Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2021-2-52-58
E. Yastrebova, O. E. Chernova, A. Kalyshenko, G.A. Vertogradova
Objective. To analyze the course of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and efficacy of its treatment in children with HIV infection. Patients and methods. This study included 29 children aged 12 to 17 years (mean age 15.1 ± 0.2 years) with perinatal HIV infection and CHC. HIV stages were distributed as follows: stage 4A in 24 individuals (82.8%), stage 4B in 4 individuals (13.8%), and stage 4B in 1 individual (3.4%). All 29 patients received antiretroviral therapy. The distribution of children by HCV genotypes was as follows: 1a in one child (3.4%), 1b in 12 children (41.4%), and 3a in 16 children (55.2%). Antiviral therapy for CHC included glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (3 tablets; 100 mg + 40 mg) once a day for 56 days. Data analysis was performed using the Statistica for Windows software (version 10.0). Results. The mean HCV RNA level was 595,666 ± 34,734 IU/mL (range: 1,100–3,863,025 IU/mL). After 4, 8, or 12 weeks of antiviral therapy for HCV, HCV RNA clearance was achieved in all study participants (p = 0.01). Before treatment initiation, mean CD4+ count was 738 ± 34 cells/μL (above 500 cells/μL), which indicated the absence of immunodeficiency in the group analyzed. Successful antiviral therapy for HCV (sustained virologic response at week 12; SVR 12) also resulted in increase of the CD4+ lymphocytes level, which was considered as a positive effect of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (p = 0.15). We observed significant differences in the level of liver enzymes (ALT and AST) (p = 0.01) between samples collected before antiviral therapy initiation and those collected during treatment, as well as 12 weeks after its completion (SVR12). All children demonstrated good tolerance of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir; none of them had adverse events, complaints, or clinical/laboratory changes. Conclusion. Thus, all children with HIV infection and CHC achieved SVR12 after the 8-week course of antiviral therapy with glecaprevir/pibrentasvir regardless of HCV genotype. Clinical manifestations (hepatosplenomegaly in 62.1%; asthenovegetative syndrome in 31.0%) were eliminated after 8 weeks of therapy. Laboratory manifestations (hepatic cytolysis (AST/ALT)) were normalized after 4 weeks of therapy. Antiviral treatment for HCV resulted in some increase in the level of CD4+ lymphocytes. We observed no adverse events caused by glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (neither clinical symptoms nor changes in complete blood count or liver function tests), which confirms the safety of this treatment regimen. Key words: antiretroviral therapy, HIV infection, children, direct-acting antivirals, chronic hepatitis C
{"title":"Chronic hepatitis C in children with HIV infection: disease phenotype and efficacy of antiviral therapy","authors":"E. Yastrebova, O. E. Chernova, A. Kalyshenko, G.A. Vertogradova","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2021-2-52-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2021-2-52-58","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To analyze the course of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and efficacy of its treatment in children with HIV infection. Patients and methods. This study included 29 children aged 12 to 17 years (mean age 15.1 ± 0.2 years) with perinatal HIV infection and CHC. HIV stages were distributed as follows: stage 4A in 24 individuals (82.8%), stage 4B in 4 individuals (13.8%), and stage 4B in 1 individual (3.4%). All 29 patients received antiretroviral therapy. The distribution of children by HCV genotypes was as follows: 1a in one child (3.4%), 1b in 12 children (41.4%), and 3a in 16 children (55.2%). Antiviral therapy for CHC included glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (3 tablets; 100 mg + 40 mg) once a day for 56 days. Data analysis was performed using the Statistica for Windows software (version 10.0). Results. The mean HCV RNA level was 595,666 ± 34,734 IU/mL (range: 1,100–3,863,025 IU/mL). After 4, 8, or 12 weeks of antiviral therapy for HCV, HCV RNA clearance was achieved in all study participants (p = 0.01). Before treatment initiation, mean CD4+ count was 738 ± 34 cells/μL (above 500 cells/μL), which indicated the absence of immunodeficiency in the group analyzed. Successful antiviral therapy for HCV (sustained virologic response at week 12; SVR 12) also resulted in increase of the CD4+ lymphocytes level, which was considered as a positive effect of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (p = 0.15). We observed significant differences in the level of liver enzymes (ALT and AST) (p = 0.01) between samples collected before antiviral therapy initiation and those collected during treatment, as well as 12 weeks after its completion (SVR12). All children demonstrated good tolerance of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir; none of them had adverse events, complaints, or clinical/laboratory changes. Conclusion. Thus, all children with HIV infection and CHC achieved SVR12 after the 8-week course of antiviral therapy with glecaprevir/pibrentasvir regardless of HCV genotype. Clinical manifestations (hepatosplenomegaly in 62.1%; asthenovegetative syndrome in 31.0%) were eliminated after 8 weeks of therapy. Laboratory manifestations (hepatic cytolysis (AST/ALT)) were normalized after 4 weeks of therapy. Antiviral treatment for HCV resulted in some increase in the level of CD4+ lymphocytes. We observed no adverse events caused by glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (neither clinical symptoms nor changes in complete blood count or liver function tests), which confirms the safety of this treatment regimen. Key words: antiretroviral therapy, HIV infection, children, direct-acting antivirals, chronic hepatitis C","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67725587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2021-3-78-84
N.S. Markosyan, V. Pavelkina, N. P. Ampleeva, R. Z. Almyasheva, A. A. Erovichenkov
Objective. To analyze clinical and epidemiological characteristics of opisthorchiasis in the Republic of Mordovia. Materials and methods. We have analyzed medical records of 34 patients with opisthorchiasis (6 with acute disease and 28 with chronic disease) treated in the Republican Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases between 2011 and 2020. The diagnosis was confirmed by the detection of eggs of Opisthorchis felineus in their feces by microscopy. Results. The territory of Mordovia is considered endemic for opisthorchiasis. New cases are registered every year, while the incidence is lower than that in Russia. The highest incidence was observed among urban residents over 40 years of age, primarily in women. All patients reported that they ate lightly salted and dried fish (carp) not tested for its safety. Conclusion. Acute opisthorchiasis developed as the hepatocholangitic variant of the disease with fever, intoxication, pain, and jaundice. Chronic opisthorchiasis was characterized by various, but less pronounced gastrointestinal symptoms; general intoxication was less common than in patients with acute disease. Clinical manifestations of allergosis were observed only in patients with chronic infection, whereas its more pronounced laboratory signs were detected in patients with acute opisthorchiasis. Chronic infection was characterized by less significant changes in other laboratory parameters. Praziquantel was used to treat opisthorchiasis. Keywords: diagnosis, clinical manifestations, treatment, opisthorchiasis, acute, chronic, epidemiological analysis
{"title":"Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of opisthorchiasis in the Republic of Mordovia","authors":"N.S. Markosyan, V. Pavelkina, N. P. Ampleeva, R. Z. Almyasheva, A. A. Erovichenkov","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2021-3-78-84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2021-3-78-84","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To analyze clinical and epidemiological characteristics of opisthorchiasis in the Republic of Mordovia. Materials and methods. We have analyzed medical records of 34 patients with opisthorchiasis (6 with acute disease and 28 with chronic disease) treated in the Republican Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases between 2011 and 2020. The diagnosis was confirmed by the detection of eggs of Opisthorchis felineus in their feces by microscopy. Results. The territory of Mordovia is considered endemic for opisthorchiasis. New cases are registered every year, while the incidence is lower than that in Russia. The highest incidence was observed among urban residents over 40 years of age, primarily in women. All patients reported that they ate lightly salted and dried fish (carp) not tested for its safety. Conclusion. Acute opisthorchiasis developed as the hepatocholangitic variant of the disease with fever, intoxication, pain, and jaundice. Chronic opisthorchiasis was characterized by various, but less pronounced gastrointestinal symptoms; general intoxication was less common than in patients with acute disease. Clinical manifestations of allergosis were observed only in patients with chronic infection, whereas its more pronounced laboratory signs were detected in patients with acute opisthorchiasis. Chronic infection was characterized by less significant changes in other laboratory parameters. Praziquantel was used to treat opisthorchiasis. Keywords: diagnosis, clinical manifestations, treatment, opisthorchiasis, acute, chronic, epidemiological analysis","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67725897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2021-3-92-103
I. Chicherin, I. P. Pogorelskiy, E. Kolevatykh, I. Lundovskikh, M. R. Shabalina
Objective. To analyze the relationships between probiotic microorganisms and H. pylori KM-11 (RifR) and evaluate their effect on the structural organization of the pathogen and natural colonization resistance of the stomach both independently and with the metaprebiotic Stimbifid plus using bacteriological methods and electron microscopy. Our findings can be potentially used for effective eradication of H. pylori KM-11 (RifR) and treatment of gastric ulcer in volunteers during metaprebiotic therapy. Materials and methods. The following strains of microorganisms were used in this study: Lactobacillus plantarum 8P-A3, Bifidobacterium bifidum No 1, and Helicobacter pylori, isolated from a biopsy specimen of the pyloric antrum collected from a patient with gastritis. A rifampicin-resistant strain of H. pylori KM-11 (RifR) growing on a solid medium with rifampicin (160 μg∙mL–1) was obtained by spontaneous mutagenesis. H. pylori and H. pylori КМ-11 (RifR) were cultivated on hemin containing solid medium with special nutrients at 37°C in an anaerobic cultivation system. Microorganisms were identified by their morphological assessment and using kits for biochemical identification of bacteria. The relationships between probiotic bacteria and H. pylori KM-11 (RifR) were analyzed using the method of paired cultivation on solid and liquid media. The metaprebiotic Stimbifid plus was used in these experiments. Electron microscopy of all microorganisms was performed using a scanning electron microscope. Data analysis was conducted using the Kerber method modified by I.P. Ashmarin and A.A.Vorobyov. Results. Our in vitro experiments with paired cultivation of L. plantarum 8P-A3 and B. bifidum No.1 with H. pylori КМ-11 (RifR) on solid and liquid media containing Stimbifid plus showed that probiotic microorganisms were bioincompatible with H. pylori, i.e. there was an antagonism between a probiotic strain and a pathogenic microorganism. Stimbifid plus added to the cultivation medium acted as an anti-H. pylori agent; moreover, it promoted the restoration of colonization resistance and was a source of exclusive nutrients for probiotic bacteria. Bacteriological testing and electron microscopy demonstrated that the metabolites produced by L. plantarum 8P-A3 can damage the cell wall of H. pylori КМ-11 (RifR) during their co-cultivation in a liquid medium containig Stimbifid plus. This damage appeared as specific changes on the surface of the cell wall and resulted in the loss of viability. Oral administration of Stimbifid plus in six volunteers with gastric ulcer and concomitant severe dysbiosis (with 4 of them tested positive for H. pylori), ensured not only H. pylori eradication and treatment of gastric ulcer, but also confirmed the efficacy of an experimental dose of Stimbifid plus (3000 mg daily for 14 days). Conclusion. The results of our in vitro experiments with cocultivation of probiotic strains L. plantarum 8P-A3 and B. bifidum No 1 with H. pylori КМ-11 (RifR) o
目标。利用细菌学方法和电子显微镜分析益生菌微生物与幽门螺杆菌KM-11 (RifR)的关系，并评价其对病原菌结构组织和胃自然定植抗性的影响，包括单独的影响和与元益生菌Stimbifid plus的影响。我们的研究结果可能用于有效根除幽门螺杆菌KM-11 (RifR)和治疗胃溃疡的志愿者在元益生菌治疗。材料和方法。本研究使用以下微生物菌株:植物乳杆菌8P-A3，两歧双歧杆菌1号和幽门螺杆菌，从胃炎患者的幽门窦活检标本中分离得到。在含有利福平(160 μg∙mL-1)的固体培养基上，通过自发诱变获得了一株对利福平耐药的幽门螺杆菌KM-11 (RifR)。在37℃厌氧培养系统中，在含血红素的固体培养基上培养幽门螺杆菌和幽门螺杆菌КМ-11 (RifR)。微生物通过形态鉴定和细菌生化鉴定试剂盒进行鉴定。采用固体培养基和液体培养基成对培养的方法，分析了益生菌与幽门螺杆菌KM-11 (RifR)的关系。在这些实验中使用了metaprebiotic Stimbifid plus。用扫描电镜对所有微生物进行电镜观察。数据分析采用I.P. Ashmarin和a.a.w orobyov改进的Kerber方法。结果。我们在含有Stimbifid plus的固体和液体培养基上对L. plantarum 8P-A3和B. bifidum 1与h.p ylori КМ-11 (RifR)配对培养的体外实验表明，益生菌微生物与h.p ylori存在生物不相容，即益生菌菌株与病原微生物之间存在拮抗作用。在培养基中加入刺激菌对h。幽门螺旋菌剂;此外，它还促进了益生菌定植抗性的恢复，是益生菌的独家营养来源。细菌学检测和电镜观察表明，L. plantarum 8P-A3产生的代谢物在含有Stimbifid plus的液体培养基中共同培养时，可以破坏幽门螺杆菌КМ-11 (riff)的细胞壁。这种损伤表现为细胞壁表面的特殊变化，导致生存能力丧失。对6名患有胃溃疡并伴有严重生态失调的志愿者(其中4人幽门螺杆菌检测呈阳性)口服Stimbifid plus，不仅确保了幽门螺杆菌的根除和胃溃疡的治疗，而且证实了实验剂量Stimbifid plus(每天3000毫克，持续14天)的疗效。结论。我们在含有Stimbifid plus的固体和液体培养基上共同培养益生菌L. plantarum 8P-A3和B. bifidum No . 1与幽门螺杆菌КМ-11 (RifR)的体外实验结果，以及口服Stimbifid plus根除幽门螺杆菌和治疗胃溃疡的实验结果表明，这种元益生菌具有巨大的治疗潜力，特别是作为慢性幽门螺杆菌感染和胃溃疡瘢痕形成的治疗方法。我们目前的研究结果和先前在恢复定植抗性、胃黏膜和本地微生物群方面的发现，以及在哺乳动物中清除致病菌的数据表明，Stimbifid plus具有很高的根除潜力，可以作为治疗幽门螺杆菌引起的急性和慢性感染的药物用于临床实践。关键词:幽门螺杆菌，菌群，定植耐药，胃溃疡，根除，元益生菌Stimbifid plus，志愿者
{"title":"First experience with the metaprebiotic Stimbifid plus used for eradication of Helicobacter pylori in patients with gastric ulcer","authors":"I. Chicherin, I. P. Pogorelskiy, E. Kolevatykh, I. Lundovskikh, M. R. Shabalina","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2021-3-92-103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2021-3-92-103","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To analyze the relationships between probiotic microorganisms and H. pylori KM-11 (RifR) and evaluate their effect on the structural organization of the pathogen and natural colonization resistance of the stomach both independently and with the metaprebiotic Stimbifid plus using bacteriological methods and electron microscopy. Our findings can be potentially used for effective eradication of H. pylori KM-11 (RifR) and treatment of gastric ulcer in volunteers during metaprebiotic therapy. Materials and methods. The following strains of microorganisms were used in this study: Lactobacillus plantarum 8P-A3, Bifidobacterium bifidum No 1, and Helicobacter pylori, isolated from a biopsy specimen of the pyloric antrum collected from a patient with gastritis. A rifampicin-resistant strain of H. pylori KM-11 (RifR) growing on a solid medium with rifampicin (160 μg∙mL–1) was obtained by spontaneous mutagenesis. H. pylori and H. pylori КМ-11 (RifR) were cultivated on hemin containing solid medium with special nutrients at 37°C in an anaerobic cultivation system. Microorganisms were identified by their morphological assessment and using kits for biochemical identification of bacteria. The relationships between probiotic bacteria and H. pylori KM-11 (RifR) were analyzed using the method of paired cultivation on solid and liquid media. The metaprebiotic Stimbifid plus was used in these experiments. Electron microscopy of all microorganisms was performed using a scanning electron microscope. Data analysis was conducted using the Kerber method modified by I.P. Ashmarin and A.A.Vorobyov. Results. Our in vitro experiments with paired cultivation of L. plantarum 8P-A3 and B. bifidum No.1 with H. pylori КМ-11 (RifR) on solid and liquid media containing Stimbifid plus showed that probiotic microorganisms were bioincompatible with H. pylori, i.e. there was an antagonism between a probiotic strain and a pathogenic microorganism. Stimbifid plus added to the cultivation medium acted as an anti-H. pylori agent; moreover, it promoted the restoration of colonization resistance and was a source of exclusive nutrients for probiotic bacteria. Bacteriological testing and electron microscopy demonstrated that the metabolites produced by L. plantarum 8P-A3 can damage the cell wall of H. pylori КМ-11 (RifR) during their co-cultivation in a liquid medium containig Stimbifid plus. This damage appeared as specific changes on the surface of the cell wall and resulted in the loss of viability. Oral administration of Stimbifid plus in six volunteers with gastric ulcer and concomitant severe dysbiosis (with 4 of them tested positive for H. pylori), ensured not only H. pylori eradication and treatment of gastric ulcer, but also confirmed the efficacy of an experimental dose of Stimbifid plus (3000 mg daily for 14 days). Conclusion. The results of our in vitro experiments with cocultivation of probiotic strains L. plantarum 8P-A3 and B. bifidum No 1 with H. pylori КМ-11 (RifR) o","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67726521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2021-1-26-32
I. Feldblium, M. Devyatkov, A. Gendler, S. Maltseva, T. M. Repin, V. Nikolenko
Healthcare workers are one of the main risk groups for COVID-19 infection and should be provided priority protection. Objective. To examine the development dynamics and epidemic process manifestations of COVID-19 in healthcare workers as well as to assess the efficacy of intranasal human recombinant interferon alpha-2b (Grippferon®) for emergency medicationassisted nonspecific prevention of novel coronavirus infection. Patients and methods. The incidence of COVID-19 in Perm healthcare workers was examined using official statistical data in the epidemic dynamics. The prophylactic efficacy of Grippferon® was assessed in the analytic cohort prospective study, involving 561 healthcare workers of infectious diseases hospital departments. Results. The incidence rate of COVID-19 among healthcare workers in Perm for the examined period from 09.03.2020 to 06.12.2020 was four times higher, than in the general population. Healthcare workers aged 30–59 years were found to be more likely to develop COVID-19. Physicians had the highest risk of infection compared to other medical professionals. The prophylactic efficacy of Grippferon® was shown to be high in physicians and nurses, who were in contact with COVID-19 patients. Conclusion. Recombinant interferon alpha-2b-based medication Grippferon® can be recommended for emergency prevention of novel coronavirus infection to ensure epidemiological safety of healthcare workers and patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Key words: COVID-19, incidence rate, healthcare workers, recombinant interferon alpha-2b, Grippferon, intranasal use, prevention
{"title":"The efficacy of intranasal recombinant interferon alpha-2b for emergency prevention of COVID-19 in healthcare workers","authors":"I. Feldblium, M. Devyatkov, A. Gendler, S. Maltseva, T. M. Repin, V. Nikolenko","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2021-1-26-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2021-1-26-32","url":null,"abstract":"Healthcare workers are one of the main risk groups for COVID-19 infection and should be provided priority protection. Objective. To examine the development dynamics and epidemic process manifestations of COVID-19 in healthcare workers as well as to assess the efficacy of intranasal human recombinant interferon alpha-2b (Grippferon®) for emergency medicationassisted nonspecific prevention of novel coronavirus infection. Patients and methods. The incidence of COVID-19 in Perm healthcare workers was examined using official statistical data in the epidemic dynamics. The prophylactic efficacy of Grippferon® was assessed in the analytic cohort prospective study, involving 561 healthcare workers of infectious diseases hospital departments. Results. The incidence rate of COVID-19 among healthcare workers in Perm for the examined period from 09.03.2020 to 06.12.2020 was four times higher, than in the general population. Healthcare workers aged 30–59 years were found to be more likely to develop COVID-19. Physicians had the highest risk of infection compared to other medical professionals. The prophylactic efficacy of Grippferon® was shown to be high in physicians and nurses, who were in contact with COVID-19 patients. Conclusion. Recombinant interferon alpha-2b-based medication Grippferon® can be recommended for emergency prevention of novel coronavirus infection to ensure epidemiological safety of healthcare workers and patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Key words: COVID-19, incidence rate, healthcare workers, recombinant interferon alpha-2b, Grippferon, intranasal use, prevention","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67723777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2021-2-16-26
V. Gorodin, D. Moysova, S. V. Zotov, A. A. Vanyukov, A. A. Podsadnyaya, Y. Tikhonenko
Objective. To analyze polymorphisms of genes involved in hemostasis among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) to improve the diagnosis of coagulopathy and prognosis of COVID-19 severity. Patients and methods. We have examined 52 patients with COVID-19 aged 33 to 84 years. Of them, 30 individuals (Group 1) were hospitalized with extremely severe (1A) and severe (1B) disease, whereas 22 patients with mild and asymptomatic disease were treated in outpatient departments (group 2). We assessed allelic variants of genes associated with hemostasis dysfunction (including FGB, FII, FV, FVII, F13A1, PAI-I, Gp1a, and Gp3a) using genomic DNA isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes. Polymorphisms were detected by polymerase chain reaction. Data analysis was performed using the Statistica, version 12 (StatSoft, USA). To compare independent categorical variables, we constructed contingency tables, performed Pearson chisquare test with Yates correction, Fisher exact test, and calculated relative risk (RR) [CI]. Results. COVID-induced coagulopathy (CAC) was diagnosed in 16.7% of patients; risk of CAC was identified in 30% of patients; sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC) was observed in 3.3% of patients; none of study participants had disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Hemostasis impairments were more common in group 1A (RR = 2.28 [1.16–4.48]). Only patients from Group 1 had mutations in the gene encoding prothrombin (FII) –6.9% (RR = 1.78 [1.40–2.28]); protective polymorphisms in the FVII gene were more common in patients from Group 2 (χ2 = 3.28, р = 0.046); the rs 5985 polymorphism in the F13A1 gene was more common in patients from Group 1 (RR = 1.73 [1.06–2.82]). Patients with extremely severe COVID- 19 were more likely to have polymorphisms in the Gp1a gene (ITGA2) (RR =1.64 [1.05–2.56]) and F13A1 gene (χ2 = 2.67, р = 0.05), as well as homozygous mutation in the FII gene; they had no polymorphisms in the FVII gene (10976G→A). Thrombophilia, detected in 3 patients from Group 1, was a risk factor for thrombocytopenia (RR = 13.5 [3.56–51.23]), САС (RR = 9.0 [3.1–26.16]), and death (n = 4). The 4G allele (4G/4G, 4G/5G variants) in the PAI-I gene (rs 1799889), causing impaired fibrinolysis, was more frequently registered in patients with mild COVID-19 (91%) than in those with extremely severe COVID-19 (70%). It is possible that patients with extremely severe disease develop transient hyperfibrinolysis, which results in the transformation of local pulmonary COVID-19 into sepsis. Therefore, the 4G/4G and 4G/5G polymorphisms may have a protective role. Key words: hemostasis, COVID-19, polymorphism, genetics, COVID-induced coagulopathy
{"title":"Role of polymorphisms of genes involved in hemostasis in COVID-19 pathogenesis","authors":"V. Gorodin, D. Moysova, S. V. Zotov, A. A. Vanyukov, A. A. Podsadnyaya, Y. Tikhonenko","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2021-2-16-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2021-2-16-26","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To analyze polymorphisms of genes involved in hemostasis among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) to improve the diagnosis of coagulopathy and prognosis of COVID-19 severity. Patients and methods. We have examined 52 patients with COVID-19 aged 33 to 84 years. Of them, 30 individuals (Group 1) were hospitalized with extremely severe (1A) and severe (1B) disease, whereas 22 patients with mild and asymptomatic disease were treated in outpatient departments (group 2). We assessed allelic variants of genes associated with hemostasis dysfunction (including FGB, FII, FV, FVII, F13A1, PAI-I, Gp1a, and Gp3a) using genomic DNA isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes. Polymorphisms were detected by polymerase chain reaction. Data analysis was performed using the Statistica, version 12 (StatSoft, USA). To compare independent categorical variables, we constructed contingency tables, performed Pearson chisquare test with Yates correction, Fisher exact test, and calculated relative risk (RR) [CI]. Results. COVID-induced coagulopathy (CAC) was diagnosed in 16.7% of patients; risk of CAC was identified in 30% of patients; sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC) was observed in 3.3% of patients; none of study participants had disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Hemostasis impairments were more common in group 1A (RR = 2.28 [1.16–4.48]). Only patients from Group 1 had mutations in the gene encoding prothrombin (FII) –6.9% (RR = 1.78 [1.40–2.28]); protective polymorphisms in the FVII gene were more common in patients from Group 2 (χ2 = 3.28, р = 0.046); the rs 5985 polymorphism in the F13A1 gene was more common in patients from Group 1 (RR = 1.73 [1.06–2.82]). Patients with extremely severe COVID- 19 were more likely to have polymorphisms in the Gp1a gene (ITGA2) (RR =1.64 [1.05–2.56]) and F13A1 gene (χ2 = 2.67, р = 0.05), as well as homozygous mutation in the FII gene; they had no polymorphisms in the FVII gene (10976G→A). Thrombophilia, detected in 3 patients from Group 1, was a risk factor for thrombocytopenia (RR = 13.5 [3.56–51.23]), САС (RR = 9.0 [3.1–26.16]), and death (n = 4). The 4G allele (4G/4G, 4G/5G variants) in the PAI-I gene (rs 1799889), causing impaired fibrinolysis, was more frequently registered in patients with mild COVID-19 (91%) than in those with extremely severe COVID-19 (70%). It is possible that patients with extremely severe disease develop transient hyperfibrinolysis, which results in the transformation of local pulmonary COVID-19 into sepsis. Therefore, the 4G/4G and 4G/5G polymorphisms may have a protective role. Key words: hemostasis, COVID-19, polymorphism, genetics, COVID-induced coagulopathy","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67724748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2021-2-83-94
N. Skripchenko, G. Ivanova, E. Skripchenko, A. Vilnitz, E. Gorelik
Immunostimulants are drugs that increase the effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy, improve outcomes, and participate in the process of repairing damaged tissues. Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of the inclusion of immunostimulants in the therapy of early and late neuroborreliosis (NB) in children: glucosaminylmuramyldipeptide (Licopid), recombinant interferon α-2b in combination with antioxidants vitamins E and C (Viferon®) and recombinant interleukin-2 (Roncoleukin). Patients and methods. Forty-two patients with NB aged 2–17 years were examined and received therapy. The diagnosis included clinical-epidemiological and laboratory-etiological methods (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR)) for Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. (Bb). Electroneuromyography was performed in early NB, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and spinal cord was performed in late NB. The main group included children with early NB (n = 13) who received 1 mg of Licopid orally and Viferon® rectal suppositories 150,000 or 500,000 IU (depending on age) twice a day for 10 days. In late NB, children in the main group (n =1 2) received drip intravenous injection of Roncoleukin №3 at a dosage of 0.5 mg for 3 days. The comparison groups included 9 children with early NB and 8 children with late NB who received antimicrobial and pathogenetic therapy without immunostimulants. Results. In early NB (n = 22), children with aseptic meningitis and Bannwarth syndrome were observed, and in late NB (n = 20) – children with leukoencephalitis and disseminated encephalomyelitis. The prescription of Licopid and Viferon® ensured the eradication of Bb in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by PCR results and led to the complete recovery of facial and peripheral nerve function in all cases, whereas in the comparison group, in 11.1% (n = 1), Bb remained in CSF on day 15, and after 6 months, a neurological deficit was detected in 2 (40%) of 5 children with Bannwarth syndrome: in the form of facial muscle contraction (n = 1) and polyneuropathy (n = 1). In late NB, the presription of Roncoleukin reduced the duration of bed days (by an average of 13 days) and mean neurological deficit on the EDSS scale after 1, 6 and 12 months. After 1 year, ¼ of children had complete regression of foci on MRI, and 41.6% (n = 5) had regression of both foci and clinical symptoms. During the year, there were no exacerbations, and CSF PCR was negative. In the comparison group, 3 (37.5%) children had clinical and/or radiation exacerbation. Conclusion. The inclusion of immunostimulants (Licopid, Viferon®) in therapy in early NB and the drug Roncoleukin in late NB accelerates the eradication of Borrelia, reduces neurological deficit, avoids exacerbations, progression of infection and repeated courses of antibiotics. Key words: neuroborreliosis, immunotherapy, Licopid, Viferon, Roncoleukin, children
{"title":"Analysis of the effectiveness of immunotherapy for early and late neuroborreliosis in children","authors":"N. Skripchenko, G. Ivanova, E. Skripchenko, A. Vilnitz, E. Gorelik","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2021-2-83-94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2021-2-83-94","url":null,"abstract":"Immunostimulants are drugs that increase the effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy, improve outcomes, and participate in the process of repairing damaged tissues. Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of the inclusion of immunostimulants in the therapy of early and late neuroborreliosis (NB) in children: glucosaminylmuramyldipeptide (Licopid), recombinant interferon α-2b in combination with antioxidants vitamins E and C (Viferon®) and recombinant interleukin-2 (Roncoleukin). Patients and methods. Forty-two patients with NB aged 2–17 years were examined and received therapy. The diagnosis included clinical-epidemiological and laboratory-etiological methods (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR)) for Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. (Bb). Electroneuromyography was performed in early NB, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and spinal cord was performed in late NB. The main group included children with early NB (n = 13) who received 1 mg of Licopid orally and Viferon® rectal suppositories 150,000 or 500,000 IU (depending on age) twice a day for 10 days. In late NB, children in the main group (n =1 2) received drip intravenous injection of Roncoleukin №3 at a dosage of 0.5 mg for 3 days. The comparison groups included 9 children with early NB and 8 children with late NB who received antimicrobial and pathogenetic therapy without immunostimulants. Results. In early NB (n = 22), children with aseptic meningitis and Bannwarth syndrome were observed, and in late NB (n = 20) – children with leukoencephalitis and disseminated encephalomyelitis. The prescription of Licopid and Viferon® ensured the eradication of Bb in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by PCR results and led to the complete recovery of facial and peripheral nerve function in all cases, whereas in the comparison group, in 11.1% (n = 1), Bb remained in CSF on day 15, and after 6 months, a neurological deficit was detected in 2 (40%) of 5 children with Bannwarth syndrome: in the form of facial muscle contraction (n = 1) and polyneuropathy (n = 1). In late NB, the presription of Roncoleukin reduced the duration of bed days (by an average of 13 days) and mean neurological deficit on the EDSS scale after 1, 6 and 12 months. After 1 year, ¼ of children had complete regression of foci on MRI, and 41.6% (n = 5) had regression of both foci and clinical symptoms. During the year, there were no exacerbations, and CSF PCR was negative. In the comparison group, 3 (37.5%) children had clinical and/or radiation exacerbation. Conclusion. The inclusion of immunostimulants (Licopid, Viferon®) in therapy in early NB and the drug Roncoleukin in late NB accelerates the eradication of Borrelia, reduces neurological deficit, avoids exacerbations, progression of infection and repeated courses of antibiotics. Key words: neuroborreliosis, immunotherapy, Licopid, Viferon, Roncoleukin, children","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67725416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2021-3-123-132
O.V. Morozovа, T. Ospelnikova, A. Leonova, O. A. Svitich
During respiratory infections caused by RNA-containing viruses, double-stranded (ds) replicative forms bind with specific receptors in the endosomes and cytosol of infected cells. Therefore, the induction of gene expression of early cytokines occurs faster and more efficiently dsRNA. Induction of innate and specific adaptive immunity usually provides complete eradication of extracellular virions and infected cells without chronic infection and risk of recombination between viral RNA and host cell chromosomes due to absence of DNA copies of the virus genomes. However, this increases the risk of a cytokine storm with pathological disorders of defense systems. Mutual adaptation of viruses and their hosts includes interaction of viral antigens with host cytokines or corresponding receptors that results in disturbances of the fist line of host defense and infection progression. Key words: innate immunity, adaptive immunity, cytokines, interferons, RNA-containing viruses, influenza virus, coronavirus SARS-CoV-2
{"title":"Features of innate and adaptive immunity for infections with rna-containing respiratory viruses","authors":"O.V. Morozovа, T. Ospelnikova, A. Leonova, O. A. Svitich","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2021-3-123-132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2021-3-123-132","url":null,"abstract":"During respiratory infections caused by RNA-containing viruses, double-stranded (ds) replicative forms bind with specific receptors in the endosomes and cytosol of infected cells. Therefore, the induction of gene expression of early cytokines occurs faster and more efficiently dsRNA. Induction of innate and specific adaptive immunity usually provides complete eradication of extracellular virions and infected cells without chronic infection and risk of recombination between viral RNA and host cell chromosomes due to absence of DNA copies of the virus genomes. However, this increases the risk of a cytokine storm with pathological disorders of defense systems. Mutual adaptation of viruses and their hosts includes interaction of viral antigens with host cytokines or corresponding receptors that results in disturbances of the fist line of host defense and infection progression. Key words: innate immunity, adaptive immunity, cytokines, interferons, RNA-containing viruses, influenza virus, coronavirus SARS-CoV-2","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67726120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2021-1-16-25
A. Mordyk, O. G. Ivanova, K. Samsonov, S. V. Sitnikova, L. Zenkova, Omsk Russian Federation Clinical Tuberculosis Dispensary No
Objective. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of human recombinant interferon alpha-2b (VIFERON®) as a part of comprehensive treatment for coronavirus infection COVID-19. Patients and methods. This prospective, comparative, controlled study included 140 patients with COVID-19 randomized in two groups. The experimental group (EG) included 70 patients who received standard therapy plus VIFERON® (one rectal suppository 3,000,000 IU three times a day and gel 36,000 IU/g 5 times a day applied to the nasal mucosa and palatine tonsils for 14 days); the control group (CG) comprised 70 patients who received standard therapy alone. Results. Patients in the EG demonstrated more rapid resolution of main symptoms, such as intoxication, bronchopulmonary and catarrhal manifestations. Normalization of the total score in the EG was observed 7 days earlier than in the CG. In the EG, the proportions of patients who had their D-dimer and CRP levels normalized were 42.7% and 18.7% higher than those in the CG, respectively (р < 0.05). Follow-up computed tomography demonstrated that the proportion of patients with positive dynamics in the EG was 8.1% higher than that among controls, whereas advanced disease with 51%–75% of lung tissue affected was 11.9% less common in participants from the EG than in controls (р = 0.019). We observed no adverse events associated with interferon alpha-2b (VIFERON®) or other medicines included in the treatment scheme. Conclusion. Our findings suggest high efficacy and safety of recombinant interferon alpha-2b (VIFERON®) used in combination with symptomatic agents, antibiotics, anticoagulants, which allows us to recommend this drug for inclusion into standard treatment schemes for COVID-19. Key words: COVID-19, coronavirus infection, human recombinant interferon alpha-2b
{"title":"Interferon alpha-2b in comprehensive treatment of patients with COVID-19","authors":"A. Mordyk, O. G. Ivanova, K. Samsonov, S. V. Sitnikova, L. Zenkova, Omsk Russian Federation Clinical Tuberculosis Dispensary No","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2021-1-16-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2021-1-16-25","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of human recombinant interferon alpha-2b (VIFERON®) as a part of comprehensive treatment for coronavirus infection COVID-19. Patients and methods. This prospective, comparative, controlled study included 140 patients with COVID-19 randomized in two groups. The experimental group (EG) included 70 patients who received standard therapy plus VIFERON® (one rectal suppository 3,000,000 IU three times a day and gel 36,000 IU/g 5 times a day applied to the nasal mucosa and palatine tonsils for 14 days); the control group (CG) comprised 70 patients who received standard therapy alone. Results. Patients in the EG demonstrated more rapid resolution of main symptoms, such as intoxication, bronchopulmonary and catarrhal manifestations. Normalization of the total score in the EG was observed 7 days earlier than in the CG. In the EG, the proportions of patients who had their D-dimer and CRP levels normalized were 42.7% and 18.7% higher than those in the CG, respectively (р < 0.05). Follow-up computed tomography demonstrated that the proportion of patients with positive dynamics in the EG was 8.1% higher than that among controls, whereas advanced disease with 51%–75% of lung tissue affected was 11.9% less common in participants from the EG than in controls (р = 0.019). We observed no adverse events associated with interferon alpha-2b (VIFERON®) or other medicines included in the treatment scheme. Conclusion. Our findings suggest high efficacy and safety of recombinant interferon alpha-2b (VIFERON®) used in combination with symptomatic agents, antibiotics, anticoagulants, which allows us to recommend this drug for inclusion into standard treatment schemes for COVID-19. Key words: COVID-19, coronavirus infection, human recombinant interferon alpha-2b","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67724228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2021-3-109-115
V. Maleev, S.M. Vedinov, V. Gorodin
There have been very few studies analyzing neuropsychiatric aspects of COVID-19 and the impact of somatic aspects of infection on the development of transient or persistent deficits in higher cerebral functions. This is primarily due to the small number of specialists in neuropsychiatry who work with COVID-19 patients and also because the healthcare system is primarily focused on the diagnosis and treatment of the somatic pathology. In this review, we analyzed the studies assessing the neuropsychiatric aspects of COVID-19 with a focus on possible somatic predictors of their development. We discuss neuropsychiatric manifestations of cerebral dysfunction in patients with new coronavirus infection and provide a description of the dynamics of symptom development and regression. We also cover the issues related to stress resistance of healthcare professionals working with COVID-19 patients. Particular attention is paid to the treatment of COVID-associated cerebral dysfunction and therapeutic options of neuroprotection. Key words: new coronavirus infection, COVID-19, delirium, postcovid neuropsychiatric syndrome, cognitive deficit, suicidal tendencies, encephalopathy
{"title":"Current concept of cerebral dysfunction in COVID-19 patients","authors":"V. Maleev, S.M. Vedinov, V. Gorodin","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2021-3-109-115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2021-3-109-115","url":null,"abstract":"There have been very few studies analyzing neuropsychiatric aspects of COVID-19 and the impact of somatic aspects of infection on the development of transient or persistent deficits in higher cerebral functions. This is primarily due to the small number of specialists in neuropsychiatry who work with COVID-19 patients and also because the healthcare system is primarily focused on the diagnosis and treatment of the somatic pathology. In this review, we analyzed the studies assessing the neuropsychiatric aspects of COVID-19 with a focus on possible somatic predictors of their development. We discuss neuropsychiatric manifestations of cerebral dysfunction in patients with new coronavirus infection and provide a description of the dynamics of symptom development and regression. We also cover the issues related to stress resistance of healthcare professionals working with COVID-19 patients. Particular attention is paid to the treatment of COVID-associated cerebral dysfunction and therapeutic options of neuroprotection. Key words: new coronavirus infection, COVID-19, delirium, postcovid neuropsychiatric syndrome, cognitive deficit, suicidal tendencies, encephalopathy","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67725642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20953/1729-9225-2021-3-133-138
V. Akimkin, A. V. Tutelyan, N. I. Shulakova, E. Voronin
In this article, we analyzed the problems associated with increasing antibiotic resistance, irrational use of antibiotics, and inadequate demand for them during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective. Using the method of digital epidemiology, we analyzed the dynamics of the frequency of a specific request for antibiotics in pharmacies and hospitals. We used open data from Yandex (Wordstat.Yandex) and Google (Google Trends) collected on weekly basis for the Russian Federation. Results. The World Health Organization reports a growing problem of antibiotic misuse by some individuals and healthcare institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Extensive irrational use of antibiotics causes the development of antibiotic resistance by many microorganisms, including those circulating in hospitals (for example, ESKAPE group). Moreover, COVID-19 has led to an exponential increase in the use of biocides worldwide, potentially resulting in additional indirect pressure promoting the selection of antibiotic-resistant strains. The pandemic in Russia was marked by a significant increase in antibiotic sales in pharmacies (including systemic antibacterial agents) and purchases by healthcare institutions. Conclusion. Our findings demonstrate that the rapid spread of COVID-19 was associated with extensive consumption of antibiotics, which resulted in growing antibacterial resistance (number of circulating drug-resistant strains) and posed a threat to the national security. The COVID-19 necessitates the discovery of new effective treatments for this infection, as well as rational use of antimicrobial drugs. The implementation of surveillance of antibiotic consumption will help to identify changing trends in their use, combine efforts to solve problems related to antibiotics and drug resistance, and to ensure rational use of antimicrobials. Key words: antibiotics, antibiotic resistance, pandemic, COVID-19, digital epidemiology
{"title":"COVID-19 pandemic: a new round of antibiotic resistance","authors":"V. Akimkin, A. V. Tutelyan, N. I. Shulakova, E. Voronin","doi":"10.20953/1729-9225-2021-3-133-138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2021-3-133-138","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we analyzed the problems associated with increasing antibiotic resistance, irrational use of antibiotics, and inadequate demand for them during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective. Using the method of digital epidemiology, we analyzed the dynamics of the frequency of a specific request for antibiotics in pharmacies and hospitals. We used open data from Yandex (Wordstat.Yandex) and Google (Google Trends) collected on weekly basis for the Russian Federation. Results. The World Health Organization reports a growing problem of antibiotic misuse by some individuals and healthcare institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Extensive irrational use of antibiotics causes the development of antibiotic resistance by many microorganisms, including those circulating in hospitals (for example, ESKAPE group). Moreover, COVID-19 has led to an exponential increase in the use of biocides worldwide, potentially resulting in additional indirect pressure promoting the selection of antibiotic-resistant strains. The pandemic in Russia was marked by a significant increase in antibiotic sales in pharmacies (including systemic antibacterial agents) and purchases by healthcare institutions. Conclusion. Our findings demonstrate that the rapid spread of COVID-19 was associated with extensive consumption of antibiotics, which resulted in growing antibacterial resistance (number of circulating drug-resistant strains) and posed a threat to the national security. The COVID-19 necessitates the discovery of new effective treatments for this infection, as well as rational use of antimicrobial drugs. The implementation of surveillance of antibiotic consumption will help to identify changing trends in their use, combine efforts to solve problems related to antibiotics and drug resistance, and to ensure rational use of antimicrobials. Key words: antibiotics, antibiotic resistance, pandemic, COVID-19, digital epidemiology","PeriodicalId":37794,"journal":{"name":"Infektsionnye Bolezni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67725736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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