An orbital location of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is rare, and none has been reported in Nigeria to the best of our knowledge. We report the multidisciplinary management of a case; a 50-year-old human immune-deficiency virus, seronegative female who presented with a painless, progressive swelling of the left eye of two years duration that was histologically confirmed as orbital KS. Occurrence of KS in the orbit is rare; we highlight the need for a very high index of suspicion for this tumor as well as the challenges of managing this unsightly indolent tumor in Nigeria.
{"title":"Orbital kaposi sarcoma in a female retroviral disease negative nigerian and a review of literature","authors":"R. Momoh, Eno Chude, E. Oboh, D. Obaseki","doi":"10.4103/NJO.NJO_11_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NJO.NJO_11_18","url":null,"abstract":"An orbital location of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is rare, and none has been reported in Nigeria to the best of our knowledge. We report the multidisciplinary management of a case; a 50-year-old human immune-deficiency virus, seronegative female who presented with a painless, progressive swelling of the left eye of two years duration that was histologically confirmed as orbital KS. Occurrence of KS in the orbit is rare; we highlight the need for a very high index of suspicion for this tumor as well as the challenges of managing this unsightly indolent tumor in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133504385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The vertical cup–disc (C/D) ratio is useful clinically in optic-disc assessment in glaucoma suspects and diagnosing glaucomas and is thought to also be influenced by many ocular and systemic factors. The body mass index (BMI) is said to be an important parameter which influences vertical C/D ratio and different studies have shown different correlation between these two variables. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship of vertical C/D ratio with BMI in a population of Saudi adult females. Methods: One hundred and one female participants in the age group 18 to 40 years were included in a cross-sectional study after obtaining information regarding demographic data, ocular/systemic diseases, and surgeries by an oral interview. The BMI was calculated as ratio of body weight divided by the square of the body height. C/D ratio was recorded with direct ophthalmoscopic examination and examination with 90-D (Volk) lens. Analysis of variance was used to examine the BMI on vertical C/D ratio. A P-value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant with confidence interval of 95%. Results: The mean BMI was 22.7 (±4.49) and the mean C/D ratio was 0.22 (±0.14). No significant relationship between increasing vertical C/D ratio and BMI P-value 0.154 was found. Conclusion: This study, conducted as a pilot study to investigate the relationship between C/D ratio and BMI in a young female Saudi population, found no significant relationship between vertical C/D ratio and BMI. This relationship is important as it helps to rule out effect of BMI on C/D ratio parameters in this population.
{"title":"The relationship between vertical cup–disc ratio and body mass index in a population of adult Saudi females","authors":"Fahad al Wadani, K. Feroze, Reema Al Yahya","doi":"10.4103/NJO.NJO_6_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NJO.NJO_6_18","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The vertical cup–disc (C/D) ratio is useful clinically in optic-disc assessment in glaucoma suspects and diagnosing glaucomas and is thought to also be influenced by many ocular and systemic factors. The body mass index (BMI) is said to be an important parameter which influences vertical C/D ratio and different studies have shown different correlation between these two variables. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship of vertical C/D ratio with BMI in a population of Saudi adult females. Methods: One hundred and one female participants in the age group 18 to 40 years were included in a cross-sectional study after obtaining information regarding demographic data, ocular/systemic diseases, and surgeries by an oral interview. The BMI was calculated as ratio of body weight divided by the square of the body height. C/D ratio was recorded with direct ophthalmoscopic examination and examination with 90-D (Volk) lens. Analysis of variance was used to examine the BMI on vertical C/D ratio. A P-value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant with confidence interval of 95%. Results: The mean BMI was 22.7 (±4.49) and the mean C/D ratio was 0.22 (±0.14). No significant relationship between increasing vertical C/D ratio and BMI P-value 0.154 was found. Conclusion: This study, conducted as a pilot study to investigate the relationship between C/D ratio and BMI in a young female Saudi population, found no significant relationship between vertical C/D ratio and BMI. This relationship is important as it helps to rule out effect of BMI on C/D ratio parameters in this population.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130958585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Benzalkonium chloride, a commonly used preservative in many ophthalmic preparations, has been postulated as a cause of ocular surface toxicity, resulting in dry eye disease in patients on long-term treatment with topical medications. This study aims to determine the effect of benzalkonium chloride–preserved timolol maleate on dry eye disease in an African population. Materials and Methods: Information was retrieved from the data generated at a cross-sectional study on the prevalence of dry eye disease conducted in a randomly selected local government area, southwestern Nigeria, and analysis was conducted on participants with glaucoma and using benzalkonium chloride–preserved timolol maleate (cases), and age- and sex-matched controls. Results: One hundred and seventy-four participants were included in this study with a mean age of 65.05 ± 11.65 years. There was no significant association (P > 0.05) between the use of benzalkonium chloride–preserved timolol maleate and tear-film break-up time, Schirmer 1 test, fluorescein staining score, and overall diagnosis of dry eye disease in the patients. Conclusion: Benzalkonium chloride–preserved timolol maleate did not contribute significantly to dry eye disease in the studied population.
{"title":"Effect of benzalkonium chloride–preserved timolol maleate on dry eye disease in a black African population, southwestern Nigeria","authors":"O. Fasina, S. Olaniyan","doi":"10.4103/NJO.NJO_9_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NJO.NJO_9_18","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Benzalkonium chloride, a commonly used preservative in many ophthalmic preparations, has been postulated as a cause of ocular surface toxicity, resulting in dry eye disease in patients on long-term treatment with topical medications. This study aims to determine the effect of benzalkonium chloride–preserved timolol maleate on dry eye disease in an African population. Materials and Methods: Information was retrieved from the data generated at a cross-sectional study on the prevalence of dry eye disease conducted in a randomly selected local government area, southwestern Nigeria, and analysis was conducted on participants with glaucoma and using benzalkonium chloride–preserved timolol maleate (cases), and age- and sex-matched controls. Results: One hundred and seventy-four participants were included in this study with a mean age of 65.05 ± 11.65 years. There was no significant association (P > 0.05) between the use of benzalkonium chloride–preserved timolol maleate and tear-film break-up time, Schirmer 1 test, fluorescein staining score, and overall diagnosis of dry eye disease in the patients. Conclusion: Benzalkonium chloride–preserved timolol maleate did not contribute significantly to dry eye disease in the studied population.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116072975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Endogenous endophthalmitis is a very rare but potentially devastating intraocular inflammation resulting from haematogenous spread of pathogens to the eye. We present a case of a 26-year-old male adult who had a nail puncture injury to the sole of his right foot and developed swelling of the that foot and leg associated with severe pain and fever five days later. While being managed in a private clinic as a case of cellulitis of the right leg, he developed ocular pain, redness and diminution of vision in the right eye but was attended to five days later by the ophthalmologist who made a diagnosis of endogenous presumed bacterial endophthalmitis in an already blind right eye secondary to septicaemia. With 15 days of systemic antibiotics, the ocular and systemic findings resolved. The eye became pthisical on follow-up. Endogenous endophthalmitis is associated with poor visual prognosis and early intervention is the only sure way to improve visual outcome.
{"title":"Endogenous presumed bacterial endophthalmitis of the right eye following cellulitis of the right leg","authors":"G. Nathaniel, A. Adio","doi":"10.4103/NJO.NJO_14_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NJO.NJO_14_17","url":null,"abstract":"Endogenous endophthalmitis is a very rare but potentially devastating intraocular inflammation resulting from haematogenous spread of pathogens to the eye. We present a case of a 26-year-old male adult who had a nail puncture injury to the sole of his right foot and developed swelling of the that foot and leg associated with severe pain and fever five days later. While being managed in a private clinic as a case of cellulitis of the right leg, he developed ocular pain, redness and diminution of vision in the right eye but was attended to five days later by the ophthalmologist who made a diagnosis of endogenous presumed bacterial endophthalmitis in an already blind right eye secondary to septicaemia. With 15 days of systemic antibiotics, the ocular and systemic findings resolved. The eye became pthisical on follow-up. Endogenous endophthalmitis is associated with poor visual prognosis and early intervention is the only sure way to improve visual outcome.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"770 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124387395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. J. Ikuomenisan, K. Musa, O. Aribaba, A. Onakoya
Aim: To investigate the risk factors associated with amblyopia among primary school pupils in Kosofe town, Lagos State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, school-based study was conducted, in which a multistage random sampling technique was employed for recruiting the children. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires by the parents or caregivers and from detailed ocular examinations performed by the investigators. Data analysis was performed using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 20.0. Results: A total of 1702 children participated in the study, with over 90% of the children being aged 4–10 years. Most (78.5%) of the mothers were aged 20–39 years at childbirth, and the mean age was 30.5 ± 7.8 years. Amblyopia was detected in 24 (1.41%) children. Following multivariate logistic regression analysis, children whose mothers had no formal education at childbirth had an 11-fold greater risk of having amblyopia [odds ratios (OR) = 11.25, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) = 1.25–1.49], while those with birth weight <2500 g were 10 times more likely to have amblyopia at the time of examination (OR = 10.15, 95% CI = 0.70–0.90). In addition, children with a positive family history of crossed eyes had an eightfold greater risk of having amblyopia (OR = 8.14, 95% CI = 0.24–0.46). Conclusion: Mother’s educational qualification at childbirth, low birth weight, and a positive family history of crossed eye were found to be strongly associated with the development of amblyopia.
目的:调查尼日利亚拉各斯州科索夫镇小学生弱视的相关危险因素。材料与方法:本研究采用多阶段随机抽样方法，采用描述性、横断面、校本的研究方法招募儿童。数据由父母或照顾者自行填写问卷，并由调查人员进行详细的眼部检查。使用IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences软件版本20.0进行数据分析。结果:共有1702名儿童参与研究，其中90%以上的儿童年龄在4-10岁之间。产妇年龄以20 ~ 39岁居多(78.5%)，平均年龄30.5±7.8岁。弱视24例(1.41%)。多因素logistic回归分析显示，母亲在分娩时未接受过正规教育的儿童患弱视的风险增加了11倍[比值比(OR) = 11.25, 95%可信区间(95% CI) = 1.25-1.49]，而出生体重<2500 g的儿童在检查时患弱视的风险增加了10倍(OR = 10.15, 95% CI = 0.70-0.90)。此外，有交叉眼睛家族史的儿童患弱视的风险增加了8倍(OR = 8.14, 95% CI = 0.24-0.46)。结论:母亲在分娩时的受教育程度、低出生体重、有交叉眼家族史与弱视的发生密切相关。
{"title":"Risk factors associated with amblyopia among primary school pupils in Kosofe town, Lagos state, Nigeria","authors":"S. J. Ikuomenisan, K. Musa, O. Aribaba, A. Onakoya","doi":"10.4103/NJO.NJO_29_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NJO.NJO_29_17","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To investigate the risk factors associated with amblyopia among primary school pupils in Kosofe town, Lagos State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, school-based study was conducted, in which a multistage random sampling technique was employed for recruiting the children. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires by the parents or caregivers and from detailed ocular examinations performed by the investigators. Data analysis was performed using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 20.0. Results: A total of 1702 children participated in the study, with over 90% of the children being aged 4–10 years. Most (78.5%) of the mothers were aged 20–39 years at childbirth, and the mean age was 30.5 ± 7.8 years. Amblyopia was detected in 24 (1.41%) children. Following multivariate logistic regression analysis, children whose mothers had no formal education at childbirth had an 11-fold greater risk of having amblyopia [odds ratios (OR) = 11.25, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) = 1.25–1.49], while those with birth weight <2500 g were 10 times more likely to have amblyopia at the time of examination (OR = 10.15, 95% CI = 0.70–0.90). In addition, children with a positive family history of crossed eyes had an eightfold greater risk of having amblyopia (OR = 8.14, 95% CI = 0.24–0.46). Conclusion: Mother’s educational qualification at childbirth, low birth weight, and a positive family history of crossed eye were found to be strongly associated with the development of amblyopia.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117008609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Usman, L. Marchenka, TatsianaV Kachan, A. A. Dalidovich
Background: Macula involvement in early glaucoma changes of the retina is still inconclusive. The objective of the study was to compare the precision of parameters of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness and the macula in the diagnosis of early primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Purpose: To evaluate the pRNFL and perifoveal inner macula thicknesses in the early diagnosis of POAG using optical coherence tomography angiography (Angio-OCT). Materials and Methods: Fifty-five subjects were included in a prospective, cross-sectional study divided into three groups: early glaucoma (EG) group (46 eyes of 25 patients with early POAG), glaucoma suspects (GS) group (34 eyes of 20 subjects), and control group (20 eyes of 10 healthy subjects). The mean age of the respective groups was 65.47 ± 9.59, 56.53 ± 9.31, and 51.65 ± 4.16. All subjects underwent Angio-OCT scanning using RTVue-100 "Оptovue." The optic nerve head scan was used for the pRNFL and Retina Thickness Map 5 × 5 mm scan for perifoveal inner macula region. Parameters analyzed were total average, superior, inferior, temporal, and nasal thicknesses of both regions. Results: There was thinning in both pRNFL and perifoveal inner macula thicknesses in the EG group compared to the N group. Mann–Whitney intergroup analysis revealed statistically significant differences between the EG and the N groups in all parameters of the perifoveal inner macula thickness, while for the pRNFL thicknesses, there were differences only in total average, superior, and inferior thicknesses. The temporal and nasal perifoveal inner macula thicknesses were parameters with highest areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.907 and 0.900, respectively). Conclusion: In early detection of glaucomatous optic neuropathy in POAG, parameters of perifoveal inner macula thickness are diagnostically more significant compared to pRNFL thickness using the Angio-OCT.
{"title":"Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and perifoveal macula thickness: which one is more helpful in the early diagnosis of primary open angle glaucoma using optical coherence tomography angiography?","authors":"A. Usman, L. Marchenka, TatsianaV Kachan, A. A. Dalidovich","doi":"10.4103/NJO.NJO_34_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NJO.NJO_34_17","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Macula involvement in early glaucoma changes of the retina is still inconclusive. The objective of the study was to compare the precision of parameters of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness and the macula in the diagnosis of early primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Purpose: To evaluate the pRNFL and perifoveal inner macula thicknesses in the early diagnosis of POAG using optical coherence tomography angiography (Angio-OCT). Materials and Methods: Fifty-five subjects were included in a prospective, cross-sectional study divided into three groups: early glaucoma (EG) group (46 eyes of 25 patients with early POAG), glaucoma suspects (GS) group (34 eyes of 20 subjects), and control group (20 eyes of 10 healthy subjects). The mean age of the respective groups was 65.47 ± 9.59, 56.53 ± 9.31, and 51.65 ± 4.16. All subjects underwent Angio-OCT scanning using RTVue-100 \"Оptovue.\" The optic nerve head scan was used for the pRNFL and Retina Thickness Map 5 × 5 mm scan for perifoveal inner macula region. Parameters analyzed were total average, superior, inferior, temporal, and nasal thicknesses of both regions. Results: There was thinning in both pRNFL and perifoveal inner macula thicknesses in the EG group compared to the N group. Mann–Whitney intergroup analysis revealed statistically significant differences between the EG and the N groups in all parameters of the perifoveal inner macula thickness, while for the pRNFL thicknesses, there were differences only in total average, superior, and inferior thicknesses. The temporal and nasal perifoveal inner macula thicknesses were parameters with highest areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.907 and 0.900, respectively). Conclusion: In early detection of glaucomatous optic neuropathy in POAG, parameters of perifoveal inner macula thickness are diagnostically more significant compared to pRNFL thickness using the Angio-OCT.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"36 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126146182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To report the outcomes of pediatric cataract surgery over a 7-year period in a mission hospital in northern Nigeria. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively examined the notes of 230 consecutive children aged 16 years and younger, who underwent bilateral cataract surgery by a single surgeon. The patients’ demographic, preoperative, and postoperative clinical details were analyzed. Details regarding the eye with the better postop vision were used in the analysis. Results: A total of 230 patients were included, of which 148 (64.4%) were boys. Age at presentation ranged from 1 month to 16 years, with a mean of 4.89 years and standard deviation of 4.21 years. Median delay for presentation was 12 months, with an interquartile range of 4–36 months. Visual acuity at presentation in the selected operative eye was normal in 2 (0.91%) patients and blind in 179 (81.4%) patients. Best-corrected postop vision was normal in 63 (31.5%) patients, visually impaired in 62 (31.0%) patients, severely visually impaired in 23 (11.5%) patients, blind in 52 (26.0%) patients, and not recorded in 30 (13.0%) patients. A total of 114 (49.8%) patients were prescribed glasses. Median follow-up was 1 month (interquartile range 0.5–3 months). Conclusion: Although a majority of the children were blind in the operative eye prior to surgery, over a quarter achieved normal vision after surgery. Factors that may improve outcomes in this setting include prescribing glasses to all and facilitating increased follow-up.
{"title":"Pediatric cataract surgery outcomes in Kano, Nigeria","authors":"S. Abuh, R. Brennan, N. Congdon, Ling Jin","doi":"10.4103/NJO.NJO_36_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NJO.NJO_36_17","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To report the outcomes of pediatric cataract surgery over a 7-year period in a mission hospital in northern Nigeria. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively examined the notes of 230 consecutive children aged 16 years and younger, who underwent bilateral cataract surgery by a single surgeon. The patients’ demographic, preoperative, and postoperative clinical details were analyzed. Details regarding the eye with the better postop vision were used in the analysis. Results: A total of 230 patients were included, of which 148 (64.4%) were boys. Age at presentation ranged from 1 month to 16 years, with a mean of 4.89 years and standard deviation of 4.21 years. Median delay for presentation was 12 months, with an interquartile range of 4–36 months. Visual acuity at presentation in the selected operative eye was normal in 2 (0.91%) patients and blind in 179 (81.4%) patients. Best-corrected postop vision was normal in 63 (31.5%) patients, visually impaired in 62 (31.0%) patients, severely visually impaired in 23 (11.5%) patients, blind in 52 (26.0%) patients, and not recorded in 30 (13.0%) patients. A total of 114 (49.8%) patients were prescribed glasses. Median follow-up was 1 month (interquartile range 0.5–3 months). Conclusion: Although a majority of the children were blind in the operative eye prior to surgery, over a quarter achieved normal vision after surgery. Factors that may improve outcomes in this setting include prescribing glasses to all and facilitating increased follow-up.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123580936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To describe the pattern of ocular abnormalities among students attending schools for the hearing impaired in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from February to March 2016 among hearing-impaired students who were older than 10 years. Students were selected from four schools using systematic random sampling. The students’ sociodemographic characteristics, visual complaints, ocular, and family history were recorded using an interviewer-administered semistructured questionnaire. Ocular examination and refraction was conducted on each student. Data were analyzed using IBM-SPSS Statistics for Windows 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) with the test of association performed using the chi-square test and level of statistical significance set at P-value <0.05. Results: A total of 335 students participated in the study. Mean age was 17 ± 2.9 years (range 11–39 years). The prevalence of ocular abnormalities among the participants was 56.1%. These included allergic conjunctivitis 8 (2.4%), retinitis pigmentosa 3 (0.9%), phthisis bulbi 3 (0.9%), cataract 2 (0.6%), and Wardenburg syndrome 2 (0.6%). Seventy-five (22.4%) respondents were with coexisting ocular abnormalities. Conclusion: The prevalence of ocular abnormalities was found to be high among the hearing impaired, with refractive error being the most common. It is necessary for the eye care providers and other stakeholders to provide eye health education as well as affordable and accessible eye care services for hearing-impaired students so as to improve their overall quality of life.
目的:描述尼日利亚奥约州伊巴丹市听障学校学生的眼部异常模式。材料与方法:这是一项描述性横断面研究，于2016年2月至3月在10岁以上的听力受损学生中进行。采用系统随机抽样的方法从四所学校中抽取学生。使用访谈者管理的半结构化问卷记录学生的社会人口学特征、视力疾患、眼部病史和家族史。对每位学生进行眼科检查和屈光检查。数据采用IBM- spss Statistics for Windows 22 (IBM Corp.， Armonk, NY, USA)进行分析，相关性检验采用卡方检验，p值<0.05为统计学显著性水平。结果:共有335名学生参与研究。平均年龄17±2.9岁(11 ~ 39岁)。受试者眼部异常发生率为56.1%。其中包括过敏性结膜炎8例(2.4%)，视网膜色素变性3例(0.9%)，球性肺结核3例(0.9%)，白内障2例(0.6%)和Wardenburg综合征2例(0.6%)。75例(22.4%)患者同时存在眼部异常。结论:听力受损人群眼部异常发生率较高，以屈光不正最为常见。眼科保健提供者和其他利益相关者有必要为听障学生提供眼健康教育，以及可负担和可获得的眼保健服务，以提高他们的整体生活质量。
{"title":"Pattern of ocular abnormalities among students attending schools for the hearing impaired in Ibadan, South-West Nigeria","authors":"O. Majekodunmi, B. Olusanya, T. Oluleye","doi":"10.4103/NJO.NJO_38_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NJO.NJO_38_17","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To describe the pattern of ocular abnormalities among students attending schools for the hearing impaired in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from February to March 2016 among hearing-impaired students who were older than 10 years. Students were selected from four schools using systematic random sampling. The students’ sociodemographic characteristics, visual complaints, ocular, and family history were recorded using an interviewer-administered semistructured questionnaire. Ocular examination and refraction was conducted on each student. Data were analyzed using IBM-SPSS Statistics for Windows 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) with the test of association performed using the chi-square test and level of statistical significance set at P-value <0.05. Results: A total of 335 students participated in the study. Mean age was 17 ± 2.9 years (range 11–39 years). The prevalence of ocular abnormalities among the participants was 56.1%. These included allergic conjunctivitis 8 (2.4%), retinitis pigmentosa 3 (0.9%), phthisis bulbi 3 (0.9%), cataract 2 (0.6%), and Wardenburg syndrome 2 (0.6%). Seventy-five (22.4%) respondents were with coexisting ocular abnormalities. Conclusion: The prevalence of ocular abnormalities was found to be high among the hearing impaired, with refractive error being the most common. It is necessary for the eye care providers and other stakeholders to provide eye health education as well as affordable and accessible eye care services for hearing-impaired students so as to improve their overall quality of life.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125724757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Procedures for surgical removal of the eye, previously termed destructive eye surgeries, include evisceration, enucleation, and orbital exenteration. The surgical removal of an eye is a difficult but occasionally inevitable decision that ophthalmologists sometimes undertake, as these procedures result in a permanent loss of vision and disfigurement. Eye removal procedures are commonly performed in Nigeria as evidenced by the number of publications from different centers in the country. The aim of this review is to evaluate the indications for these procedures, and identify any variation over time. This is aimed at providing information to the general ophthalmologists when faced with the difficult decision on surgical removal of an eye. A review of all published reports from different parts of the country on the subject was made, and the most common indication for these procedures was retinoblastoma in children, and ocular trauma in adults. Currently, evisceration procedures are more commonly performed when compared with enucleation or exenteration in many centers in Nigeria.
{"title":"Eye removal procedures in Nigeria: A review article","authors":"J. Ubah, O. Fasina, O. Otuka, O. Oworu","doi":"10.4103/NJO.NJO_27_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NJO.NJO_27_17","url":null,"abstract":"Procedures for surgical removal of the eye, previously termed destructive eye surgeries, include evisceration, enucleation, and orbital exenteration. The surgical removal of an eye is a difficult but occasionally inevitable decision that ophthalmologists sometimes undertake, as these procedures result in a permanent loss of vision and disfigurement. Eye removal procedures are commonly performed in Nigeria as evidenced by the number of publications from different centers in the country. The aim of this review is to evaluate the indications for these procedures, and identify any variation over time. This is aimed at providing information to the general ophthalmologists when faced with the difficult decision on surgical removal of an eye. A review of all published reports from different parts of the country on the subject was made, and the most common indication for these procedures was retinoblastoma in children, and ocular trauma in adults. Currently, evisceration procedures are more commonly performed when compared with enucleation or exenteration in many centers in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126469922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To determine the causes of visual loss among students in special education centers for the blind in Abia and Ebonyi States, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The study was a descriptive, cross-sectional study of students in two schools selected by random sampling of the schools for the blind in South East Nigeria. The students were interviewed and had a general examination. Ocular examination included visual acuity assessment, anterior and posterior segment examination, intraocular pressure measurement, and refraction. Responses and examination findings were recorded on the World Health Organization’s Programme for the Prevention of Blindness eye examination record for children with blindness and low vision. Results: Ninety-two students were studied. The most common etiological causes of visual loss were cataract and hereditary diseases (23.9% each) followed by glaucoma (18.5%). Other causes were abnormalities since birth of unknown etiology (9.7%); childhood factors such as measles (2.2%) and cortical blindness/idiopathic nystagmus/primary optic atrophy (7.6%); trauma (7.6%); cerebral hypoxia (2.2%); harmful traditional practices (2.2%) and intrauterine factors such as drugs and alcohol (1.1%). Avoidable causes of blindness were seen in 64.2%. Conclusion: Cataract and hereditary diseases are the main reason for enrolment into blind schools in the region. To reduce the burden of childhood blindness, there is a need for interventions targeting improved antenatal care, discouraging harmful traditional practices, training of community level health workers for eye care/case detection, low vision and pediatric ophthalmic care.
{"title":"Causes of visual loss in students attending schools for the blind in South Eastern Nigeria","authors":"EnoA Chude, S. Nwosu, O. Edema, C. N. Umezurike","doi":"10.4103/NJO.NJO_24_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NJO.NJO_24_17","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the causes of visual loss among students in special education centers for the blind in Abia and Ebonyi States, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The study was a descriptive, cross-sectional study of students in two schools selected by random sampling of the schools for the blind in South East Nigeria. The students were interviewed and had a general examination. Ocular examination included visual acuity assessment, anterior and posterior segment examination, intraocular pressure measurement, and refraction. Responses and examination findings were recorded on the World Health Organization’s Programme for the Prevention of Blindness eye examination record for children with blindness and low vision. Results: Ninety-two students were studied. The most common etiological causes of visual loss were cataract and hereditary diseases (23.9% each) followed by glaucoma (18.5%). Other causes were abnormalities since birth of unknown etiology (9.7%); childhood factors such as measles (2.2%) and cortical blindness/idiopathic nystagmus/primary optic atrophy (7.6%); trauma (7.6%); cerebral hypoxia (2.2%); harmful traditional practices (2.2%) and intrauterine factors such as drugs and alcohol (1.1%). Avoidable causes of blindness were seen in 64.2%. Conclusion: Cataract and hereditary diseases are the main reason for enrolment into blind schools in the region. To reduce the burden of childhood blindness, there is a need for interventions targeting improved antenatal care, discouraging harmful traditional practices, training of community level health workers for eye care/case detection, low vision and pediatric ophthalmic care.","PeriodicalId":376849,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128861126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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