Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-2-349-364
E. Kovalski, C. Kongar-Syuryun, D. Petrov
Introduction. Most of the potash deposits in the world are mined using room-and-pillar mining method with natural support, which is accompanied by high mineral losses, as well as a high mine accidents due to the destruction of supporting elements, waterproof strata continuity and breakthroughs of oversalt water and brines into the mined-out void. Methods. Generalisation, systematisation and analysis of theoretical and experimental research on increasing the extraction ratio of potash ore to establish the methods degree for increasing extraction of potash reserves, to identify unexplored and problematic issues, to determine directions and approaches. Results. Theoretical justification of the possibility and expediency of several-stage stoping for potash mining implementing the principle of re-extraction of reserves from pillars with the provision of necessary protection measures of aquifer in the form of backfill. Conclusion. The article presents the results of an analysis of the specifics of underground mining of potash deposits. The concept of several-stage stoping for potash mining is formulated. Generalized variants of several-stage stoping are presented. The main problems of several-stage stoping implementation at potash deposits are described: the problem of gap-filling in rooms; prediction of altered physical and mechanical properties of seams and host rocks; the influence of multiple excavation on water-resistant properties of waterproof strata in several-stage stoping; the role of time in geomechanical processes; rational composition and recipe of backfill preparation; organization of stowing and clean-up operations at the site; technical and economic expediency of several-stage stoping. Possible lines of approach are suggested. Resume. The use of several-stage stoping for potash mining will increase the extraction ratio, improve the reliability of the waterproof strata during mining by replacing potash seams with a continuous fill mass, utilize waste from potash ore processing, and extend the service life of potash mines. A competent scientific and methodological foundation on the implementation of such technology at potash deposits needs to be built for a deep evaluation of the mining and geomechanical processes in the operation areas and the technical and economic performance of several-stage stoping. Suggestions for practical applications and future research line. The variants of several-stage stoping presented in the article can be used to develop methods of potash mining considering specific mining and geological conditions. Application of the described and similar variants of several-stage stoping in practice will significantly increase the extraction ratio while maintaining a minimal impact on the seam. Future research line will focus on the underground deposit development plan and the geomechanical justification of the parameters of the several-stage stoping.
{"title":"Challenges and prospects for several-stage stoping in potash minining","authors":"E. Kovalski, C. Kongar-Syuryun, D. Petrov","doi":"10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-2-349-364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-2-349-364","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Most of the potash deposits in the world are mined using room-and-pillar mining method with natural support, which is accompanied by high mineral losses, as well as a high mine accidents due to the destruction of supporting elements, waterproof strata continuity and breakthroughs of oversalt water and brines into the mined-out void. Methods. Generalisation, systematisation and analysis of theoretical and experimental research on increasing the extraction ratio of potash ore to establish the methods degree for increasing extraction of potash reserves, to identify unexplored and problematic issues, to determine directions and approaches. Results. Theoretical justification of the possibility and expediency of several-stage stoping for potash mining implementing the principle of re-extraction of reserves from pillars with the provision of necessary protection measures of aquifer in the form of backfill. Conclusion. The article presents the results of an analysis of the specifics of underground mining of potash deposits. The concept of several-stage stoping for potash mining is formulated. Generalized variants of several-stage stoping are presented. The main problems of several-stage stoping implementation at potash deposits are described: the problem of gap-filling in rooms; prediction of altered physical and mechanical properties of seams and host rocks; the influence of multiple excavation on water-resistant properties of waterproof strata in several-stage stoping; the role of time in geomechanical processes; rational composition and recipe of backfill preparation; organization of stowing and clean-up operations at the site; technical and economic expediency of several-stage stoping. Possible lines of approach are suggested. Resume. The use of several-stage stoping for potash mining will increase the extraction ratio, improve the reliability of the waterproof strata during mining by replacing potash seams with a continuous fill mass, utilize waste from potash ore processing, and extend the service life of potash mines. A competent scientific and methodological foundation on the implementation of such technology at potash deposits needs to be built for a deep evaluation of the mining and geomechanical processes in the operation areas and the technical and economic performance of several-stage stoping. Suggestions for practical applications and future research line. The variants of several-stage stoping presented in the article can be used to develop methods of potash mining considering specific mining and geological conditions. Application of the described and similar variants of several-stage stoping in practice will significantly increase the extraction ratio while maintaining a minimal impact on the seam. Future research line will focus on the underground deposit development plan and the geomechanical justification of the parameters of the several-stage stoping.","PeriodicalId":37608,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46746537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-2-256-263
V. Sednev, S. Kopnyshev, A. Sednev
Introduction. Despite the simplicity and accessibility of camouflage blasting, the issues of ensuring the safe conduct of such work are important. A camouflage explosion eliminates the occurrence of an air shock wave and the harmful effects of the explosion products on the environment, but leads to strong seismic vibrations. The impact of seismic loads on nearby objects can lead to the loss of their carrying capacity, damage and destruction, therefore, when choosing a place for installing camouflage charges, the task arises of assessing the field of environmental velocities during an explosion and determining the distances at which the velocities do not exceed the maximum allowable values established for objects under consideration. The aim of the study is to solve the problem of determining the velocity field in a continuous elastic-plastic medium during a camouflage explosion. Research methodology. The solution of the central symmetric problem of the propagation of explosive disturbances in solid media is based on the assumption that a deep spherical charge of a certain radius is placed in an unbounded half-space, which instantly turns into a high-pressure gas without changing the volume. It is assumed that the pressure in the cavity decreases according to a power law, and the relationship of pressure with the radius, velocity and acceleration of the expanding cavity is determined by the camouflage equation , whose constants A, B and C are functions of the parameters of rocks and soils. The perturbed state of the medium caused by the expanding cavity is also characterized by densities ρ0 and ρ respectively, in the elastic and plastic regions of its deformation, and the transition from the elastic state to the plastic state is accompanied by an instantaneous change in the density of the medium from ρ0 to ρ, introduced to approximately take into account the actual compressibility. Results. The determination of the velocity field in the medium surrounding the charge during the explosion is reduced to solving the ordinary differential equation of motion of a spherical cavity expanding due to internal pressure. It is shown that the unknown constant included in the obtained relation can be determined from the condition of conservation of the energy released during the explosion in the entire elastoplastic region of the medium motion. Discussion. The novelty of the result obtained lies in the substantiation of the possibility of using the assumptions about the vibrationless nature of the movement of the camouflage cavity and the incompressibility of the medium in the plastic and elastic regions to determine the velocity field that forms in a continuous medium during the explosion of a camouflage charge. Conclusion. Under the assumption of the vibrationless nature of the motion and the incompressibility of the medium in the plastic and elastic regions, a solution is obtained for the centrally symmetric problem of determining the velocity field in a con
{"title":"Justification of safe distances in relation to surrounding objects during rock camouflage explosions","authors":"V. Sednev, S. Kopnyshev, A. Sednev","doi":"10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-2-256-263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-2-256-263","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Despite the simplicity and accessibility of camouflage blasting, the issues of ensuring the safe conduct of such work are important. A camouflage explosion eliminates the occurrence of an air shock wave and the harmful effects of the explosion products on the environment, but leads to strong seismic vibrations. The impact of seismic loads on nearby objects can lead to the loss of their carrying capacity, damage and destruction, therefore, when choosing a place for installing camouflage charges, the task arises of assessing the field of environmental velocities during an explosion and determining the distances at which the velocities do not exceed the maximum allowable values established for objects under consideration. The aim of the study is to solve the problem of determining the velocity field in a continuous elastic-plastic medium during a camouflage explosion. Research methodology. The solution of the central symmetric problem of the propagation of explosive disturbances in solid media is based on the assumption that a deep spherical charge of a certain radius is placed in an unbounded half-space, which instantly turns into a high-pressure gas without changing the volume. It is assumed that the pressure in the cavity decreases according to a power law, and the relationship of pressure with the radius, velocity and acceleration of the expanding cavity is determined by the camouflage equation , whose constants A, B and C are functions of the parameters of rocks and soils. The perturbed state of the medium caused by the expanding cavity is also characterized by densities ρ0 and ρ respectively, in the elastic and plastic regions of its deformation, and the transition from the elastic state to the plastic state is accompanied by an instantaneous change in the density of the medium from ρ0 to ρ, introduced to approximately take into account the actual compressibility. Results. The determination of the velocity field in the medium surrounding the charge during the explosion is reduced to solving the ordinary differential equation of motion of a spherical cavity expanding due to internal pressure. It is shown that the unknown constant included in the obtained relation can be determined from the condition of conservation of the energy released during the explosion in the entire elastoplastic region of the medium motion. Discussion. The novelty of the result obtained lies in the substantiation of the possibility of using the assumptions about the vibrationless nature of the movement of the camouflage cavity and the incompressibility of the medium in the plastic and elastic regions to determine the velocity field that forms in a continuous medium during the explosion of a camouflage charge. Conclusion. Under the assumption of the vibrationless nature of the motion and the incompressibility of the medium in the plastic and elastic regions, a solution is obtained for the centrally symmetric problem of determining the velocity field in a con","PeriodicalId":37608,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48971251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-2-408-418
Aleksander Olchev, I. Mukhartova, I. Kerimov, Ravil Gibadullin
Introduction: The aim of this study is to evaluate the spatial variability of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes at the reference site "Roshni-Chu" of the carbon measurement megasites of the Chechen Republic using modeling experiments with in-situ measurements and remote sensing data. Methods and materials: Measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes at the soil surface at the "Roshni Chu" forest site in the mountainous forest region of the Chechen Republic were conducted using a dynamic closed chamber connected to a portable gas analyzer G4301 (Picarro, USA). Leaf photosynthesis and respiration parameters of the main edificators and sub-edificators of premontane broadleaf forests were measured using the portable photosynthetic system LI-6800 (LI-COR, USA). Landsat 8 data were used to produce digital maps of surface topography and Nor-malized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). A 3D process-based atmospheric transfer model was chosen to describe the spatial variability of carbon dioxide and methane fluxes within the atmospheric boundary layer. The model is based on a one-and-a-half closure scheme for the Navier-Stokes and continuity equations, solved using Reynolds averaging and the Bussiness conjecture. Results: It was shown that a three-dimensional (3D) mathematical transfer models based on the solution of the equations of thermo-hydrodynamics are among the most effective methods for estimating vertical and horizontal fluxes of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, taking into account the heterogeneous vegetation structure and surface topography. Based on the modeling results, maps of spatial distribution of turbulent exchange coefficient and horizontal wind speed at 5 m height, and maps of spatial distribution of CO2 and CH4 methane fluxes at 5, 25 and 50 m height were created. It was revealed that the "Roshni-Chu" forest area serves as a CO2 sink from the atmosphere under warm sunny weather in summer. The greatest uptake is detected near the local elevations. The fluxes of CH4 are almost negative, the lowest values of CH4 uptake are connected with uneven topography and are observed in small depressions between the hills. Conclusions: Based on the study of the wind field and the greenhouse gas fluxes at the carbon experimental site "Roshni-Chu" in the Chechen Republic, a significant spatial heterogeneity of the vertical CO2 and CH4 fluxes was revealed. The model approach, together with field measurements and remote sensing data, can be very effective for assessing the spatial heterogeneity of greenhouse gas fluxes at sites with non-uniform topography and vegetation. The method of modeling the spatial distribution of CO2 and CH4 fluxes within the atmospheric boundary layer can be used in different forest regions of the North Caucasus to describe the regional greenhouse gas balance.
{"title":"3D hydrodynamic modeling of CO2 and CH4 fluxes in the atmospheric surface layer (Example of the \"Roshni-Chu\" forest site)","authors":"Aleksander Olchev, I. Mukhartova, I. Kerimov, Ravil Gibadullin","doi":"10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-2-408-418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-2-408-418","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The aim of this study is to evaluate the spatial variability of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes at the reference site \"Roshni-Chu\" of the carbon measurement megasites of the Chechen Republic using modeling experiments with in-situ measurements and remote sensing data. Methods and materials: Measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes at the soil surface at the \"Roshni Chu\" forest site in the mountainous forest region of the Chechen Republic were conducted using a dynamic closed chamber connected to a portable gas analyzer G4301 (Picarro, USA). Leaf photosynthesis and respiration parameters of the main edificators and sub-edificators of premontane broadleaf forests were measured using the portable photosynthetic system LI-6800 (LI-COR, USA). Landsat 8 data were used to produce digital maps of surface topography and Nor-malized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). A 3D process-based atmospheric transfer model was chosen to describe the spatial variability of carbon dioxide and methane fluxes within the atmospheric boundary layer. The model is based on a one-and-a-half closure scheme for the Navier-Stokes and continuity equations, solved using Reynolds averaging and the Bussiness conjecture. Results: It was shown that a three-dimensional (3D) mathematical transfer models based on the solution of the equations of thermo-hydrodynamics are among the most effective methods for estimating vertical and horizontal fluxes of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, taking into account the heterogeneous vegetation structure and surface topography. Based on the modeling results, maps of spatial distribution of turbulent exchange coefficient and horizontal wind speed at 5 m height, and maps of spatial distribution of CO2 and CH4 methane fluxes at 5, 25 and 50 m height were created. It was revealed that the \"Roshni-Chu\" forest area serves as a CO2 sink from the atmosphere under warm sunny weather in summer. The greatest uptake is detected near the local elevations. The fluxes of CH4 are almost negative, the lowest values of CH4 uptake are connected with uneven topography and are observed in small depressions between the hills. Conclusions: Based on the study of the wind field and the greenhouse gas fluxes at the carbon experimental site \"Roshni-Chu\" in the Chechen Republic, a significant spatial heterogeneity of the vertical CO2 and CH4 fluxes was revealed. The model approach, together with field measurements and remote sensing data, can be very effective for assessing the spatial heterogeneity of greenhouse gas fluxes at sites with non-uniform topography and vegetation. The method of modeling the spatial distribution of CO2 and CH4 fluxes within the atmospheric boundary layer can be used in different forest regions of the North Caucasus to describe the regional greenhouse gas balance.","PeriodicalId":37608,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46485307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-2-298-307
Nikolay Murzin, B. Talgamer, F. Dudinskiy
Introduction. Currently, in the development of mineral deposits, the most widely used are open and underground methods. At the same time, open-pit mining is characterized by an extremely negative impact on the environmental situation, while at enterprises that develop deposits by underground methods, labor productivity is lower and, with some development systems, the extraction of minerals is much worse. The possibility of using open pit and underground works at one field makes it possible to use the advantages of each of the development methods, while reducing the negative factors of one of them at the expense of the other. The aim of the work is to assess the impact of technological solutions involving internal dumping on the establishment of a boundary between open pit and underground operations, taking into account the reduction of the technogenic impact on the environment. Methods for determining the boundaries of the open pit can be divided into 2 groups: the first includes methods for determining the boundaries of the open pit by the minimum total costs or the maximum total profit, the other includes methods using the boundary stripping ratio. In this work, when developing an economic-mathematical model, the methodology proposed by Professor A.I. Arsentiev, where profit is used as a criterion for the transition from open to underground work. As a result of the research, an economic-mathematical model was developed and tested to solve the problem of determining the boundary of the transition from open to underground work, based on obtaining additional profit by reducing environmental costs and taking into account the change in the order of dumping. Dependences have been obtained that reflect the change in the economically justified depth of the open pit on the degree of use of the mined-out space, as well as on the area of external dumps. The analysis of the obtained dependences shows that within the established limits and the given modeling parameters, the use of the worked-out space of the quarry allows to reduce the area of external dumps from 13 ha to 2 ha, while the boundary stripping ratio increases to 5.04, and the depth of the open pit increases from 105 m to 116 m. The results of the study can be used in the design of field development by open pit and combined methods.
{"title":"To the method of justification of borders between open and underground works","authors":"Nikolay Murzin, B. Talgamer, F. Dudinskiy","doi":"10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-2-298-307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-2-298-307","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Currently, in the development of mineral deposits, the most widely used are open and underground methods. At the same time, open-pit mining is characterized by an extremely negative impact on the environmental situation, while at enterprises that develop deposits by underground methods, labor productivity is lower and, with some development systems, the extraction of minerals is much worse. The possibility of using open pit and underground works at one field makes it possible to use the advantages of each of the development methods, while reducing the negative factors of one of them at the expense of the other. The aim of the work is to assess the impact of technological solutions involving internal dumping on the establishment of a boundary between open pit and underground operations, taking into account the reduction of the technogenic impact on the environment. Methods for determining the boundaries of the open pit can be divided into 2 groups: the first includes methods for determining the boundaries of the open pit by the minimum total costs or the maximum total profit, the other includes methods using the boundary stripping ratio. In this work, when developing an economic-mathematical model, the methodology proposed by Professor A.I. Arsentiev, where profit is used as a criterion for the transition from open to underground work. As a result of the research, an economic-mathematical model was developed and tested to solve the problem of determining the boundary of the transition from open to underground work, based on obtaining additional profit by reducing environmental costs and taking into account the change in the order of dumping. Dependences have been obtained that reflect the change in the economically justified depth of the open pit on the degree of use of the mined-out space, as well as on the area of external dumps. The analysis of the obtained dependences shows that within the established limits and the given modeling parameters, the use of the worked-out space of the quarry allows to reduce the area of external dumps from 13 ha to 2 ha, while the boundary stripping ratio increases to 5.04, and the depth of the open pit increases from 105 m to 116 m. The results of the study can be used in the design of field development by open pit and combined methods.","PeriodicalId":37608,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47415899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-2-374-384
L. Maksanova, D. Budaeva, A. Andreeva, T. Khrebtova
Introduction. In Russia, the integrated development of eco-tourism in protected areas is part of the strategic agenda. This paper attempts to examine whether the strategic agenda is expressed in the actual creation of conditions for ecotourism development in a particular national park (using Zabaikalsky National Park as an example). Materials and methods. Institutional, comparative-geographical, comparative-historical, statistical, cartographic methods were used in the study. Documents and materials of the Zabaikalsky National Park, expeditionary research data, GPS track data, information based on photo sharing services posted in the social network VK were used as an information database. Results. It was determined that the integrated development of ecotourism in protected areas in Russia entails a range of key measures encompassing legislative, regulatory, investment, organizational, economic, and informational aspects. The analytical framework for the study was developed, allowing to identify the current state, directions and prospects of the activities of the Zabaikalsky National Park in creating conditions for the development of ecotourism. Discussion. The identified changes in the functioning of the Zabaikalsky National Park demonstrate that ecotourism, as an environmentally acceptable form of economic activity in protected areas, is being successfully developed here on the basis of an integrated approach and using the relevant experience of the park. However, the park faces challenges in attracting private investment, ensuring infrastructure development and staffing, as well as monitoring recreational impacts. Conclusion. The research findings indicate that, in general, the Zabaikalsky National Park can serve as a specific example of successful implementation of contemporary ecotourism policies in protected areas. Resume. Our study shows that the process of involving Russian PAs in the development of ecotourism is a long-term process that requires additional research to summarize best practices and improve the quality of management of ecotourism projects in PAs. The results of this study can be useful in designing a set of measures for the development of ecotourism in protected areas of various categories. Summary. In this paper we present the results of studies of the integrated development of ecological tourism in protected areas in Russia as part of the implementation of state policy for promoting ecotourism development, using the Zabaikalsky National Park (ZNT) as an example. It has been established that the ecotourism development brings significant changes to the functioning of PAs. The key directions of the Russian approach to the integrated development of ecotourism in PAs are identified, including measures of legislative, regulatory, investment, organizational, economic, and informational nature. It’s shown that the dynamics of transformational changes in the Zabaikalsky National Park related to the creation of conditions for the ec
{"title":"Integrated development of ecotourism in protected areas in Russia (A case study of Zabaikalsky National Park)","authors":"L. Maksanova, D. Budaeva, A. Andreeva, T. Khrebtova","doi":"10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-2-374-384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-2-374-384","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In Russia, the integrated development of eco-tourism in protected areas is part of the strategic agenda. This paper attempts to examine whether the strategic agenda is expressed in the actual creation of conditions for ecotourism development in a particular national park (using Zabaikalsky National Park as an example). Materials and methods. Institutional, comparative-geographical, comparative-historical, statistical, cartographic methods were used in the study. Documents and materials of the Zabaikalsky National Park, expeditionary research data, GPS track data, information based on photo sharing services posted in the social network VK were used as an information database. Results. It was determined that the integrated development of ecotourism in protected areas in Russia entails a range of key measures encompassing legislative, regulatory, investment, organizational, economic, and informational aspects. The analytical framework for the study was developed, allowing to identify the current state, directions and prospects of the activities of the Zabaikalsky National Park in creating conditions for the development of ecotourism. Discussion. The identified changes in the functioning of the Zabaikalsky National Park demonstrate that ecotourism, as an environmentally acceptable form of economic activity in protected areas, is being successfully developed here on the basis of an integrated approach and using the relevant experience of the park. However, the park faces challenges in attracting private investment, ensuring infrastructure development and staffing, as well as monitoring recreational impacts. Conclusion. The research findings indicate that, in general, the Zabaikalsky National Park can serve as a specific example of successful implementation of contemporary ecotourism policies in protected areas. Resume. Our study shows that the process of involving Russian PAs in the development of ecotourism is a long-term process that requires additional research to summarize best practices and improve the quality of management of ecotourism projects in PAs. The results of this study can be useful in designing a set of measures for the development of ecotourism in protected areas of various categories. Summary. In this paper we present the results of studies of the integrated development of ecological tourism in protected areas in Russia as part of the implementation of state policy for promoting ecotourism development, using the Zabaikalsky National Park (ZNT) as an example. It has been established that the ecotourism development brings significant changes to the functioning of PAs. The key directions of the Russian approach to the integrated development of ecotourism in PAs are identified, including measures of legislative, regulatory, investment, organizational, economic, and informational nature. It’s shown that the dynamics of transformational changes in the Zabaikalsky National Park related to the creation of conditions for the ec","PeriodicalId":37608,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42926247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-2-326-337
S. Kovshov
Introduction. The current phase of mass production in the poultry products sector creates large volumes of waste in the form of chicken manure. This waste contributes to the negative environmental impact on the neighboring territories. To address the issue of storing chicken manure, several methods have been developed, of which incomplete combustion and composting with gradual decay are two major ones. The application of both technologies results in the production of fertilizers such as mineral biochar and organic humus. The role of these fertilizers is particularly important for regions that face the challenge of insufficient fertility of the zonal soil type, a concern that is common in some mountainous regions. The goal of the study is to develop a method and analyze the results of its application to successfully solve the problem of excess chicken manure by producing a substance that improves the physicochemical properties of sod-podzolic soils and increases their biological efficiency. Materials and methods. The laboratory facilities of the Ecosystem Research Center at St. Petersburg Mining University were used in this study. The physicochemical properties of soils and plants were analyzed based on a standard method for determining the organic content of soils using gravimetric, thermogravimetric, and optical emission spectrometry methods. Results and discussion. Given the relatively low fertility of sod-podzolic soils, which are common in mixed forest regions, the article proposes a modified version of composting as a priority for processing poultry manure. This method accelerates the biochemical processes of manure decay by using a specially bred subspecies of the earthworm Eisenia fetida. The article provides a detailed description of this method for processing poultry manure, which results in the production of an organic fertilizer. To evaluate the effect of the biofertilizer produced by the proposed method on the physicochemical properties of sod-podzolic soils and the plants grown on them, we conducted an experiment involving the addition of the biofertilizer to the soil, followed by sowing ryegrass and spring onion seeds, followed by an analysis of soil and plant samples. The results of the experiment showed that the presence of the biofertilizer in the soil increases its moisture content, improves moisture retention, and reduces ash content. The addition of the biofertilizer significantly increases the contents of humus, organic carbon, total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, also promoting the removal of heavy metals. The use of the proposed biofertilizer enhances the uptake of carbon, nitrogen, and potassium into plants. The proposed method is adapted to residential area conditions and can be used by agricultural companies in various regions of Russia. A future line of research includes experiments to find the rational biofertilizer application rates for growing more common vegetable and grain crops in soils of different types. C
{"title":"Effect of biohumus based on poultry waste on physico-chemical properties of sod-podzolic soils and cultivated plants","authors":"S. Kovshov","doi":"10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-2-326-337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-2-326-337","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The current phase of mass production in the poultry products sector creates large volumes of waste in the form of chicken manure. This waste contributes to the negative environmental impact on the neighboring territories. To address the issue of storing chicken manure, several methods have been developed, of which incomplete combustion and composting with gradual decay are two major ones. The application of both technologies results in the production of fertilizers such as mineral biochar and organic humus. The role of these fertilizers is particularly important for regions that face the challenge of insufficient fertility of the zonal soil type, a concern that is common in some mountainous regions. The goal of the study is to develop a method and analyze the results of its application to successfully solve the problem of excess chicken manure by producing a substance that improves the physicochemical properties of sod-podzolic soils and increases their biological efficiency. Materials and methods. The laboratory facilities of the Ecosystem Research Center at St. Petersburg Mining University were used in this study. The physicochemical properties of soils and plants were analyzed based on a standard method for determining the organic content of soils using gravimetric, thermogravimetric, and optical emission spectrometry methods. Results and discussion. Given the relatively low fertility of sod-podzolic soils, which are common in mixed forest regions, the article proposes a modified version of composting as a priority for processing poultry manure. This method accelerates the biochemical processes of manure decay by using a specially bred subspecies of the earthworm Eisenia fetida. The article provides a detailed description of this method for processing poultry manure, which results in the production of an organic fertilizer. To evaluate the effect of the biofertilizer produced by the proposed method on the physicochemical properties of sod-podzolic soils and the plants grown on them, we conducted an experiment involving the addition of the biofertilizer to the soil, followed by sowing ryegrass and spring onion seeds, followed by an analysis of soil and plant samples. The results of the experiment showed that the presence of the biofertilizer in the soil increases its moisture content, improves moisture retention, and reduces ash content. The addition of the biofertilizer significantly increases the contents of humus, organic carbon, total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, also promoting the removal of heavy metals. The use of the proposed biofertilizer enhances the uptake of carbon, nitrogen, and potassium into plants. The proposed method is adapted to residential area conditions and can be used by agricultural companies in various regions of Russia. A future line of research includes experiments to find the rational biofertilizer application rates for growing more common vegetable and grain crops in soils of different types. C","PeriodicalId":37608,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43427949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-2-450-461
K. Yelemessov, M. Isametova, Nazym Saydinbayeva, V. Kukartsev
Introduction. Gantry grappling cranes are the main equipment for cargo transportation in the technological processes of mining and enrichment of rocks. During the operation of the crane, undesirable effects such as the rocking of the payload occur, which in turn affects the dynamic state of the crane beam. Materials and methods. To solve this problem, methods of mathematical and computer modeling of a system with two degrees of freedom were used. To identify the influence of different combinations of the combination of payload mass and cable length on oscillation frequencies, a computational experiment was carried out and the response surface of the oscillation frequency function was constructed. The natural oscillation frequencies of the beam were determined by the finite element method in the NASTRAN program. Results. The results of mathematical modeling were graphs of changes in the angle of deviation of the cable from the vertical and the movement of the trolley, the response surface of the frequency of oscillation of the payload from the length of the cable and the weight of the cargo. Discussion. A comparison of the simulation results of cargo vibrations and crane beam vibrations showed the proximity of the values of the frequencies of the payload vibrations and the gantry crane design, which justifies the need for further analysis of the frequency response of the crane beam to the disturbance of the payload vibration force. Conclusion. The frequency of vibrations of the load significantly affects the static and vibration strength of the crane beam of the gantry crane Resume. The research results can be useful in the development of technical solutions for the engineering implementation of promising gantry crane designs.
{"title":"Mathematical and computer modeling of gantry crane load-beam system oscillation","authors":"K. Yelemessov, M. Isametova, Nazym Saydinbayeva, V. Kukartsev","doi":"10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-2-450-461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-2-450-461","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Gantry grappling cranes are the main equipment for cargo transportation in the technological processes of mining and enrichment of rocks. During the operation of the crane, undesirable effects such as the rocking of the payload occur, which in turn affects the dynamic state of the crane beam. Materials and methods. To solve this problem, methods of mathematical and computer modeling of a system with two degrees of freedom were used. To identify the influence of different combinations of the combination of payload mass and cable length on oscillation frequencies, a computational experiment was carried out and the response surface of the oscillation frequency function was constructed. The natural oscillation frequencies of the beam were determined by the finite element method in the NASTRAN program. Results. The results of mathematical modeling were graphs of changes in the angle of deviation of the cable from the vertical and the movement of the trolley, the response surface of the frequency of oscillation of the payload from the length of the cable and the weight of the cargo. Discussion. A comparison of the simulation results of cargo vibrations and crane beam vibrations showed the proximity of the values of the frequencies of the payload vibrations and the gantry crane design, which justifies the need for further analysis of the frequency response of the crane beam to the disturbance of the payload vibration force. Conclusion. The frequency of vibrations of the load significantly affects the static and vibration strength of the crane beam of the gantry crane Resume. The research results can be useful in the development of technical solutions for the engineering implementation of promising gantry crane designs.","PeriodicalId":37608,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43466088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-2-338-348
V. Chanturia, Valerij Morozov, G. Dvoichenkova, E. Chanturia
Introduction. A promising direction in solving the problem of increasing the recovery of diamonds with weak or anomalous luminescence is the use of modern technologies for modifying the spectral characteristics of diamonds with luminophore-containing reagents. Materials and methods. In the experiments, we used collections consisting of diamond crystals with weak and anomalous luminosity and grains of kimberlite minerals selected from the gravity enrichment concentrate. When evaluating the efficiency of fixing luminophores on the surface of diamonds, a vision-metric method was used in UV radiation with the determination of the proportion of surface areas covered with luminophores. The spectral and kinetic characteristics of diamond crystals and kimberlite grains were measured under laboratory conditions on a «Polus-M» separator. The separation of diamonds and kimberlite grains was carried out in the mode used in the industrial radar process. Results. The causes and regularities of the interaction of modifier reagents with kimberlite minerals, as well as the effect of dispersant reagents on the fixation of luminophores and the spectral and kinetic characteristics of kimberlite are determined. Discussion. It is shown that the fixation of an organic collector with luminophores on kimberlite minerals proceeds according to the adhesion mechanism with the formation of focal surface formations on hydrophobic minerals and point fixation on the surface of faces with low surface energy. It is shown that the high selectivity of the X-ray luminescence separation process is achieved at a surface concentration of the luminophores on diamonds of at least 15 % and a surface concentration of luminophores on kimberlite minerals of no more than 3%, controlled by the addition of reagents-dispersants. Conclusions. The article presents the results of studies of the mechanism and regularities of fixing luminophore-containing compositions on kimberlitic minerals in the presence of dispersant reagents. It was found that the addition of luminophore-containing reagents-modifiers of sodium hexametaphosphate, sulfonol, carboxymethylcellulose and liquid glass to the aqueous phase of emulsions provides an increase in the selectivity of fixing luminophores on the surface of diamonds and improves the performance of X-ray luminescent separation of diamond-containing products. A mode of increasing the selectivity of the action of an aqueous emulsion of the MLA-3 modifier reagent based on luminophore E-515-115-G5 has been developed by adding sodium hexametaphosphate to the emulsion aqueous phase at a concentration of 1-1.5 g/l, providing 90% recovery of weakly and abnormally luminous diamonds into the X-ray luminescent separation concentrate with a decrease in kimberlite yield by 33 %. The tested modifier agents and the selected conditions of their application can be useful in industrial conditions for the X-ray luminescent separation of diamond-containing kimberlites. Resume. As a
{"title":"Increasing the selectivity modification of diamonds spectral characteristics before the X-ray luminescent separation process","authors":"V. Chanturia, Valerij Morozov, G. Dvoichenkova, E. Chanturia","doi":"10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-2-338-348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-2-338-348","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. A promising direction in solving the problem of increasing the recovery of diamonds with weak or anomalous luminescence is the use of modern technologies for modifying the spectral characteristics of diamonds with luminophore-containing reagents. Materials and methods. In the experiments, we used collections consisting of diamond crystals with weak and anomalous luminosity and grains of kimberlite minerals selected from the gravity enrichment concentrate. When evaluating the efficiency of fixing luminophores on the surface of diamonds, a vision-metric method was used in UV radiation with the determination of the proportion of surface areas covered with luminophores. The spectral and kinetic characteristics of diamond crystals and kimberlite grains were measured under laboratory conditions on a «Polus-M» separator. The separation of diamonds and kimberlite grains was carried out in the mode used in the industrial radar process. Results. The causes and regularities of the interaction of modifier reagents with kimberlite minerals, as well as the effect of dispersant reagents on the fixation of luminophores and the spectral and kinetic characteristics of kimberlite are determined. Discussion. It is shown that the fixation of an organic collector with luminophores on kimberlite minerals proceeds according to the adhesion mechanism with the formation of focal surface formations on hydrophobic minerals and point fixation on the surface of faces with low surface energy. It is shown that the high selectivity of the X-ray luminescence separation process is achieved at a surface concentration of the luminophores on diamonds of at least 15 % and a surface concentration of luminophores on kimberlite minerals of no more than 3%, controlled by the addition of reagents-dispersants. Conclusions. The article presents the results of studies of the mechanism and regularities of fixing luminophore-containing compositions on kimberlitic minerals in the presence of dispersant reagents. It was found that the addition of luminophore-containing reagents-modifiers of sodium hexametaphosphate, sulfonol, carboxymethylcellulose and liquid glass to the aqueous phase of emulsions provides an increase in the selectivity of fixing luminophores on the surface of diamonds and improves the performance of X-ray luminescent separation of diamond-containing products. A mode of increasing the selectivity of the action of an aqueous emulsion of the MLA-3 modifier reagent based on luminophore E-515-115-G5 has been developed by adding sodium hexametaphosphate to the emulsion aqueous phase at a concentration of 1-1.5 g/l, providing 90% recovery of weakly and abnormally luminous diamonds into the X-ray luminescent separation concentrate with a decrease in kimberlite yield by 33 %. The tested modifier agents and the selected conditions of their application can be useful in industrial conditions for the X-ray luminescent separation of diamond-containing kimberlites. Resume. As a ","PeriodicalId":37608,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46215711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-1-35-43
O. Zinovieva, L. Kolesnikova, Anna Merkulova, Natalya B. Smirnova
Introduction. In conditions when the environmental component acts as a priority direction for the development of regions, the assessment of the actual ecological condition of the environment is an important stage in the development and implementation of a sustainable development strategy. This is especially true for coal-mining regions, which are characterized by a significant negative impact on all components of the environment. Purpose of research. Conducting a comparative analysis of determining the level of environmental safety of the territory based on a comparison of its ecological capacity and the actual anthropogenic load of environmental components of coal-mining regions, as well as the methodology for assigning an ESG rating. Methodology. The research methodology is based on methods of analysis, synthesis, abstraction, deduction, etc. Results and discussion. An analysis of the Russian and international methodology for assessing the ecological state of territories shows that different approaches are used both in our country and abroad. In recent years, environmental assessment has also been carried out by rating agencies as part of the creation of an ESG rating of the regions of the Russian Federation. The study was conducted for the largest coal–mining subjects of the Russian Federation – the Kemerovo Region, the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the Republic of Khakassia. The assessment of the ecological condition of these regions was carried out in two ways. In accordance with the first approach, based on a comparison of the ecological capacity and the actual technogenic load of the territory, environmental safety in the Kemerovo region is assessed as an environmental disaster, in the Krasnoyarsk Territory – an environmental norm, in the Republic of Khakassia there is an environmental crisis. Despite the fact that according to the results obtained by the first approach, the Kemerovo Region is in an environmental disaster zone, according to the second approach, based on the formation of an ESG rating, it has the highest E-rating, while the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the Republic of Khakassia have a sufficient one. It should be noted that the E-rating does not take into account the ecological capacity of the territory and does not reflect the actual environmental burden in the region. According to the authors, in order to reflect the real ecological condition of the region, it is necessary not only to take into account the dynamics of environmental impact, but also to compare the level of this impact with the ecological capacity of the territory. Ratings developed for the purpose of ecooriented management of regions do not fully meet the existing situation in the regions due to a simplified scoring system. Conclusions. The assessment of the ecological condition of three large coal-mining regions by different approaches shows contradictory results. The necessity of developing a unified methodology for a Complex estimationof the ecological conditi
{"title":"On the issue of assessing the ecological condition of the environment to achieve sustainable development of coal-mining regions of Russia","authors":"O. Zinovieva, L. Kolesnikova, Anna Merkulova, Natalya B. Smirnova","doi":"10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-1-35-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-1-35-43","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In conditions when the environmental component acts as a priority direction for the development of regions, the assessment of the actual ecological condition of the environment is an important stage in the development and implementation of a sustainable development strategy. This is especially true for coal-mining regions, which are characterized by a significant negative impact on all components of the environment. Purpose of research. Conducting a comparative analysis of determining the level of environmental safety of the territory based on a comparison of its ecological capacity and the actual anthropogenic load of environmental components of coal-mining regions, as well as the methodology for assigning an ESG rating. Methodology. The research methodology is based on methods of analysis, synthesis, abstraction, deduction, etc. Results and discussion. An analysis of the Russian and international methodology for assessing the ecological state of territories shows that different approaches are used both in our country and abroad. In recent years, environmental assessment has also been carried out by rating agencies as part of the creation of an ESG rating of the regions of the Russian Federation. The study was conducted for the largest coal–mining subjects of the Russian Federation – the Kemerovo Region, the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the Republic of Khakassia. The assessment of the ecological condition of these regions was carried out in two ways. In accordance with the first approach, based on a comparison of the ecological capacity and the actual technogenic load of the territory, environmental safety in the Kemerovo region is assessed as an environmental disaster, in the Krasnoyarsk Territory – an environmental norm, in the Republic of Khakassia there is an environmental crisis. Despite the fact that according to the results obtained by the first approach, the Kemerovo Region is in an environmental disaster zone, according to the second approach, based on the formation of an ESG rating, it has the highest E-rating, while the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the Republic of Khakassia have a sufficient one. It should be noted that the E-rating does not take into account the ecological capacity of the territory and does not reflect the actual environmental burden in the region. According to the authors, in order to reflect the real ecological condition of the region, it is necessary not only to take into account the dynamics of environmental impact, but also to compare the level of this impact with the ecological capacity of the territory. Ratings developed for the purpose of ecooriented management of regions do not fully meet the existing situation in the regions due to a simplified scoring system. Conclusions. The assessment of the ecological condition of three large coal-mining regions by different approaches shows contradictory results. The necessity of developing a unified methodology for a Complex estimationof the ecological conditi","PeriodicalId":37608,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46463873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-1-67-80
P. Korchak, M. Karasev
Introduction. Prediction of excavations stability is an important step towards ensuring geo-mechanical safety during their construction. A reliable prediction of the stability of excavations includes such factors as the initial stress state, physical and mechanical characteristics of rocks, rock mass fracturing, and a number of others. These factors should be considered when performing calculations. The geo-mechanical conditions of the Apatite deposits are different, rock pressure can manifest itself in the form of brittle fracture of rocks, limited displacement of the rock contour, the formation of local rock failures or arching. In this paper, we consider only areas of the rock mass, where the loss of stability of the excavation contour is associated with the formation of brittle fracture zones. An analysis of methods for predicting brittle fracture zones suggests that they are devoted to their formation in the vicinity of single excavation and do not consider the formation of brittle fracture zones in the areas of excavation junctions. Despite the fact that a significant number of research papers are devoted to the formation of plastic deformation zones and the assessment of the excavation contour stability, they mainly consider two forms of geo-mechanical processes - rock failure along fractures and rock contour deformations. At the same time, little attention is paid to the formation of brittle fracture zones in the areas of excavation junctions in rocks predisposed to the development of such geo-mechanical processes. Considering the conditions of the Apatite deposits, it can be noted that the values of deformational and strength characteristics of rocks are very high. The rock mass is different in fracturing characteristics, however, the volume of rocks with excavations, which can be classified as weakly fractured, is very significant. The initial stress state of rock mass is characterized by the tectonic nature, where the magnitudes of the largest horizontal stresses are several times greater than the vertical stress component. All this makes it possible to classify the conditions of Apatite deposits as very difficult and rock burst hazardous. Methods and materials. To assess the correctness of the numerical modeling using model of brittle fracture of rocks, the following typical problems are considered: forecasting the development of brittle fracture zones in the vicinity of excavations of research laboratory in Canada; forecast of zones of brittle fracture of rocks for mining-geological and geo-mechanical conditions of the Apatite enterprises. Numerical modeling and the stress-strain state prediction in the vicinity of excavations was carried out in a generalized plane-strain formulation (three-dimensional formulation with the assignment of appropriate boundary conditions). An analysis of numerical simulation results suggests that the increase in the size of the brittle fracture zone is that greater, the larger the junction span. This ef
{"title":"Geo-mechanical prediction of the brittle fracture zones in rocks in the vicinity of the excavation junction of Ltd \"Apatit\" mines","authors":"P. Korchak, M. Karasev","doi":"10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-1-67-80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-1-67-80","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Prediction of excavations stability is an important step towards ensuring geo-mechanical safety during their construction. A reliable prediction of the stability of excavations includes such factors as the initial stress state, physical and mechanical characteristics of rocks, rock mass fracturing, and a number of others. These factors should be considered when performing calculations. The geo-mechanical conditions of the Apatite deposits are different, rock pressure can manifest itself in the form of brittle fracture of rocks, limited displacement of the rock contour, the formation of local rock failures or arching. In this paper, we consider only areas of the rock mass, where the loss of stability of the excavation contour is associated with the formation of brittle fracture zones. An analysis of methods for predicting brittle fracture zones suggests that they are devoted to their formation in the vicinity of single excavation and do not consider the formation of brittle fracture zones in the areas of excavation junctions. Despite the fact that a significant number of research papers are devoted to the formation of plastic deformation zones and the assessment of the excavation contour stability, they mainly consider two forms of geo-mechanical processes - rock failure along fractures and rock contour deformations. At the same time, little attention is paid to the formation of brittle fracture zones in the areas of excavation junctions in rocks predisposed to the development of such geo-mechanical processes. Considering the conditions of the Apatite deposits, it can be noted that the values of deformational and strength characteristics of rocks are very high. The rock mass is different in fracturing characteristics, however, the volume of rocks with excavations, which can be classified as weakly fractured, is very significant. The initial stress state of rock mass is characterized by the tectonic nature, where the magnitudes of the largest horizontal stresses are several times greater than the vertical stress component. All this makes it possible to classify the conditions of Apatite deposits as very difficult and rock burst hazardous. Methods and materials. To assess the correctness of the numerical modeling using model of brittle fracture of rocks, the following typical problems are considered: forecasting the development of brittle fracture zones in the vicinity of excavations of research laboratory in Canada; forecast of zones of brittle fracture of rocks for mining-geological and geo-mechanical conditions of the Apatite enterprises. Numerical modeling and the stress-strain state prediction in the vicinity of excavations was carried out in a generalized plane-strain formulation (three-dimensional formulation with the assignment of appropriate boundary conditions). An analysis of numerical simulation results suggests that the increase in the size of the brittle fracture zone is that greater, the larger the junction span. This ef","PeriodicalId":37608,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49478968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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