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Reducing NPR 7120.5D to Practice: Preparing for a remote site Life-cycle Review 减少NPR 7120.5D到实践:为远程站点生命周期评审做准备
Pub Date : 2010-03-06 DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2010.5446874
R. Taylor
The Gravity Recovery And Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission was the first Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) project initiated under NASA's revised rules for space flight project management, NPR 7120.5D, “NASA Space Flight Program and Project Management Requirements.” 12 NASA selected GRAIL through a competitive Announcement of Opportunity (AO) process and funded its Phase B Preliminary Design effort. The first major milestone was institutional, the JPL Project Mission System Review (PMSR), which proved an excellent tune-up for the end-of-Phase B NASA life-cycle review, the Preliminary Design Review (PDR). Building on JPL experience with the Prometheus and Juno projects, the team successfully organized for and conducted these reviews on an aggressive schedule. The results were summarized in last year's IEEE paper, “Reducing NPR 7120.5D to Practice: Preparing for a Life-cycle Review.” GRAIL successfully passed its KDP-C Confirmation Review and initiated Phase C in March 2009.
重力恢复和内部实验室(GRAIL)任务是第一个喷气推进实验室(JPL)项目,根据NASA修订的太空飞行项目管理规则,NPR 7120.5D,“NASA太空飞行计划和项目管理要求”启动。NASA通过竞争性的机会公告(AO)程序选择了GRAIL,并为其B阶段初步设计工作提供了资金。第一个重要的里程碑是机构,喷气推进实验室项目任务系统审查(PMSR),这证明了B阶段结束的NASA生命周期审查,初步设计审查(PDR)的出色调整。基于JPL在普罗米修斯号和朱诺号项目上的经验,该团队成功地组织了这些审查,并在积极的时间表上进行了这些审查。研究结果在去年的IEEE论文《将NPR 7120.5D降至实践:为生命周期审查做准备》中进行了总结。GRAIL成功地通过了KDP-C确认审查,并于2009年3月启动了C阶段。
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引用次数: 3
Supercritical CO2 Cleaning for planetary protection and contamination control 用于行星保护和污染控制的超临界CO2清洗
Pub Date : 2010-03-06 DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2010.5446981
Ying Lin, Fang Zhong, D. Aveline, M. Anderson, Shirley Y. Chung, J. Mennella, W. Schubert
We have designed and built a new Supercritical CO2 Cleaning (SCC) system1,2 to conduct cleaning efficiency studies using Supercritical CO2 and liquid CO2 to remove trace amounts of microbial and organic contaminants from spacecraft material surfaces. The objective of this task is to develop an effective CO2 cleaning method and to demonstrate and validate its ability to achieve ultra-clean surfaces of sample handling devices, sample storage units, and science instruments. This new capability will meet planetary protection and contamination control requirements for future Astrobiology science missions. The initial cleaning test results using this new cleaning device showed that both supercritical CO2 and liquid CO2 could achieve cleanliness levels of 0.01 µg/cm2 or less for hydrophobic contaminants. Experiments under supercritical condition using compressed Martian air mix, which consists of 95% CO2, produced similar cleaning effectiveness on the hydrophobic compounds. This opens up the possibility of further development potential for in situ CO2 cleaning and sterilization using Martian air for future Mars missions. We plan to further investigate the cleaning condition for hydrophilic compounds and bacterial spores, as well as introducing polar co-solvent to the cleaning apparatus.
我们设计并建造了一个新的超临界二氧化碳清洁(SCC)系统1,2,用于研究使用超临界二氧化碳和液态二氧化碳从航天器材料表面去除微量微生物和有机污染物的清洁效率。本任务的目标是开发一种有效的二氧化碳清洁方法,并演示和验证其实现样品处理设备,样品存储单元和科学仪器表面超清洁的能力。这种新能力将满足未来天体生物学科学任务对行星保护和污染控制的要求。使用这种新型清洗装置的初步清洗测试结果表明,对于疏水污染物,超临界CO2和液态CO2的清洁度都可以达到0.01µg/cm2或更低。在超临界条件下使用压缩的火星空气混合物进行实验,其中包含95%的二氧化碳,对疏水化合物产生了类似的清洁效果。这为未来的火星任务提供了进一步开发利用火星空气进行原位二氧化碳清洁和灭菌的可能性。我们计划进一步研究亲水化合物和细菌孢子的清洗条件,并在清洗装置中引入极性共溶剂。
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引用次数: 7
Herschel Space Telescope: Impact of new material strain data on optical test and model correlation 赫歇尔空间望远镜:新材料应变数据对光学测试和模型关联的影响
Pub Date : 2010-03-06 DOI: 10.1117/12.857732
B. Catanzaro, D. Doyle, E. Cohen
Successful launch and imagery from the Herschel Space Telescope has demonstrated a nominally in focus telescope. There still remains a discrepancy between the prediction and measurement of the telescope back focal length prior to launch. New material strain data has been applied to the structural/optical model of the telescope. The new data significantly closed the gap between the previous optical test measurement and prediction. However, a discrepancy still exists. Model results and techniques will be presented and discussed. 1 2
成功的发射和赫歇尔太空望远镜的图像证明了一个名义上的聚焦望远镜。在发射前对望远镜后焦距的预测和测量之间仍然存在差异。新的材料应变数据被应用到望远镜的结构/光学模型中。新数据显著缩小了以往光学测试测量与预测之间的差距。然而,差异仍然存在。模型结果和技术将被展示和讨论。1 2
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引用次数: 3
An extension of integrated navigation algorithms to estimate elastic motions of very flexible aircrafts 一种综合导航算法的扩展,用于估计非常柔性飞行器的弹性运动
Pub Date : 2010-03-06 DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2010.5446690
V. Baraniello, M. Cicala, F. Corraro
This paper presents an algorithm for estimating the rigid and elastic motions of aircrafts showing significant elastic displacements, based on an EKF (Extended Kalman Filter) technique. The proposed algorithm can be applied to HALE (High Attitude Long Endurance Vehicle) unmanned vehicles, which typically show a configuration with high aspect ratios wings, fuselages with high length to diameter ratios and, above all, lightweight structures. 1 2 The knowledge of their actual structure shape is fundamental essentially for three reasons: health monitoring of the structure, control purposes (Active Control Technologies) and finally for the determination of onboard sensors exact position and attitude, relative to a specified reference frame, to improve the accuracy of their measurements. Filter equations have been developed considering the coupling between rigid and elastic motions. The elastic motions are modeled in the assumptions of modal decomposition. Sensors budget of the presented algorithm, consists in two GPS Antennas/Receivers for speed/position measurements, an Inertial Measurement Unit with tri-axial accelerometers, gyros and magnetometers, and at least one auxiliary tri-axial accelerometer. The matrix formulation of the algorithm allows using the desired number of auxiliary accelerometers without changes to its implementation or its mathematical structure. Filter implementation also allows defining a numerical criterion to determine the better allocation of auxiliary accelerometers. The observability of the filter error state vector is also exhaustively analyzed, considering different scenarios concerning the elastic features of the structure. Finally simulation test results are reported, which demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
本文提出了一种基于扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)技术的估计具有显著弹性位移的飞机的刚性和弹性运动的算法。该算法可应用于HALE(高姿态长航时飞行器)无人驾驶飞行器,这类飞行器通常具有高展弦比机翼、高长径比机身以及最重要的是轻量化结构。对其实际结构形状的了解是基本的,主要有三个原因:结构的健康监测,控制目的(主动控制技术),最后用于确定机载传感器的精确位置和姿态,相对于指定的参考框架,以提高其测量的准确性。考虑刚性运动和弹性运动之间的耦合,建立了滤波方程。在模态分解的假设下对弹性运动进行建模。该算法的传感器预算包括两个用于速度/位置测量的GPS天线/接收器,一个带有三轴加速度计、陀螺仪和磁力计的惯性测量单元,以及至少一个辅助三轴加速度计。该算法的矩阵公式允许在不改变其实现或数学结构的情况下使用所需数量的辅助加速度计。滤波器的实现还允许定义一个数值标准来确定辅助加速度计的更好分配。考虑到结构弹性特性的不同情况,对滤波器误差状态向量的可观测性进行了详尽的分析。最后给出了仿真实验结果,验证了算法的有效性。
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引用次数: 6
Validation of health-monitoring algorithms for civil aircraft engines 民用飞机发动机健康监测算法的验证
Pub Date : 2010-03-06 DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2010.5446815
J. Lacaille
Snecma builds CFM engines with GE for commercial aircrafts and now faces with the challenge of providing assistance to the maintenance operations of its wide fleet. Some years ago, Snecma engaged in the development of a set of algorithmic applications to monitor engine subsystems. Some health-monitoring (HM) application examples developed for Snecma's engines are presented below. An architecture proposition for HM applications is given with a list of quality indicators used in validation process. Finally, the problem of how to reach the drastic requirements in use for civil aircrafts is addressed. The conclusion sketches the methodology and software solution tested by Snecma's HM team to manage the algorithms.
斯奈克玛与通用电气合作为商用飞机生产CFM发动机,现在面临着为其广泛机队的维护运营提供帮助的挑战。几年前,斯奈克玛公司开发了一套用于监控发动机子系统的算法应用程序。下面给出了为斯奈克玛引擎开发的一些运行状况监视(HM)应用程序示例。给出了HM应用的体系结构建议,并给出了验证过程中使用的质量指标列表。最后,讨论了如何在民用飞机上达到苛刻的使用要求。结论概述了Snecma的HM团队测试的方法和软件解决方案来管理算法。
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引用次数: 9
Uplink arraying analysis for NASA's Deep Space Network NASA深空网络上行链路阵列分析
Pub Date : 2010-03-06 DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2010.5446932
P. Stadter, B. Kantsiper, D. Jablonski, A. Golshan, James Costrell
The Deep Space Network provides the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and partner organizations essential communication links to interplanetary and deep space robotic missions. Managed by NASA's Space Operations Mission Directorate (SOMD), the challenge of maintaining this asset has led to several efforts to explore concepts of a distributed array of ground antennas to augment or replace current DSN antennas. This paper describes independent analysis by The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory to evaluate several uplink array concepts under consideration by NASA/SOMD, including efforts by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and industry offerings for experimental approaches. The work details the analysis to validate the ability to form beams, achieve target gain patterns, and the sensitivities to array geometries and error sources. Also included are risk areas and potential techniques to address implementation and performance challenges.
深空网络为美国国家航空航天局(NASA)及其伙伴组织提供行星际和深空机器人任务的必要通信链路。由美国宇航局空间作战任务理事会(SOMD)管理,维护这一资产的挑战导致了几次努力探索分布式地面天线阵列的概念,以增强或取代当前的深空网络天线。本文描述了约翰霍普金斯大学应用物理实验室的独立分析,以评估NASA/SOMD正在考虑的几个上行阵列概念,包括喷气推进实验室的努力和工业提供的实验方法。该工作详细分析了验证形成波束的能力,实现目标增益模式,以及对阵列几何形状和误差源的灵敏度。还包括风险领域和解决实现和性能挑战的潜在技术。
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引用次数: 3
Maneuver decision-making on air-to-air combat via hybrid control 基于混合控制的空对空作战机动决策
Pub Date : 2010-03-06 DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2010.5446733
Fenghua He, Yu Yao
In this paper, a maneuver decision-making strategy in air combat is investigated via a hybrid control theory. A Hybrid Input/Output Automaton (HIOA) model is established to describe a maneuver decision-making system for a flight vehicle in air combat.An evaluation index function is proposed considering angle, space range and acceleration of two aircraft. The two-point boundary value problem is converted into two single optimization ones, and a saddle point solution is obtained for an optimal problem. A hybrid decision-making algorithm is formulated. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
本文利用混合控制理论研究了空战机动决策策略。为描述飞行器空战机动决策系统,建立了混合输入输出自动机(HIOA)模型。提出了考虑两架飞行器角度、空间距离和加速度的评价指标函数。将两点边值问题转化为两个单优化问题,得到最优问题的鞍点解。提出了一种混合决策算法。仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 4
Standardization efforts for software-defined radio 软件定义无线电的标准化工作
Pub Date : 2010-03-06 DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2010.5446909
E. Grayver
Software-defined radios (SDRs) allow the user or operator to switch between multiple waveforms without any changes to the underlying radio hardware. Minimally configurable radios that support only a few waveforms are easily managed using proprietary interfaces. However, true software radios allow thousands of different waveforms, making their configuration a nontrivial task. The level of complexity introduced by SDR has been recognized for over a decade. This paper provides an overview of different efforts to standardize the configuration and operation of SDRs. I discuss the Joint Tactical Radio Systems (JTRS) standard developed by the U.S. Army, based on the Software Communications Architecture (SCA) framework. JTRS is compared to the NASA proposal known as STRS. Both of these standards deal with higher network layers and treat the physical layer as a ‘black box.’ A new standard to describe the physical layer, SDRPHY, is discussed in detail. Finally, a few hardware-specific standardization efforts are discussed. 1 2
软件定义无线电(sdr)允许用户或操作员在不改变底层无线电硬件的情况下在多个波形之间切换。仅支持少数波形的最低可配置无线电可以使用专有接口轻松管理。然而,真正的软件无线电允许数千种不同的波形,使它们的配置成为一项不平凡的任务。十多年来,人们一直认识到特别提款权带来的复杂性。本文概述了为标准化特别提款权的配置和操作所做的不同努力。我将讨论由美国陆军基于软件通信体系结构(SCA)框架开发的联合战术无线电系统(JTRS)标准。JTRS与NASA提出的STRS进行了比较。这两种标准都处理更高的网络层,并将物理层视为“黑盒”。详细讨论了描述物理层的新标准SDRPHY。最后,讨论了一些特定于硬件的标准化工作。1 2
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引用次数: 6
PHARO—Propellant harvesting of atmospheric resources in orbit 在轨大气资源的pharo推进剂收集
Pub Date : 2010-03-06 DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2010.5447034
Christopher Jones, D. Masse, C. Glass, A. Wilhite, M. Walker
Collection and storage of propellant on-orbit has the potential to dramatically reduce launch mass for future exploration missions.12 A proposed method for this collection utilizes an orbiting vehicle that collects ambient air at a high altitude and uses a fraction of the air for orbital maintenance while storing the remainder for exploration propellant. The derivation of the relations governing propulsion requirements of thrust and specific impulse is presented. Initial requirements for the collector are defined through design maps based on a notional Mars mission.
在轨道上收集和储存推进剂有可能大大减少未来探索任务的发射质量一种建议的收集方法是利用轨道飞行器在高海拔收集环境空气,并使用一小部分空气用于轨道维护,而将其余部分储存为探索推进剂。推导了推力与比冲之间的关系。收集器的初始需求是通过基于设想的火星任务的设计图来定义的。
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引用次数: 8
An effective localization algorithm based on received signal strength 一种有效的基于接收信号强度的定位算法
Pub Date : 2010-03-06 DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2010.5446917
R. Kumar, Swapnaja Ranade, Balaram Gowda
Efficient tracking schemes are becoming very important due to the increasing availability of wireless networks and the importance of location information for applications such as vehicle and object tracking, surveillance, military uses etc. This paper12 presents a simple approach based on the measurements of the received signal strength to determine the position of wireless nodes. An estimation algorithm, using range measurements from multiple, scattered, beacon transmitter stations with known locations, is presented that lowers position location inaccuracies, has relatively low complexity and uses only the local information. Various simulation results are presented that demonstrate the performance of the algorithm.
由于无线网络的日益普及以及位置信息对车辆和物体跟踪、监视、军事用途等应用的重要性,有效的跟踪方案变得非常重要。本文12提出了一种基于接收信号强度测量来确定无线节点位置的简单方法。提出了一种利用已知位置的多个分散信标发射台的距离测量值进行定位的估计算法,该算法降低了定位误差,复杂度相对较低,并且只使用了局部信息。各种仿真结果证明了该算法的性能。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
2010 IEEE Aerospace Conference
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