Pub Date : 2010-03-06DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2010.5447033
S. Zekavat, O. Abdelkhalik, S. Goh, D. Fuhrmann
A space-based solar power technology that uses networks of small Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites is proposed. Due to the relative motion of these satellites with respect to the earth, multiple power-collecting base stations (PCBS) are implemented on the Earth to allow effective energy collection. Compared to the traditional Solar Power Satellite (SPS), in the proposed technique, satellites fly at a lower altitude. This leads to lower path loss attenuation in transferring energy from space to the earth. In addition, they have lower launching cost, efficient power transmission to the Earth due to lower energy dispersion, and minimal environmental effects due to the low power transmission. Moreover, no “in space” assembly of large structures is required and their maintenance is cost-effective. This paper investigates the orbital management for a specific group of satellites that form a cluster and stay in formation at all times. A wireless local positioning system (WLPS) is incorporated to compute the relative distances between satellites for orbital management. The WLPS enables each satellite to measure the position of other satellites located in its coverage area. An Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is implemented to allow high performance localization, and to maintain satellites in their proper orbit. The effect of the number of satellites in the formation on the relative positions estimation is studied.
{"title":"A novel space-based solar power collection via LEO satellite networks: Orbital management via wireless local positioning systems","authors":"S. Zekavat, O. Abdelkhalik, S. Goh, D. Fuhrmann","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2010.5447033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2010.5447033","url":null,"abstract":"A space-based solar power technology that uses networks of small Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites is proposed. Due to the relative motion of these satellites with respect to the earth, multiple power-collecting base stations (PCBS) are implemented on the Earth to allow effective energy collection. Compared to the traditional Solar Power Satellite (SPS), in the proposed technique, satellites fly at a lower altitude. This leads to lower path loss attenuation in transferring energy from space to the earth. In addition, they have lower launching cost, efficient power transmission to the Earth due to lower energy dispersion, and minimal environmental effects due to the low power transmission. Moreover, no “in space” assembly of large structures is required and their maintenance is cost-effective. This paper investigates the orbital management for a specific group of satellites that form a cluster and stay in formation at all times. A wireless local positioning system (WLPS) is incorporated to compute the relative distances between satellites for orbital management. The WLPS enables each satellite to measure the position of other satellites located in its coverage area. An Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is implemented to allow high performance localization, and to maintain satellites in their proper orbit. The effect of the number of satellites in the formation on the relative positions estimation is studied.","PeriodicalId":378029,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Aerospace Conference","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115195958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-06DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2010.5446704
M. Gebril, R. Buaba, A. Homaifar, E. Kihn, M. Zhizhin
A mixture of feature extraction (FE) and a Locality Sensitive Hashing (LSH) based searching algorithm to search for similarity in satellite imagery is presented. The goal is to build an accurate and fast query-by-example using content based image retrieval based on the information extracted from satellite image data. We have investigated and described various feature extraction methods relevant to our work in this paper. The experimental results demonstrate satisfactory retrieval efficiency based on the proposed model. The results show the effectiveness of our approach. 1 2
{"title":"Structural indexing of satellite images using texture feature extraction for retrieval","authors":"M. Gebril, R. Buaba, A. Homaifar, E. Kihn, M. Zhizhin","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2010.5446704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2010.5446704","url":null,"abstract":"A mixture of feature extraction (FE) and a Locality Sensitive Hashing (LSH) based searching algorithm to search for similarity in satellite imagery is presented. The goal is to build an accurate and fast query-by-example using content based image retrieval based on the information extracted from satellite image data. We have investigated and described various feature extraction methods relevant to our work in this paper. The experimental results demonstrate satisfactory retrieval efficiency based on the proposed model. The results show the effectiveness of our approach. 1 2","PeriodicalId":378029,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Aerospace Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115547814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-06DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2010.5446675
Qiang Le, Lance M. Kaplan
This works presents the maximum likelihood localization (ML) algorithm for multi-target localization using proximity-based sensor networks. Proximity sensors simply report a single binary value indicating whether or not a target is near. The ML approach requires a hill climbing algorithm to find the peak, and its ability to find the global peak is determined by the initial estimates for the target locations. This paper investigates three methods to initialize the ML algorithm: 1) centroid of k-means clustering, 2) centroid of clique clustering, and 3) peak in the 1-target likelihood surface. To provide a performance bound for the initialization methods, the paper also considers the ground truth target positions as initial estimates. Simulations compare the ability of these methods to resolve and localize two targets. The simulations demonstrate that the clique clustering technique out-performs k-means clustering and is nearly as effective as the 1-target likelihood peak methods at a fraction of the computational cost.
{"title":"Target localization using proximity binary sensors","authors":"Qiang Le, Lance M. Kaplan","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2010.5446675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2010.5446675","url":null,"abstract":"This works presents the maximum likelihood localization (ML) algorithm for multi-target localization using proximity-based sensor networks. Proximity sensors simply report a single binary value indicating whether or not a target is near. The ML approach requires a hill climbing algorithm to find the peak, and its ability to find the global peak is determined by the initial estimates for the target locations. This paper investigates three methods to initialize the ML algorithm: 1) centroid of k-means clustering, 2) centroid of clique clustering, and 3) peak in the 1-target likelihood surface. To provide a performance bound for the initialization methods, the paper also considers the ground truth target positions as initial estimates. Simulations compare the ability of these methods to resolve and localize two targets. The simulations demonstrate that the clique clustering technique out-performs k-means clustering and is nearly as effective as the 1-target likelihood peak methods at a fraction of the computational cost.","PeriodicalId":378029,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Aerospace Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114856570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-06DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2010.5446756
C. Pearson, Kevin Schrantz, J. Neubauer
Since the late 1960's, ABSL Space Products (ABSL) has consistently demonstrated its capabilities in the field of space. 12ABSL is the leading supplier of Lithium-ion batteries to the space industry with more than 22,000 cell years of in-orbit performance without failure on more than sixty spacecraft and launch vehicles. ABSL continually scans new technologies for application in space environments. Recently, a new energy storage solution was identified that exhibited exceptional performance characteristics. An Innovative Partnerships Program (IPP) arose from NASA's identification of a new commercial cell and partnered with ABSL to bring the space battery to market. Advancements made through the IPP project lead to developing a 270 volt battery solution for the Chariot Rover and on a 600 volt ground demonstration battery for a future man rated application. The cell assessment, testing and qualification process used during the IPP continues today for all of ABSL's cell optimization studies and next generation cells selection/qualification.
{"title":"Lithium-ion space battery technology development and infusion","authors":"C. Pearson, Kevin Schrantz, J. Neubauer","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2010.5446756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2010.5446756","url":null,"abstract":"Since the late 1960's, ABSL Space Products (ABSL) has consistently demonstrated its capabilities in the field of space. 12ABSL is the leading supplier of Lithium-ion batteries to the space industry with more than 22,000 cell years of in-orbit performance without failure on more than sixty spacecraft and launch vehicles. ABSL continually scans new technologies for application in space environments. Recently, a new energy storage solution was identified that exhibited exceptional performance characteristics. An Innovative Partnerships Program (IPP) arose from NASA's identification of a new commercial cell and partnered with ABSL to bring the space battery to market. Advancements made through the IPP project lead to developing a 270 volt battery solution for the Chariot Rover and on a 600 volt ground demonstration battery for a future man rated application. The cell assessment, testing and qualification process used during the IPP continues today for all of ABSL's cell optimization studies and next generation cells selection/qualification.","PeriodicalId":378029,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Aerospace Conference","volume":"253 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115006832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-06DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2010.5446929
M. Angert, Jacob P. Treadway, C. Haskins, M. Bernacik, S. John Lehtonen, Lance Lascari
As future communications in space require increasing data rates, Ka-band technology is needed to enable wider bandwidths and higher data rates. Linear frequency translation is essential in enabling higher order modulation schemes for high data rates, which in turn enhances flexibility and software defined capability. This paper summarizes the key design features and data results of Ka-band forward and reverse link frequency translators compatible with the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) bands (26 GHz); future work could expand operation to the Deep Space Network Ka-band. The technology developed was a set of Ka-band transmit and receive multi-chip module (MCM) frequency translators with associated low phase noise local oscillator (LO) synthesizer boards. This set of hardware converts between S-band and Ka-band. The translators are designed for a 1 GHz bandwidth and for a center frequency that is re-tunable in this 1 GHz range. The MCMs offer a versatile design that can be used for both exciter and receiver translators and provide areas for future expansion. Furthermore, the MCM and LO synthesizer form a low power system with 1.6W of power consumption for the exciter hardware and 1.8W for the receiver portion. Finally, the LO synthesizer has low phase noise under 2.5 degrees rms from 100 Hz to 40 MHz which enables high data rates and high order modulation schemes. 1 2
由于未来的空间通信需要提高数据速率，因此需要ka波段技术来实现更宽的带宽和更高的数据速率。线性频率转换对于实现高数据速率的高阶调制方案至关重要，这反过来又增强了灵活性和软件定义的能力。综述了兼容TDRSS (Tracking and data Relay Satellite System, TDRSS) 26 GHz波段的ka波段正反链路频率转换器的主要设计特点和数据结果;未来的工作可能会扩展到深空网络ka波段。所开发的技术是一套ka波段发射和接收多芯片模块(MCM)频率转换器与相关的低相位噪声本振(LO)合成器板。这套硬件在s波段和ka波段之间转换。转换器设计用于1 GHz带宽和中心频率，可在此1 GHz范围内重新调谐。mcm提供多功能设计，可用于激励器和接收器转换器，并为未来扩展提供空间。此外，MCM和LO合成器形成了一个低功耗系统，励磁器硬件功耗为1.6W，接收器部分功耗为1.8W。最后，本LO合成器在100 Hz至40 MHz范围内具有2.5度有效值下的低相位噪声，从而实现高数据速率和高阶调制方案。1 2
{"title":"Development of Ka-band frequency translators for high data rate communications","authors":"M. Angert, Jacob P. Treadway, C. Haskins, M. Bernacik, S. John Lehtonen, Lance Lascari","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2010.5446929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2010.5446929","url":null,"abstract":"As future communications in space require increasing data rates, Ka-band technology is needed to enable wider bandwidths and higher data rates. Linear frequency translation is essential in enabling higher order modulation schemes for high data rates, which in turn enhances flexibility and software defined capability. This paper summarizes the key design features and data results of Ka-band forward and reverse link frequency translators compatible with the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) bands (26 GHz); future work could expand operation to the Deep Space Network Ka-band. The technology developed was a set of Ka-band transmit and receive multi-chip module (MCM) frequency translators with associated low phase noise local oscillator (LO) synthesizer boards. This set of hardware converts between S-band and Ka-band. The translators are designed for a 1 GHz bandwidth and for a center frequency that is re-tunable in this 1 GHz range. The MCMs offer a versatile design that can be used for both exciter and receiver translators and provide areas for future expansion. Furthermore, the MCM and LO synthesizer form a low power system with 1.6W of power consumption for the exciter hardware and 1.8W for the receiver portion. Finally, the LO synthesizer has low phase noise under 2.5 degrees rms from 100 Hz to 40 MHz which enables high data rates and high order modulation schemes. 1 2","PeriodicalId":378029,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Aerospace Conference","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116924400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-06DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2010.5446819
B. Kim, C. Lynn, Neil Kunst, Tom Dudgeon
The current state of the art in electronic prognostic health management systems does not fully support detection, collection, and remediation of real-time faults. As a result, knowledge has not been captured from an actual platform failure mechanism. Thus, point-of-failure feedback cannot be applied by system designers or operators to improve lifecycle weak links in replacement platforms, or to strengthen effectiveness of mission-critical platforms. Our innovation makes it possible to extract and analyze the power system's eigenvalues, which are related to the intrinsic frequencies of the power system that determine correlations between extracted features and state of health (SoH). In-situ electronic prognostics for power systems are crucial for attaining a sound theoretical basis of health status. To provide correlation information such as state of health (SOH) using pattern analysis with real-time data from a non-intrusive smart power sensor, Ridgetop researched using data-driven modeling with a proposed health distance and Support Vector Machines (SVMs) with signatures in a standard IEEE 1451-enabled smart power sensor. Results of this study indicate that a fault pattern analysis methodology overcomes certain disadvantages of the standard failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) approach, which does not account for the contribution of unobserved failure to a degradation trajectory. The efficacy of the proposed pattern analysis approach is illustrated with test results showing critical distinction in pattern analysis and test data acquired from a real-time IEEE 1451-enabled smart power sensor testbed, and monitored via a testbed with appropriate instrumentation. 1 2
{"title":"Pattern analysis in real time with smart power sensor","authors":"B. Kim, C. Lynn, Neil Kunst, Tom Dudgeon","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2010.5446819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2010.5446819","url":null,"abstract":"The current state of the art in electronic prognostic health management systems does not fully support detection, collection, and remediation of real-time faults. As a result, knowledge has not been captured from an actual platform failure mechanism. Thus, point-of-failure feedback cannot be applied by system designers or operators to improve lifecycle weak links in replacement platforms, or to strengthen effectiveness of mission-critical platforms. Our innovation makes it possible to extract and analyze the power system's eigenvalues, which are related to the intrinsic frequencies of the power system that determine correlations between extracted features and state of health (SoH). In-situ electronic prognostics for power systems are crucial for attaining a sound theoretical basis of health status. To provide correlation information such as state of health (SOH) using pattern analysis with real-time data from a non-intrusive smart power sensor, Ridgetop researched using data-driven modeling with a proposed health distance and Support Vector Machines (SVMs) with signatures in a standard IEEE 1451-enabled smart power sensor. Results of this study indicate that a fault pattern analysis methodology overcomes certain disadvantages of the standard failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) approach, which does not account for the contribution of unobserved failure to a degradation trajectory. The efficacy of the proposed pattern analysis approach is illustrated with test results showing critical distinction in pattern analysis and test data acquired from a real-time IEEE 1451-enabled smart power sensor testbed, and monitored via a testbed with appropriate instrumentation. 1 2","PeriodicalId":378029,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Aerospace Conference","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116160378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-06DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2010.5446878
K. Cook
This paper provides an overview of the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) and how the ITAR applies to virtually everyone1,2. In today's increasingly international business market, it is extremely important for U.S. and foreign individuals who work with technologies controlled by the ITAR to understand the export laws and regulations.
{"title":"The ITAR and you - what you need to know about the International Traffic in Arms Regulations","authors":"K. Cook","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2010.5446878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2010.5446878","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides an overview of the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) and how the ITAR applies to virtually everyone1,2. In today's increasingly international business market, it is extremely important for U.S. and foreign individuals who work with technologies controlled by the ITAR to understand the export laws and regulations.","PeriodicalId":378029,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Aerospace Conference","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116325853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-06DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2010.5446885
Daniel Selva, E. Crawley
When designing Earth observation missions, it is essential to take into account the programmatic context. Considering individual missions as part of a whole enables overall program optimization, which may bring important cost reductions and scientific and societal benefits.12
{"title":"Integrated assessment of packaging architectures in Earth observing programs","authors":"Daniel Selva, E. Crawley","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2010.5446885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2010.5446885","url":null,"abstract":"When designing Earth observation missions, it is essential to take into account the programmatic context. Considering individual missions as part of a whole enables overall program optimization, which may bring important cost reductions and scientific and societal benefits.12","PeriodicalId":378029,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Aerospace Conference","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122113438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-06DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2010.5446732
Ung-Dai Ko, B. Tapley
The GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) mission was launched in March 2002 to determine the Earth's gravity model by using accurate measurements of the inter-satellite distance between two identical satellites. 12A strategy to combine two one-way ranging measurements, called dual one-way ranging (DOWR), is used to cancel out the common frequency noises of the oscillators embedded in the two satellites. The ultra-stable oscillator (USO) is the source for the reference frequency for each satellite. The time, generated by the USO, drifts due to the frequency instability of the USO. The time drift can be computed with accurate GPS phase measurement during the precision orbit determination process (POD) and leads to a time-tag correction. This study analyzes three methods to compute the upper boundary of the frequency instability level of the USOs. The first method is to use the DOWR measurement. The second method is to use the time-tag correction for each satellite. The third method is to use the difference of the time-tag corrections of the two satellites. This paper will show which method is most reliable for monitoring the level of frequency instability of the USOs.
{"title":"Computing the USO frequency instability of GRACE satellites","authors":"Ung-Dai Ko, B. Tapley","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2010.5446732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2010.5446732","url":null,"abstract":"The GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) mission was launched in March 2002 to determine the Earth's gravity model by using accurate measurements of the inter-satellite distance between two identical satellites. 12A strategy to combine two one-way ranging measurements, called dual one-way ranging (DOWR), is used to cancel out the common frequency noises of the oscillators embedded in the two satellites. The ultra-stable oscillator (USO) is the source for the reference frequency for each satellite. The time, generated by the USO, drifts due to the frequency instability of the USO. The time drift can be computed with accurate GPS phase measurement during the precision orbit determination process (POD) and leads to a time-tag correction. This study analyzes three methods to compute the upper boundary of the frequency instability level of the USOs. The first method is to use the DOWR measurement. The second method is to use the time-tag correction for each satellite. The third method is to use the difference of the time-tag corrections of the two satellites. This paper will show which method is most reliable for monitoring the level of frequency instability of the USOs.","PeriodicalId":378029,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Aerospace Conference","volume":"67 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117233637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-06DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2010.5446997
S. Sgubini, G. Palmerini
Spacecraft formations offer interesting challenges to orbit determination, especially for ground-based tracking. In fact, the limited distances between spacecraft and the possible ambiguity of the observables gathered from the ground have an impact on the solution process. The paper aims to apply the filtering techniques on a refined dynamical model, which can include the main perturbation effects - due to the oblateness of the Earth and, at the lower altitudes, the air drag - on spacecraft trajectories, representing them in series with a remarkably limited number of terms even in eccentric case. The idea is to focus on theoretically expected behavior rather than dealing with an enriched but heavier state including parameters directly related to the perturbing effects. In such a way, it could be possible to obtain a good estimate even with limited spacecraft tracking information. This is an important asset in navigating a formation from the Earth, due to the needed partition of ground station resources among different platforms belonging to the formation, and to the possible ambiguity among the measurements, which further reduce the available data. The specific nature of the dynamic model calls for an estimator with a flexible and “open” architecture, easily allowing for changes and additions in the model itself. Therefore, the estimator selected for testing the approach has been the Unscented Kalman Filter, versatile enough to allow for increasing model accuracy without the need for tedious computation of the Jacobian. This approach is also intended to offer a different way to investigate special perturbed configurations, via the semi-analytical and almost exact representation of the trajectories. In such a perspective, one of the first application, which is shortly outlined in the paper, will be the analysis of spacecraft formations under the J2 effect. In fact, recent studies identified a set of almost periodic relative configurations among the spacecraft. This set (sometimes referred as the special or magical inclination's one) has been recently identified by means of numeric search, and has also received some (partial) explanation. Due to the interest in control effort reduction, it is deemed that a better understanding of this special dynamics, possibly provided by means of a selected modeling approach, can be of some interest
{"title":"Ground-based orbit determination for spacecraft formations","authors":"S. Sgubini, G. Palmerini","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2010.5446997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2010.5446997","url":null,"abstract":"Spacecraft formations offer interesting challenges to orbit determination, especially for ground-based tracking. In fact, the limited distances between spacecraft and the possible ambiguity of the observables gathered from the ground have an impact on the solution process. The paper aims to apply the filtering techniques on a refined dynamical model, which can include the main perturbation effects - due to the oblateness of the Earth and, at the lower altitudes, the air drag - on spacecraft trajectories, representing them in series with a remarkably limited number of terms even in eccentric case. The idea is to focus on theoretically expected behavior rather than dealing with an enriched but heavier state including parameters directly related to the perturbing effects. In such a way, it could be possible to obtain a good estimate even with limited spacecraft tracking information. This is an important asset in navigating a formation from the Earth, due to the needed partition of ground station resources among different platforms belonging to the formation, and to the possible ambiguity among the measurements, which further reduce the available data. The specific nature of the dynamic model calls for an estimator with a flexible and “open” architecture, easily allowing for changes and additions in the model itself. Therefore, the estimator selected for testing the approach has been the Unscented Kalman Filter, versatile enough to allow for increasing model accuracy without the need for tedious computation of the Jacobian. This approach is also intended to offer a different way to investigate special perturbed configurations, via the semi-analytical and almost exact representation of the trajectories. In such a perspective, one of the first application, which is shortly outlined in the paper, will be the analysis of spacecraft formations under the J2 effect. In fact, recent studies identified a set of almost periodic relative configurations among the spacecraft. This set (sometimes referred as the special or magical inclination's one) has been recently identified by means of numeric search, and has also received some (partial) explanation. Due to the interest in control effort reduction, it is deemed that a better understanding of this special dynamics, possibly provided by means of a selected modeling approach, can be of some interest","PeriodicalId":378029,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Aerospace Conference","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124714020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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