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Islamic theism as a response to White Supremacy: The case of Shaikh Amadu Bamba Mbacké 伊斯兰有神论作为对白人至上主义的回应:谢赫·阿马杜·班巴·姆巴克伊尔的案例
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-11-03 DOI: 10.4314/ft.v10i2.5
Douglas H. Thomas
This article examines Shaikh Amadu Bamba Mbacké and his theology as a cogent response to White Supremacy as expressed in French Colonization of Africa. White Supremacy has as its primary goal, the recreation of the whole world in the image of Whiteness upon the premise that the possession of White skin makes one inherently superior. Theism counters this ontological assault with an unabashed turn to a believer's God. Shaikh Amadu Bamba Mbacké's insistence on Islam counters White Supremacy thereby providing an ideological and metaphysical space for the non-whites of Senegal to exist without succumbing to the temptation to aspire to a Euro-centric ideal.
本文考察了谢赫·阿马杜·班巴·姆巴切尔及其神学对法国殖民非洲所表现出的白人至上主义的有力回应。白人至上主义的主要目标是,在拥有白皮肤的人天生优越的前提下,以白人的形象再造整个世界。有神论以毫不掩饰地转向信徒的上帝来反击这种本体论的攻击。Shaikh Amadu Bamba mback对伊斯兰教的坚持反对白人至上主义,从而为塞内加尔的非白人提供了一个意识形态和形而上学的空间,使他们能够在不屈服于渴望欧洲中心理想的诱惑的情况下生存。
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引用次数: 0
Patterns of traditional religious and cultural practices of the Idoma People of Nigeria 尼日利亚伊多马人的传统宗教和文化习俗模式
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-11-03 DOI: 10.4314/ft.v10i2.11
E. Anizoba, E. M. Johnson
The research focuses on the patterns of traditional religious and cultural practices of the Idoma People of Nigeria. The study also seeks to investigate the cultural beliefs and practices of the Idoma traditional society which were affected by the advent of Christianity in the area. Some of the cultural beliefs and practices of the Idoma people before the advent of Christianity will be examined, as well as the people response to the new faith and the propelling factors behind the responses of the people. The study adopted qualitative phenomenological research design and descriptive method of data analysis. Personal interview forms a primary source of data collection while the secondary source includes library sources. The study reveals that the advent of Christianity in the Idoma traditional society had some impact and consequences on their traditional and cultural practices. Some of the Idoma beliefs and practices affected include ancestor veneration, polygamous marriage, burial rites, widowhood practices, naming ceremony among others which are no longer practiced the way it used to be practiced before the advent of Christianity. The study recommends among other things that, there should be a synergy between Idoma traditional beliefs and practices and Christianity for peaceful co-existence, progress and developments in the area.
研究重点是尼日利亚Idoma人的传统宗教和文化习俗模式。该研究还试图调查受该地区基督教出现影响的Idoma传统社会的文化信仰和习俗。一些文化信仰和习俗的Idoma人的到来之前,基督教将被审查,以及人们对新信仰的反应和背后的推动因素的人的反应。本研究采用定性现象学研究设计和描述性数据分析方法。个人访谈是数据收集的主要来源,而辅助来源包括图书馆资料。研究表明,基督教在伊多玛传统社会的出现对其传统文化习俗产生了一定的影响和后果。一些受影响的Idoma信仰和习俗包括祖先崇拜、一夫多妻婚姻、丧葬仪式、守寡习俗、命名仪式等,这些都不再像基督教出现之前那样被实践。该研究建议,除其他事项外,应该在Idoma传统信仰和习俗与基督教之间建立协同作用,以促进该地区的和平共处、进步和发展。
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引用次数: 1
An African response to the philosophical crises in medicine: Towards an African philosophy of medicine and bioethics 非洲对医学哲学危机的回应:走向非洲医学哲学和生命伦理学
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-11-02 DOI: 10.4314/ft.v10i2.1
Chrysogonus M. Okwenna
In this paper, I identify two major philosophical crises confronting medicine as a global phenomenon. The first crisis is the epistemological crisis of adopting an epistemic attitude, adequate for improving medical knowledge and practice. The second is the ethical crisis, also known as the “quality-of-care crisis,” arising from the traditional patient-physician dyad. I acknowledge the different proposals put forward in the quest for solutions to these crises. However, I observe that most of these proposals remain inadequate given their over-reliance on the Western biomedical tradition (WBT) and the medical hegemony that underpins the proposals themselves. Contrary to the approach employed in these proposals, I propose medical pluralism as a viable platform for resolving the philosophic crises in medicine, by critically engaging non-Western medical traditions (NMTs) and thought systems. Ultimately, I make a push for the deliberate inauguration of an African philosophy of medicine and bioethics (APMB) and other context-specific or indigenous philosophies of medicine and bioethics that will ensure continuous investigations into NMTs and their contribution to global medical issues.
在本文中,我确定了医学作为一种全球现象所面临的两大哲学危机。第一个危机是认识论的危机采取的认识态度,足以提高医学知识和实践。第二个是伦理危机,也被称为“医疗质量危机”,源于传统的医患二元关系。我承认在寻求解决这些危机的办法时提出了不同的建议。然而,我观察到这些建议中的大多数仍然不充分,因为它们过度依赖西方生物医学传统(WBT)和支撑这些建议本身的医学霸权。与这些建议中采用的方法相反,我建议医学多元化作为解决医学哲学危机的可行平台,通过批判性地参与非西方医学传统(NMTs)和思想体系。最后,我将推动非洲医学和生物伦理学哲学(APMB)和其他特定环境或土著医学和生物伦理学哲学的刻意启动,以确保对nmt及其对全球医学问题的贡献进行持续调查。
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引用次数: 2
Towards a more inclusive idea of world government 走向一个更包容的世界政府
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-11-02 DOI: 10.4314/ft.v10i2.3
Dennis Masaka
In this paper, I consider how a world government constructed from the perspectives of both the global North and the global South could be a more promising one as it seeks to challenge the idea of world government constructed principally from the perspective of one geopolitical centre. I will call this position the ‘inclusive world government paradigm’. Specifically, after giving a brief presentation of some reasons behind the construction of a world government, I proceed to consider Luis Cabrera’s (2004) idea of world government that essentially denotes assisting the global impoverished to improve their lives through progressive, democratically accountable integration between states. Thereafter, I offer some responses to Cabrera’s idea of world government. Finally, I suggest how the idea of world government could be understood differently if both the global North and the global South could be its co-creators and influence its agenda. I reckon that this could only be possible if the asymmetrical power relations in the present world are reversed and replaced by a more just and a more respectful relationship between these geopolitical centres.
在本文中,我考虑了一个从全球北方和全球南方的角度构建的世界政府是如何更有希望的,因为它试图挑战主要从一个地缘政治中心的角度构建的世界政府的想法。我将这一立场称为“包容性世界政府范式”。具体来说,在简要介绍了世界政府建设背后的一些原因之后,我将继续考虑路易斯·卡布雷拉(2004)的世界政府理念,即通过国家之间进步的、民主负责的整合来帮助全球贫困人口改善他们的生活。在此之后,我将对卡布雷拉的世界政府观点提出一些回应。最后,我提出,如果全球北方和全球南方都能成为世界政府的共同创造者并影响其议程,那么世界政府的概念将如何得到不同的理解。我认为,只有扭转当前世界上不对称的权力关系,代之以这些地缘政治中心之间更公正、更尊重的关系,这才有可能实现。
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引用次数: 0
Festivals and rites as mediums of moral education: A case study of Mobaland in Ekiti State, Nigeria 节日和仪式作为道德教育的媒介:以尼日利亚埃基蒂州莫巴兰为例
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-11-02 DOI: 10.4314/ft.v10i2.2
I. Abolarin
This study explored how the people of Moba in Ekiti State, Nigeria, use three of their traditional festivals and rites—odun ijesu, itugbe and oku-omo-ile—for moral education. Qualitative method of research was used with unstructured interview guide utilized for data collection. Purposive sampling technique was adopted for selecting people comprising leaders and practitioners, who have deep knowledge of the three festivals as participants for the study. Interviews were conducted and the data collected were content analysed. The study found that there are moral lessons embedded in these festivals particularly in every act of the celebration. The leaders need to deliberately highlight these lessons emphasising their significance as the very essence of the festivals and rites in order for people to understand, imbibe and put them into practice.
本研究探讨了尼日利亚埃基蒂州的Moba人如何利用他们的三个传统节日和仪式——odun ijesu、itugbe和oku-omo- ilu——进行道德教育。采用定性研究方法,采用非结构化访谈指导进行数据收集。采用有目的的抽样方法,选取对三节有深入了解的领导和从业人员作为研究对象。进行访谈,并对收集的数据进行内容分析。研究发现,这些节日中蕴含着道德教训,尤其是在庆祝活动的每一个环节。领导人需要刻意强调这些教训,强调它们作为节日和仪式的精髓的重要性,以便人们理解、吸收和实践。
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引用次数: 0
Public Reason and Embodied Community- Intercultural Philosophical Perspective: An African Approach 公共理性与体现共同体——跨文化哲学视角:一个非洲视角
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-06-21 DOI: 10.4314/ft.v9i1.5
M. Eboh
Every human person is a cultural being. Each culture has incomplete knowledge of reality, and the sharing of viewpoints makes for mutual  enrichment, hence the need for intercultural perspectives. Even in a human being, body and spirit, emotion and reason reciprocally influence on each other. Life is dialogical. Action gives flesh to theory, and the abstract reason is exemplified in real things, which is what embodiment of reason is all about. Principles govern all things and public reason, as a causal principle, regulates the affairs of embodied homogeneous communities. African embodiment of reason is self-evident in names and allegories wherein rational thoughts and ideas are personified the way sentient robots embody or personify Artificial Intelligence (AI). In this treatise, we shall use allegory, nomenclature, traditional songs, apophthegms, etc., to show how Africans wisely incarnate ideas in things. As it is analogous to modern-day AI, we shall not only highlight the African approach to public reason and embodied community but also tangentially discuss the effect of AI on the global community, of which Africa is a subunit. In conclusion, we shall caution against the empowering of robots with logical reasoning, and the disempowering and denaturalizing of humans. Keywords: Reason, Embodiment, Philosophy, Principle and Community.
每个人都是一种文化存在。每种文化对现实的认识都是不完整的,观点的分享会使相互丰富,因此需要跨文化视角。即使在一个人身上,身体和精神、情感和理性也是相互影响的。生活是有对话的。行动使理论有了肉体,抽象的理性在现实事物中得到体现,这就是理性的体现。原则支配着一切事物,公共理性作为一种因果原则,规范着具体的同质社区的事务。非洲人对理性的体现在名字和寓言中是不言而喻的,在这些名字和寓言中,理性的思想和观念被拟人化,就像有知觉的机器人体现或拟人化人工智能(AI)一样。在这篇论文中,我们将使用寓言、命名法、传统歌曲、格言等,来展示非洲人如何明智地将思想体现在事物中。由于它类似于现代人工智能,我们不仅要强调非洲对公共理性和具体化社区的方法,还要切切地讨论人工智能对全球社区的影响,其中非洲是一个亚单位。总之,我们应该警惕用逻辑推理赋予机器人权力,以及使人类失去权力和变性。关键词:理性、体现、哲学、原则、共同体
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引用次数: 0
The Community and the Individual: Revisiting the Relevance of Afro- Communalism 社区与个人:重新审视非洲社群主义的相关性
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-06-21 DOI: 10.4314/ft.v9i1.3
M. F. Asiegbu, A. Ajah
Afro-communalism has been largely conceptualized as a system in which individuals attain meaningfulness from the point of view of the community. We assess the implications of Afro-communalism on the individual’s rights. With particular focus on the transformative values of non-conformist features of individualism, this paper shows how Afro-communalism’s emphasis on the community is counter-productive. Our approach goes beyond the argument that Afro-communalism stifles the autonomy of the individual. Instead, we demonstrate how the community’s conformist expectations from the individual within the Afro-communalist system, sets the community against the individual and against itself. We draw the conclusion that Afro-communalism as a project is no longer relevant and needs to end. We do this by showing how most of the (re)interpretations of Afro-communalism are attempts to sustain a reductive contrast between the West and Africa. We also show how that contrast exaggerates the idea of community in Africa, to the detriment of a balance between the individual’s right and her duties to the community. Keywords: Afro-communalism, individualism, non-conformist expectations, community, individual autonomy, Africa.
非洲社群主义在很大程度上被概念化为一个系统,在这个系统中,个人从社区的角度获得了意义。我们评估非洲社群主义对个人权利的影响。本文特别关注个人主义不墨守成规特征的变革价值,展示了非洲社群主义对社区的强调是如何适得其反的。我们的方法超越了非洲社群主义扼杀个人自主权的论点。相反,我们展示了在非洲社群主义体系中,社区对个人的从众期望是如何使社区与个人和自身对立起来的。我们得出的结论是,非洲社群主义作为一项计划已不再重要,需要结束。为了做到这一点,我们展示了对非洲社群主义的大多数(重新)解释是如何试图维持西非和非洲之间的简化对比的。我们还表明,这种对比如何夸大了非洲的社区观念,损害了个人权利与其对社区的义务之间的平衡。关键词:非洲社群主义,个人主义,不墨守成规的期望,社区,个人自治,非洲。
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引用次数: 0
The methodological significance of Chimakonam’s Ezumezu logic 奇马科南的Ezumezu逻辑的方法论意义
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2019-09-27 DOI: 10.4314/ft.v8i2.7
Amara Esther Ani
In this short piece, I argue that Chimakonam’s Ezumezu logic bears methodological significance for African scholarship as a whole. If method rests on logic, and method accounts for the distinction of one knowledge output from another, then the formulation of a system of logic which can creditably be described as African, even if simply in cultural inspiration, would provide for methodological liberation of African scholarship trapped in western knowledge hegemony since colonial times. First, I discuss in simple terms the theory of Ezumezu logic before showing its methodological significance.Keywords: Ezumezu, Logic, Chimakonam, African philosophy, Method
在这篇短文中,我认为Chimakonam的Ezumezu逻辑对整个非洲学术具有方法论意义。如果方法依赖于逻辑,并且方法解释了一种知识输出与另一种知识输出的区别,那么可以被可信地描述为非洲的逻辑系统的形成,即使只是在文化灵感方面,也将为自殖民时代以来被困在西方知识霸权中的非洲学术提供方法论解放。首先,我简单地讨论了Ezumezu逻辑的理论,然后展示了它的方法论意义。关键词:Ezumezu,逻辑,Chimakonam,非洲哲学,方法
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引用次数: 1
Ideology and Oladele Balogun’s perspective on parenthood and the ‘educated person’ 意识形态与奥拉黛尔·巴洛贡对为人父母和“受过教育的人”的看法
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2019-09-27 DOI: 10.4314/ft.v8i2.4
B. Dasaolu
Enormous but undue accentuation has been given to the acquisition of certificates and degrees over competence in Africa. Not only does this expand the gulf between thought and praxis, it also implies the compromised course of knowledge production and reproduction in Africa. As a result of the vegetative and epileptic nature of the development agenda in Africa, there has been as many theories as there are scholars who are seeking theoretical solutions but with almost nothing tangible. Oladele Balogun has shown intellectual concerns over this too but with a plausible panacea. Taking traditional Yoruba culture as his cue, Balogun sees a connection between ‘parenthood’ and traditional Yoruba perception of the ‘educated person’ as crucial elements for human development drive in Africa. While I concede that these in themselves are necessary, I contest their sufficiency. Hence, I add a third category – Ideology.Keywords: Oladele Balogun, Parenthood, Pedagogy, Yoruba, Ideology
在非洲,人们过分强调获得证书和学位而不是能力。这不仅扩大了思想和实践之间的鸿沟,也意味着非洲知识生产和再生产的妥协过程。由于非洲发展议程的植物性和癫痫病的性质,有多少学者就有多少理论,他们在寻求理论上的解决办法,但几乎没有任何实际的东西。奥拉黛尔·巴洛贡(Oladele Balogun)也对此表示了理智上的担忧,但他提出了一种似乎可行的灵丹妙药。以传统约鲁巴文化为线索,Balogun认为“为人父母”与传统约鲁巴人对“受过教育的人”的看法之间存在联系,这是推动非洲人类发展的关键因素。虽然我承认这些措施本身是必要的,但我质疑它们的充分性。因此,我增加了第三个类别——意识形态。关键词:奥拉黛尔·巴洛贡,亲子关系,教育学,约鲁巴语,意识形态
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引用次数: 1
Hountondji and Bachelard: pluralism as a methodological and phenomenological concept in approaching the cultural knowledge of Africa 洪东吉与巴舍拉:多元主义作为研究非洲文化知识的方法论与现象学概念
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2019-09-27 DOI: 10.4314/ft.v8i2.8
G. Rocha
This paper explores convergences and divergences in the thoughts of Gaston Bachelard and Paulin Hountondji and their notions of rational pluralism and true pluralism, respectively. There is a problematic in which for Bachelard rational pluralism can be comprehended as the various epistemological profiles to understand a scientific phenomenon, as well as the coherence that such theories have among themselves, while Huontondji is concerned with criticizing a collective ethnological view of philosophy and considers that the true pluralism is precisely the capacity of philosophical singularities that appropriate the history of philosophy. Using Hountondji's criticism to exemplify the pluralism in African philosophy, his references to Bachelard in [African philosophy - Myth and reality], and other texts, we hope to get a better understanding of the rupture between ‘developments’ and ‘new involvements’ that reconstruct the old knowledge synthesized out of old philosophical perspectives. Here, I look for transversal dialogues among the few references to Bachelard in Hountondji's philosophy to find new possibilities for dialogue and engagement from an African phenomenology perspective. Thus, we study links between European and African thought, so presenting a new perspective on studies of Bachelardian philosophy itself.Keywords: systems, phenomenology, pluralism, discontinuities, African philosophy, Hountondji, Bachelard
本文探讨了巴舍拉和洪东吉思想的趋同与分歧,以及理性多元主义和真正多元主义的概念。对于巴舍拉来说,理性多元主义可以被理解为理解科学现象的各种认识论侧面,以及这些理论之间的一致性,这是一个问题,而霍通吉则关注批评哲学的集体民族学观点,并认为真正的多元主义恰恰是哲学奇点的能力,它适合哲学史。利用Hountondji的批评来举例说明非洲哲学的多元性,他在[非洲哲学-神话与现实]和其他文本中引用了Bachelard,我们希望更好地理解“发展”与“新介入”之间的断裂,后者重建了从旧哲学观点合成的旧知识。在这里,我从洪东吉哲学中对巴舍拉的少数提及中寻找横向对话,从非洲现象学的角度寻找对话和参与的新可能性。因此,我们研究欧洲和非洲思想之间的联系,从而为巴舍拉蒂哲学本身的研究提供了一个新的视角。关键词:系统,现象学,多元主义,不连续,非洲哲学,洪东吉,巴舍拉
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引用次数: 0
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Filosofia Theoretica
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