Abstract In our study, we referred to a large and growing body of literature on voter turnout and voting habits. A careful examination of the voting issue in the context of housing prompted us to assume that a simple division into two groups of voting habits, namely voting and non-voting, may not be sufficient to explore complex relations during the voting process in condominiums. Thus the study addresses the question of whether we can identify more than two homogenous clusters of condominium co-owners, taking into consideration their voting habits. The analysis presented in this paper comprises two stages. First, data relating to condominium co-owner characteristics are forwarded and cluster analysis is used to form subsets of voters. Second, the impact of selected methods of voting on the propensity to vote is assessed using the identified clusters. The applied research strategy led us to distinguish four groups of condominium co-owners: engaged, non-voters, promising and dormant voters. The article contributes to a better understanding of the process of making decisions in condominiums with a focus on voting habits. In particular, we indicated that studies on voting habits provide a solid foundation for more-context dependent studies on the voting process and suggest other areas to study voting habits.
{"title":"Condominium Co-Owners and their Typology Based on their Engagement in the Process of Decision-Making","authors":"J. Węgrzyn, Katarzyna Najbar","doi":"10.2478/remav-2022-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/remav-2022-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In our study, we referred to a large and growing body of literature on voter turnout and voting habits. A careful examination of the voting issue in the context of housing prompted us to assume that a simple division into two groups of voting habits, namely voting and non-voting, may not be sufficient to explore complex relations during the voting process in condominiums. Thus the study addresses the question of whether we can identify more than two homogenous clusters of condominium co-owners, taking into consideration their voting habits. The analysis presented in this paper comprises two stages. First, data relating to condominium co-owner characteristics are forwarded and cluster analysis is used to form subsets of voters. Second, the impact of selected methods of voting on the propensity to vote is assessed using the identified clusters. The applied research strategy led us to distinguish four groups of condominium co-owners: engaged, non-voters, promising and dormant voters. The article contributes to a better understanding of the process of making decisions in condominiums with a focus on voting habits. In particular, we indicated that studies on voting habits provide a solid foundation for more-context dependent studies on the voting process and suggest other areas to study voting habits.","PeriodicalId":37812,"journal":{"name":"Real Estate Management and Valuation","volume":"30 1","pages":"21 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48407462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The economic problems of mortgage takers, especially in light of the global financial crisis, is a very important issue, both from the point of view of housing policy and the stability of the banking sector. The analysis of the situation of mortgagors is usually limited to determining the percentage of mortgages in default. We compared the revealed mortgage repayment problems among Poles (arrears) with the unrevealed ones (such as high housing cost burden, inability to bear unexpected expenses), which we defined as housing cost stress. Next, we compared these problems with those of tenants at market rates. We found that, although we observe only a small percentage of mortgagors who are in arrears with their housing costs in Poland (about 3%), a large proportion of borrowers (about half of them) are in a difficult financial situation. At the same time, we noticed that their situation is still better than that of market rent tenants, because only one in five renters did not experience problems with covering housing costs. Among tenants, singles were much more likely to suffer from housing cost stress.
{"title":"Housing Cost Stress of Mortgagers and Tenants in Poland","authors":"K. Olszewski, A. Matel","doi":"10.2478/remav-2022-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/remav-2022-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The economic problems of mortgage takers, especially in light of the global financial crisis, is a very important issue, both from the point of view of housing policy and the stability of the banking sector. The analysis of the situation of mortgagors is usually limited to determining the percentage of mortgages in default. We compared the revealed mortgage repayment problems among Poles (arrears) with the unrevealed ones (such as high housing cost burden, inability to bear unexpected expenses), which we defined as housing cost stress. Next, we compared these problems with those of tenants at market rates. We found that, although we observe only a small percentage of mortgagors who are in arrears with their housing costs in Poland (about 3%), a large proportion of borrowers (about half of them) are in a difficult financial situation. At the same time, we noticed that their situation is still better than that of market rent tenants, because only one in five renters did not experience problems with covering housing costs. Among tenants, singles were much more likely to suffer from housing cost stress.","PeriodicalId":37812,"journal":{"name":"Real Estate Management and Valuation","volume":"30 1","pages":"61 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41659245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Investors are increasingly allocating capital into the real estate market through indirect investment vehicles such as REITs. There are currently no classic REITs in Poland, but given the experience of other countries and the expectations of Polish investors, an act is being prepared to regulate their functioning. The introduction of legal regulations regarding REITs has not always resulted in successful proliferation of these vehicles in each country. The German market for G-REITs is such an example, were only six G-REITs have evolved. There is also the example of the market in the United States, where extremely dynamic development of such institutions has been observed, especially in the recent years. At the end of 2019, 219 institutions of this type were operating on the US market. The purpose of this article is to identify, based on the experiences of the American and German markets, aspects stimulating and inhibiting the development of the REIT market, and then, on their basis, to recommend certain regulations, which might have been included in the PL-REIT act, and which were not included in first draft of the act in 2018. Taking them into account could cause the Polish act to stimulate the development of REITs in Poland to a greater extent.
{"title":"Lessons from the US and German Reit Markets for Drafting a Polish Reit Act","authors":"Krzysztof Kowalke, Bernhard Funk","doi":"10.2478/remav-2022-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/remav-2022-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Investors are increasingly allocating capital into the real estate market through indirect investment vehicles such as REITs. There are currently no classic REITs in Poland, but given the experience of other countries and the expectations of Polish investors, an act is being prepared to regulate their functioning. The introduction of legal regulations regarding REITs has not always resulted in successful proliferation of these vehicles in each country. The German market for G-REITs is such an example, were only six G-REITs have evolved. There is also the example of the market in the United States, where extremely dynamic development of such institutions has been observed, especially in the recent years. At the end of 2019, 219 institutions of this type were operating on the US market. The purpose of this article is to identify, based on the experiences of the American and German markets, aspects stimulating and inhibiting the development of the REIT market, and then, on their basis, to recommend certain regulations, which might have been included in the PL-REIT act, and which were not included in first draft of the act in 2018. Taking them into account could cause the Polish act to stimulate the development of REITs in Poland to a greater extent.","PeriodicalId":37812,"journal":{"name":"Real Estate Management and Valuation","volume":"30 1","pages":"1 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43900527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In contrast to the outstanding performance of the machine learning approach, its adoption in industry appears to be relatively slow compared to the speed of its proliferation in a variety of business sectors. The low interpretability of a black-box-type model, such as a machine learning-based valuation model, is one reason for this. In this study, house prices in Seoul and Jeollanam Province, South Korea, were estimated using a neural network, a representative model to implement machine learning, and we attempted to interpret the resultant price estimations using an interpretability tool called a partial dependence plot. Partial dependence analysis indicated that locally optimized valuation models should be designed to enhance valuation accuracy: a land-oriented model for Seoul and a building-focused model for the Jeollanam Province. The interpretable machine learning approach is expected to catalyze the adoption of machine learning in the industry, including property valuation.
{"title":"Training and Interpreting Machine Learning Models: Application in Property Tax Assessment","authors":"Chan-Jae Lee","doi":"10.2478/remav-2022-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/remav-2022-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In contrast to the outstanding performance of the machine learning approach, its adoption in industry appears to be relatively slow compared to the speed of its proliferation in a variety of business sectors. The low interpretability of a black-box-type model, such as a machine learning-based valuation model, is one reason for this. In this study, house prices in Seoul and Jeollanam Province, South Korea, were estimated using a neural network, a representative model to implement machine learning, and we attempted to interpret the resultant price estimations using an interpretability tool called a partial dependence plot. Partial dependence analysis indicated that locally optimized valuation models should be designed to enhance valuation accuracy: a land-oriented model for Seoul and a building-focused model for the Jeollanam Province. The interpretable machine learning approach is expected to catalyze the adoption of machine learning in the industry, including property valuation.","PeriodicalId":37812,"journal":{"name":"Real Estate Management and Valuation","volume":"30 1","pages":"13 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47608465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract For a long time, social factors have been identified as a set of crucial determinants of residential location choice and property value. Here, safety and security issues constitute a significant issue. Inhabitants are traditionally concerned about their neighborhoods and housing locations, and, considering current problems in big Western cities, this concern is by no means lessening. The study presents a social innovation for assisting the search for safe housing environments. A list of quantifiable key features regarding negative externalities and actual criminality provides the basis for constructing a checklist for the comparison of safe places within a city, or comparing cities with respect to their safety for housing occupants, investors, developers and other stakeholders. The controversial nature of the argumentation notwithstanding, this method is suggested to prove valuable in circumstances marred by increasing social hazards and turmoil.
{"title":"On Place Safety","authors":"T. Kauko","doi":"10.2478/remav-2022-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/remav-2022-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract For a long time, social factors have been identified as a set of crucial determinants of residential location choice and property value. Here, safety and security issues constitute a significant issue. Inhabitants are traditionally concerned about their neighborhoods and housing locations, and, considering current problems in big Western cities, this concern is by no means lessening. The study presents a social innovation for assisting the search for safe housing environments. A list of quantifiable key features regarding negative externalities and actual criminality provides the basis for constructing a checklist for the comparison of safe places within a city, or comparing cities with respect to their safety for housing occupants, investors, developers and other stakeholders. The controversial nature of the argumentation notwithstanding, this method is suggested to prove valuable in circumstances marred by increasing social hazards and turmoil.","PeriodicalId":37812,"journal":{"name":"Real Estate Management and Valuation","volume":"30 1","pages":"65 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43002574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Development activity in Poland is regulated by many legal provisions, but one of the most important acts for the implementation of developers’ projects is the Act of March 27, 2003 on spatial planning and development. The Act includes, among others, procedures for the preparation and scope of local spatial development plans. One of the parameters significant from the point of view of housing development which these plans define is the minimum and maximum intensity of development and the percentage of biologically active space that should be preserved on a property covered by the investment project. The article adopts two research goals. Firstly, it is an attempt to verify, using examples of selected developers, whether they, as profit-oriented entities, decide to develop the property as much as possible or to keep more undeveloped space, which is a more desirable phenomenon from the environmental point of view. Secondly, an attempt will be made to determine how developers in Poland create a biologically active surface in their projects. Based on desk research, it was found that, among the discussed cases, there is no evident tendency to maximize the permissible built-up areas and the created biologically active areas are sparse and not diversified.
{"title":"Building and Biologically Active area Indices in Developers’ Investments – Theory and Practice","authors":"Agata Antczak-Stępniak","doi":"10.2478/remav-2022-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/remav-2022-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Development activity in Poland is regulated by many legal provisions, but one of the most important acts for the implementation of developers’ projects is the Act of March 27, 2003 on spatial planning and development. The Act includes, among others, procedures for the preparation and scope of local spatial development plans. One of the parameters significant from the point of view of housing development which these plans define is the minimum and maximum intensity of development and the percentage of biologically active space that should be preserved on a property covered by the investment project. The article adopts two research goals. Firstly, it is an attempt to verify, using examples of selected developers, whether they, as profit-oriented entities, decide to develop the property as much as possible or to keep more undeveloped space, which is a more desirable phenomenon from the environmental point of view. Secondly, an attempt will be made to determine how developers in Poland create a biologically active surface in their projects. Based on desk research, it was found that, among the discussed cases, there is no evident tendency to maximize the permissible built-up areas and the created biologically active areas are sparse and not diversified.","PeriodicalId":37812,"journal":{"name":"Real Estate Management and Valuation","volume":"30 1","pages":"53 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45303925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The increasing land-use intensity in developing-country cities necessitates land markets supported by active land titling. The study of land titling patronage is critical in a developing country like Nigeria, where the state of development necessitates determining who has rights to lands, for what purposes, and for how long on the available relatively scarce expanse of land. Data for the study was obtained from the Ondo State Ministry of Lands and Housing and the household heads of the purposive selected private layouts/estates within the study area. Data were analyzed using both the Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimates as well as discriminant function analysis. The findings revealed a monotonously decreasing trend in the demand for titling in the study area which was statistically significant at 0.01 in decreasing order from 2009 to 2018. Further analysis showed that the education level of the head of the household as well as propensity to obtain loan/engage in the subsequent transactions were the most important determinant as to whether a landowner would title land or not. The study will be useful for public enlightenment, policy formulation, policy implementation, professionals and scholars, as well as in academic debates.
{"title":"Land Titling Patronage in Cities of Developing Countries: A Situation Analysis of Akure, Nigeria","authors":"V. Ige, R. A. Oladapo, M. Adebayo","doi":"10.2478/remav-2022-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/remav-2022-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The increasing land-use intensity in developing-country cities necessitates land markets supported by active land titling. The study of land titling patronage is critical in a developing country like Nigeria, where the state of development necessitates determining who has rights to lands, for what purposes, and for how long on the available relatively scarce expanse of land. Data for the study was obtained from the Ondo State Ministry of Lands and Housing and the household heads of the purposive selected private layouts/estates within the study area. Data were analyzed using both the Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimates as well as discriminant function analysis. The findings revealed a monotonously decreasing trend in the demand for titling in the study area which was statistically significant at 0.01 in decreasing order from 2009 to 2018. Further analysis showed that the education level of the head of the household as well as propensity to obtain loan/engage in the subsequent transactions were the most important determinant as to whether a landowner would title land or not. The study will be useful for public enlightenment, policy formulation, policy implementation, professionals and scholars, as well as in academic debates.","PeriodicalId":37812,"journal":{"name":"Real Estate Management and Valuation","volume":"30 1","pages":"23 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49612493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article contributes to research into price dynamics on the real estate market. It proposes a simplified index-based speculative frame method for measuring above-average increases and decreases in real estate prices and monitoring market performance. The theoretical part of the article reviews the literature on the implications of real estate market stability on the economy, monitoring market development, and standard methods for analyzing the housing market with special emphasis on index-based methods. The experimental part of the article presents the results of a study analyzing more than 100,000 transactions on the Warsaw housing market between 2004 and 2015, a period characterized by a considerable increase in house prices. The price dynamics of apartments on the Warsaw real estate market was determined with the use of a time variable. The turning point in the market trend was identified. This article contributes to research into price dynamics on the real estate market.
{"title":"The Application of the Simplified Speculative Frame Method for Monitoring the Development of the Housing Market","authors":"Justyna Brzezicka","doi":"10.2478/remav-2022-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/remav-2022-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article contributes to research into price dynamics on the real estate market. It proposes a simplified index-based speculative frame method for measuring above-average increases and decreases in real estate prices and monitoring market performance. The theoretical part of the article reviews the literature on the implications of real estate market stability on the economy, monitoring market development, and standard methods for analyzing the housing market with special emphasis on index-based methods. The experimental part of the article presents the results of a study analyzing more than 100,000 transactions on the Warsaw housing market between 2004 and 2015, a period characterized by a considerable increase in house prices. The price dynamics of apartments on the Warsaw real estate market was determined with the use of a time variable. The turning point in the market trend was identified. This article contributes to research into price dynamics on the real estate market.","PeriodicalId":37812,"journal":{"name":"Real Estate Management and Valuation","volume":"30 1","pages":"84 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42775322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A good image of millennials’ residential rental space is an important issue. This image can be impacted by the available telecommunication technology. Social media marketing can, therefore, be an important marketing tool to achieve it. Many studies have shown that a good brand image positively impacts brand preference. This study quantitatively investigated the impact of social media attributes of trendiness, entertainment, customization, information, interaction on Sandton’s rental market’s brand image, and the relationship between this image and millennials’ rental preference. Data were collected from millennials who have lived, live or intend to live in Sandton. Structural equation modeling was employed for data analysis. The findings of the study are that entertainment, customization, and information positively impact Sandton’s image and that trendiness and interactions do not. Also, the image of Sandton’s rental market has a positive influence on the millennials’ preferences as to rental housing. The outcomes will find application for both academics and management practice as will be shown below.
{"title":"Social Media Marketing Attributes, Sandton’s Rental Market Brand Image, and the Millennials’ Rental Preference: An Empirical Study","authors":"Mthobisi Nhlabathi, F. Mgiba, Neo Ligaraba","doi":"10.2478/remav-2022-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/remav-2022-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A good image of millennials’ residential rental space is an important issue. This image can be impacted by the available telecommunication technology. Social media marketing can, therefore, be an important marketing tool to achieve it. Many studies have shown that a good brand image positively impacts brand preference. This study quantitatively investigated the impact of social media attributes of trendiness, entertainment, customization, information, interaction on Sandton’s rental market’s brand image, and the relationship between this image and millennials’ rental preference. Data were collected from millennials who have lived, live or intend to live in Sandton. Structural equation modeling was employed for data analysis. The findings of the study are that entertainment, customization, and information positively impact Sandton’s image and that trendiness and interactions do not. Also, the image of Sandton’s rental market has a positive influence on the millennials’ preferences as to rental housing. The outcomes will find application for both academics and management practice as will be shown below.","PeriodicalId":37812,"journal":{"name":"Real Estate Management and Valuation","volume":"30 1","pages":"34 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45472137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The real estate market in areas with many socio-economic activities needs to be strictly managed due to the difference between the market price of urban land and the price of land set by the state. This study identifies and analyzes the influence of some factors on land prices in peri-urban areas to develop land pricing standards consistent with the price level in Nghe An province. The study surveyed 362 land users and 200 samples of successfully transferred properties in the study area. Based on the multivariate regression method, the study builds a residential land price model and calculates the market price of residential land. The authors also established a map of land value areas to help State agencies manage land prices effectively. The research serves as a basis for State agencies to study the formation and development of the real estate market to develop appropriate land price management measures.
{"title":"Land Price Regression Model and Land Value Region Map to Support Residential Land Price Management: A Study in Nghe an Province, Vietnam","authors":"P. Hà, N. Tuan, Nguyen Van Quan, Nguyen Van Trung","doi":"10.2478/remav-2022-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/remav-2022-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The real estate market in areas with many socio-economic activities needs to be strictly managed due to the difference between the market price of urban land and the price of land set by the state. This study identifies and analyzes the influence of some factors on land prices in peri-urban areas to develop land pricing standards consistent with the price level in Nghe An province. The study surveyed 362 land users and 200 samples of successfully transferred properties in the study area. Based on the multivariate regression method, the study builds a residential land price model and calculates the market price of residential land. The authors also established a map of land value areas to help State agencies manage land prices effectively. The research serves as a basis for State agencies to study the formation and development of the real estate market to develop appropriate land price management measures.","PeriodicalId":37812,"journal":{"name":"Real Estate Management and Valuation","volume":"30 1","pages":"71 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45827996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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