Pub Date : 2010-03-06DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2010.5446698
K. Vines, Roger Chao
The UAVSAR program was formed to provide repeat pass radar interferometry on an uninhabited aircraft platform.12 The UAVSAR imaging radar system is housed in an external unpressurized pod that may be attached to an Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle (UAV), although initial flight tests were performed aboard a Gulfstream-III aircraft with flight test personnel on-board. Since the radar science missions are to be eventually flown without an on-board operator, all data collection must be performed autonomously from take-off to landing.
{"title":"Autonomous deployment of the UAVSAR radar instrument","authors":"K. Vines, Roger Chao","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2010.5446698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2010.5446698","url":null,"abstract":"The UAVSAR program was formed to provide repeat pass radar interferometry on an uninhabited aircraft platform.12 The UAVSAR imaging radar system is housed in an external unpressurized pod that may be attached to an Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle (UAV), although initial flight tests were performed aboard a Gulfstream-III aircraft with flight test personnel on-board. Since the radar science missions are to be eventually flown without an on-board operator, all data collection must be performed autonomously from take-off to landing.","PeriodicalId":378029,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Aerospace Conference","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124647365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-06DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2010.5446954
V. Vilnrotter, K. Andrews, J. Hamkins, A. Tkacenko
Deep-space navigation uses estimates of range and Doppler to update and improve spacecraft trajectory solutions.1,2 Operationally, Doppler is generally extracted directly from the ground receiver's carrier tracking loop, and range is determined primarily by the use of specially designed “ranging tones,” or more recently (e.g., on New Horizons), Pseudo-Noise (PN) sequences. Transmission of tones or PN sequences drain power and bandwidth that could be better used for transmitting additional science data from the spacecraft. Here we describe and evaluate a novel technique that extracts range and Doppler estimates directly from the decoded data, thus enabling data-transmission at the maximum rate consistent with spacecraft range, antenna gain and available signal power. In this paper, the structure of the maximum likelihood estimator for range and Doppler is derived, and its performance determined relative to Cramér-Rao bounds via simulation and analysis. Performance of conventional Doppler and delay estimators based on carrier tracking loops is also derived, and contrasted with the performance of the optimum Doppler-delay estimator over a range of symbol SNR typically encountered in deep-space applications.
{"title":"Maximum likelihood estimation of navigation parameters from downlink telemetry","authors":"V. Vilnrotter, K. Andrews, J. Hamkins, A. Tkacenko","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2010.5446954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2010.5446954","url":null,"abstract":"Deep-space navigation uses estimates of range and Doppler to update and improve spacecraft trajectory solutions.1,2 Operationally, Doppler is generally extracted directly from the ground receiver's carrier tracking loop, and range is determined primarily by the use of specially designed “ranging tones,” or more recently (e.g., on New Horizons), Pseudo-Noise (PN) sequences. Transmission of tones or PN sequences drain power and bandwidth that could be better used for transmitting additional science data from the spacecraft. Here we describe and evaluate a novel technique that extracts range and Doppler estimates directly from the decoded data, thus enabling data-transmission at the maximum rate consistent with spacecraft range, antenna gain and available signal power. In this paper, the structure of the maximum likelihood estimator for range and Doppler is derived, and its performance determined relative to Cramér-Rao bounds via simulation and analysis. Performance of conventional Doppler and delay estimators based on carrier tracking loops is also derived, and contrasted with the performance of the optimum Doppler-delay estimator over a range of symbol SNR typically encountered in deep-space applications.","PeriodicalId":378029,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Aerospace Conference","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130390663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-06DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2010.5446759
S. Ruel, T. Luu
Neptec has developed a vision system for autonomous rendezvous and docking in space that does not require the use of cooperative markers, such as retro-reflectors, on the target spacecraft. 12The system uses an active TriDAR 3D sensor along with embedded model based tracking algorithms to provide, out of the box, 6 degree of freedom (6DOF) relative pose information in real-time. The TriDAR (triangulation + LIDAR) sensing technology combines active triangulation and Time-of-Flight (TOF) ranging techniques within a single optical path. This design takes advantage of the complementary nature of these two technologies to provide optimal 3 dimensional data from several kilometers all the way to docking. A thermal imager is also included to provide bearing information at long range.
{"title":"STS-128 on-orbit demonstration of the TriDAR targetless rendezvous and docking sensor","authors":"S. Ruel, T. Luu","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2010.5446759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2010.5446759","url":null,"abstract":"Neptec has developed a vision system for autonomous rendezvous and docking in space that does not require the use of cooperative markers, such as retro-reflectors, on the target spacecraft. 12The system uses an active TriDAR 3D sensor along with embedded model based tracking algorithms to provide, out of the box, 6 degree of freedom (6DOF) relative pose information in real-time. The TriDAR (triangulation + LIDAR) sensing technology combines active triangulation and Time-of-Flight (TOF) ranging techniques within a single optical path. This design takes advantage of the complementary nature of these two technologies to provide optimal 3 dimensional data from several kilometers all the way to docking. A thermal imager is also included to provide bearing information at long range.","PeriodicalId":378029,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Aerospace Conference","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130416599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-06DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2010.5446689
Chun Yang, Erik Blasch, P. Douville
In most target tracking formulations, the tracking sensor location is typically assumed perfectly known. Without accounting for navigation errors of the sensor platform, regular Kalman filters tend to be optimistic (i.e., the covariance matrix far below the actual mean squared errors). In this paper, the Schmidt-Kalman filter (SKF) is formulated for target tracking with navigation errors. The SKF does not estimate the navigation errors explicitly but rather takes into account (i.e., considers) the navigation error covariance provided by an on-board navigation unit in the tracking filter formulation. Including the navigation errors leads to the so-called “consider covariance.” By exploring the structural navigation errors, the SKF is not only more consistent but also produces smaller mean squared errors than regular Kalman filters. Monte Carlo simulation results are presented in the paper to demonstrate the operation and performance of the SKF for target tracking in the presence of navigation errors.1,2
{"title":"Design of Schmidt-Kalman filter for target tracking with navigation errors","authors":"Chun Yang, Erik Blasch, P. Douville","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2010.5446689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2010.5446689","url":null,"abstract":"In most target tracking formulations, the tracking sensor location is typically assumed perfectly known. Without accounting for navigation errors of the sensor platform, regular Kalman filters tend to be optimistic (i.e., the covariance matrix far below the actual mean squared errors). In this paper, the Schmidt-Kalman filter (SKF) is formulated for target tracking with navigation errors. The SKF does not estimate the navigation errors explicitly but rather takes into account (i.e., considers) the navigation error covariance provided by an on-board navigation unit in the tracking filter formulation. Including the navigation errors leads to the so-called “consider covariance.” By exploring the structural navigation errors, the SKF is not only more consistent but also produces smaller mean squared errors than regular Kalman filters. Monte Carlo simulation results are presented in the paper to demonstrate the operation and performance of the SKF for target tracking in the presence of navigation errors.1,2","PeriodicalId":378029,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Aerospace Conference","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130579768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-06DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2010.5446778
E. Pastor, E. Santamaria, P. Royo, Juan López, C. Barrado
This paper addresses various aspects of the design and development of the pilot interface for the exploitation of highly advanced flight plan capabilities specifically designed for Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS). This flight plan capabilities are built on top a flexible and reusable hardware/software architecture designed to facilitate the development of UAS-based applications. This flexibility is organized into an user-parameterizable UAS Service Abstraction Layer (USAL). The USAL defines a collection of standard services are their interrelations as a basic starting point for further development by UAS users. Previous research presented the advanced flying capabilities of a UAS as an extension of the Flight Control System (FCS) functionalities. Assuming a UAS with a FCS that ensures safe and stable maneuvers, we complement it with a highly capable flight plan management system.
{"title":"On the design of a UAS flight plan monitoring and edition system","authors":"E. Pastor, E. Santamaria, P. Royo, Juan López, C. Barrado","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2010.5446778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2010.5446778","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses various aspects of the design and development of the pilot interface for the exploitation of highly advanced flight plan capabilities specifically designed for Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS). This flight plan capabilities are built on top a flexible and reusable hardware/software architecture designed to facilitate the development of UAS-based applications. This flexibility is organized into an user-parameterizable UAS Service Abstraction Layer (USAL). The USAL defines a collection of standard services are their interrelations as a basic starting point for further development by UAS users. Previous research presented the advanced flying capabilities of a UAS as an extension of the Flight Control System (FCS) functionalities. Assuming a UAS with a FCS that ensures safe and stable maneuvers, we complement it with a highly capable flight plan management system.","PeriodicalId":378029,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Aerospace Conference","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123799654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-06DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2010.5446912
K. Chetcuti, C. J. Debono, Serge Bruillot
Wireless networks provide the technology that allows the service provisioning of a number of applications to mobile stations. In recent years, aircraft manufacturers have been evaluating the possibility of offering this technology on-board their aircrafts. This will help manufacturers to reduce cable complexity while offering new services to the passengers.12
{"title":"The effect of human shadowing on RF signal strengths of IEEE802.11a systems on board business jets","authors":"K. Chetcuti, C. J. Debono, Serge Bruillot","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2010.5446912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2010.5446912","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless networks provide the technology that allows the service provisioning of a number of applications to mobile stations. In recent years, aircraft manufacturers have been evaluating the possibility of offering this technology on-board their aircrafts. This will help manufacturers to reduce cable complexity while offering new services to the passengers.12","PeriodicalId":378029,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Aerospace Conference","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123913677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-06DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2010.5446925
R. Monzingo
A standard Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver is vulnerable to multipath signals. 12 A standard receiver will exhibit bias in the timing estimate if multipath is present. This paper examines how a GPS receiver can be made immune to the presence of multipath by incorporating a bank of correlators in the code-tracking loop in place of the standard prompt gate, early-late gate scheme commonly in use. The presence of multipath distorts the response curve of the correlation gates, resulting in timing bias for the standard receiver. This bias can be estimated and removed by a bank of correlators occupying the timing error range defined by the early-late gate combination, resulting in a receiver that is robust in comparison with its standard counterpart. The acquisition performance of a standard GPS receiver and the proposed robust GPS receiver is compared to illustrate the improvement that can be obtained through the use of a correlation bank.
{"title":"Robust GPS receiver for multipath immunity","authors":"R. Monzingo","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2010.5446925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2010.5446925","url":null,"abstract":"A standard Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver is vulnerable to multipath signals. 12 A standard receiver will exhibit bias in the timing estimate if multipath is present. This paper examines how a GPS receiver can be made immune to the presence of multipath by incorporating a bank of correlators in the code-tracking loop in place of the standard prompt gate, early-late gate scheme commonly in use. The presence of multipath distorts the response curve of the correlation gates, resulting in timing bias for the standard receiver. This bias can be estimated and removed by a bank of correlators occupying the timing error range defined by the early-late gate combination, resulting in a receiver that is robust in comparison with its standard counterpart. The acquisition performance of a standard GPS receiver and the proposed robust GPS receiver is compared to illustrate the improvement that can be obtained through the use of a correlation bank.","PeriodicalId":378029,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Aerospace Conference","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123189970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-06DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2010.5446883
Nicholas Merski, J. Colombi
The use of systems architecture, following a set of integrated descriptions from an architecture framework, has been well codified in Department of Defense acquisition and systems engineering. 12However, in the Space Science and Technology (S&T) community, this guidance and practice receives much less attention. This paper outlines an approach to embrace the new focus of DoD Architecture Framework 2.0 (DoDAF2.0), with an emphasis on data and support to acquisition decision analysis. After decomposing the Space S&T lifecycle into phases, design milestones and activities using process models, we then propose a set of lifecycle-matured models and Fit-for-Purpose views. Our approach makes DoDAF2.0 more relevant and integrated with S&T missions, as well as facilitates reuse with existing documentation.
{"title":"Tailored system architecture for design of S&T missions using DoDAF2.0","authors":"Nicholas Merski, J. Colombi","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2010.5446883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2010.5446883","url":null,"abstract":"The use of systems architecture, following a set of integrated descriptions from an architecture framework, has been well codified in Department of Defense acquisition and systems engineering. 12However, in the Space Science and Technology (S&T) community, this guidance and practice receives much less attention. This paper outlines an approach to embrace the new focus of DoD Architecture Framework 2.0 (DoDAF2.0), with an emphasis on data and support to acquisition decision analysis. After decomposing the Space S&T lifecycle into phases, design milestones and activities using process models, we then propose a set of lifecycle-matured models and Fit-for-Purpose views. Our approach makes DoDAF2.0 more relevant and integrated with S&T missions, as well as facilitates reuse with existing documentation.","PeriodicalId":378029,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Aerospace Conference","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114724914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-06DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2010.5446952
S. Raghunandan, S. Sayed, T. Bose, Jeffrey H. Reed
Modeling the space environment of a planet including three dimensional dynamic “imaging” of the magnetosphere warrants the use of constellations of many spacecrafts. Communication among the various space assets and exchange of mission data for more efficient storage and analysis call for a dynamic and reliable technology capable of managing ad-hoc requests subjected to system and environmental constraints. In this paper12, we propose a cognitive radio architecture that can be used as an extension to space based software defined radio. Simulink is used to demonstrate the behavioral model of a system that represents the executable specifications. In order to illustrate some of the key features of the architecture, a basic model has been created in Simulink. This modeling would enable future implementation of the architecture and support any debugging or restructuring.
{"title":"Onboard cognitive radio architecture for space assets communication","authors":"S. Raghunandan, S. Sayed, T. Bose, Jeffrey H. Reed","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2010.5446952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2010.5446952","url":null,"abstract":"Modeling the space environment of a planet including three dimensional dynamic “imaging” of the magnetosphere warrants the use of constellations of many spacecrafts. Communication among the various space assets and exchange of mission data for more efficient storage and analysis call for a dynamic and reliable technology capable of managing ad-hoc requests subjected to system and environmental constraints. In this paper12, we propose a cognitive radio architecture that can be used as an extension to space based software defined radio. Simulink is used to demonstrate the behavioral model of a system that represents the executable specifications. In order to illustrate some of the key features of the architecture, a basic model has been created in Simulink. This modeling would enable future implementation of the architecture and support any debugging or restructuring.","PeriodicalId":378029,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Aerospace Conference","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125451365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-06DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2010.5446964
J. Rock, T. Hudson, Brandon Wolfson, Daniel A. Lawrence, B. Pillans, Andrew R. Brown, L. Coryell
The Aviation and Missile Research, Development and Engineering Center has been involved in an Army Technology Objective (ATO) aimed at furthering phased arrays for both tactical seekers and communication links.1,2 The ATO has been pursuing both MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) and MMIC-based phase shifters with an overall goal of of reducing missile seeker costs by 50% based on the missile mission.
{"title":"Design, fabrication and evaluation of a MEMS-based, Ka-band, 16-element sub-array","authors":"J. Rock, T. Hudson, Brandon Wolfson, Daniel A. Lawrence, B. Pillans, Andrew R. Brown, L. Coryell","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2010.5446964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2010.5446964","url":null,"abstract":"The Aviation and Missile Research, Development and Engineering Center has been involved in an Army Technology Objective (ATO) aimed at furthering phased arrays for both tactical seekers and communication links.1,2 The ATO has been pursuing both MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) and MMIC-based phase shifters with an overall goal of of reducing missile seeker costs by 50% based on the missile mission.","PeriodicalId":378029,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Aerospace Conference","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132369417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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