation of nanoparticles in rock mass have become increasingly relevant. It is necessary to take into account that nanoparticles have a fundamentally different genesis: they can be nanoparticles formed in various minerals, or formed in subsequent stages, through chemical synthesis and self-grinding. Research methods and materials. The main method for studying zircon grains is the use of scanning ion imaging of zircon, which allows one to detect the presence of lead-rich clots and, together with computed tomography data, confirm their size of tens of nanometers. Research results. The article briefly presents the morphology of the mechanism of formation of natural nano-sized particles formed due to the friction of rocks among themselves and the geometric destruction of their individual varieties, which are ubiquitous, global in nature. It has been determined that the variety of structures of nanoparticles with their corresponding properties of the minerals in question has begun to find wide application in industry. It has been established that, based on this trend in technological development, it is important to study the structure of nanoparticles in order to obtain them artificially without spending resources on their extraction in the natural environment. The mechanism of formation of gold nanoparticles in river waters and the presence of nanoparticles of various metals in them are sho wn. Discussion of research results. Through observations during analysis of crystallographic studies, it was established that spherical iron nanoparticles have the greatest magnetic saturation. Conclusion. It has been established that iron nanoparticles have a chemical and biological mechanism of formation, i.e. almost biosphere genesis. Conclusions on the article. Various types of nanoparticles found in rocks are considered and various mechanisms of their formation in the lithosphere are revealed. Suggestions for practical applications and directions for future research. Future research is needed to prevent landslides in the Shatoi region in the village of Gush-kert in the Chechen Republic.","PeriodicalId":37608,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139331908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-771-783
Sergey Repin, Alexander Afanasyev, Viktor Dobromirov, Vladislav Barsukov
Introduction. During the reconstruction and technical re-equipment of various mining facilities, there is a need for the processing of concrete and reinforced concrete products that require environmental protection. The article analyzes innovative methods of destruction of hard rocks based on the use of electrohydraulic effect. The possibility of their use as an alternative environmentally friendly method of recycling reinforced concrete products is evaluated. A schematic diagram of an electrohydraulic installation for use for these purposes is presented. Based on the analysis of the mechanism of destruction of concrete and reinforced concrete products, the main electrical parameters that ensure the effectiveness of its application are substantiated. An assessment of the effectiveness of the implementation of the proposed technology in the process of recycling reinforced concrete structures was carried out. Materials and methods. After the main dismantling activities, the issue of removal and utilization of construction waste is solved, which requires its shredding. When using electrohydraulic technology for demolition of reinforced concrete, this production process includes: prior to processing – segmentation of structures by means of excavator hydraulic shears into fragments up to 1 m3 in size; placing them on the support grid of the EGU bath filled with water; grounding of the fittings; installation of working arresters in the bath and energizing of the EGU; after treatment – removal of the reinforcement cleaned from concrete from the bathtub; removal of the basket with concrete rubble from the EGU; storage of treatment products; installation of the released basket in place. Results and discussion. As a result of the research the organization of the production process of recycling of reinforced concrete fragments of building structure during their disposal using the technology of electrohydraulic crushing of concrete blocks at the site of their dismantling is proposed. Rational values of parameters of the organization of the destruction process in the EGU have been established: the distance from the arrester axis to the point of reinforced concrete blocks in the liquid volume; capacitance of the capacitor block; voltage at the moment of breakdown; inductance of the discharge circuit; cyclic frequency of oscillations. When using water as a working fluid, it is reasonable to vary the frequency of discharge pulses within 0.5...2.0 Hz. It has been established that the productivity of the single-electrode unit at the destruction of reinforced concrete to the final coarseness of 20 mm reaches 100 kg/h at a specific energy consumption of 120 kW/t. The use of 4-electrode EGU can ensure the crushing of one ton of reinforced concrete to a fraction of 20 mm in 2.5 hours. Increasing the overall environmental friendliness of the whole process of utilization of reinforced concrete products can be ensured by replacing the mechanical destruction of products b
{"title":"Innovative method for disposal of waste of monolithic building structures","authors":"Sergey Repin, Alexander Afanasyev, Viktor Dobromirov, Vladislav Barsukov","doi":"10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-771-783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-771-783","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. During the reconstruction and technical re-equipment of various mining facilities, there is a need for the processing of concrete and reinforced concrete products that require environmental protection. The article analyzes innovative methods of destruction of hard rocks based on the use of electrohydraulic effect. The possibility of their use as an alternative environmentally friendly method of recycling reinforced concrete products is evaluated. A schematic diagram of an electrohydraulic installation for use for these purposes is presented. Based on the analysis of the mechanism of destruction of concrete and reinforced concrete products, the main electrical parameters that ensure the effectiveness of its application are substantiated. An assessment of the effectiveness of the implementation of the proposed technology in the process of recycling reinforced concrete structures was carried out. Materials and methods. After the main dismantling activities, the issue of removal and utilization of construction waste is solved, which requires its shredding. When using electrohydraulic technology for demolition of reinforced concrete, this production process includes: prior to processing – segmentation of structures by means of excavator hydraulic shears into fragments up to 1 m3 in size; placing them on the support grid of the EGU bath filled with water; grounding of the fittings; installation of working arresters in the bath and energizing of the EGU; after treatment – removal of the reinforcement cleaned from concrete from the bathtub; removal of the basket with concrete rubble from the EGU; storage of treatment products; installation of the released basket in place. Results and discussion. As a result of the research the organization of the production process of recycling of reinforced concrete fragments of building structure during their disposal using the technology of electrohydraulic crushing of concrete blocks at the site of their dismantling is proposed. Rational values of parameters of the organization of the destruction process in the EGU have been established: the distance from the arrester axis to the point of reinforced concrete blocks in the liquid volume; capacitance of the capacitor block; voltage at the moment of breakdown; inductance of the discharge circuit; cyclic frequency of oscillations. When using water as a working fluid, it is reasonable to vary the frequency of discharge pulses within 0.5...2.0 Hz. It has been established that the productivity of the single-electrode unit at the destruction of reinforced concrete to the final coarseness of 20 mm reaches 100 kg/h at a specific energy consumption of 120 kW/t. The use of 4-electrode EGU can ensure the crushing of one ton of reinforced concrete to a fraction of 20 mm in 2.5 hours. Increasing the overall environmental friendliness of the whole process of utilization of reinforced concrete products can be ensured by replacing the mechanical destruction of products b","PeriodicalId":37608,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139332263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-606-618
S. Kryuchkov, A. Solonkin, A. Solomentseva, S. Egorov
Introduction. The article presents the results of studying the pedunculate oak, which is one of the most valuable species for use in forest plantations for various purposes – from protective to anti-erosion and landscaping. Despite the wide range and ecological plasticity, plantations with oak trees very often cannot be restored naturally, which makes the work especially relevant. The last decades have been marked by a comprehensive study of the genetic resources of natural oak populations, as the threat of their loss arises with all evidence. The purpose of the research was to study the growth and development of oak forests in specially protected natural territories of the Volgograd region for the selection and preservation of parent species with a high degree of adaptation to local climatic conditions when creating nurseries and forest-seed facilities. The objects of the research were populations of the oak tree – Quercus robur L., the observation points were the lost complex reserve “Pereshchepnovsky”, “Kozlovskaya forest dacha”, protected areas “Tingutinskaya forest dacha” and “Chapurnikovskaya beam” with different soil and climatic conditions. Materials and methods. During the research, phytogeography methods were used for spatial study of vegetation of territories, the growth of oaks, their crown projection, shoot growth, number of leaves, weight of acorns during shedding, resistance to freezing and drought were studied. Results. As a result of the research, it was revealed that in the natural conditions of the Kotovsky and Rudnyansky districts, the petiolate oak is characterized by the best growth and frost resistance, but its drought resistance, electrolyte yield and turgorescence are noticeably less than those of oaks growing in the conditions of the Svetloyarsky district, which is explained by the adaptation of species to drought and, as a consequence, high drought resistance. It was found out that in the conditions of the Pereshchepnovskaya ridge, oaks are in satisfactory condition and low productivity, shrinking stands make up 15%. On the territory of the Tingutinsky forest cottage, the oak has no undergrowth and natural renewal, which is due to the strong erosive dissection of the landscape and the close level of groundwater occurrence. The results of the research are promising when using zoned improved and varietal seeds in solving the problem of the organization system of oak forest seed production, for this it is necessary to create nurseries and seed facilities for mass production of seeds with improved hereditary properties, preservation of oak collections in areas of specially protected natural territories, replenishment of lost populations. Discussion. Petiolate oak is the most valuable species for afforestation, its wide range indicates great plasticity, large differences in natural and forest-growing conditions in the areas of the studied specially protected and lost natural territories are the reason for its form diversity.
{"title":"Bioecological characteristics of unique natural and artificial oak populations on semi-desert landscapes in the Volgograd Region","authors":"S. Kryuchkov, A. Solonkin, A. Solomentseva, S. Egorov","doi":"10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-606-618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-606-618","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article presents the results of studying the pedunculate oak, which is one of the most valuable species for use in forest plantations for various purposes – from protective to anti-erosion and landscaping. Despite the wide range and ecological plasticity, plantations with oak trees very often cannot be restored naturally, which makes the work especially relevant. The last decades have been marked by a comprehensive study of the genetic resources of natural oak populations, as the threat of their loss arises with all evidence. The purpose of the research was to study the growth and development of oak forests in specially protected natural territories of the Volgograd region for the selection and preservation of parent species with a high degree of adaptation to local climatic conditions when creating nurseries and forest-seed facilities. The objects of the research were populations of the oak tree – Quercus robur L., the observation points were the lost complex reserve “Pereshchepnovsky”, “Kozlovskaya forest dacha”, protected areas “Tingutinskaya forest dacha” and “Chapurnikovskaya beam” with different soil and climatic conditions. Materials and methods. During the research, phytogeography methods were used for spatial study of vegetation of territories, the growth of oaks, their crown projection, shoot growth, number of leaves, weight of acorns during shedding, resistance to freezing and drought were studied. Results. As a result of the research, it was revealed that in the natural conditions of the Kotovsky and Rudnyansky districts, the petiolate oak is characterized by the best growth and frost resistance, but its drought resistance, electrolyte yield and turgorescence are noticeably less than those of oaks growing in the conditions of the Svetloyarsky district, which is explained by the adaptation of species to drought and, as a consequence, high drought resistance. It was found out that in the conditions of the Pereshchepnovskaya ridge, oaks are in satisfactory condition and low productivity, shrinking stands make up 15%. On the territory of the Tingutinsky forest cottage, the oak has no undergrowth and natural renewal, which is due to the strong erosive dissection of the landscape and the close level of groundwater occurrence. The results of the research are promising when using zoned improved and varietal seeds in solving the problem of the organization system of oak forest seed production, for this it is necessary to create nurseries and seed facilities for mass production of seeds with improved hereditary properties, preservation of oak collections in areas of specially protected natural territories, replenishment of lost populations. Discussion. Petiolate oak is the most valuable species for afforestation, its wide range indicates great plasticity, large differences in natural and forest-growing conditions in the areas of the studied specially protected and lost natural territories are the reason for its form diversity.","PeriodicalId":37608,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139332486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-505-515
Pavel Afanasev
Introduction. Drilling and blasting operations are carried out in various mining and geological conditions. The pressure transmitted from the detonation wave into the rock is an important factor affecting the parameters of the borehole network. At the same time, the calculation of the parameters of shock waves in engineering practice is not accompanied by the analysis of changes in the detonation wave parameters when passing to the rock. At decomposition of the explosive inside the borehole, the movement of the detonation wave along its surface is characterized by normal and sliding incidence. At the moment of initiation, at the initial stage, the incidence of the detonation wave on the borehole surface is normal; later, when the detonation wave propagates along the surface, a sliding interaction occurs. This sliding motion is the main one, since the detonation wave front proper, which moves along the borehole, does not have a strong surface curvature. Refraction of the detonation wave is not always possible directly into the rock, since the medium near the explosive can be surrounded by an air or aquatic medium. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account possible options for the performance of drilling and blasting operations: a radial air gap and the presence of water between the explosive and the rock. As a rule, the occurrence of an air gap shows up in case of intense fracturing of the massif, the use of hoses of a smaller diameter than the drilled borehole. The presence of water between the explosive and the rock depends on the rate of water inflow into the borehole and can be also due to breaching the charging technology, when charging of the borehole under the water column is neglected. The presence of inert media, such as water and air, change the detonation pressure and the velocity of detonation products acting on the rock; therefore, it is necessary to analyze the parameters of the explosive cavity wall for various types of refraction of the detonation waves and on the basis of such analysis, substantiate your choice of the characteristics of the explosive. Research methods and materials. Assessment of the detonation wave parameters is based on the hydrodynamic theory of detonation with the calculation of the indicators of gaseous explosion products using the method proposed by L.V. Landau and K.P. Stanyukovich. Estimation of stress wave parameters in the massif is based on the solution of the Riemann problem of the breakdown of an arbitrary discontinuity when the detonation products (DP) refract into different media (Fig. 1). In the first case, the “DP – rock” is considered; in the second case, the “DP – air medium – rock” and in the third one, the “DP – aquatic medium – rock”. Discussion of research results. It was revealed: when a detonation wave is refracted through an aquatic medium into siltstone, the pressure values on the explosive cavity wall will be higher than without an iner t medium. Thus, for acoustically softer rock
{"title":"Analysis of shock wave parameters at the explosive cavity wall during refraction of detonation waves through the air and water","authors":"Pavel Afanasev","doi":"10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-505-515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-3-505-515","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Drilling and blasting operations are carried out in various mining and geological conditions. The pressure transmitted from the detonation wave into the rock is an important factor affecting the parameters of the borehole network. At the same time, the calculation of the parameters of shock waves in engineering practice is not accompanied by the analysis of changes in the detonation wave parameters when passing to the rock. At decomposition of the explosive inside the borehole, the movement of the detonation wave along its surface is characterized by normal and sliding incidence. At the moment of initiation, at the initial stage, the incidence of the detonation wave on the borehole surface is normal; later, when the detonation wave propagates along the surface, a sliding interaction occurs. This sliding motion is the main one, since the detonation wave front proper, which moves along the borehole, does not have a strong surface curvature. Refraction of the detonation wave is not always possible directly into the rock, since the medium near the explosive can be surrounded by an air or aquatic medium. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account possible options for the performance of drilling and blasting operations: a radial air gap and the presence of water between the explosive and the rock. As a rule, the occurrence of an air gap shows up in case of intense fracturing of the massif, the use of hoses of a smaller diameter than the drilled borehole. The presence of water between the explosive and the rock depends on the rate of water inflow into the borehole and can be also due to breaching the charging technology, when charging of the borehole under the water column is neglected. The presence of inert media, such as water and air, change the detonation pressure and the velocity of detonation products acting on the rock; therefore, it is necessary to analyze the parameters of the explosive cavity wall for various types of refraction of the detonation waves and on the basis of such analysis, substantiate your choice of the characteristics of the explosive. Research methods and materials. Assessment of the detonation wave parameters is based on the hydrodynamic theory of detonation with the calculation of the indicators of gaseous explosion products using the method proposed by L.V. Landau and K.P. Stanyukovich. Estimation of stress wave parameters in the massif is based on the solution of the Riemann problem of the breakdown of an arbitrary discontinuity when the detonation products (DP) refract into different media (Fig. 1). In the first case, the “DP – rock” is considered; in the second case, the “DP – air medium – rock” and in the third one, the “DP – aquatic medium – rock”. Discussion of research results. It was revealed: when a detonation wave is refracted through an aquatic medium into siltstone, the pressure values on the explosive cavity wall will be higher than without an iner t medium. Thus, for acoustically softer rock","PeriodicalId":37608,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","volume":"138 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139332493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Yaeko Nogami’s Travelogue about the Basque Country: Implications for a “Trans” Perspective for Basque Studies","authors":"Shota Hagio","doi":"10.5070/t23259328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/t23259328","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37608,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85030805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editors Note","authors":"Aitor Anduaga, J. Gaztañaga","doi":"10.5070/t23261580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/t23261580","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37608,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79491986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Memories of ‘Basque Violence’ political violence, conflict, and reconciliation in the perspective of cultural narratology: a transdisciplinary and transnational paradigm?","authors":"P. Eser","doi":"10.5070/t23259983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/t23259983","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37608,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87050599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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