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QRS Complex Detection in ECG Signals Using Empirical Wavelet Transform and Flower Pollination Algorithm 基于经验小波变换和花授粉算法的心电信号QRS复合体检测
Q3 Computer Science Pub Date : 2022-09-22 DOI: 10.3311/ppee.20535
F. Guendouzi, M. Attari
The QRS complex is the most important component of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals; therefore, its detection is the first step of all kinds of automatic feature extraction and crucial part of an ECG analysis system. The R wave is one of the most important sections of the QRS complex, which has an essential role in diagnosis of irregular heartbeats. This paper employs Empirical Wavelet Transform (EWT) and Hilbert transforms as well as by employing Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA) in order to approach an optimum combinational method for R peak detection. First, the Empirical Wavelet Transform (EWT) is used to eliminate the noise and improve the envelope extraction. The Hilbert envelope is then used to determine the positions of the R waves. Finally, FPA is used to adjust the envelope’s parameters. In the experimental section of this paper, the proposed approach is evaluated using the MIT/BIH database. We show that the proposed method can achieve results that are comparable to the state-of-the-art, with a global sensitivity of 99.95%, a positive predectivity of 99.92%, and a percentage error of 0.136%.
QRS复合体是心电图信号中最重要的组成部分;因此,它的检测是各种自动特征提取的第一步,也是心电分析系统的关键部分。R波是QRS复合体中最重要的部分之一,在诊断不规则心跳中起着至关重要的作用。本文采用经验小波变换(EWT)和希尔伯特变换(Hilbert Transform),结合传粉算法(Flower Pollination Algorithm, FPA),探讨了R峰检测的最佳组合方法。首先,利用经验小波变换(EWT)去除噪声,改进包络提取。然后用希尔伯特包络来确定R波的位置。最后,利用FPA对包络参数进行调整。在本文的实验部分,使用MIT/BIH数据库对所提出的方法进行了评估。我们的研究表明,该方法可以达到与最先进的结果相当的结果,具有99.95%的全局灵敏度,99.92%的正先验性,0.136%的百分比误差。
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引用次数: 3
Cost-Benefit of Optimal Allocation of DSTATCOM in Distribution Networks Using Ant-Lion Optimization Algorithm 基于蚁狮优化算法的配电网DSTATCOM优化配置的成本效益研究
Q3 Computer Science Pub Date : 2022-09-19 DOI: 10.3311/ppee.20549
S. Salimon, Quadri Oyewale Lawal, O. W. Adebiyi, M. Okelola
Distribution Static Compensators (DSTATCOMs) are considered to be one of the most cost-effective modern devices for reactive compensation in distribution networks. However, the DSTATCOMs sizing and their deployment position are important factors to consider in order to get the most out of their installation. This study proposes the use of the Ant-Lion Optimization Algorithm (ALOA) for the appropriate allocation of the DSTATCOM with the goal of maximization of the cost-benefit derived from the reduction in the cost of power purchased from the transmission grid less the DSTATCOM cost for the distribution networks in order to find its appropriate allocation. The suggested technique is tested on a Nigerian Dada 46-bus system as well as an IEEE 33 bus. The simulation results for the IEEE 33-bus system reveal that the cost benefits of $ 100,601, $ 108,212, and $ 89,422 were actualized for one, two, and three DSTATCOMs allocations, respectively, while the figures for the Dada 46-bus system were $ 482,166, $ 574,546, and $ 531,415, respectively. In terms of real power loss in the IEEE 33-bus, the suggested method was determined to be quite effective for DSTATCOM allocation when compared to similar studies in the literature.
配电静态补偿器(DSTATCOMs)被认为是配电网中最具成本效益的现代无功补偿装置之一。然而,DSTATCOMs的尺寸和部署位置是需要考虑的重要因素,以便最大限度地利用其安装。本研究提出使用蚁狮优化算法(ALOA)对DSTATCOM进行合理分配,其目标是使从输电网购买的电力成本减去配电网的DSTATCOM成本所产生的成本效益最大化,从而找到DSTATCOM的合理分配。所建议的技术在尼日利亚Dada 46总线系统和IEEE 33总线上进行了测试。对IEEE 33总线系统的仿真结果表明,1、2和3个dstatcom分配的成本效益分别为100,601美元、108,212美元和89,422美元,而dstatcom 46总线系统的成本效益分别为482,166美元、574,546美元和531,415美元。在IEEE 33总线的实际功率损耗方面,与文献中的类似研究相比,确定了所建议的方法对于DSTATCOM分配是非常有效的。
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引用次数: 2
Experimental Identification and Control of a 3Kw DC Motor 3Kw直流电机的实验辨识与控制
Q3 Computer Science Pub Date : 2022-09-06 DOI: 10.3311/ppee.20421
Mohamed Lamine Hamida, A. Fekik, H. Denoun, F. Kadi
In this project, it was requested to identify the parameters of a 3Kw DC machine to realize a speed control of this machine using a Dspace1103 acquisition card. The control consists to generate a PWM signal to manage a buck chopper based on an IGBT. The proposed control is based on two Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers to regulate both, the speed and the current of the identified DC motor. For this purpose, tests were carried out in order to identify the parameters of this machine. This was followed by the practical implementation of our control system. In order to validate our test bench, several diagrams and explanations have been presented in this paper. The proposed algorithm has been investigated through simulation using the MATLAB/Simulink environment and validated experimentally on a laboratory prototype using Dspace1103 real time board.
本项目要求对一台3Kw直流电机进行参数辨识,利用Dspace1103采集卡实现对该电机的转速控制。该控制包括产生PWM信号来管理基于IGBT的降压斩波器。所提出的控制基于两个比例积分(PI)控制器来调节所识别的直流电机的速度和电流。为此,进行了试验,以确定这台机器的参数。接下来是我们的控制系统的实际实施。为了验证我们的试验台,本文给出了一些图表和说明。利用MATLAB/Simulink环境对该算法进行了仿真研究,并利用Dspace1103实时板在实验室样机上进行了实验验证。
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引用次数: 0
Multiplicative Multiresolution Decomposition for Lossless Volumetric Medical Images Compression 基于乘法多分辨率分解的无损体积医学图像压缩
Q3 Computer Science Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.3311/ppee.20256
Leila Belhadef, M. Outtas, Zoulikha Mekkakia Maaza, O. Déforges, A. Serir
With the emergence of medical imaging, the compression of volumetric medical images is essential. For this purpose, we propose a novel Multiplicative Multiresolution Decomposition (MMD) wavelet coding scheme for lossless compression of volumetric medical images. The MMD is used in speckle reduction technique but offers some proprieties which can be exploited in compression. Thus, as the wavelet transform the MMD provides a hierarchical representation and offers a possibility to realize lossless compression. We integrate in proposed scheme an inter slice filter based on wavelet transform and motion compensation to reduce data energy efficiently. We compare lossless results of classical wavelet coders such as 3D SPIHT and JP3D to the proposed scheme. This scheme incorporates MMD in lossless compression technique by applying MMD/wavelet or MMD transform to each slice, after inter slice filter is employed and the resulting sub-bands are coded by the 3D zero-tree algorithm SPIHT. Lossless experimental results show that the proposed scheme with the MMD can achieve lowest bit rates compared to 3D SPIHT and JP3D.
随着医学成像技术的出现,体积医学图像的压缩变得至关重要。为此,我们提出了一种新的乘性多分辨率分解(MMD)小波编码方案,用于体积医学图像的无损压缩。MMD用于散斑减少技术,但提供了一些可以在压缩中利用的特性。因此,作为小波变换,MMD提供了一种分层表示,并提供了实现无损压缩的可能性。在该方案中,我们将基于小波变换的片间滤波和运动补偿相结合,有效地降低了数据能量。我们比较了经典小波编码器如3D SPIHT和JP3D的无损结果。该方案将MMD/小波变换或MMD变换应用于图像的无损压缩技术中,在对图像进行片间滤波后,采用三维零树SPIHT算法对得到的子带进行编码。无损实验结果表明,与3D SPIHT和JP3D相比,该方案可以实现最低的比特率。
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引用次数: 0
Interval Type2 Fuzzy Logic Based STATCOM Controller for Stabilizing a Mixed Electrical Network System 基于区间2型模糊逻辑的混合电网系统稳态控制器
Q3 Computer Science Pub Date : 2022-08-30 DOI: 10.3311/ppee.19822
Abdellah Kadri, S. Makhloufi
Adding renewable energy plants to the electrical grid reduces the performance of energy systems. This results in problems including power fluctuations and poor voltage quality. This paper presents an interval type2 fuzzy logic-based controller, consisting of current and voltage regulators, that is applied to a STATCOM to regulate the DC voltage under various operating conditions. a membership functions not used before in this filed have been used to generate IT2FL sets output. The STATCOM has been connect with the high voltage bus bar in order to use one STATCOM for all the loads According to comparative studies, the proposed method outperforms traditional PI and type1 fuzzy logic-based controllers.The simulation has been implemented using MATLAB/SIMULINK software and the results confirm the feasibility of the proposed system.
将可再生能源工厂加入电网会降低能源系统的性能。这将导致包括功率波动和电压质量差在内的问题。本文提出了一种基于区间2型模糊逻辑控制器,该控制器由电流调节器和电压调节器组成,可用于STATCOM在各种工况下调节直流电压。在此文件中未使用的成员函数已用于生成IT2FL集输出。将STATCOM与高压母线连接,使所有负载使用一个STATCOM控制。对比研究表明,该方法优于传统的PI控制器和基于1型模糊逻辑的控制器。利用MATLAB/SIMULINK软件进行了仿真,结果证实了所提系统的可行性。
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引用次数: 2
Design of Efficient Storage Unit and EP-ANFIS Controller for On-grid and Off-grid Connected PV-WT System 并网和离网PV-WT系统高效存储单元和EP-ANFIS控制器设计
Q3 Computer Science Pub Date : 2022-08-29 DOI: 10.3311/ppee.20364
S. V. Karemore, Eda Vijay Kumar
The controllers developed so far for the on-grid and off-grid operation is based on frequency regulation at grid and have yield poor switching by inducing oscillation. Hence to solve this problem in this paper, the switching between the on-grid and off-grid are made by the Emperor penguin based Adaptive fuzzy neuro inference system (EP-ANFIS) controller, which works based on the energy supplied to the load. To serve the transient load condition the hybrid storage unit is modelled by social-ski driver algorithm (SSD) that will schedule the energy supplement between the grid and generator. The proposed controller model provides stable operation during the switching process that is without the transient oscillation the switching is smooth. The error in data selection for the ANFIS is reduced by the Emperor penguin optimization (EPO) as 0.1 for the test data. The proposed work is implemented in Matlab/Simulink platform. The results are compared with the existing works in terms of voltage, current, power, and THD. When examining for transient load condition the settling time for the controller to the steady state is 0.78 s which is comparatively low with PID, PI, ANFIS, and ANFIS-PSO controllers. The THD is reduced to 9.11% from the existing methods by maintain the fundamental frequency of 50 Hz.
目前开发的并网和离网控制器都是基于电网的频率调节,通过诱导振荡的方式产生较差的开关率。因此,为了解决这一问题,本文采用基于帝企鹅自适应模糊神经推理系统(EP-ANFIS)的控制器进行并网和离网切换,该控制器根据负载的能量供给进行工作。为了满足暂态负荷条件,采用社会驱动算法(SSD)对混合存储单元进行建模,调度电网与发电机之间的能量补充。所提出的控制器模型在切换过程中提供了稳定的运行,没有瞬态振荡,切换是平稳的。对于测试数据,帝企鹅优化(EPO)将ANFIS的数据选择误差降低为0.1。所提出的工作在Matlab/Simulink平台上实现。并将所得结果与现有的电压、电流、功率、THD进行了比较。在检测暂态负载条件时,控制器的稳定时间为0.78 s,与PID、PI、ANFIS和ANFIS- pso控制器相比,稳定时间较短。通过保持50 Hz的基频,将THD从现有方法降低到9.11%。
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引用次数: 2
Accounting for Non-Uniform Ambient Lighting in Ray Traced Ambient Occlusion 在光线追踪环境遮挡中计算不均匀的环境光照
Q3 Computer Science Pub Date : 2022-07-11 DOI: 10.3311/ppee.20209
András Fridvalszky, B. Tóth
Ambient occlusion is a popular method to enhance the visuals of real-time applications. The generally accepted equation assumes that incoming ambient lighting is uniform in the enclosing hemisphere around the surface point. This assumption does not always hold and can cause artifacts. With screen-space techniques the artifact may not be present, because of the lack of information, but it becomes visible with more accurate methods. This is especially true for ray tracing based implementations which are widely used to create the ground truth image to measure other techniques. With recent advancements of the graphics hardware, they also found their way into real-time applications where these shortcomings were neither discussed nor addressed. In this paper we analyze the problem and demonstrate its presence in popular game engines. We also propose a ray tracing based extension to eliminate these artifact in a physically plausible way.
环境遮挡是增强实时应用程序视觉效果的一种流行方法。一般接受的方程假设入射环境光照在表面点周围的封闭半球是均匀的。这个假设并不总是成立,并且可能导致伪影。使用屏幕空间技术时,由于缺乏信息,工件可能不存在,但是使用更精确的方法,它变得可见。这对于基于光线追踪的实现来说尤其如此,它被广泛用于创建地面真实图像来测量其他技术。随着最近图形硬件的进步,它们也找到了进入实时应用程序的方法,而这些缺点既没有被讨论也没有被解决。在本文中,我们分析了这个问题,并证明了它在流行的游戏引擎中的存在。我们还提出了一种基于光线追踪的扩展,以一种物理上合理的方式消除这些伪影。
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引用次数: 0
Study and Numerical Simulation of the Electrical Properties of a Duct-Type Electrostatic Precipitator Using Seven Circular Corona Wires: A Review 7根环形电晕线管式电除尘器电性能的研究与数值模拟
Q3 Computer Science Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.3311/ppee.19482
Angel Asipuela, T. Iváncsy
The study of electrostatic precipitators (ESP) is of great importance in powder technology. Different physical and chemical processes occur during its operation. The objective of this investigation is to analyze and observe electrical phenomena using mathematical models such as Poisson's equation and the charge conservation equation. To carry out the simulation two flat plates and seven corona wires are geometrically arranged based on an ESP prototype. The general form of partial differential equations mentioned along with the boundary conditions was written in software and associated with the different parts of the geometry. For example, the electric field onset is calculated by Peak's law and set as one of the boundary conditions for the corona wires. Defining the space charge density distribution is an essential part because the next processes inside of ESP depend on this parameter. A specific method that splits the space charge density is used to solve these PDEs. Besides, a review of the concepts of the particle charging process, particle kinetics, and particle collection is introduced. The results obtained from the simulation such as the electric potential, electric field, and space charge density, agree with those proposed in some investigations.
静电除尘器的研究在粉体技术中具有重要的意义。在其运行过程中会发生不同的物理和化学过程。本研究的目的是利用泊松方程和电荷守恒方程等数学模型来分析和观察电现象。为了进行仿真,以电晕电磁铁原型为基础,将两块平板和七条电晕导线进行几何排列。与边界条件一起提到的偏微分方程的一般形式是用软件编写的,并与几何的不同部分相关联。例如,利用匹克定律计算电场起始,并将其作为电晕线的边界条件之一。确定空间电荷密度分布是一个重要的部分,因为ESP内部的后续过程依赖于这个参数。本文采用了一种分解空间电荷密度的方法来求解这些偏微分方程。此外,还介绍了粒子充电过程、粒子动力学和粒子收集的概念。电势、电场和空间电荷密度的模拟结果与一些研究结果一致。
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引用次数: 1
Comparison of Adaptive Fuzzy EKF and Adaptive Fuzzy UKF for State Estimation of UAVs Using Sensor Fusion 基于传感器融合的无人机状态估计的自适应模糊EKF与自适应模糊UKF比较
Q3 Computer Science Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.3311/ppee.20361
Huda Naji Al-sudany, B. Lantos
Development of an Adaptive Fuzzy Extended Kalman Filter (AFEKF) and an Adaptive Fuzzy Unscented Kalman Filter (AFUKF) for the state estimation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) were presented in this paper based on real flight data of a fixed wing airplane. The Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy extension helps to estimate the values of the EKF's and UKF's Rk covariance matrix at each sampling instant when measurement update step is carried out. The ANFIS monitors the EKF's and UKF's performances attempt to eliminate the gap between theoretical and real innovation sequences' covariance. The investigations show that AFUKF can provide better performance in accuracy and less error than the AFEKF in case of real flight data for maneuvering fixed wing UAVs.
基于固定翼飞机的真实飞行数据,提出了一种用于无人机状态估计的自适应模糊扩展卡尔曼滤波器(AFEKF)和自适应模糊无气味卡尔曼滤波器(AFUKF)。自适应神经模糊扩展有助于在进行测量更新步骤时估计每个采样时刻的EKF和UKF的Rk协方差矩阵的值。ANFIS监测EKF和UKF的性能,试图消除理论和实际创新序列的协方差之间的差距。研究表明,对于机动固定翼无人机的实际飞行数据,AFUKF在精度和误差上都优于AFEKF。
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引用次数: 0
Efficient Method for Computing Capacitance Changes between Electrodes due to Foreign Objects in Capacitive WPT Systems 电容式WPT系统中电极间因异物引起的电容变化的有效计算方法
Q3 Computer Science Pub Date : 2022-06-21 DOI: 10.3311/ppee.19551
Bence Tóth
In this paper, a foreign object detection method based on an integral formula is derived for capacitive wireless power transfer systems. The formula expresses the capacitance changes of the system and can predict even very small changes with high accuracy and computational efficiency, as the change is directly evaluated from the electric field in the volume of the foreign object. First, the derivation of the integral formula is presented, then a simple configuration is investigated using the finite element method.
本文提出了一种基于积分公式的电容式无线电力传输系统异物检测方法。该公式表达了系统的电容变化,并且可以预测非常小的变化,具有很高的精度和计算效率,因为变化是直接从异物体积中的电场来评估的。首先推导了积分公式,然后用有限元法研究了一种简单构型。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Periodica polytechnica Electrical engineering and computer science
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