{"title":"Beyond Multidisciplinarity . . . and Interdisciplinarity. Transdisciplinarity and the history of Basque Studies","authors":"Aitor Anduaga","doi":"10.5070/t23259327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/t23259327","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37608,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87671075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Erronka(s) and a Transdisciplinary Approach for Basque Studies","authors":"J. Gaztañaga","doi":"10.5070/t23259325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/t23259325","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37608,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87126655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Book Review: \"Indigenizing Philosophy through the Land: A Trickster Methodology for Decolonizing Environmental Ethics and Indigenous Futures\"","authors":"Kyle Bladow","doi":"10.5070/t23252216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/t23252216","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37608,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85013850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Basque Diaspora before Paul: Deferred Identities, Food and Music for a Transdisciplinary Approach to Basque Studies","authors":"Iker Arranz","doi":"10.5070/t23259822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/t23259822","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37608,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82559181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-2-317-325
M. Oborin
Introduction. Mountainous territories in Russia are an important element of the development potential, especially this direction is relevant in the field of tourist and recreational services. Many subjects of the Russian Federation have a certain area that falls on mountainous areas. Domestic and international practice has convincingly shown that they can contribute to the growth of socio-economic indicators of the region due to successful integration into the economic system. At the same time, there are a number of objective restrictions on the development of active types of tourism associated with increased risks of some of them, such as the North Caucasus. The article discusses the main types of active recreation in the highlands, problems and prospects of the tourism industry development in the North Caucasus Federal District. The conclusion is made about the sustainable development of this type of tourism in the North Caucasus. The purpose of the study is to analyze the problems and conditions of effective development of the mountainous territories of the North Caucasus. Materials and methods. The information base of the research was the scientific and methodological developments of domestic authors on the problem under study, national and regional concepts, strategies and programs for the development of tourism in the Russian Federation until 2035. The research methodology is the scientific analysis and systematization of the data obtained. In the course of the research, general scientific methods and approaches were applied: abstraction, analysis and synthesis, logical method; systematic approach. Results and discussion. According to most experts, the effective and sustainable development of the tourism industry in the mountainous territories of the North Caucasus Federal District requires, first of all, the formation of appropriate legal acts concerning mountainous territories at the federal level. Effective development measures should be developed for the mountainous territories of the North Caucasus to attract tourists and form a positive image of the region as a ski resort. Conclusion. The measures taken contribute to the flow of large investments into the region, which, in turn, will help the development of a highly developed tourist and recreational complex in the North Caucasus.
{"title":"Project approach to the development of mountain tourism in the North Caucasus","authors":"M. Oborin","doi":"10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-2-317-325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-2-317-325","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Mountainous territories in Russia are an important element of the development potential, especially this direction is relevant in the field of tourist and recreational services. Many subjects of the Russian Federation have a certain area that falls on mountainous areas. Domestic and international practice has convincingly shown that they can contribute to the growth of socio-economic indicators of the region due to successful integration into the economic system. At the same time, there are a number of objective restrictions on the development of active types of tourism associated with increased risks of some of them, such as the North Caucasus. The article discusses the main types of active recreation in the highlands, problems and prospects of the tourism industry development in the North Caucasus Federal District. The conclusion is made about the sustainable development of this type of tourism in the North Caucasus. The purpose of the study is to analyze the problems and conditions of effective development of the mountainous territories of the North Caucasus. Materials and methods. The information base of the research was the scientific and methodological developments of domestic authors on the problem under study, national and regional concepts, strategies and programs for the development of tourism in the Russian Federation until 2035. The research methodology is the scientific analysis and systematization of the data obtained. In the course of the research, general scientific methods and approaches were applied: abstraction, analysis and synthesis, logical method; systematic approach. Results and discussion. According to most experts, the effective and sustainable development of the tourism industry in the mountainous territories of the North Caucasus Federal District requires, first of all, the formation of appropriate legal acts concerning mountainous territories at the federal level. Effective development measures should be developed for the mountainous territories of the North Caucasus to attract tourists and form a positive image of the region as a ski resort. Conclusion. The measures taken contribute to the flow of large investments into the region, which, in turn, will help the development of a highly developed tourist and recreational complex in the North Caucasus.","PeriodicalId":37608,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42696813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-2-264-274
Gulnar Asanova, O. Merzlyakov, V. Tatarintsev, Nurlugul Unysheva
The purpose of the study. On the basis of an assessment of the conditions and factors affecting the agro landscapes of an agricultural organization, design a set of protective measures aimed at increasing their sustainability. Research methods. The methodological basis was the systematic approach and its variety in the study of landscapes – landscape analysis. The methodological base should include the works of domestic and foreign scientists aimed at solving the problem of conservation of land resources and their protection. Statistical processing of analytical materials was carried out using dispersion and cluster analyses. The cartographic method and methods of GIS technologies were also used in the analysis of areas and modeling of processes. Research results. An agro-ecological assessment of the territory of agricultural land use, with an area of more than 16 thousand hectares, located in the forest-steppe of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, was made. It has been established that the territory is typical and the results obtained can be used in the analysis of sustainability and the development of measures for the protection of agricultural land uses operating in similar natural and climatic conditions in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan. Landscape areas are defined on the map-scheme, conditions and factors influencing the stability of agrolandscapes are described. It has been established that the main limiting factor influencing the stability of the territory is deflation, which manifests itself differently within landscape areas. A scientifically based complex of protective agro-, phyto-, forest reclamation measures has been developed, corresponding to the allocated land categories in the landscape-agro-ecological zoning scheme, aimed at increasing the efficiency and sustainability of agricultural land use. Conclusion. 1. An assessment of the sustainability of landscape areas (agrolandscapes) of an agricultural organization has been made. 2. Unique schematic map of landscape areas, steepness of slopes, erosion hazard of the territory, landscape-erosion zoning, and studied agricultural land use were compiled, the ecological state of the territory was determined. 3. A complex of agro-, phyto-, forest reclamation measures is presented, differentiated according to landscape areas for deflation-hazardous land categories in the landscape-agro-ecological zoning scheme, aimed at their protection and increasing the sustainability of the agricultural land use area. 4. The results of scientific research can be applied by agricultural producers, research institutions, regional and municipal authorities in the organization, planning, monitoring, evaluation and management of land resources in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan.
{"title":"Analysis of the stability of agricultural landscapes in the forest-steppe zone of the Krasnoyarsk region and measures for their protection","authors":"Gulnar Asanova, O. Merzlyakov, V. Tatarintsev, Nurlugul Unysheva","doi":"10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-2-264-274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-2-264-274","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study. On the basis of an assessment of the conditions and factors affecting the agro landscapes of an agricultural organization, design a set of protective measures aimed at increasing their sustainability. Research methods. The methodological basis was the systematic approach and its variety in the study of landscapes – landscape analysis. The methodological base should include the works of domestic and foreign scientists aimed at solving the problem of conservation of land resources and their protection. Statistical processing of analytical materials was carried out using dispersion and cluster analyses. The cartographic method and methods of GIS technologies were also used in the analysis of areas and modeling of processes. Research results. An agro-ecological assessment of the territory of agricultural land use, with an area of more than 16 thousand hectares, located in the forest-steppe of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, was made. It has been established that the territory is typical and the results obtained can be used in the analysis of sustainability and the development of measures for the protection of agricultural land uses operating in similar natural and climatic conditions in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan. Landscape areas are defined on the map-scheme, conditions and factors influencing the stability of agrolandscapes are described. It has been established that the main limiting factor influencing the stability of the territory is deflation, which manifests itself differently within landscape areas. A scientifically based complex of protective agro-, phyto-, forest reclamation measures has been developed, corresponding to the allocated land categories in the landscape-agro-ecological zoning scheme, aimed at increasing the efficiency and sustainability of agricultural land use. Conclusion. 1. An assessment of the sustainability of landscape areas (agrolandscapes) of an agricultural organization has been made. 2. Unique schematic map of landscape areas, steepness of slopes, erosion hazard of the territory, landscape-erosion zoning, and studied agricultural land use were compiled, the ecological state of the territory was determined. 3. A complex of agro-, phyto-, forest reclamation measures is presented, differentiated according to landscape areas for deflation-hazardous land categories in the landscape-agro-ecological zoning scheme, aimed at their protection and increasing the sustainability of the agricultural land use area. 4. The results of scientific research can be applied by agricultural producers, research institutions, regional and municipal authorities in the organization, planning, monitoring, evaluation and management of land resources in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan.","PeriodicalId":37608,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42161255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-2-234-245
S. Balovtsev, O. Skopintseva, E. Kulikova
Introduction. An analysis of the dynamics of the increase in the number of functioning coal mines in the Russian Federation shows that over the past 22 years, the maximum number of new mines has increased dramatically and amounted to (over a decade) 11, which is 1.6 times more than the same maximum value of 7 (new mines commis-sioned over previous decades), for the entire period from 1910 to 2000. The largest number of mine seams currently being developed in the Russian Federation is represented by grades: D, G, GZh, Zh. It has been established that the content of heavy hydrocarbons in the residual gases of Kuzbass and Donbass coals is more than 80%, reaching 98% for Zh and KZh grades. Heavy hydrocarbons pose a great explosion and fire threat to coal mines, which necessitates the study of their composition and content and taking into account the impact on the aerological risks of mines. Objective. Study of the composition and content of heavy hydrocarbons in the residual gases of coal and coal dust and assessment of their impact on the aerological risks of accidents in coal mines. Methodology. To assess the impact of heavy hydrocarbons on the aerological risks of coal mines, the methodology developed by the authors was used to find the area of intersection of hazardous factors in mining and the vulner-abilities of ventilation schemes and methods, characterized by the proportion of probabilities of undesirable events. This methodology has been further developed in assessing and taking into account the impact of heavy hydrocarbons on aerological risks in excavation areas and development workings. The previously assessed mining hazards were supplemented by taking into account the high methane content of the seams, the presence of a critical content of heavy hydrocarbons, and the depth of mining operations. The vulnerability of the schemes and methods of ventilation of the working areas and development workings was manifested at high loads on the stopes, high values of the absolute methane content of the working areas, high speeds of advancement of the working and development faces. Results and discussion. A general pattern has been obtained for the two basins, consisting in the fact that the content of heavy hydrocarbons in the residual gases of coal is more than 80%, reaching 98% for Zh and KZh grades. It was determined that the residual gases of coal dust contain a greater amount of heavy hydrocarbons (up to 91%) compared to the residual gases of coals (87%), with propane and butane predominating. The presence of heavy hydrocarbons in the residual gases of coals under favorable conditions for mining coal seams increases aerological risks by 3.3 times; for the worst conditions, aerological risks due to the influence of heavy hydrocarbons increase only 1.7 times, which is due to the large influence on risk assessment of such factors as the load on the stope, absolute methane abundance, the rate of advance of the face, the depth of mining operations.
{"title":"Assessment of heavy hydrocarbons influence on aerological risks in coal mines","authors":"S. Balovtsev, O. Skopintseva, E. Kulikova","doi":"10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-2-234-245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-2-234-245","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. An analysis of the dynamics of the increase in the number of functioning coal mines in the Russian Federation shows that over the past 22 years, the maximum number of new mines has increased dramatically and amounted to (over a decade) 11, which is 1.6 times more than the same maximum value of 7 (new mines commis-sioned over previous decades), for the entire period from 1910 to 2000. The largest number of mine seams currently being developed in the Russian Federation is represented by grades: D, G, GZh, Zh. It has been established that the content of heavy hydrocarbons in the residual gases of Kuzbass and Donbass coals is more than 80%, reaching 98% for Zh and KZh grades. Heavy hydrocarbons pose a great explosion and fire threat to coal mines, which necessitates the study of their composition and content and taking into account the impact on the aerological risks of mines. Objective. Study of the composition and content of heavy hydrocarbons in the residual gases of coal and coal dust and assessment of their impact on the aerological risks of accidents in coal mines. Methodology. To assess the impact of heavy hydrocarbons on the aerological risks of coal mines, the methodology developed by the authors was used to find the area of intersection of hazardous factors in mining and the vulner-abilities of ventilation schemes and methods, characterized by the proportion of probabilities of undesirable events. This methodology has been further developed in assessing and taking into account the impact of heavy hydrocarbons on aerological risks in excavation areas and development workings. The previously assessed mining hazards were supplemented by taking into account the high methane content of the seams, the presence of a critical content of heavy hydrocarbons, and the depth of mining operations. The vulnerability of the schemes and methods of ventilation of the working areas and development workings was manifested at high loads on the stopes, high values of the absolute methane content of the working areas, high speeds of advancement of the working and development faces. Results and discussion. A general pattern has been obtained for the two basins, consisting in the fact that the content of heavy hydrocarbons in the residual gases of coal is more than 80%, reaching 98% for Zh and KZh grades. It was determined that the residual gases of coal dust contain a greater amount of heavy hydrocarbons (up to 91%) compared to the residual gases of coals (87%), with propane and butane predominating. The presence of heavy hydrocarbons in the residual gases of coals under favorable conditions for mining coal seams increases aerological risks by 3.3 times; for the worst conditions, aerological risks due to the influence of heavy hydrocarbons increase only 1.7 times, which is due to the large influence on risk assessment of such factors as the load on the stope, absolute methane abundance, the rate of advance of the face, the depth of mining operations.","PeriodicalId":37608,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48173403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-2-284-297
I. Bosikov, R. Klyuev, Ivan Silaev
Introduction. The article presents the results of studies of hydrodynamic processes in the quarries of the Klinskoye deposit using methods for controlling them in rock masses. The Klinskoye deposit is planned to be developed by open pits: Klinskoye and Vostochny (hereinafter referred to as Klinskoye), which have a common surface contour, as well as Western, located 370 m north of Klinskoye. Materials and methods. The work was carried out using hydrodynamic, graph-analytical, hydraulic methods, as well as on the basis of probability theory and mathematical statistics. In rocks with pronounced fracturing, to determine the hydrogeological parameters, 5 hydrogeological wells were drilled, located in the direction of the prevailing fracturing and perpendicular to it. Results. It has been established that the main features and conditions of watering of the field are determined by the following factors: climatic conditions of the region; the amount and mode of precipitation and the intensity of evaporation; a complex system of multidirectional faults; features of aquifers; non-pressure regime of fissure-ground underground waters. Discussion. During the operation of the lower part of the section and the drainage of the zone of watered faults, most likely, the influence of drainage from the quarries of the Klinskoye deposit on the systems of domestic and drinking water supply of settlements, as well as the zone of sanitary protection of water supply sources, will not occur, due to the fact that the calculation was made for pressure fractures – veined groundwater of aquifers not used for these purposes. Conclusion. A set of studies has been carried out, including: analysis and generalization of scientific and technical information in the areas of predicting the stability of quarry walls and sloping soil structures, methods for monitoring the state and properties of a rock mass; monitoring of geo-mechanical and hydrodynamic processes in techno-genic soil mass. Resume. Based on the data obtained during pumping, the hydrogeological parameters were determined: filtration coefficients and water conductivity. Suggestions for practical application and direction for future research. The research results can be useful in a comprehensive assessment of hydrodynamic processes in quarries using methods for managing them in rock masses.
{"title":"Comprehensive assessment of hydrodynamic processes in the Klinskoye Quarry with the use of their control methods in rock masses","authors":"I. Bosikov, R. Klyuev, Ivan Silaev","doi":"10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-2-284-297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-2-284-297","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article presents the results of studies of hydrodynamic processes in the quarries of the Klinskoye deposit using methods for controlling them in rock masses. The Klinskoye deposit is planned to be developed by open pits: Klinskoye and Vostochny (hereinafter referred to as Klinskoye), which have a common surface contour, as well as Western, located 370 m north of Klinskoye. Materials and methods. The work was carried out using hydrodynamic, graph-analytical, hydraulic methods, as well as on the basis of probability theory and mathematical statistics. In rocks with pronounced fracturing, to determine the hydrogeological parameters, 5 hydrogeological wells were drilled, located in the direction of the prevailing fracturing and perpendicular to it. Results. It has been established that the main features and conditions of watering of the field are determined by the following factors: climatic conditions of the region; the amount and mode of precipitation and the intensity of evaporation; a complex system of multidirectional faults; features of aquifers; non-pressure regime of fissure-ground underground waters. Discussion. During the operation of the lower part of the section and the drainage of the zone of watered faults, most likely, the influence of drainage from the quarries of the Klinskoye deposit on the systems of domestic and drinking water supply of settlements, as well as the zone of sanitary protection of water supply sources, will not occur, due to the fact that the calculation was made for pressure fractures – veined groundwater of aquifers not used for these purposes. Conclusion. A set of studies has been carried out, including: analysis and generalization of scientific and technical information in the areas of predicting the stability of quarry walls and sloping soil structures, methods for monitoring the state and properties of a rock mass; monitoring of geo-mechanical and hydrodynamic processes in techno-genic soil mass. Resume. Based on the data obtained during pumping, the hydrogeological parameters were determined: filtration coefficients and water conductivity. Suggestions for practical application and direction for future research. The research results can be useful in a comprehensive assessment of hydrodynamic processes in quarries using methods for managing them in rock masses.","PeriodicalId":37608,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44606683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-2-246-255
A. Manaenkov, L. Rybashlykova
The article presents the results of studies of the effectiveness of shrub reclamation on pastures of the Caspian Sea. Introduction. As a result of the outbreak of deflationary desertification of lands that occurred on the territory of the Russian Caspian Sea in the 70-80-ies of the XX century, it became necessary to develop methods for large-scale shrub reclamation of degraded lands. One of the problematic areas where these works were carried out is pastures on light soils of the Astrakhan Volga region. Materials and methods. The study is based on biomonitoring materials and field experiments using standard methods of forest taxation, soil science and geo-botany. Results and discussion. Thanks to the microclimate, the best conditions for the growth of herbaceous vegetation are formed in the spaces between pasture-protective strips with a width of 30 m. The yield of herbage phyto mass on them, both in spring and autumn, is higher by 0.06–0.13 t/ha. With severe damage or destruction of shrub plantations, areas with productive herbage degrade. Reclamation and forage plantations, depending on the age, increase the yield of pastures by 41–85%. The productivity of herbage is everywhere higher on pastures with a complex of pasture-protective and reclamation-forage plantations with teresken at the age of 20-25 years. Сonclusion. It has been established that pasture protection strips from haloxylon, reclamation and fodder plantations from krascheninnikovia and calligonum in the Astrakhan Volga region have been functioning for more than 45 years. It was determined that in forested areas, depending on age, the preservation of saxaul is 14–45% with an average plant height of 2.0–3.2 m. It is shown that the plantings of krascheninnikovia and calligonum on hollow-bumpy and withered plains with light soils at the age of 30–40 years have a safety of 45–70%, have a positive effect on the restorative succession of herbage between rows of shrubs and in the wind-shade zones of strip and backstage plantings. It was revealed that the addition to the pasture forage in the form of an available twig-leaf mass of shrubs in May – August can reach 0.5–4.0 t/ha in dry form. The hay yield of natural forage vegetation under the protection of shrub plantations on improved pastures is 1.2–1.5 times higher compared to unprotected lands and amounts to 0.70–1.60 t/ha. The results of the research can be useful in the phyto-melioration of degraded pastures located on bumpy sandy lands. Suggestions for practical application and direction of future research. The results of the research can be useful in the phytomelioration of degraded pastures located on bumpy sandy lands. An urgent problem remains the development of a system of measures for the care, repair and reconstruction of shrub plantations that can increase their productivity and durability on functioning pastures.
{"title":"Ecological and biological aspects of shrub reclamation of degraded pastures on the bumpy-ridged complexes of Caspian Sea sandy lands","authors":"A. Manaenkov, L. Rybashlykova","doi":"10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-2-246-255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-2-246-255","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of studies of the effectiveness of shrub reclamation on pastures of the Caspian Sea. Introduction. As a result of the outbreak of deflationary desertification of lands that occurred on the territory of the Russian Caspian Sea in the 70-80-ies of the XX century, it became necessary to develop methods for large-scale shrub reclamation of degraded lands. One of the problematic areas where these works were carried out is pastures on light soils of the Astrakhan Volga region. Materials and methods. The study is based on biomonitoring materials and field experiments using standard methods of forest taxation, soil science and geo-botany. Results and discussion. Thanks to the microclimate, the best conditions for the growth of herbaceous vegetation are formed in the spaces between pasture-protective strips with a width of 30 m. The yield of herbage phyto mass on them, both in spring and autumn, is higher by 0.06–0.13 t/ha. With severe damage or destruction of shrub plantations, areas with productive herbage degrade. Reclamation and forage plantations, depending on the age, increase the yield of pastures by 41–85%. The productivity of herbage is everywhere higher on pastures with a complex of pasture-protective and reclamation-forage plantations with teresken at the age of 20-25 years. Сonclusion. It has been established that pasture protection strips from haloxylon, reclamation and fodder plantations from krascheninnikovia and calligonum in the Astrakhan Volga region have been functioning for more than 45 years. It was determined that in forested areas, depending on age, the preservation of saxaul is 14–45% with an average plant height of 2.0–3.2 m. It is shown that the plantings of krascheninnikovia and calligonum on hollow-bumpy and withered plains with light soils at the age of 30–40 years have a safety of 45–70%, have a positive effect on the restorative succession of herbage between rows of shrubs and in the wind-shade zones of strip and backstage plantings. It was revealed that the addition to the pasture forage in the form of an available twig-leaf mass of shrubs in May – August can reach 0.5–4.0 t/ha in dry form. The hay yield of natural forage vegetation under the protection of shrub plantations on improved pastures is 1.2–1.5 times higher compared to unprotected lands and amounts to 0.70–1.60 t/ha. The results of the research can be useful in the phyto-melioration of degraded pastures located on bumpy sandy lands. Suggestions for practical application and direction of future research. The results of the research can be useful in the phytomelioration of degraded pastures located on bumpy sandy lands. An urgent problem remains the development of a system of measures for the care, repair and reconstruction of shrub plantations that can increase their productivity and durability on functioning pastures.","PeriodicalId":37608,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43461086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-2-308-316
T. Utenkova, E. Kremcheev, D. Nagornov, S. Ivanov
The article presents the results of studies on sapropel dehydration. On the territory of the Russian Federation there are about 50 thousand deposits of sapropel, which is one of the types of local raw materials for multidisciplinary use. The reason for the low profitability of sapropel extraction is due to the difficulty of removing moisture from sapropels, the humidity of which can reach 99%. The most promising for sapropel dewatering instead of traditional moisture removal technologies due to filtration and prolonged natural drying is the use of the capillary effect of a thin-porous material. Based on theoretical and experimental data, the design of the sapropel dewatering plant was developed, which allows obtaining sapropel of the required humidity in the conditions of the deposit. As a result of experimental studies, the coefficient of the relative rate of moisture loss from the contact time of sapropel and the microfiber surface was obtained, while the mass fraction of moisture in the dehydrated sapropel is in a nonlinear dependence on the contact time of raw materials with the lining of the drums. It is established that in order to achieve a humidity of 60-65%, the contact time should be at least 1.64 s. The results of the research can be useful in the creation of mining equipment for sapropel dewatering, operating in the conditions of the deposit, allowing obtaining sapropel of the required humidity.
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