Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.13189/lls.2021.090401
Noof S. Alharbi
Flipped Learning Strategy (FLS) has become one of the innovative trends in education to create an exciting learning environment where the instructor becomes a facilitator or guide and students construct their knowledge. Therefore, the current study aimed at investigating the effect of the Flipped Learning Strategy (FLS) on developing university students' English reading comprehension. The study also sought to reveal students' attitudes towards the use of the flipped learning strategy. The study sample consisted of 54 female undergraduate Saudi students enrolled in 102 English courses in the preparatory year at a pioneering university in Saudi Arabia. The students were assigned to two groups: experimental and control. A pre-post reading comprehension test and an attitude scale were used to measure students' attitudes towards FLS. The study revealed that FLS had a positive effect on developing university students' L2 English reading comprehension. The findings also showed a statistical difference at (α=0.05) between the control and experimental groups in the post-reading comprehension test in favour of the experimental group. In addition, the findings pinpointed that students in the experimental group showed positive attitudes towards the use of FLS. The study recommends that much effort should be made by researchers and teachers to implement the FLS in various learning stages to improve the English language in Saudi Arabia. Also, the study provides insight into opportunities for further studies.
{"title":"The Effect of Flipped Learning Strategy on Developing Saudi University Students' English Reading Comprehension and Their Attitudes towards the Strategy","authors":"Noof S. Alharbi","doi":"10.13189/lls.2021.090401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/lls.2021.090401","url":null,"abstract":"Flipped Learning Strategy (FLS) has become one of the innovative trends in education to create an exciting learning environment where the instructor becomes a facilitator or guide and students construct their knowledge. Therefore, the current study aimed at investigating the effect of the Flipped Learning Strategy (FLS) on developing university students' English reading comprehension. The study also sought to reveal students' attitudes towards the use of the flipped learning strategy. The study sample consisted of 54 female undergraduate Saudi students enrolled in 102 English courses in the preparatory year at a pioneering university in Saudi Arabia. The students were assigned to two groups: experimental and control. A pre-post reading comprehension test and an attitude scale were used to measure students' attitudes towards FLS. The study revealed that FLS had a positive effect on developing university students' L2 English reading comprehension. The findings also showed a statistical difference at (α=0.05) between the control and experimental groups in the post-reading comprehension test in favour of the experimental group. In addition, the findings pinpointed that students in the experimental group showed positive attitudes towards the use of FLS. The study recommends that much effort should be made by researchers and teachers to implement the FLS in various learning stages to improve the English language in Saudi Arabia. Also, the study provides insight into opportunities for further studies.","PeriodicalId":377849,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics and Literature Studies","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121574765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.13189/LLS.2021.090302
M. Mašát
The main goal of the paper is to answer the question How are selected aspects of World War II represented in the artistic narrative The Painted Bird by Jerzy Kosiński? After reading the novel, the analysis examined the main lines of depiction of the events happened in World War II, focusing on those that are, in my opinion, key to the interpretation of the novel and to create parallels between artistic literary representation and reality of World War II. After the introduction, in which I presented the circumstances that accompanied the publication of the book The Painted Bird in the United States of America and then in other countries (discussions and disputes were mainly based on depictions of brutality, which, however, was an integral part of life during World War II), I focused on selected aspect implemented into the narrative. I have divided them into five groups: 1) A Futile Struggle for Life, 2) Christians versus Jews, 3) I´m One of You: Looting of the Kalmyks, 4) The Habits of the Villagers and 5) Implementation of the Ideas of Communism. The analysis showed that selected aspects of World War II, focusing on the integration of a multilateral view of selected events of a defined historical phase, are represented in the Kosiński´s narrative mainly through a certain influence of the external environment on the formation of the boy´s personality. The first metamorphosis is guided by the devaluation of its ethical and moral values with the main goal: to survive. This effort permeates the entire artistic narrative and is most significantly depicted in the futile struggle for the life of a painted bird in the environment of individuals of its kind, which is a parallel to the boy´s life among other people. The second transformation of his personality takes place during the rage of the Kalmyks in one of the villages, during which he realizes his resemblance to these people and in a way seeks to explain the transformation of his moral values based on external resemblance to them. A certain “correction” of his not very fault due to a distorted personality profile is thematized in a meeting with a Russian soldier who is trying to acquaint the boy with communist ideas. Based on the presentation of selected aspects that were part of the Second World War and their representation in the analyzed artistic narrative, I believe that The Painted Bird should become an integral part of compulsory school reading.
{"title":"Representation of Selected Aspects of World War II and Their Influence on Personality Transformation in the Book Painted Bird by Jerzy Kosiński","authors":"M. Mašát","doi":"10.13189/LLS.2021.090302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/LLS.2021.090302","url":null,"abstract":"The main goal of the paper is to answer the question How are selected aspects of World War II represented in the artistic narrative The Painted Bird by Jerzy Kosiński? After reading the novel, the analysis examined the main lines of depiction of the events happened in World War II, focusing on those that are, in my opinion, key to the interpretation of the novel and to create parallels between artistic literary representation and reality of World War II. After the introduction, in which I presented the circumstances that accompanied the publication of the book The Painted Bird in the United States of America and then in other countries (discussions and disputes were mainly based on depictions of brutality, which, however, was an integral part of life during World War II), I focused on selected aspect implemented into the narrative. I have divided them into five groups: 1) A Futile Struggle for Life, 2) Christians versus Jews, 3) I´m One of You: Looting of the Kalmyks, 4) The Habits of the Villagers and 5) Implementation of the Ideas of Communism. The analysis showed that selected aspects of World War II, focusing on the integration of a multilateral view of selected events of a defined historical phase, are represented in the Kosiński´s narrative mainly through a certain influence of the external environment on the formation of the boy´s personality. The first metamorphosis is guided by the devaluation of its ethical and moral values with the main goal: to survive. This effort permeates the entire artistic narrative and is most significantly depicted in the futile struggle for the life of a painted bird in the environment of individuals of its kind, which is a parallel to the boy´s life among other people. The second transformation of his personality takes place during the rage of the Kalmyks in one of the villages, during which he realizes his resemblance to these people and in a way seeks to explain the transformation of his moral values based on external resemblance to them. A certain “correction” of his not very fault due to a distorted personality profile is thematized in a meeting with a Russian soldier who is trying to acquaint the boy with communist ideas. Based on the presentation of selected aspects that were part of the Second World War and their representation in the analyzed artistic narrative, I believe that The Painted Bird should become an integral part of compulsory school reading.","PeriodicalId":377849,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics and Literature Studies","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128168234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the Yoruba Nollywood film industry, there is a crop of non-native actors who are fluent in their native language and also conversant in the Yoruba language. These actors fail to articulate the level of believability in indigenised Yoruba cultural films, due to the linguistic impediment of their native language in the required diction of cultural films. This paper refers to them as polyglots and discusses their inability to acculturate linguistically in culture-based films through characterisation, diction, gesticulations and socio-cultural nuances. This paper, therefore, explores the inadequacy of language delivery due to linguistic impediment of the native language of select polyglot actors in Yoruba Nollywood films as a hindrance to adequate interpretation of Yoruba language. Three non- native actors in native Yoruba films were studied, and their linguistic performances were content analysed in line with the impediment of their mother tongue. The paper adopts the Social Learning Theory of Albert Bandura, which identifies the impact of language on the audience, and sees the actor as a part of models to either elevate or denigrate ethical values of language in society. The research is premised on Qualitative method of research in analysing the visual film materials to identify linguistic strength and deficiency of the Yoruba language in performance. Findings show that actors who underplay nativity through language undervalue linguistic appreciation of the audience, and also reduce the cultural values the films are meant to propagate.
{"title":"Language Impediment and Polyglot Actors in Yoruba Native Film","authors":"Adejoke Adetoun Ademuyiwa, Eunice Uwadinma-Idemudia","doi":"10.13189/LLS.2021.090301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/LLS.2021.090301","url":null,"abstract":"In the Yoruba Nollywood film industry, there is a crop of non-native actors who are fluent in their native language and also conversant in the Yoruba language. These actors fail to articulate the level of believability in indigenised Yoruba cultural films, due to the linguistic impediment of their native language in the required diction of cultural films. This paper refers to them as polyglots and discusses their inability to acculturate linguistically in culture-based films through characterisation, diction, gesticulations and socio-cultural nuances. This paper, therefore, explores the inadequacy of language delivery due to linguistic impediment of the native language of select polyglot actors in Yoruba Nollywood films as a hindrance to adequate interpretation of Yoruba language. Three non- native actors in native Yoruba films were studied, and their linguistic performances were content analysed in line with the impediment of their mother tongue. The paper adopts the Social Learning Theory of Albert Bandura, which identifies the impact of language on the audience, and sees the actor as a part of models to either elevate or denigrate ethical values of language in society. The research is premised on Qualitative method of research in analysing the visual film materials to identify linguistic strength and deficiency of the Yoruba language in performance. Findings show that actors who underplay nativity through language undervalue linguistic appreciation of the audience, and also reduce the cultural values the films are meant to propagate.","PeriodicalId":377849,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics and Literature Studies","volume":"159 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134281418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.13189/LLS.2021.090203
Zhengying Guo, Ying Yuan
The Greek word topos (Latin counterpart, locus) means literally a “place” or “region” for arguments to reside in. Although it is one of the essential tools for rhetorical invention, the evolution of its meaning and function has suffered neglect. By systematically exploring topos in a chronological order, this essay reveals its varying focal points: from formal and material categorizations in the Greco-Roman era to theological aspect in the Medieval time, from stylistic topos in the Renaissance to moral orientation in the Enlightenment, and then to argumentation scheme in the contemporary time. Through examining the related classical and modern scholarship, this inquiry finds that the two inventional tools — topos and stasis (a system of controversial issues) — richly complement each other. Focusing on the generative common topoi/topics, this study finally integrates the closely related elements of Cicero’s stasis into the popular topical system of Corbett and Connors (1999) to justify a richer and more reasonable topos model. The refined model consists of 5 major topoi/topics properly subcategorized: Definition with conviction, genus, essence, division; Comparison with similarity or difference, superiority or inferiority, more or less; Relationship with cause and effect, antecedent and consequence, opposites; Circumstance with past fact and future fact, possible and impossible; and Testimony with authority, testimonial, statistics, maxims, laws, precedents. This investigation contributes to strengthening the theoretical basis for the application of topos in the field of composition, argumentation, and rhetorical criticism.
{"title":"Tracing and Refining the Inventional Topoi","authors":"Zhengying Guo, Ying Yuan","doi":"10.13189/LLS.2021.090203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/LLS.2021.090203","url":null,"abstract":"The Greek word topos (Latin counterpart, locus) means literally a “place” or “region” for arguments to reside in. Although it is one of the essential tools for rhetorical invention, the evolution of its meaning and function has suffered neglect. By systematically exploring topos in a chronological order, this essay reveals its varying focal points: from formal and material categorizations in the Greco-Roman era to theological aspect in the Medieval time, from stylistic topos in the Renaissance to moral orientation in the Enlightenment, and then to argumentation scheme in the contemporary time. Through examining the related classical and modern scholarship, this inquiry finds that the two inventional tools — topos and stasis (a system of controversial issues) — richly complement each other. Focusing on the generative common topoi/topics, this study finally integrates the closely related elements of Cicero’s stasis into the popular topical system of Corbett and Connors (1999) to justify a richer and more reasonable topos model. The refined model consists of 5 major topoi/topics properly subcategorized: Definition with conviction, genus, essence, division; Comparison with similarity or difference, superiority or inferiority, more or less; Relationship with cause and effect, antecedent and consequence, opposites; Circumstance with past fact and future fact, possible and impossible; and Testimony with authority, testimonial, statistics, maxims, laws, precedents. This investigation contributes to strengthening the theoretical basis for the application of topos in the field of composition, argumentation, and rhetorical criticism.","PeriodicalId":377849,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics and Literature Studies","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123813525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.13189/LLS.2021.090101
Efe Duyan
This paper aims to analyze Turkish modernist poet Nâzim Hikmet's architectural spaces in his poetry from the perspective of Paul Ricoeur's theory of architecture and literature to unfold their artistic impact. As an interdisciplinary field, the narratology of space is directly linked to architecture and literature mainly dealing with the described spaces in fiction. Phenomenology and cognitive research, on the other hand, provides a background for the emotional experience of space. Paul Ricoeur's parallelism of architecture and literature rooted in phenomenology will be interpreted from the perspective of narratology of space to provide the main methodology of the research. Paul Ricoeur's theory not only offers a temporal perspective of the need, design, and experience but also provides an interchangeable terminology for narrative spaces. Taking his configuration concept into account, the modernist Turkish poet Nâzim Hikmet's narrative spaces will be analyzed. Ricoeur's theory presents a fitting methodology due to the socio-political discourse and the communicability of Hikmet's poetry. His narrative spaces in different periods will be interpreted according to their emphasis on certain spatial aspects, namely, the emplotment, intelligibility, and context. It will be demonstrated how the spatial qualities of Hikmet's spaces generate corresponding artistic effects. In conclusion, it will be claimed that Hikmet's narrative architecture creates an artistic impact to be experienced by reproducing the main idea, acting as a separate symbol, or shifting the poem's context. The conclusions will also suggest a viewpoint of how narrative qualities may inspire architectural design due to its configurative artistic impact.
{"title":"The Architectural Experience and Configuring the Narrative Spaces in Hikmet's Poetry","authors":"Efe Duyan","doi":"10.13189/LLS.2021.090101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/LLS.2021.090101","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to analyze Turkish modernist poet Nâzim Hikmet's architectural spaces in his poetry from the perspective of Paul Ricoeur's theory of architecture and literature to unfold their artistic impact. As an interdisciplinary field, the narratology of space is directly linked to architecture and literature mainly dealing with the described spaces in fiction. Phenomenology and cognitive research, on the other hand, provides a background for the emotional experience of space. Paul Ricoeur's parallelism of architecture and literature rooted in phenomenology will be interpreted from the perspective of narratology of space to provide the main methodology of the research. Paul Ricoeur's theory not only offers a temporal perspective of the need, design, and experience but also provides an interchangeable terminology for narrative spaces. Taking his configuration concept into account, the modernist Turkish poet Nâzim Hikmet's narrative spaces will be analyzed. Ricoeur's theory presents a fitting methodology due to the socio-political discourse and the communicability of Hikmet's poetry. His narrative spaces in different periods will be interpreted according to their emphasis on certain spatial aspects, namely, the emplotment, intelligibility, and context. It will be demonstrated how the spatial qualities of Hikmet's spaces generate corresponding artistic effects. In conclusion, it will be claimed that Hikmet's narrative architecture creates an artistic impact to be experienced by reproducing the main idea, acting as a separate symbol, or shifting the poem's context. The conclusions will also suggest a viewpoint of how narrative qualities may inspire architectural design due to its configurative artistic impact.","PeriodicalId":377849,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics and Literature Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129177746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.13189/LLS.2021.090103
A. Aloufi
This study looks at a minor but interesting phonological phenomenon that is vowel epenthesis in Toda songs, a Dravidian language spoken in South India. The purpose of this paper is to elaborate the extent to which vowel epenthesis is used to satisfy the poetic meter preferences in songs and verses that are sensitive to the number of syllables per line in the light of Optimality Theory (OT). This study was largely based on songs collected by Emeneau [1] and recently recognised by Fabb [2]. It offers an analysis of vowel epenthesis using the ranked and violable constraints of OT [3]. The conclusion of the paper is that vowel epenthesis is triggered by a non-rhythmic size meter that constrains the length of the line of the poetic form in Toda to be strictly three syllables [4]. Within OT, violation and the strict domination of OT constraints are capable of accounting for the vowel epenthesis in Toda songs. Theoretical insights from OT enrich our understanding not only of Toda phonology but also of its metric rules. More generally, OT is shown in this study to be a framework which manages to give meaningful clarification of complex and specific literary-linguistic interaction patterns found in a given language.
{"title":"Vowel Epenthesis in Toda Songs","authors":"A. Aloufi","doi":"10.13189/LLS.2021.090103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/LLS.2021.090103","url":null,"abstract":"This study looks at a minor but interesting phonological phenomenon that is vowel epenthesis in Toda songs, a Dravidian language spoken in South India. The purpose of this paper is to elaborate the extent to which vowel epenthesis is used to satisfy the poetic meter preferences in songs and verses that are sensitive to the number of syllables per line in the light of Optimality Theory (OT). This study was largely based on songs collected by Emeneau [1] and recently recognised by Fabb [2]. It offers an analysis of vowel epenthesis using the ranked and violable constraints of OT [3]. The conclusion of the paper is that vowel epenthesis is triggered by a non-rhythmic size meter that constrains the length of the line of the poetic form in Toda to be strictly three syllables [4]. Within OT, violation and the strict domination of OT constraints are capable of accounting for the vowel epenthesis in Toda songs. Theoretical insights from OT enrich our understanding not only of Toda phonology but also of its metric rules. More generally, OT is shown in this study to be a framework which manages to give meaningful clarification of complex and specific literary-linguistic interaction patterns found in a given language.","PeriodicalId":377849,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics and Literature Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130987745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.13189/LLS.2021.090105
Jefwa G. Mweri
The corona virus disease has impacted virtually everybody in the world today by introducing various changes leading to what has come to be known as the new normal. This paper gives COVID-19 a new perspective from the medical one that is always examined. It analyses how the English language has been able to adapt to the changes that COVID -19 has occasioned. Because it is dynamic, language changes to accommodate new happenings in society for example introducing or coining completely new words into their vocabulary through word formation processes such as blending and acronymy or through old words acquiring new meaning (semantic shift) or old words gaining currency due to an emerging and trending situation. These word formation processes are examples of neologisms. This paper therefore is an analysis of language of social crisis and it examines neologisms in the wake of COVID-19 by shading some light on how some of the words and phrases being used in what we will call corona vocabulary came into existence or how they are used in the context of a catastrophic event that COVID-19 is. Through a descriptive qualitative method of analysis, we obtain and analyze information on what we consider a trending issue of global concern – COVID-19. Data were collected from different sources about language use in the realities of the pandemic. The words and phrases were obtained from social media, daily newspapers and other writings that revolved around the issue of COVID-19. Similarly, we draw from various theoretical approaches to neologisms discussed by Rets and others. We also account for the changes in language use that have been occasioned by COVID-19 by using MAK Halliday functional theory that posits that language changes are occasioned by the needs of its users.
{"title":"Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) Effects on Language Use: An Analysis of Neologisms","authors":"Jefwa G. Mweri","doi":"10.13189/LLS.2021.090105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/LLS.2021.090105","url":null,"abstract":"The corona virus disease has impacted virtually everybody in the world today by introducing various changes leading to what has come to be known as the new normal. This paper gives COVID-19 a new perspective from the medical one that is always examined. It analyses how the English language has been able to adapt to the changes that COVID -19 has occasioned. Because it is dynamic, language changes to accommodate new happenings in society for example introducing or coining completely new words into their vocabulary through word formation processes such as blending and acronymy or through old words acquiring new meaning (semantic shift) or old words gaining currency due to an emerging and trending situation. These word formation processes are examples of neologisms. This paper therefore is an analysis of language of social crisis and it examines neologisms in the wake of COVID-19 by shading some light on how some of the words and phrases being used in what we will call corona vocabulary came into existence or how they are used in the context of a catastrophic event that COVID-19 is. Through a descriptive qualitative method of analysis, we obtain and analyze information on what we consider a trending issue of global concern – COVID-19. Data were collected from different sources about language use in the realities of the pandemic. The words and phrases were obtained from social media, daily newspapers and other writings that revolved around the issue of COVID-19. Similarly, we draw from various theoretical approaches to neologisms discussed by Rets and others. We also account for the changes in language use that have been occasioned by COVID-19 by using MAK Halliday functional theory that posits that language changes are occasioned by the needs of its users.","PeriodicalId":377849,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics and Literature Studies","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125604280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.13189/LLS.2021.090102
Wencheng Gao, Xiaofeng Zhang
Negation is crucial to semantics. Negative polarity items (NPI) play an important role in negation. There are a few studies on NPIs in Chinese, but so far no research is on NPIs in Chinese existential sentences (ESs). Because the existential verb “ you ” (have) is combined with the negative marker “ mei ” (not) in Chinese ESs, unlike in other types of sentences where “ meiyou ” (not have) together function as a negative marker. We wonder whether this combination of a single negative marker and an existential verb affects the licensing conditions of NPIs. This is why we study negative polarity items in Chinese ESs. We investigate the variety of negative polarity items which can be allowed in Chinese ESs, and their licensing conditions. It is found that four types of negative polarity items can occur in Chinese ESs, i.e. negative polarity adjectives, negative polarity adverbs, negative polarity wh-words, and negative polarity ‘one’ phrase as minimizer. In this paper, we just focus on the last two types of negative polarity items that can occur in Chinese ESs. The linguistic facts show that negative polarity wh-words (except ‘ duoshao’ ) and negative polarity ‘one’ phrase as minimizer in Chinese ESs can be licensed by negative sentences, yes-no interrogative sentences, A-not-A interrogative sentences, and the antecedent clause of a conditional. We claim that negative polarity wh-words (except ‘ duoshao ’) and negative polarity ‘one’ phrase as minimizer in Chinese ESs are strong NPIs. It has been found that NPIs can be licensed by negative sentences in Chinese according to the previous studies. Our new contribution to the field is that we have found NPIs in Chinese ESs can also be licensed by yes-no interrogatives, A-not-A interrogatives and the antecedent clause of a conditional apart from negative sentences. This finding is to some extent accountable for NPIs in other Chinese constructions.
{"title":"A Study of Negative Polarity Items in Chinese Existential Sentences","authors":"Wencheng Gao, Xiaofeng Zhang","doi":"10.13189/LLS.2021.090102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/LLS.2021.090102","url":null,"abstract":"Negation is crucial to semantics. Negative polarity items (NPI) play an important role in negation. There are a few studies on NPIs in Chinese, but so far no research is on NPIs in Chinese existential sentences (ESs). Because the existential verb “ you ” (have) is combined with the negative marker “ mei ” (not) in Chinese ESs, unlike in other types of sentences where “ meiyou ” (not have) together function as a negative marker. We wonder whether this combination of a single negative marker and an existential verb affects the licensing conditions of NPIs. This is why we study negative polarity items in Chinese ESs. We investigate the variety of negative polarity items which can be allowed in Chinese ESs, and their licensing conditions. It is found that four types of negative polarity items can occur in Chinese ESs, i.e. negative polarity adjectives, negative polarity adverbs, negative polarity wh-words, and negative polarity ‘one’ phrase as minimizer. In this paper, we just focus on the last two types of negative polarity items that can occur in Chinese ESs. The linguistic facts show that negative polarity wh-words (except ‘ duoshao’ ) and negative polarity ‘one’ phrase as minimizer in Chinese ESs can be licensed by negative sentences, yes-no interrogative sentences, A-not-A interrogative sentences, and the antecedent clause of a conditional. We claim that negative polarity wh-words (except ‘ duoshao ’) and negative polarity ‘one’ phrase as minimizer in Chinese ESs are strong NPIs. It has been found that NPIs can be licensed by negative sentences in Chinese according to the previous studies. Our new contribution to the field is that we have found NPIs in Chinese ESs can also be licensed by yes-no interrogatives, A-not-A interrogatives and the antecedent clause of a conditional apart from negative sentences. This finding is to some extent accountable for NPIs in other Chinese constructions.","PeriodicalId":377849,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics and Literature Studies","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129437166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.13189/LLS.2021.090104
Mirzana Pašić Kodrić
Zuko Džumhur's literary work has an impressive multimedial and intermedial character, not only his travelogues, but generally the entire body of his creative work. This paper intends to precisely examine the nature of his work, where the emergence of intermediality, i.e. the relationship between drawings and text, can be considered as an additional thematisation. It would be difficult to conclude whether the highly hybrid and very complex nature of the multimedial and intermedial nature of Zuko Džumhur's work stem from the poetics of Modernism. Especially when it comes to the Avant-garde heritage, which, as well as Modernism, is very close to him, or the influence of remarkable earlier travelogues, which also link the drawing to a text like e.g. Evliya Celebi etc. However, it is certain that the reasons behind his unique discourse can also be found in the fact that Zuko Džumhur, by his nature, was a very multidimensional person of many preferences, talents, professions and interests. This paper could not exhaust all the aspects of this extremely complex topic, but did try to draw attention to the unique discourse, role and place of Zuko Džumhur's work as one of the most significant Bosniak and Bosnian-Herzegovinian travel writers, and beyond, with a significant place in the wider South Slavic literary context too.
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Pub Date : 2020-12-10DOI: 10.13189/LLS.2021.090201
I. Awagu
The quality of language of a scholarly paper determines its acceptability for academic publication. Books, editorials and journals have distinguished styles of expressions, sentence construction, lexicon and mode of writing or reporting, in addition to reference and citation styles within the academic domain. Given that authors are expected to communicate their organized thoughts and research findings with accuracy and sensitivity, challenges abound in conformity to house style or grammar. Sometimes, the authors encounter the interference of structural construction or the interference of the mother tongue for a non-native speaker writing in a second language. There is need to interrogate the specific features of academic writing that would guide intending authors and qualify their manuscript for publication. Through a conceptual and critical analysis of the literature and guidelines laid down by some academic house styles like APA 6th Edition, this paper examines the specific features of language that an author writing in any language for publication needs to consider for acceptability. It also considers some topical issues attendant to writing in scholarly language. The findings reveal that scholarly research is a specialty, thus the language is within the unique set of rules governing academic writing. The nature of some scholarly research disposes them to an exclusive audience which might demand language conceptualized within the boundaries of a specific discipline. In addition, the language barrier between thoughts and written words constitutes a hindrance for non-native speakers. The study concludes that the language of academic report communicates and authenticates the findings, thus editors give priority to manuscripts that demonstrate clarity, objective and analytical skills. It also posits that academic writers need special tutoring in the language, both for native and non-native speakers. Linguistic variance in textual and rhetorical structure lends itself to socio-linguistic, ethnographic translation, logical and pedagogic orientation. Academic brokerage should be encouraged. Minimizing rejection might call for academic communities not represented in high impact factor journals to grow journals with high impact factor within national or cultural boundaries.
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