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End-effector Cartesian stiffness shaping - sequential least squares programming approach 末端执行器笛卡儿刚度成形-序贯最小二乘规划方法
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/SJEE2101001K
Nikola Knezevic, Branko Lukić, K. Jovanovic, L. Žlajpah, T. Petrič
Control of robot end-effector (EE) Cartesian stiffness matrix (or the whole mechanical impedance) is still a challenging open issue in physical humanrobot interaction (pHRI). This paper presents an optimization approach for shaping the robot EE Cartesian stiffness. This research targets collaborative robots with intrinsic compliance - serial elastic actuators (SEAs). Although robots with SEAs have constant joint stiffness, task redundancy (null-space) for a specific task could be used for robot reconfiguration and shaping the stiffness matrix while still keeping the EE position unchanged. The method proposed in this paper to investigate null-space reconfiguration's influence on Cartesian robot stiffness is based on the Sequential Least Squares Programming (SLSQP) algorithm, which presents an expansion of the quadratic programming algorithm for nonlinear functions with constraints. The method is tested in simulations for 4 DOF planar robot. Results are presented for control of the EE Cartesian stiffness initially along one axis, and then control of stiffness along both planar axis - shaping the main diagonal of the EE stiffness matrix.
机器人末端执行器(EE)笛卡尔刚度矩阵(或整个机械阻抗)的控制仍然是人机物理交互(pHRI)中一个具有挑战性的开放性问题。本文提出了一种优化成形机器人EE直角刚度的方法。本文以具有内在顺应性的协作机器人为研究对象——串联弹性致动器(SEAs)。尽管SEAs机器人具有恒定的关节刚度,但在保持EE位置不变的情况下,可以使用特定任务的任务冗余(零空间)进行机器人重构和刚度矩阵的塑造。本文提出了一种基于序列最小二乘规划(SLSQP)算法的零空间重构对直角机器人刚度影响的研究方法,该方法是对带约束非线性函数的二次规划算法的扩展。对该方法进行了四自由度平面机器人的仿真验证。结果表明,首先沿一个轴控制电机的笛卡尔刚度,然后沿两个平面轴控制电机的刚度——形成电机刚度矩阵的主对角线。
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引用次数: 3
Energy benchmarking in educational buildings in the city of Kragujevac - possibilities for energy efficiency improvement 克拉古耶瓦茨市教育建筑的能源基准——提高能源效率的可能性
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/SJEE2101095R
A. Radojević, D. Nikolić, J. Radulović, J. Skerlic
The implementation of energy efficiency measures and use of renewable energy sources in educational buildings can significantly contribute to reducing energy consumption, but also to CO2 emissions in the entire public sector. The paper shows the comparison of energy consumption indicators for 61 elementary school buildings which have previously been divided in 12 groups, according to the period of construction and size, based on the national typology called TABULA, as the first step of further study on how to use the renewable energy sources. The aim of this paper is to use the energy benchmarking process to select representative facilities which are suitable for applying renewable energy sources, for their further energy efficiency improvement. Indicators of annual specific electricity consumption and CO2 emissions per unit area [kWh/m2] and per user [kWh/user] were calculated. After that, from two groups (in which the highest electricity consumption and CO2 emissions are 68.37% and 74.53% of the total consumption/ emissions), one representative facility was selected.
在教育建筑中实施能源效率措施和使用可再生能源可以大大有助于减少能源消耗,但也可以减少整个公共部门的二氧化碳排放。本文对61所小学建筑的能耗指标进行了比较,这些建筑在国家TABULA类型的基础上,按照建造时期和规模划分为12组,作为进一步研究如何利用可再生能源的第一步。本文的目的是利用能源基准过程来选择适合应用可再生能源的代表性设施,以进一步提高能源效率。计算单位面积年比用电量[kWh/m2]、单位用户年比用电量[kWh/用户]、单位用户年比用电量[kWh/用户]等指标。然后,从两组(最高的用电量和二氧化碳排放量分别占总用电量/排放量的68.37%和74.53%)中选出一个具有代表性的设施。
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引用次数: 0
Application of metaheuristic optimization algorithms for image registration in mobile robot visual control 元启发式优化算法在移动机器人视觉控制中的应用
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/sjee2102155d
Lazar Djokic, Aleksandar Jokic, Milica Petrović, Nikola Slavković, Z. Miljković
Visual Servoing (VS) of a mobile robot requires advanced digital image processing, and one of the techniques especially fitting for this complex task is Image Registration (IR). In general, IR involves the geometrical alignment of images, and it can be viewed as an optimization problem. Therefore, we propose Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms (MOA) for IR in VS of a mobile robot. The comprehensive comparison study of three state-of-the-art MOA, namely the Slime Mould Algorithm (SMA), Harris Hawks Optimizer (HHO), and Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) is presented. The previously mentioned MOA used for IR are evaluated on 12 pairs of stereo images obtained by a mobile robot stereo vision system in a laboratory model of a manufacturing environment. The MATLsoftware package is used for the implementation of the considered optimization algorithms. Acquired experimental results show that SMA outperforms HHO and WOA, while all three algorithms perform satisfactory alignment of images captured from various mobile robot poses.
移动机器人的视觉伺服(VS)需要先进的数字图像处理技术,而图像配准(IR)是一种特别适合于这一复杂任务的技术。一般来说,红外涉及图像的几何对齐,它可以被视为一个优化问题。因此,我们提出了一种用于移动机器人VS中的IR的元启发式优化算法(MOA)。对黏菌算法(SMA)、Harris Hawks Optimizer (HHO)和Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA)这三种最先进的MOA进行了综合比较研究。在制造环境的实验室模型中,对移动机器人立体视觉系统获得的12对立体图像进行了评估。matlab软件包用于实现所考虑的优化算法。实验结果表明,SMA算法优于HHO算法和WOA算法,三种算法均能对不同姿态的移动机器人图像进行令人满意的对齐。
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引用次数: 0
An enhanced exponential reaching law based sliding mode control strategy for a three phase ups system 基于增强指数趋近律的三相ups系统滑模控制策略
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-10-31 DOI: 10.2298/sjee2003313n
Venkatesh Nayak, Shylendra Kumar
UPS is used to deliver a high quality sinusoidal waveform to consumers without any interruptions. This work proposes an Enhanced Exponential Reaching Law (EERL) based Sliding Mode Control (SMC) for a three- phase UPS 30 kVA system used in industrial Applications. The work presents the application of proposed controller on the rectifier side as well as on the inverter side feeding a linear and/or a nonlinear load. Mathematical models of the three phase rectifier (AC/DC) and three phase inverter (DC/AC) are derived. Frequency response characteristics are plotted to observe the system stability using state feedback approach. A DC/DC buck/boost converter is utilised for charging and discharging of battery which acts as a secondary power source for the UPS to feed critical loads. It also maintains power balance. The design of SMC, HOSMC and EERL-SMC are presented. The EERL based SMC is used in this work to obtain a pure sinusoidal waveform with less settling time compared to a conventional SMC. It is robust against sudden changes in load and is more efficient compared to SMC and higher order sliding mode controller (HOSMC). Using EERL, chattering phenomenon can be very much reduced with less steady state error. Chattering is observed through phase plane plots in this paper. The system is presented with both linear and nonlinear loads. A comparison is brought with respect to a classical SMC and a higher order SMC (super twisting algorithm) for a UPS system. EERL-SMC performs better in terms of pure sinusoidal waveform, good tracking, less settling time (4ms) and less steady state error (1.74%) with low THD (0.12%). It can be an alternative to a HOSMC. Simulation studies are presented in PSCAD/EMTDC version 4.6. The system stability conditions are analysed from frequency response plots obtained through MATLR2012b platform.
UPS用于向消费者提供高质量的正弦波形,而不会有任何中断。本文提出了一种基于增强指数逼近律(EERL)的滑模控制(SMC),用于工业应用中的三相UPS 30kva系统。该工作介绍了所提出的控制器在整流器侧以及在逆变器侧馈送线性和/或非线性负载的应用。推导了三相整流器(AC/DC)和三相逆变器(DC/AC)的数学模型。利用状态反馈的方法绘制频率响应特性,观察系统的稳定性。DC/DC降压/升压变换器用于电池的充电和放电,电池作为UPS的二次电源,为关键负载供电。它还能维持权力平衡。介绍了SMC、HOSMC和EERL-SMC的设计。与传统SMC相比,基于EERL的SMC在更短的稳定时间内获得了纯正弦波形。与SMC和高阶滑模控制器(HOSMC)相比,它对负载的突然变化具有鲁棒性,并且效率更高。使用EERL可以大大减少抖振现象,同时减小稳态误差。本文通过相平面图观察了系统的抖振。该系统同时具有线性和非线性载荷。对UPS系统的经典SMC和高阶SMC(超扭转算法)进行了比较。EERL-SMC在纯正弦波形方面表现更好,跟踪性能好,稳定时间短(4ms),稳态误差小(1.74%),THD低(0.12%)。它可以替代HOSMC。仿真研究在PSCAD/EMTDC 4.6版中给出。利用MATLR2012b平台获得的频率响应图分析了系统的稳定性条件。
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引用次数: 1
Analysis of the impact of network architecture on signal quality in LTE technology LTE技术中网络架构对信号质量的影响分析
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/SJEE2001095S
I. Stojanovic, M. Koprivica, Nenad Stojanović, A. Neskovic
In this paper, the impact of the network architecture on signal quality in the fourth generation of the public mobile network is analyzed. The analysis was performed using RSRP (Reference Signal Received Power), RSRQ (Reference Signal Received Quality), SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio) and throughput parameters in indoor environment. The signal quality parameters were collected by measurement using TEMS Investigation and TEMS Pocket software. The measurements were carried out at the School of Electrical Engineering on the ground floor of the Technical Faculty building for the macro and micro cell scenario. It has been found that better signal quality is ensured in micro cells. Quality of the signal is also considered by the various services provided to the users.
本文分析了第四代公共移动网络中网络结构对信号质量的影响。采用参考信号接收功率(RSRP)、参考信号接收质量(RSRQ)、信噪比(SINR)、吞吐量等室内环境参数进行分析。采用TEMS Investigation软件和TEMS Pocket软件采集信号质量参数。测量是在电气工程学院的技术学院大楼的一楼进行的,用于宏观和微细胞场景。研究发现,在微蜂窝中可以保证较好的信号质量。向用户提供的各种服务也考虑到信号的质量。
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引用次数: 1
Green’s function for the semi-infinite strip in terms of an improper integral 用反常积分表示的半无限条的格林函数
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/sjee2002235f
D. Filipovic, Tatijana Dlabač
Abstract: In this paper Green’s function for the semi-infinite strip (which is the two-dimensional Green’s function for a groove of infinite depth and length) is determined in the form of an improper integral, as opposed to the standard summation form. The integral itself, although rather complex, is found in a closed form. By using the derived Green’s function simple formulas are obtained for a single and two-wire line configurations inside the groove.
摘要:本文用反常积分的形式确定了半无限条的格林函数(即无限深度和长度的二维格林函数),而不是用标准的求和形式。这个积分本身,虽然相当复杂,却是一个封闭的形式。利用导出的格林函数,得到了槽内单线和双线结构的简单公式。
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引用次数: 0
Adaptive Symlet filter based on ECG baseline wander removal 基于心电基线漂移去除的自适应Symlet滤波
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/sjee2002187n
A. Nahar
In this paper, proposed a new approach of combining the hybrid soft computing technique called Adaptive Symlet Wavelet Transform (ASWT) filter. The baseline wanders (BW) noise removal from an ECG signals to minimize distortion of the S-T segment of the ECG signal specially that have high sampling frequencies. Therefore, when using Symlet Wavelet Transform (SWT) to analysis the ECG signal can cause problems to analysis, exclusively when examining the content of the ECG signal at low-frequency such as S-T segment. The corresponding frequency components of the approximation coefficients at level number seven are (0-3.9) Hz. Since the BW frequency is below 0.5 Hz and ST segment frequency between (0.67-4) Hz. The adaptive filter with a unity reference signal used to remove the BW noise below 0.5 Hz from the lowest level of the approximation coefficient of the decomposed ECG signal. The denoising output from adaptive filter and the output from SWT (the other detail coefficients) will use as an input to ISWT for reconstruction ECG signals with the remove BW signal. This method represents a very effective filter for BW noise removal, as it does not need for any computation process of reference point.
本文提出了一种结合混合软计算技术的自适应小波变换滤波方法。从心电信号中去除基线漂移(BW)噪声,以尽量减少心电信号S-T段的失真,特别是在高采样频率的情况下。因此,在使用Symlet小波变换(SWT)对心电信号进行分析时,只对S-T段等低频心电信号的内容进行检测,会给分析带来问题。7级近似系数对应的频率分量为(0-3.9)Hz。由于BW频率在0.5 Hz以下,ST段频率在(0.67-4)Hz之间。采用统一参考信号的自适应滤波器,从分解后的心电信号的近似系数最低处去除0.5 Hz以下的BW噪声。自适应滤波器的去噪输出和SWT(其他细节系数)的输出将用作ISWT的输入,用于用去除BW信号重建心电信号。该方法不需要任何参考点的计算过程,是一种非常有效的去噪滤波方法。
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引用次数: 2
Analyses of the surface parameters in polycrystalline diamonds 多晶金刚石表面参数分析
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/sjee2001111v
S. Veljković, V. Mitić, V. Paunovic, G. Lazovic, M. Mohr, H. Fecht
There is a progressing interests for polycrystalline diamonds and they have been more extensively used recently. This area has been intensively researched due to the outstanding potential of this material, and this necessitated presenting some of the latest application related to engineering in this paper. A better insight of polycrystalline diamonds properties can be achieved by intensively researching the surface structure. Samples of nanocrystalline diamonds grown by the chemical vapor deposition method are analyzed and accordingly, the focus of the research was the surface parameters and their structure. It is observed that waviness and texture are unique for any direction, their values are almost the same for the chosen directions and they vary approximately from -0.2 nm to 0.4 nm. Analyses of the parameters allowed a more detailed insight into the morphology of the surfaces of polycrystalline films.
近年来,人们对多晶金刚石的兴趣日益浓厚,并得到了更广泛的应用。由于这种材料的突出潜力,这一领域已经得到了深入的研究,因此有必要在本文中介绍一些与工程相关的最新应用。深入研究多晶金刚石的表面结构,可以更好地了解多晶金刚石的性质。对化学气相沉积法生长的纳米晶金刚石样品进行了分析,重点研究了其表面参数及其结构。观察到波纹度和纹理在任何方向上都是唯一的,它们的值在所选方向上几乎相同,它们的变化范围约为-0.2 nm至0.4 nm。对这些参数的分析可以更详细地了解多晶薄膜表面的形态。
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引用次数: 0
Novel reversible CLA, optimized RCA and parallel adder/subtractor circuits 新型可逆CLA,优化的RCA和并行加/减电路
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/sjee2003259g
Mohammad Gharajeh Samadi, M. Haghparast
This paper proposes reversible circuit designs of the three most commonly used adders: carry look-ahead adder (CLA adder), ripple carry adder (RCA adder), and parallel adder/subtractor. The n-bit reversible CLA adder, called CLA-GH, is designed using the Peres and Fredkin gates. The n-bit optimized reversible RCA adder, called ORCA-GH, is designed using the reversible circuit of a parity-preserving reversible full adder. Both circuits reduce the quantum cost. However, the ORCA-GH circuit also improves the number of constant inputs. Furthermore, the n-bit reversible parallel adder/subtractor, called PAS-GH, is designed using the Feynman, Peres, and Fredkin gates. It decreases the number of garbage outputs and quantum cost. The transistor realizations of the CLA-GH and PAS-GH circuits are provided accordingly. The evaluation results indicate that the proposed circuits surpass the existing works in all figures of merit.
本文提出了三种最常用的加法器的可逆电路设计:进位前置加法器(CLA加法器)、纹波进位加法器(RCA加法器)和并行加/减法器。n位可逆CLA加法器,称为CLA- gh,是使用Peres和Fredkin门设计的。n位优化可逆RCA加法器ORCA-GH是利用保持奇偶可逆全加法器的可逆电路设计的。两种电路都降低了量子成本。然而,ORCA-GH电路也提高了常数输入的数量。此外,n位可逆并行加/减法器,称为PAS-GH,使用费曼、佩雷斯和弗雷德金门设计。它减少了垃圾输出的数量和量子成本。相应给出了CLA-GH和PAS-GH电路的晶体管实现。评价结果表明,所设计的电路在各方面均优于现有电路。
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引用次数: 0
A modified ABC algorithm for solving optimal power flow problem 求解最优潮流问题的改进ABC算法
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/sjee2002199h
H. Hardiansyah
This paper presents a modified artificial bee colony (MABC) algorithm for solving the optimal power flow (OPF) problem in power system. Artificial bee colony algorithm is a recent population-based optimization method which has been successfully used in many complex problems. A new mutation strategy inspired from the differential evolution (DE) is introduced in order to improve the exploitation process. The new algorithm is implemented to the OPF problem so as to minimize the total generation cost when considering the equality and inequality constraints. In order to validate of the proposed algorithm, it is applied to the standard IEEE 30-bus test system. The results show that the proposed technique provides better solutions than other heuristic techniques reported in literature.
提出了一种求解电力系统最优潮流问题的改进人工蜂群算法(MABC)。人工蜂群算法是近年来兴起的一种基于群体的优化方法,已成功地应用于许多复杂问题的求解。提出了一种受差分进化(DE)启发的新的突变策略,以改进其开发过程。将新算法应用于OPF问题,在考虑相等约束和不相等约束的情况下,使总发电成本最小。为了验证该算法的有效性,将其应用于标准的IEEE 30总线测试系统。结果表明,所提出的技术比文献中报道的其他启发式技术提供了更好的解决方案。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering
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