Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.22
Smaranda Doina Roșu Mareș, A. Chioran, G. Guzu, Z. Jakab, C. Puia
It is desirable that in the newly established apple orchards to be promoted as many Romanian cultivars that have genetic resistance to diseases. That is why we considered important the evaluation of some Romanian apple varieties whose expansion in culture is desired, in terms of their behaviour to the attack of the fungus Podosphera leucotricha, one of the most harmful pathogens that damage apples. The evaluation of the cultivars was performed in the period 2019 – 2021, in the experimental plots of Research Station for Fruit Growing (RSFG) Bistrita and targeted six Romanian cultivars and five foreign cultivars. Observations were made both in the untreated plots and in the plots where conventional treatment schemes were applied. The results highlight the varieties created at SCDP Bistriţa: 'Bistrițean' and 'Starkprim' which, together with 'Starkrimson', stood out due to the absence of powdery mildew symptoms in the three years of study.The cultivars known to be sensitive to powdery mildew, 'Idared' and 'Jonathan' were most affected, followed by 'Golden Delicious'. The cultivars 'Florina', 'Generos' and 'Auriu de Bistrița' showed a medium to low sensitivity and 'Aura' and 'Salva' very low sensitivity.
在新建立的苹果园中推广许多具有抗病基因的罗马尼亚品种是可取的。这就是为什么我们认为对一些罗马尼亚苹果品种的评估很重要，这些品种的培养规模是理想的，因为它们对真菌白弧菌(Podosphera leucotricha)的攻击行为是对苹果最有害的病原体之一。品种评价于2019 - 2021年在Bistrita水果种植研究站(RSFG)的试验田进行，以6个罗马尼亚品种和5个外国品种为目标。在未处理的地块和采用常规处理方案的地块均进行了观察。结果突出了SCDP Bistriţa创造的品种:'Bistrițean'和'Starkprim'，这些品种与'Starkrimson'一起，由于在三年的研究中没有白粉病症状而脱颖而出。已知对白粉病敏感的品种，“Idared”和“Jonathan”受影响最大，其次是“Golden Delicious”。品种‘Florina’、‘Generos’和‘Auriu de Bistrița’表现出中低灵敏度，而‘Aura’和‘Salva’表现出极低灵敏度。
{"title":"THE RESPONSE OF SOME ROMANIAN AND FOREIGN APPLE CULTIVARS TO THE NATURAL INFECTIONS CAUSED BY PODOSPHERA LEUCOTRICHA, IN BISTRIȚA AREA","authors":"Smaranda Doina Roșu Mareș, A. Chioran, G. Guzu, Z. Jakab, C. Puia","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.22","url":null,"abstract":"It is desirable that in the newly established apple orchards to be promoted as many Romanian cultivars that have genetic resistance to diseases. That is why we considered important the evaluation of some Romanian apple varieties whose expansion in culture is desired, in terms of their behaviour to the attack of the fungus Podosphera leucotricha, one of the most harmful pathogens that damage apples. The evaluation of the cultivars was performed in the period 2019 – 2021, in the experimental plots of Research Station for Fruit Growing (RSFG) Bistrita and targeted six Romanian cultivars and five foreign cultivars. Observations were made both in the untreated plots and in the plots where conventional treatment schemes were applied. The results highlight the varieties created at SCDP Bistriţa: 'Bistrițean' and 'Starkprim' which, together with 'Starkrimson', stood out due to the absence of powdery mildew symptoms in the three years of study.The cultivars known to be sensitive to powdery mildew, 'Idared' and 'Jonathan' were most affected, followed by 'Golden Delicious'. The cultivars 'Florina', 'Generos' and 'Auriu de Bistrița' showed a medium to low sensitivity and 'Aura' and 'Salva' very low sensitivity.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42814286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.19
I. Titirica, M. Dima, A. Diaconu, A. Paraschiv, Florentina Netcu, S. Nanu
The study was carried out in a peach orchard, `Cardinal` variety, on a sandy soil, within the Dăbuleni Research - Development Station for Plant Cultivation on Sandy Soil. The experimental plot was fertilized with different doses of compost, obtained from sludge resulting from the processing of domestic wastewater. Following fertilization, the soil analyzes showed an increase in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content, with higher values for fertilized variants with doses of 60 and 80 t/ha compost, compared to the control variant. Also, in the leaves the macroelements registered the highest values in the variant fertilized with 60t / ha sludge compost (3.53% nitrogen, 0.32% phosphorus, 1.69% potassium). The soil heavy metals content recorded higher values on the variants fertilized with sludge compost, but the recorded values did not exceed the maximum allowed limits by the layer. The rate of the photosynthesis, the perspiration, the stomatal conductance and the chlorophyll content index, as well as the biochemical properties of the fruits, respectively total dry matter, soluble dry matter, amount of carbohydrates and vitamin C, recorded significantly higher values on the variants fertilized with sewage sludge compost.
{"title":"THE USE OF COMPOST OBTAINED FROM SEWAGE SLUDGE, AS FERTILIZER IN A PEACH ORCHARD","authors":"I. Titirica, M. Dima, A. Diaconu, A. Paraschiv, Florentina Netcu, S. Nanu","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.19","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out in a peach orchard, `Cardinal` variety, on a sandy soil, within the Dăbuleni Research - Development Station for Plant Cultivation on Sandy Soil. The experimental plot was fertilized with different doses of compost, obtained from sludge resulting from the processing of domestic wastewater. Following fertilization, the soil analyzes showed an increase in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content, with higher values for fertilized variants with doses of 60 and 80 t/ha compost, compared to the control variant. Also, in the leaves the macroelements registered the highest values in the variant fertilized with 60t / ha sludge compost (3.53% nitrogen, 0.32% phosphorus, 1.69% potassium). The soil heavy metals content recorded higher values on the variants fertilized with sludge compost, but the recorded values did not exceed the maximum allowed limits by the layer. The rate of the photosynthesis, the perspiration, the stomatal conductance and the chlorophyll content index, as well as the biochemical properties of the fruits, respectively total dry matter, soluble dry matter, amount of carbohydrates and vitamin C, recorded significantly higher values on the variants fertilized with sewage sludge compost.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44710663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.10
M. Ciucă, M. Butac, E. Conțescu, Alina Gabriela Turcu, M. Iordachescu
The hexaploid European plums (Prunus domestica L. and Prunus domestica subsp. insititia (L.) C.K.Schneid.) are main traditional fruit tree culture in Romania and represent an economically important fruit species with limited information on its genetic structure. Our objective was to fingerprint 33 cultivars using four Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) primer pairs to estimate the genetic relationships among local and international cultivars. The primer pairs amplified a total of 70 alleles ranging from 14 to 21 alleles per marker. A wide range of fragment length was detected among the accessions, from 65 to 2000 bp. The mean number of alleles per primer combination was 17.5, with the most alleles obtained with SRAP80 (21 alleles), range between 65-1800 bp and the fewest alleles (14) were obtained with SRAP95, range between 150-2000 bp. The neighbor-joining dendrogram, based on Rogers genetic distance, of the plum germplasm studied, consisted of two main clusters of different sizes: 23 entries were grouped into cluster 1 and the remaining 10 entries were grouped into cluster 2. It is interesting that cultivars representing plum species with 6x and 2x ploidy levels were clustered together. Another interesting aspect observed refers to plum genotypes clustered closely on the dendrogram according to their pedigree, such as 'Dani' (P14) - 'Tita' (P15), 'Roman' (P7) - 'Early Rivers' (P9), 'Zamfira' (P6) - 'Pescăruș' (P33). Accessions within the Romanian landrace/old autochthonous cultivars group were not clustered together. Regarding the PCA, the first two principal axes accounted for 12.91% (CP1) and 10.46% (CP2) of the total variation, respectively, together explaining 23.37% of the total variability. Our results showed that SRAP markers represent valuable tools for genetic diversity study on Prunus domestica. To our knowledge, this is the first study using SRAP markers for characterization of P. domestica germplasm. In the future, this molecular genetic information can be combined with phenological and biochemical data to identify genes, quantitative trait loci (QTL) and molecular markers that can be used to improve the plum crop breeding program.
{"title":"STUDY OF GENETIC DIVERSITY IN PLUM GENOTYPES USING SRAP MARKERS","authors":"M. Ciucă, M. Butac, E. Conțescu, Alina Gabriela Turcu, M. Iordachescu","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.10","url":null,"abstract":"The hexaploid European plums (Prunus domestica L. and Prunus domestica subsp. insititia (L.) C.K.Schneid.) are main traditional fruit tree culture in Romania and represent an economically important fruit species with limited information on its genetic structure. Our objective was to fingerprint 33 cultivars using four Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) primer pairs to estimate the genetic relationships among local and international cultivars. The primer pairs amplified a total of 70 alleles ranging from 14 to 21 alleles per marker. A wide range of fragment length was detected among the accessions, from 65 to 2000 bp. The mean number of alleles per primer combination was 17.5, with the most alleles obtained with SRAP80 (21 alleles), range between 65-1800 bp and the fewest alleles (14) were obtained with SRAP95, range between 150-2000 bp. The neighbor-joining dendrogram, based on Rogers genetic distance, of the plum germplasm studied, consisted of two main clusters of different sizes: 23 entries were grouped into cluster 1 and the remaining 10 entries were grouped into cluster 2. It is interesting that cultivars representing plum species with 6x and 2x ploidy levels were clustered together. Another interesting aspect observed refers to plum genotypes clustered closely on the dendrogram according to their pedigree, such as 'Dani' (P14) - 'Tita' (P15), 'Roman' (P7) - 'Early Rivers' (P9), 'Zamfira' (P6) - 'Pescăruș' (P33). Accessions within the Romanian landrace/old autochthonous cultivars group were not clustered together. Regarding the PCA, the first two principal axes accounted for 12.91% (CP1) and 10.46% (CP2) of the total variation, respectively, together explaining 23.37% of the total variability. Our results showed that SRAP markers represent valuable tools for genetic diversity study on Prunus domestica. To our knowledge, this is the first study using SRAP markers for characterization of P. domestica germplasm. In the future, this molecular genetic information can be combined with phenological and biochemical data to identify genes, quantitative trait loci (QTL) and molecular markers that can be used to improve the plum crop breeding program.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49472064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.02
S. Krumov, D. Sotirov
A brief pomological description of the sweet cherry cultivars ‘Pobeda’, ‘Kyustendilska Chrustyalka’, ‘Cherna Konyavska’ and ‘Mizia’, created in the early periods of the selection activity at the Institute of Agriculture in Kyustendil (50s - 70s of the last century) was made. Due to their low spread in the past already these cultivars are threatened with loss. All of them are characterized by large to very large, extremely tasty and firm fruits and have very good transportability. Some local forms of cherries of unknown origin, found as a result of scientific expeditions in the mountainous regions of Kyustendil district are also described. The fruit of ‘Pobeda’ and ‘Cherna Konyavska’ are easily detached from the stalks, without tearing and juice leakage, which makes them suitable for mechanized harvesting. The fruit of ‘Mizia’ have a very high resistance to mechanical pressure and are suitable for transportation. Most of the forms of unknown origin have medium to large fruits, whose diameter varies from 18.1 to 24.6 mm. One of the forms is soft but the others have firm fruits. The shape of the fruit varies from round to broadly heart-shaped. Most of them have dark red to black skin color. The taste of all is sweet and sour and only one form has a slight tartness. Single, very old trees of these varieties and forms were found in abandoned yards and fields in the villages at the western foot of the Konyavska Mountain and in the southeastern part of the Osogovo Mountain.
{"title":"ВRIEF POMOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF THREATENED FROM EXTINCTION LOCAL SWEET CHERRY CULTIVARS AND SOME FORMS OF UNIDENTIFIED ORIGIN","authors":"S. Krumov, D. Sotirov","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.02","url":null,"abstract":"A brief pomological description of the sweet cherry cultivars ‘Pobeda’, ‘Kyustendilska Chrustyalka’, ‘Cherna Konyavska’ and ‘Mizia’, created in the early periods of the selection activity at the Institute of Agriculture in Kyustendil (50s - 70s of the last century) was made. Due to their low spread in the past already these cultivars are threatened with loss. All of them are characterized by large to very large, extremely tasty and firm fruits and have very good transportability. Some local forms of cherries of unknown origin, found as a result of scientific expeditions in the mountainous regions of Kyustendil district are also described. The fruit of ‘Pobeda’ and ‘Cherna Konyavska’ are easily detached from the stalks, without tearing and juice leakage, which makes them suitable for mechanized harvesting. The fruit of ‘Mizia’ have a very high resistance to mechanical pressure and are suitable for transportation. Most of the forms of unknown origin have medium to large fruits, whose diameter varies from 18.1 to 24.6 mm. One of the forms is soft but the others have firm fruits. The shape of the fruit varies from round to broadly heart-shaped. Most of them have dark red to black skin color. The taste of all is sweet and sour and only one form has a slight tartness. Single, very old trees of these varieties and forms were found in abandoned yards and fields in the villages at the western foot of the Konyavska Mountain and in the southeastern part of the Osogovo Mountain.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43975188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.21
E. Marin, D. Manea, M. Mateescu, G. Gheorghe, Carmen Bălțatu, A. Dumitrașcu
The paper presents an analysis of the innovative technologies that are currently implementing spraying treatments with the reduction of specific consumption of pesticides, fuel, labour and especially the reduction of environmental pollution. They are presented for the administration of insecticides-fungicides and liquid fertilizers with machines for spraying vines and orchards of the carried type with a tank of 300-600 litres and of the trailed type with a tank of 600-2000 litres, which have standard fans or a tower with controlled spraying, 600-800 mm propellers with adjustable pitch, hot-dip galvanized metal parts, bronze nozzle holder, cardan shaft, etc. The work concludes with the recommendation of using an innovative spraying machine that allows significant savings of active substance, depending on the vegetative phase of the plantation at the time of spraying compared to conventional treatment.
{"title":"INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE APPLICATION IN VINEYARDS AND ORCHARDS OF SPRAYING TREATMENTS WITH REDUCED IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT. PRESENT AND PERSPECTIVES","authors":"E. Marin, D. Manea, M. Mateescu, G. Gheorghe, Carmen Bălțatu, A. Dumitrașcu","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.21","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents an analysis of the innovative technologies that are currently implementing spraying treatments with the reduction of specific consumption of pesticides, fuel, labour and especially the reduction of environmental pollution. They are presented for the administration of insecticides-fungicides and liquid fertilizers with machines for spraying vines and orchards of the carried type with a tank of 300-600 litres and of the trailed type with a tank of 600-2000 litres, which have standard fans or a tower with controlled spraying, 600-800 mm propellers with adjustable pitch, hot-dip galvanized metal parts, bronze nozzle holder, cardan shaft, etc. The work concludes with the recommendation of using an innovative spraying machine that allows significant savings of active substance, depending on the vegetative phase of the plantation at the time of spraying compared to conventional treatment.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44229919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.04
M. Butac, E. Mareși, A. Stan, Song Young-un, Shin Yong-seub
Given the importance of the plum culture in Romania and the fact that, year by year, the plum assortment is renewed with autochtonous and foreign cultivars, in this work we have proposed the study of 8 foreign cultivars resulting from the Germany breeding program ('Jojo', 'Haganta', 'Hanita', 'Topend plus', 'Topfive', 'Topfirst', 'Toptaste', 'Topgigant plus') considered very good from a quantitative and qualitative point of view in their country of origin. As a control 'Stanley' and 'Centenar' cvs. were used, widespread in the commercial orchards from Romania. The cultivars are located in a field trial established in 2018 within the Genetics and Breeding laboratory. The trees, grafted on the Mirobolan C5 rootstock, were planted at a distance of 4 m between rows and 3 m between the trees and the crowns were trained as flat open center. During the 2020-2022 period the following observations and determinations were carry out: flowering and ripening phenophases, yielding capacity in kg/tree, fruits quality (weight, flesh firmness, soluble solids content) and behaviour to Plum Pox Virus. Following the observations and determinations made, the 'Topfirst' cv. was noted by earliness (3rd decade of July), 'Jojo', 'Haganta', 'Topgigant plus' and 'Topfirst' through higher productions than the two cultivars taken as a control, 'Haganta', 'Topgigant plus', 'Jojo' and 'Topend plus' through very large fruits (over 50 g on average) and 'Jojo', 'Haganta' and 'Hanita' by resistance to Plum Pox Virus. These cultivars can be recommended for the extension in the commercial orchards from Romania, taking into account the requirements of the private fruit growers. Also, some of these cultivars can be used as genitors in breeding works.
{"title":"STUDY OF GERMAN PLUM CULTIVARS UNDER THE PEDOCLIMATIC CONDITIONS FROM RIFG PITESTI-MĂRĂCINENI","authors":"M. Butac, E. Mareși, A. Stan, Song Young-un, Shin Yong-seub","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.04","url":null,"abstract":"Given the importance of the plum culture in Romania and the fact that, year by year, the plum assortment is renewed with autochtonous and foreign cultivars, in this work we have proposed the study of 8 foreign cultivars resulting from the Germany breeding program ('Jojo', 'Haganta', 'Hanita', 'Topend plus', 'Topfive', 'Topfirst', 'Toptaste', 'Topgigant plus') considered very good from a quantitative and qualitative point of view in their country of origin. As a control 'Stanley' and 'Centenar' cvs. were used, widespread in the commercial orchards from Romania. The cultivars are located in a field trial established in 2018 within the Genetics and Breeding laboratory. The trees, grafted on the Mirobolan C5 rootstock, were planted at a distance of 4 m between rows and 3 m between the trees and the crowns were trained as flat open center. During the 2020-2022 period the following observations and determinations were carry out: flowering and ripening phenophases, yielding capacity in kg/tree, fruits quality (weight, flesh firmness, soluble solids content) and behaviour to Plum Pox Virus. Following the observations and determinations made, the 'Topfirst' cv. was noted by earliness (3rd decade of July), 'Jojo', 'Haganta', 'Topgigant plus' and 'Topfirst' through higher productions than the two cultivars taken as a control, 'Haganta', 'Topgigant plus', 'Jojo' and 'Topend plus' through very large fruits (over 50 g on average) and 'Jojo', 'Haganta' and 'Hanita' by resistance to Plum Pox Virus. These cultivars can be recommended for the extension in the commercial orchards from Romania, taking into account the requirements of the private fruit growers. Also, some of these cultivars can be used as genitors in breeding works.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47339209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.33
Oana Hera, M. Sturzeanu, Amelia Petrescu, L. Vîjan
In last years, highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) has gained great popularity, mainly due to its appreciated taste and multiple uses. The biochemical composition of blueberries has an important role in health and nutrition. Studies have shown that bioactive compounds can reduce the risk of many diseases. This study was conducted over a period of three years to assess the size of the fruit average weight per fruit, diameter, firmness, total titratable acidity, color, total soluble solids (°Brix), pH, but also the total content of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, tannins and carotenoids, along with vitamin C and total sugar. Three blueberry genotypes ('Azur', 'Delicia', and 'Northblue') and two advanced selections ('4/6', and '6/38') were studied. The plants were grown at the Research Institute for Pomiculture Pitesti - Maracineni, Romania, in open field studies in randomized block with three repetitions (5 plants/ genotype/ repetition). The researches showed the following: the average weight / plant recorded values between 2.07 g ('Northblue' cv.) and 2.64 g ('6/38'); the size of the fruit varied between 12.10 mm ('4/6') and 17.45 mm ('Azur' cv.); the firmness had values between 15.33 N ('Northblue' cv.) and 18.45 N ('Azur' cv.); total titratable acidity of highbush blueberry increased from 0.625% for '4/6' elite to 0.960% for 'Northblue' cv.); total soluble solids varied between 12.9 °Brix ('6/38') and 15.59 °Brix ('Delicia' cv.); colorimetry ranged from 27.19 (L*), 0.19 (a*), -2.66 (b*) ('Azur' cv.) to 34.23 (L*), 0.72 (a*), -3.13 (b*) ('Delicia' cv.). Total polyphenols recorded values between 284.4 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) g/ 100 g fresh weight (fw) ('Azur' cv.) and 481.6 mg GAE/100 g fresh weight ('Northblue' cv.); total flavonoids had values between 110.6 mg catechin equivalents/100 g) CE /100 g ('Delicia' cv.) and 160.8 mg CE/100 g ('6/38'); total anthocyanins recorded values between 10.35 mg cyanidin-3-O-glucoside equivalents (C 3-G)/100 fresh weight ('Azur' cv.) and 56.03 mg cy3GE/100 g ('6/38'); total tannins varied between 160.5 mg GAE/100 g ('6/38') and 335.2 mg GAE/100 g ('4/6'); total sugar varied between 21.14 g glucose/100 g ('Northblue' cv.) and 30.67 g glucose /100 g ('Azur' cv.), and vitamin C content had values between 2.27 mg/100 g ('Azur' cv.) and 5.85 mg/100g ('Delicia' cv. and '6/38'). These genotypes having highest physico-chemical qualities could be used in blueberry breeding programs in order to obtain new genotipes.
{"title":"THE EVALUATION OF THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL QUALITIES OF BLUEBERRY FRUITS","authors":"Oana Hera, M. Sturzeanu, Amelia Petrescu, L. Vîjan","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.33","url":null,"abstract":"In last years, highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) has gained great popularity, mainly due to its appreciated taste and multiple uses. The biochemical composition of blueberries has an important role in health and nutrition. Studies have shown that bioactive compounds can reduce the risk of many diseases. This study was conducted over a period of three years to assess the size of the fruit average weight per fruit, diameter, firmness, total titratable acidity, color, total soluble solids (°Brix), pH, but also the total content of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, tannins and carotenoids, along with vitamin C and total sugar. Three blueberry genotypes ('Azur', 'Delicia', and 'Northblue') and two advanced selections ('4/6', and '6/38') were studied. The plants were grown at the Research Institute for Pomiculture Pitesti - Maracineni, Romania, in open field studies in randomized block with three repetitions (5 plants/ genotype/ repetition). The researches showed the following: the average weight / plant recorded values between 2.07 g ('Northblue' cv.) and 2.64 g ('6/38'); the size of the fruit varied between 12.10 mm ('4/6') and 17.45 mm ('Azur' cv.); the firmness had values between 15.33 N ('Northblue' cv.) and 18.45 N ('Azur' cv.); total titratable acidity of highbush blueberry increased from 0.625% for '4/6' elite to 0.960% for 'Northblue' cv.); total soluble solids varied between 12.9 °Brix ('6/38') and 15.59 °Brix ('Delicia' cv.); colorimetry ranged from 27.19 (L*), 0.19 (a*), -2.66 (b*) ('Azur' cv.) to 34.23 (L*), 0.72 (a*), -3.13 (b*) ('Delicia' cv.). Total polyphenols recorded values between 284.4 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) g/ 100 g fresh weight (fw) ('Azur' cv.) and 481.6 mg GAE/100 g fresh weight ('Northblue' cv.); total flavonoids had values between 110.6 mg catechin equivalents/100 g) CE /100 g ('Delicia' cv.) and 160.8 mg CE/100 g ('6/38'); total anthocyanins recorded values between 10.35 mg cyanidin-3-O-glucoside equivalents (C 3-G)/100 fresh weight ('Azur' cv.) and 56.03 mg cy3GE/100 g ('6/38'); total tannins varied between 160.5 mg GAE/100 g ('6/38') and 335.2 mg GAE/100 g ('4/6'); total sugar varied between 21.14 g glucose/100 g ('Northblue' cv.) and 30.67 g glucose /100 g ('Azur' cv.), and vitamin C content had values between 2.27 mg/100 g ('Azur' cv.) and 5.85 mg/100g ('Delicia' cv. and '6/38'). These genotypes having highest physico-chemical qualities could be used in blueberry breeding programs in order to obtain new genotipes.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47935728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.11
Adina Iancu, S. Cosmulescu
In Romania, 70 ameliorated varieties were created starting in 1996 and until now. Some of them show resistance to scab, being carriers of some genes described in various specialized works, but, for some time, a decrease in resistance to the pathogen Venturia inaequalis has been observed in varieties known to be resistant, so must be initiated a reorganization of the hybridization in breeding programs. In this study, a molecular screening was performed for some of the parents that were used to create the varieties in breeding programs from Romania. The apple varieties introduced in this study were differentiated with the following molecular markers: AL07, AM19, Vfc for the Rvi6 gene; OPL19 for Rvi2 and Rvi8 gene; AD13 for the Rvi4 gene, respectively OPB12 and Hi07ho2 for the Rvi5 gene, some of the varieties being identified as carrier more than two resistance genes ('Florina', 'Romus 3’, 'Romus 4’, 'Romus 5’, 'Pionier’ and 'Starkrimson’).
{"title":"THE MOLECULAR SCREENING OF SOME FOREIGN AND ROMANIAN VARIETIES USED IN BREEDING PROGRAMS IN ROMANIA","authors":"Adina Iancu, S. Cosmulescu","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.11","url":null,"abstract":"In Romania, 70 ameliorated varieties were created starting in 1996 and until now. Some of them show resistance to scab, being carriers of some genes described in various specialized works, but, for some time, a decrease in resistance to the pathogen Venturia inaequalis has been observed in varieties known to be resistant, so must be initiated a reorganization of the hybridization in breeding programs. In this study, a molecular screening was performed for some of the parents that were used to create the varieties in breeding programs from Romania. The apple varieties introduced in this study were differentiated with the following molecular markers: AL07, AM19, Vfc for the Rvi6 gene; OPL19 for Rvi2 and Rvi8 gene; AD13 for the Rvi4 gene, respectively OPB12 and Hi07ho2 for the Rvi5 gene, some of the varieties being identified as carrier more than two resistance genes ('Florina', 'Romus 3’, 'Romus 4’, 'Romus 5’, 'Pionier’ and 'Starkrimson’).","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43388793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.28
park young-sik, Kim Joo-Hyun, Lee Je-Chang, Jeong Haet-Nim, Heo Jae-Yun
This study was designed to examine the effects of both the concentration and treatment time of gibberellin acid (GA3) on fruit quality in ‘Cheongyang’, a triploid grape. The first set of experiments were used to determine the optimal GA3 concentration (0 (water), 25, 50, and 100 ppm) and were completed when the flowers reached full bloom, with the final fruit characteristics evaluated following their harvest. These evaluations revealed that both fruit setting and enlargement increased with increasing GA3 concentration without any adverse side effects, revealing that GA3 at 100 ppm was the most effective concentration for these grapes. The effect of the time of GA3 treatment on fruit characteristics was evaluated by examining the major fruit indicators expressed when plants were treated with 100 ppm GA3 5 days before full bloom, at full bloom, and 5 days after full bloom. This confirmed that GA3 treatment at full bloom led to the largest fruit being produced with the least deterioration in fruit quality. Thus, our data suggests that applying GA3 at 100 ppm to flowers in full bloom will produce the most attractive seedless fruits in the triploid ‘Cheongyang’ grape cultivar.
{"title":"EFFECT OF GIBBERELLIN ACID TREATMENT CONCENTRATION AND TIMING ON THE FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS OF TRIPLOID GRAPE CULTIVAR, 'CHEONGYANG'","authors":"park young-sik, Kim Joo-Hyun, Lee Je-Chang, Jeong Haet-Nim, Heo Jae-Yun","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.28","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to examine the effects of both the concentration and treatment time of gibberellin acid (GA3) on fruit quality in ‘Cheongyang’, a triploid grape. The first set of experiments were used to determine the optimal GA3 concentration (0 (water), 25, 50, and 100 ppm) and were completed when the flowers reached full bloom, with the final fruit characteristics evaluated following their harvest. These evaluations revealed that both fruit setting and enlargement increased with increasing GA3 concentration without any adverse side effects, revealing that GA3 at 100 ppm was the most effective concentration for these grapes. The effect of the time of GA3 treatment on fruit characteristics was evaluated by examining the major fruit indicators expressed when plants were treated with 100 ppm GA3 5 days before full bloom, at full bloom, and 5 days after full bloom. This confirmed that GA3 treatment at full bloom led to the largest fruit being produced with the least deterioration in fruit quality. Thus, our data suggests that applying GA3 at 100 ppm to flowers in full bloom will produce the most attractive seedless fruits in the triploid ‘Cheongyang’ grape cultivar.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46467114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.05
L. Bădulescu, A. Udriște, A. Butcaru, M. Iordachescu
Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is one of the most cultivated fruit trees species worldwide, its fruits being consumed not only for their organoleptic attributes, but also for their nutraceutical properties. Therefore, the genetic variability of the species is extremely important to insure a large enough pool of cultivars to accommodate consumer demands for various fruit traits, such as taste, flavor, color, shape, etc., as well as to preserve cultivars that have less desirable organoleptic properties but are resistant/tolerant to biotic and/or abiotic stress and could be good genitors for these traits. The current study presents the use of ISSR method to assess the genetic variability among seven Romanian apple cultivars from the orchard collection of University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Romania: ‘Florina’, ‘Remar’, ‘Ciprian’, ‘Iris’, ‘Rebra’, ‘Generos’, and ‘Redix’. In addition, the method proved to be useful in identifying closely related individual genotypes, allowing the identification and elimination of duplicates from collections, without compromising the collection’s genetic variability.
{"title":"GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS AMONG SEVERAL APPLE GENOTYPES USING ISSR MARKERS","authors":"L. Bădulescu, A. Udriște, A. Butcaru, M. Iordachescu","doi":"10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v38.2022.05","url":null,"abstract":"Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is one of the most cultivated fruit trees species worldwide, its fruits being consumed not only for their organoleptic attributes, but also for their nutraceutical properties. Therefore, the genetic variability of the species is extremely important to insure a large enough pool of cultivars to accommodate consumer demands for various fruit traits, such as taste, flavor, color, shape, etc., as well as to preserve cultivars that have less desirable organoleptic properties but are resistant/tolerant to biotic and/or abiotic stress and could be good genitors for these traits. The current study presents the use of ISSR method to assess the genetic variability among seven Romanian apple cultivars from the orchard collection of University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Romania: ‘Florina’, ‘Remar’, ‘Ciprian’, ‘Iris’, ‘Rebra’, ‘Generos’, and ‘Redix’. In addition, the method proved to be useful in identifying closely related individual genotypes, allowing the identification and elimination of duplicates from collections, without compromising the collection’s genetic variability.","PeriodicalId":37667,"journal":{"name":"Fruit Growing Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44075741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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