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Challenges in technology infusion: Adapting best practices from the private sector 技术注入的挑战:适应私营部门的最佳做法
Pub Date : 2010-03-06 DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2010.5446754
A. Belz
Strategic technology roadmap exercises typically identify technology gaps and determine resource needs. In practice, closing the gaps is remarkably difficult. Internal development efforts sometimes flounder, and small businesses have experienced limited success in becoming vendors. Unfortunately, the financial crisis of 2008 has intensified the problem, forcing a shrinking venture capital industry to avoid aerospace technologies. Federal investment in small business technology development will likely increase, with no guarantee of improved returns. The need for effective technology transfer has grown as NASA's priorities have moved from commercializing internal development to introducing external innovations, but success seems elusive. On the other hand, many companies in the private sector excel at accelerating innovation. This document describes the funding environment for small businesses, identifies selected best practices in the private sector, and synthesizes them into recommendations for improved technology transfer from internal and external development sources.1 2
战略技术路线图练习通常识别技术差距并确定资源需求。在实践中,缩小差距是非常困难的。内部开发工作有时会陷入困境,小型企业在成为供应商方面取得了有限的成功。不幸的是,2008年的金融危机加剧了这个问题,迫使萎缩的风险投资行业回避航空航天技术。联邦政府对小型企业技术开发的投资可能会增加,但不能保证回报会有所提高。随着NASA的优先事项从内部开发商业化转向引入外部创新,对有效技术转让的需求也在增长,但成功似乎难以捉摸。另一方面,私营部门的许多公司在加速创新方面表现出色。本文件描述了小企业的筹资环境,确定了私营部门选定的最佳做法,并将其综合为改进来自内部和外部发展来源的技术转让的建议。1 2
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引用次数: 2
Using NuSTAR mission operations software for instrument and spacecraft development 使用NuSTAR任务操作软件进行仪器和航天器开发
Pub Date : 2010-03-06 DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2010.5446857
W. Marchant, M. Bester, Mark Lewis, B. Roberts
NuSTAR, a NASA Small Explorer mission, is a high-energy astrophysics observatory targeted for an early 2012 launch into a low-inclination, low-Earth orbit. The science instrument is a focusing X-ray telescope developed by Caltech. Mission operations are conducted at Space Sciences Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley, and science operations at Caltech. Integrated software systems provided by the mission operations team support all phases of NuSTAR instrument and spacecraft development, observatory integration, and environmental testing. Required simulators, prototype modules, and flight and ground systems interfaces are introduced into the development and test environment early in the project to closely match to on-orbit operations. This test-like-you-fly philosophy demands foresight and disciplined development at the earliest stages of project, but reduces cost and risk throughout the project life cycle by streamlining workflows and preventing interface problems at later stages. It also provides an excellent training environment and essentially guarantees a smooth transition to on-orbit operations. This paper reports on the progress and first successes of the NuSTAR team with the taken approach. 1 2
NuSTAR是美国宇航局的一项小型探测任务,是一个高能天体物理观测站,计划于2012年初发射到低倾角、近地轨道。科学仪器是由加州理工学院开发的聚焦x射线望远镜。任务操作在加州大学伯克利分校的空间科学实验室进行,科学操作在加州理工学院进行。任务操作团队提供的集成软件系统支持NuSTAR仪器和航天器开发、天文台集成和环境测试的所有阶段。所需的模拟器、原型模块以及飞行和地面系统接口被引入到项目早期的开发和测试环境中,以紧密匹配在轨操作。这种“像你飞一样测试”的哲学要求在项目的早期阶段有远见和有纪律的开发,但是在后期阶段通过流线型工作流程和防止接口问题来降低整个项目生命周期的成本和风险。它还提供了一个良好的训练环境,基本上保证了向在轨操作的平稳过渡。本文报告了采用该方法的NuSTAR团队的进展和首次成功。1 2
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引用次数: 0
Event driven mixed signal modeling techniques for System-in-Package functional verification 用于系统级包功能验证的事件驱动混合信号建模技术
Pub Date : 2010-03-06 DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2010.5446659
C. Webber, J. Holmes, M. Francis, R. Berger, A. Mantooth, A. Arthurs, Kimberly Cornett, J. Cressler
Developing complex mixed-signal System-in-Package (SiP) chip-sets or Systems-on-Chip (SoC) typically involves parallel analog and digital IC development, where verification engineers can expect to encounter disconnects between the design automation flows, user proficiencies, and IC release cycles. Verifying the SiP chip-set prior to manufacturing is the key milestone where these disconnects are resolved. Presented is a unique modeling, simulation and verification method which bridges these gaps much earlier in the design process. As an illustrative example the verification of a complex SiP for space applications is presented.12
开发复杂的混合信号系统级封装(SiP)芯片组或片上系统(SoC)通常涉及并行模拟和数字IC开发,验证工程师可能会遇到设计自动化流程、用户熟练程度和IC发布周期之间的脱节。在制造之前验证SiP芯片组是解决这些断开的关键里程碑。提出了一种独特的建模、仿真和验证方法,在设计过程中更早地弥合了这些差距。作为一个说明性的例子,提出了一个用于空间应用的复杂SiP的验证
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引用次数: 5
Development of efficient and cost-effective spacecraft structures based on honeycomb panel assemblies 基于蜂窝板组件的高效经济航天器结构的开发
Pub Date : 2010-03-06 DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2010.5446748
G. Bianchi, G. Aglietti, G. Richardson
Due to their high strength to weight ratio and stiffness to weight ratio the use of honeycomb panels is particularly attractive in spacecraft structures. Honeycomb panels are often used in secondary satellite structures such as equipment platforms and solar arrays, but they can also be used as part of the primary structure of a satellite. Indeed honeycomb panel assemblies can be, and are, used to produce efficient and cost-effective primary structures. These types of structures have been used for some time for numerous satellites; however, their development still poses some challenges ranging from the structural performance of the panels themselves to the problem of connecting them to other panels or structural elements. These challenges are faced each time a new satellite is being developed adding cost to the design process. Furthermore, often due to strict timescales in the development process, some of the uncertainties which naturally arise from these challenges cannot always be completely addressed. To compensate for this, conservative design approaches often need to be taken with the ultimate effect of lowering the efficiency of the structure's final design. To meet these challenges and provide a better knowledge base for future satellite development projects a number of research activities have been, and are still, under way at the University of Southampton. The aim of this paper is to describe these research activities and present the key results. 1 2
由于其高强度重量比和刚度重量比,蜂窝板在航天器结构中的应用特别有吸引力。蜂窝板通常用于二次卫星结构,如设备平台和太阳能电池阵列,但它们也可以用作卫星主要结构的一部分。事实上,蜂窝板组件可以并且已经被用于生产高效且具有成本效益的初级结构。这些类型的结构已经在许多卫星上使用了一段时间;然而,它们的发展仍然面临着一些挑战,从面板本身的结构性能到连接到其他面板或结构元件的问题。每次开发新卫星时都会面临这些挑战,增加了设计过程的成本。此外,通常由于开发过程中严格的时间尺度,这些挑战自然产生的一些不确定性并不总是能够完全解决。为了弥补这一点,通常需要采取保守的设计方法,最终的结果是降低了结构最终设计的效率。为了迎接这些挑战并为未来的卫星发展项目提供更好的知识基础,南安普敦大学已经并仍在进行一些研究活动。本文的目的是描述这些研究活动,并提出关键成果。1 2
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引用次数: 10
Dynamic Wireless Sensor Network parameters optimization adapting different node mobility 适应不同节点移动性的动态无线传感器网络参数优化
Pub Date : 2010-03-06 DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2010.5446674
Wei Li, Jiuqiang Han
Topology change is the main factor which is affecting the network life time of Wireless Sensor Network applications. In normal WSNs with stationary nodes, the topology change is often caused by node failure which is due to energy depletion. However, in the mobile Wireless Senor Network, the main reason of the topology change is caused by the node movement. Sensor nodes in the network may move in any patterns, and different mobility patterns have various influences on the network life time. In this paper, through extensive simulations on different routing protocols with different mobility patterns, we evaluated the impact first, and then analyzed the reasons, in the end we proposed a dynamic parameters optimization method for the mobile Wireless Sensor Network.12
在无线传感器网络应用中,拓扑变化是影响网络寿命的主要因素。在具有固定节点的普通wsn中,由于能量消耗导致的节点故障往往会引起拓扑变化。而在移动无线传感器网络中,节点移动是导致拓扑变化的主要原因。网络中的传感器节点可以以任意方式移动,不同的移动方式对网络的生命周期有不同的影响。本文通过对具有不同移动模式的不同路由协议的大量仿真,首先评估了影响,然后分析了影响原因,最后提出了一种移动无线传感器网络的动态参数优化方法
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引用次数: 8
Wavefront sensor performance in strong turbulence with an extended beacon 带扩展信标的强湍流波前传感器性能
Pub Date : 2010-03-06 DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2010.5446715
T. Ellis, Jason D. Schmidt
Adaptive optics (AO) systems on airborne platforms must be able to sense fields degraded by strong turbulence such as that associated with long horizontal propagation paths. The self-referencing interferometer (SRI) is a wavefront sensor that has been shown to be insensitive to scintillation. However, the limitations of the SRI have not been fully examined for extended beacons, which may have an angular extent larger than the isoplanatic angle of the atmosphere. This work presents results of computer simulations that examine the open-loop performance of an SRI wavefront sensor using an extended beacon and compares this performance with that of a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor.
机载平台上的自适应光学(AO)系统必须能够感知由强湍流(如与长水平传播路径相关的湍流)引起的场退化。自参考干涉仪(SRI)是一种波前传感器,已被证明对闪烁不敏感。然而,对于可能具有比大气等平面角更大的角度范围的扩展信标,SRI的局限性尚未得到充分研究。本工作展示了使用扩展信标检查SRI波前传感器开环性能的计算机模拟结果,并将其性能与Shack-Hartmann波前传感器的性能进行了比较。
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引用次数: 6
Symbolic time series analysis based health condition forecasting in complex electronic systems 基于符号时间序列分析的复杂电子系统健康状态预测
Pub Date : 2010-03-06 DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2010.5446833
M. Azam, S. Ghoshal, S. Dixit, M. Pecht
A major issue in system health forecasting emanates from the necessity of transforming instantaneous (fast time scale) health condition and/or performance related observations into slow time-scale estimates. Slow time-scale transformation refers to aggregation of information from observations within a time interval, and assigning a representative state or symbol to the whole interval. The sequence of such symbols can be used to track and forecast system performance/health condition in a reliable way. Symbolic time series analysis (STSA) that employs an entropy maximization approach towards observation partitioning and symbol assignment has been proven quite useful for this purpose. This paper presents an STSA based approach for forecasting performance/health conditions of complex electronic systems using outlier removal and information fusion based pre-processing, and non-linear dynamic Markov model-based post-processing schemes. The dynamic Markov model computes the probability of observing a word that is present in symbolic time series. The probability of transition from one state to another is estimated by traversing through the symbolic series transition probabilities. Thereby, a discrete state transition model is obtained that can serve as the estimator of a system's behavior (in terms of health or performance) over time. An advantage of Markov model is that it extends naturally to forecast the performance/health states and estimates the Remaining Useful Life (RUL). Under this work, a STSA-based forecasting scheme was developed and validated on a set of automotive GPS1,2.
系统健康预测的一个主要问题源于将瞬时(快速时间尺度)健康状况和/或与性能相关的观察结果转换为慢时间尺度估计的必要性。慢时标变换是指在一个时间区间内对观测信息进行聚合,并在整个时间区间内指定一个具有代表性的状态或符号。这些符号的序列可用于可靠地跟踪和预测系统性能/健康状况。符号时间序列分析(STSA)采用熵最大化方法对观测分区和符号分配已被证明是非常有用的。本文提出了一种基于STSA的复杂电子系统性能/健康状况预测方法,该方法采用基于离群值去除和信息融合的预处理和基于非线性动态马尔可夫模型的后处理方案。动态马尔可夫模型计算观察到符号时间序列中存在的单词的概率。通过遍历转换概率符号序列来估计从一种状态到另一种状态的转换概率。因此,可以获得一个离散状态转换模型,它可以作为系统行为(就健康或性能而言)随时间变化的估计器。马尔可夫模型的一个优点是它可以自然地扩展到预测性能/健康状态和估计剩余使用寿命(RUL)。在此基础上,开发了一种基于stsa的预测方案,并在一组汽车GPS1、2上进行了验证。
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引用次数: 1
Helicopter-based wildfire monitoring system software architecture 基于直升机的野火监测系统软件架构
Pub Date : 2010-03-06 DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2010.5446807
E. Pastor, Marc Solé, Juan López, P. Royo, C. Barrado
This work introduces a flexible and reusable architecture designed to facilitate the development of remote sensing applications. Based on it, we are developing a helicopter system, called Red-Eye, devoted to the detection, control and analysis of wild land forest fires in the Mediterranean area. The design of the proposed system is composed of five main components. Each component will work collaboratively to constitute a platform of high added value. The general architecture designed for wildfire monitoring is being tailored for two relevant objectives within the particular Mediterranean scenario: tactical day/night fire front evolution, and post-fire hot-spot detection.
这项工作引入了一个灵活和可重用的架构,旨在促进遥感应用的发展。在此基础上,我们正在开发一种名为“红眼”的直升机系统,专门用于探测、控制和分析地中海地区的野外森林火灾。本系统的设计主要由五个部分组成。每个组件将协同工作,构成一个高附加值的平台。为野火监测设计的通用架构正在为地中海特定情景中的两个相关目标量身定制:战术日/夜火锋演变和火灾后热点探测。
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引用次数: 5
Cassini Main Engine Assembly cover flight management and performance 卡西尼号主发动机总成涵盖飞行管理和性能
Pub Date : 2010-03-06 DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2010.5446846
Ruwan P. Somawardhana, J. Millard
The Cassini spacecraft has performed its four year Prime Mission at Saturn and is currently in orbit at Saturn performing a two year extended mission. 12Its main engine nozzles are susceptible to impact damage from micrometeoroids and on-orbit dust. The spacecraft has an articulating device known as the Main Engine Assembly (MEA) cover which can close and shield the main engines from these threats. The cover opens to allow for main engine burns that are necessary to maintain the trajectory. Periodically updated analyses of potential on-orbit dust hazard threats have resulted in the need to continue to use the MEA cover beyond its intended use and beyond its design life. This paper provides a detailed Systems-level overview of the flight management of the MEA cover device and its flight performance to date.
卡西尼号飞船已经在土星执行了四年的主要任务,目前正在土星轨道上执行为期两年的延长任务。它的主发动机喷嘴很容易受到微流星体和在轨尘埃的冲击损坏。航天器有一个铰接装置,称为主发动机组件(MEA)覆盖,它可以关闭和保护主发动机免受这些威胁。舱盖打开是为了让主发动机燃烧,这是维持轨道所必需的。对潜在在轨尘埃危害威胁的定期更新分析导致需要继续使用多边环境协定盖,超过其预期用途和设计寿命。本文从系统层面对MEA覆盖装置的飞行管理及其飞行性能进行了详细的概述。
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引用次数: 2
Model-based validation of safety-critical embedded systems 基于模型的安全关键嵌入式系统验证
Pub Date : 2010-03-06 DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2010.5446809
P. Feiler
Safety-critical systems have become increasingly software reliant and the current development process of “build, then integrate” has become unaffordable.1,2 This paper examines two major contributors to today's exponential growth in cost: system-level faults that are not discovered until late in the development process; and multiple truths of analysis results when predicting system properties through model-based analysis and validating them against system implementations. We discuss the root causes of such system-level problems, and an architecture-centric model-based analysis approach of different operational quality aspects from an architecture model. A key technology is the SAE Architecture Analysis & Design Language (AADL) standard for embedded software-reliant system. It supports a single source approach to analysis of operational qualities such as responsiveness, safety-criticality, security, and reliability through model annotations. The paper concludes with a summary of an industrial case study that demonstrates the feasibility of this approach.
安全关键型系统已经变得越来越依赖于软件,而当前“构建,然后集成”的开发过程已经变得难以承受。1,2本文考察了导致当今成本指数级增长的两个主要因素:直到开发过程后期才发现的系统级故障;在通过基于模型的分析预测系统属性并根据系统实现进行验证时,分析结果具有多重真实性。我们讨论了这种系统级问题的根本原因,以及一种以体系结构为中心的基于模型的分析方法,该方法可以从体系结构模型中分析不同的操作质量方面。嵌入式软件依赖系统的关键技术是SAE体系结构分析与设计语言(AADL)标准。它支持通过模型注释分析操作质量(如响应性、安全性-关键性、安全性和可靠性)的单一来源方法。文章最后总结了一个工业案例研究,证明了该方法的可行性。
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引用次数: 30
期刊
2010 IEEE Aerospace Conference
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