Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.30759/1728-9718-2023-1(78)-6-14
A. Vybornov, M. Kulkova
In the Low Volga region, the diversity of cultures seems to have manifested itself particularly evident in such transition periods as the Neolithic and the Eneolithic when metallurgy and domestication appeared. However, a reliable source base must support these suggestions. Recently discovered sites characterized by clear stratigraphy as well as settlements with a single cultural layer give more additional information. A marker of the Later Neolithic in the pottery typology is the influx inside of vessel corolla. The combing technique in the ornamentation of vessels is an indicator of non-local culture. Stone maces can be a marker of the Later Neolithic. The lack of copper items makes it difficult to attribute the complexes to the Early Eneolithic. The morphological features of pottery could not be clearly a criterion of belonging to the Early Metal epoch. Syncretic signs can be explained by both transition features and coexistence. Quantitative indicators of stone tools do not indicate the attribution to later stages like vestigial Neolithic or Neo-Neolithic periods. Forming radiocarbon dates array makes the question about the coexistence of Neolithic and Eneolithic cultures clearer. It is possible to determine the transition periods. A criterion of that can be a change of raw material base, the technique of an enhanced push-up for stone tool production, the arrow points with double-sided retouching, preservation of liner technology, the change of vessel shapes and system of pottery ornamentation, development of domestication. The paleoclimatic factors influenced the transition from the Neolithic to the Early Eneolithic as well.
{"title":"PROBLEMS IN THE STUDY OF PERIODIZATION OF THE NEOLITHIC–ENEOLITHIC IN THE LOW VOLGA REGION","authors":"A. Vybornov, M. Kulkova","doi":"10.30759/1728-9718-2023-1(78)-6-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2023-1(78)-6-14","url":null,"abstract":"In the Low Volga region, the diversity of cultures seems to have manifested itself particularly evident in such transition periods as the Neolithic and the Eneolithic when metallurgy and domestication appeared. However, a reliable source base must support these suggestions. Recently discovered sites characterized by clear stratigraphy as well as settlements with a single cultural layer give more additional information. A marker of the Later Neolithic in the pottery typology is the influx inside of vessel corolla. The combing technique in the ornamentation of vessels is an indicator of non-local culture. Stone maces can be a marker of the Later Neolithic. The lack of copper items makes it difficult to attribute the complexes to the Early Eneolithic. The morphological features of pottery could not be clearly a criterion of belonging to the Early Metal epoch. Syncretic signs can be explained by both transition features and coexistence. Quantitative indicators of stone tools do not indicate the attribution to later stages like vestigial Neolithic or Neo-Neolithic periods. Forming radiocarbon dates array makes the question about the coexistence of Neolithic and Eneolithic cultures clearer. It is possible to determine the transition periods. A criterion of that can be a change of raw material base, the technique of an enhanced push-up for stone tool production, the arrow points with double-sided retouching, preservation of liner technology, the change of vessel shapes and system of pottery ornamentation, development of domestication. The paleoclimatic factors influenced the transition from the Neolithic to the Early Eneolithic as well.","PeriodicalId":37813,"journal":{"name":"Ural''skij Istoriceskij Vestnik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69597458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.30759/1728-9718-2023-1(78)-65-73
Alexei O. Stepnov, S. A. Nekrylov
The article examines the boundaries between the subgroups within the Tomsk University community in the context of the policy of “Proletarianization” in the Soviet Higher School during the 1920s. The project of “Proletarianization” was mainly aimed at changing the social composition of students and professoriate as well. The social modernization of the professors’ subgroup required a longer time, therefore, the “proletarian” students were thought of as not only the upcoming change of professoriate, but also as a tool of pressure “from below” on the “starye” (“old”) professors. The contraposition of these categories within the universities spaces is also typical for historiography. The exception is made mainly in connection with the revision of the specific qualities of particular groups (for example, the revisionist characterization of the “vydvizhentsy” as agents of the reassertion of traditional values in the 1930s). However, the democratic traditions of the “old” professors, who at Tomsk University were characterized by the estate composition not quite standard for classical universities in pre-revolutionary Russia, largely determined the tolerant attitude of a considerable part of them to the “proletarian” students. It is emphasized that the “proletarian” students often recognized the “old” professors as “ours”. The boundaries between the “old” professors and the “red” students turned out to be plastic, and the role models of behavior chosen by them were unstable and often did not meet the expected standards. Actually, the models of “professoriate” and “studentship” imagined by the party members turned out to be substantialized. The repressive imposition of these models on the actual identity map of the University community generated a perception failure and an atmosphere of distrust in the community, which became one of the prerequisites for the anxious realities of the Stalin era.
{"title":"“PROLETARIANIZING” THE SOVIET HIGHER SCHOOL: A CASE STUDY OF TOMSK UNIVERSITY","authors":"Alexei O. Stepnov, S. A. Nekrylov","doi":"10.30759/1728-9718-2023-1(78)-65-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2023-1(78)-65-73","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the boundaries between the subgroups within the Tomsk University community in the context of the policy of “Proletarianization” in the Soviet Higher School during the 1920s. The project of “Proletarianization” was mainly aimed at changing the social composition of students and professoriate as well. The social modernization of the professors’ subgroup required a longer time, therefore, the “proletarian” students were thought of as not only the upcoming change of professoriate, but also as a tool of pressure “from below” on the “starye” (“old”) professors. The contraposition of these categories within the universities spaces is also typical for historiography. The exception is made mainly in connection with the revision of the specific qualities of particular groups (for example, the revisionist characterization of the “vydvizhentsy” as agents of the reassertion of traditional values in the 1930s). However, the democratic traditions of the “old” professors, who at Tomsk University were characterized by the estate composition not quite standard for classical universities in pre-revolutionary Russia, largely determined the tolerant attitude of a considerable part of them to the “proletarian” students. It is emphasized that the “proletarian” students often recognized the “old” professors as “ours”. The boundaries between the “old” professors and the “red” students turned out to be plastic, and the role models of behavior chosen by them were unstable and often did not meet the expected standards. Actually, the models of “professoriate” and “studentship” imagined by the party members turned out to be substantialized. The repressive imposition of these models on the actual identity map of the University community generated a perception failure and an atmosphere of distrust in the community, which became one of the prerequisites for the anxious realities of the Stalin era.","PeriodicalId":37813,"journal":{"name":"Ural''skij Istoriceskij Vestnik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69597500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.30759/1728-9718-2023-2(79)-146-150
Sergey Botalov, I. Grudochko
In the autumn of 2021, a new medieval site of Aktyuba was discovered in the Southern Urals. As a result of the research, a sacrificial complex was discovered, consisting of a richly decorated horse harness with polymetallic (silver, gold) shields in the Hungarian (Carpathian) style, as well as a belt consisting of a buckle and shields of the Altai (Srostki) style. The subsequent cartography of such materials indicates that they are distributed in sites of the Hungarian type, located in a strip from Altai to the Carpathian basin. Radiocarbon dating of the complex of the Srostki and Carpathian styles at the burial grounds of Uyelgi and Aktyuba made it possible to determine that they coexist in the Southern Trans-Urals within the 9th century, i. e ., before the exodus of the Hungarians to a new homeland. In this regard, the authors conclude that the “Carpathian” style seems to be a new special pictorial concept, which is based on the ideas and pictorial plots of the Sayano-Altai. It is a kind of rethought and artistic reworking of the same plant ornamentation, which is based on flowers, leaves, buds and fruits of the Tree of Life, as well as plots of anthropomorphic and zoomorphic Buddhist-Nestorian semantics. From this follows the assumption that the origin of Hungarian pictorial motifs did not take place in the Carpathian basin, but in the contact zone, which was the Southern Trans-Urals, under the direct influence of immigrants from the Sayano-Altai regions. At the same time, the production and raw materials resources of the Southern Urals are by no means inferior to the Altai deposits. In this regard, it is not accidental that the direct mixing of these styles takes place in the burial complexes of Uyelgi and Aktyuba.
{"title":"ON THE CULTURAL ATTRIBUTION OF ONE TYPE OF THE SROSTKI BELT SET","authors":"Sergey Botalov, I. Grudochko","doi":"10.30759/1728-9718-2023-2(79)-146-150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2023-2(79)-146-150","url":null,"abstract":"In the autumn of 2021, a new medieval site of Aktyuba was discovered in the Southern Urals. As a result of the research, a sacrificial complex was discovered, consisting of a richly decorated horse harness with polymetallic (silver, gold) shields in the Hungarian (Carpathian) style, as well as a belt consisting of a buckle and shields of the Altai (Srostki) style. The subsequent cartography of such materials indicates that they are distributed in sites of the Hungarian type, located in a strip from Altai to the Carpathian basin. Radiocarbon dating of the complex of the Srostki and Carpathian styles at the burial grounds of Uyelgi and Aktyuba made it possible to determine that they coexist in the Southern Trans-Urals within the 9th century, i. e ., before the exodus of the Hungarians to a new homeland. In this regard, the authors conclude that the “Carpathian” style seems to be a new special pictorial concept, which is based on the ideas and pictorial plots of the Sayano-Altai. It is a kind of rethought and artistic reworking of the same plant ornamentation, which is based on flowers, leaves, buds and fruits of the Tree of Life, as well as plots of anthropomorphic and zoomorphic Buddhist-Nestorian semantics. From this follows the assumption that the origin of Hungarian pictorial motifs did not take place in the Carpathian basin, but in the contact zone, which was the Southern Trans-Urals, under the direct influence of immigrants from the Sayano-Altai regions. At the same time, the production and raw materials resources of the Southern Urals are by no means inferior to the Altai deposits. In this regard, it is not accidental that the direct mixing of these styles takes place in the burial complexes of Uyelgi and Aktyuba.","PeriodicalId":37813,"journal":{"name":"Ural''skij Istoriceskij Vestnik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69597636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.30759/1728-9718-2023-3(80)-175-181
Irina I. Leyman
In the 19th — early 20th centuries Russian Empire the main advertising load fell precisely on periodicals, which determines the importance of advertisements in the periodicals as a source on the history of regional entrepreneurship and trade. Researchers have repeatedly emphasized the significant role of a provincial gazette as an advertising medium. The article considers advertisements published by merchants in the Vologda Provincial Gazette from the first issue in 1838 to 1860. The dynamics of the number of advertisements demonstrates, first, a gradual increase in the importance of the Gazette as a regional mass media and the understanding of this trend by merchants; second, a general intensification of the role of advertising in the field of entrepreneurship. The geography of advertisements correctly reflects the system of trade relations in the province. The subject matter of the ads was quite diverse (haberdashery, printed materials, raw materials, foodstuffs, household goods) and covered mainly elite groups of goods, although agricultural raw materials accounted for a significant share of the advertising objects. An analysis of the ads genre specificity indicates the predominance of narrative ones; the incentive function largely begins to manifest itself in the texts of the 1850s. Graphic design of advertisements in the period under review can be already encountered, but it is not widespread.
{"title":"THE ORIGIN OF ADVERTISING IN THE RUSSIAN PROVINCE (BY THE EXAMPLE OF MERCHANT’S ANNOUNCEMENTS IN THE “VOLOGDA PROVINCIAL GAZETTE” OF THE SECOND THIRD OF THE 19TH CENTURY)","authors":"Irina I. Leyman","doi":"10.30759/1728-9718-2023-3(80)-175-181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2023-3(80)-175-181","url":null,"abstract":"In the 19th — early 20th centuries Russian Empire the main advertising load fell precisely on periodicals, which determines the importance of advertisements in the periodicals as a source on the history of regional entrepreneurship and trade. Researchers have repeatedly emphasized the significant role of a provincial gazette as an advertising medium. The article considers advertisements published by merchants in the Vologda Provincial Gazette from the first issue in 1838 to 1860. The dynamics of the number of advertisements demonstrates, first, a gradual increase in the importance of the Gazette as a regional mass media and the understanding of this trend by merchants; second, a general intensification of the role of advertising in the field of entrepreneurship. The geography of advertisements correctly reflects the system of trade relations in the province. The subject matter of the ads was quite diverse (haberdashery, printed materials, raw materials, foodstuffs, household goods) and covered mainly elite groups of goods, although agricultural raw materials accounted for a significant share of the advertising objects. An analysis of the ads genre specificity indicates the predominance of narrative ones; the incentive function largely begins to manifest itself in the texts of the 1850s. Graphic design of advertisements in the period under review can be already encountered, but it is not widespread.","PeriodicalId":37813,"journal":{"name":"Ural''skij Istoriceskij Vestnik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135698911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.30759/1728-9718-2023-1(78)-114-122
V. Davydov, Elena A. Davydova, V. Beliaeva-Sachuk
In this article, the authors, relying on extensive field materials gathered among representatives of various indigenous groups of the Russian Arctic, consider the dynamics of gastronomic trends unfolding under the influence of globalization processes. They analyze the sustainable components associated with ideas about the nutritional value of food and characterizing the alimentary culture of the indigenous peoples of Chukotka, Taimyr and the Kola Peninsula. A new distinguishing feature of modern national feasts is traced — an orientation towards demonstrating the diversity of tastes. In recent years, the portioning of meals oriented towards serving guests has changed significantly. First, this is due to the transformation of the temporality (temporal regime) of feasts, which are now largely aimed at external visitors. This strategy is designed to create a completely different sense of satiety for guests of official events, which is the result of tasting a variety of dishes, accompanied by a visual perception of abundance. The authors believe that today the basis of the celebration is precisely the presentation of the variety of tastes for the Other — an external observer. At the same time, there have been significant changes in the production and consumption of food products. Arctic cuisine is becoming popular in large cities of the European part of Russia. Northern brands are advertised as authentic and original, associated with the harshness of the climate and environmentally friendly products. The preparation of national dishes should be considered as a creative and constructive process, which is influenced by global trends and new technologies.
{"title":"“THE TASTES OF THE ARCTIC”: NEW GASTRONOMIC TRENDS IN CHUKOTKA, TAIMYR AND KOLA POLAR REGION","authors":"V. Davydov, Elena A. Davydova, V. Beliaeva-Sachuk","doi":"10.30759/1728-9718-2023-1(78)-114-122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2023-1(78)-114-122","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the authors, relying on extensive field materials gathered among representatives of various indigenous groups of the Russian Arctic, consider the dynamics of gastronomic trends unfolding under the influence of globalization processes. They analyze the sustainable components associated with ideas about the nutritional value of food and characterizing the alimentary culture of the indigenous peoples of Chukotka, Taimyr and the Kola Peninsula. A new distinguishing feature of modern national feasts is traced — an orientation towards demonstrating the diversity of tastes. In recent years, the portioning of meals oriented towards serving guests has changed significantly. First, this is due to the transformation of the temporality (temporal regime) of feasts, which are now largely aimed at external visitors. This strategy is designed to create a completely different sense of satiety for guests of official events, which is the result of tasting a variety of dishes, accompanied by a visual perception of abundance. The authors believe that today the basis of the celebration is precisely the presentation of the variety of tastes for the Other — an external observer. At the same time, there have been significant changes in the production and consumption of food products. Arctic cuisine is becoming popular in large cities of the European part of Russia. Northern brands are advertised as authentic and original, associated with the harshness of the climate and environmentally friendly products. The preparation of national dishes should be considered as a creative and constructive process, which is influenced by global trends and new technologies.","PeriodicalId":37813,"journal":{"name":"Ural''skij Istoriceskij Vestnik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69596187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.30759/1728-9718-2023-1(78)-38-45
V. Mosin
To date, more than 50 sites with Neolithic layers have been explored in the forest-steppe Trans-Urals. Of these, at least 20 were excavated at different times and in different areas. The sites presented in this study are located from the eastern slope of the Southern Trans-Urals up to the confluence of the Miass River with the Iset River (Tashkovo I). At the moment, 58 radiocarbon dates are available for 13 sites. The dates are not evenly distributed among the sites. It is quite difficult to consider the relative chronology of the Neolithic sites of the forest-steppe Trans-Urals, since not all sites have radiocarbon dating, there are practically no dates obtained by the AMS-method, and most dating sites have a very large confidence interval. For the first time, the Neolithic population of the Kozlovskaya tradition appeared in the forest-steppe of the Trans-Urals at the beginning of the 6th millennium BC at the Tashkovo I settlement. The late Neolithic complexes of the Poludenskaya and Boborykino traditions appear in the second half of the 6th millennium BC and occupy most of the 5th millennium BC. In the Eneolithic of the forest-steppe Trans-Urals, almost throughout the middle of the 5th to the beginning of the 3rd millennium BC almost all existing cultural traditions continued to coexist. It should be noted that the earliest tradition in the Eneolithic of the region was the tradition of ornamentation with a comb stamp with simple (linear) and geometric patterns.
{"title":"CHRONOLOGY OF THE NEOLITHIC AND ENEOLITHIC SITES IN THE FOREST-STEPPE TRANS-URALS","authors":"V. Mosin","doi":"10.30759/1728-9718-2023-1(78)-38-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2023-1(78)-38-45","url":null,"abstract":"To date, more than 50 sites with Neolithic layers have been explored in the forest-steppe Trans-Urals. Of these, at least 20 were excavated at different times and in different areas. The sites presented in this study are located from the eastern slope of the Southern Trans-Urals up to the confluence of the Miass River with the Iset River (Tashkovo I). At the moment, 58 radiocarbon dates are available for 13 sites. The dates are not evenly distributed among the sites. It is quite difficult to consider the relative chronology of the Neolithic sites of the forest-steppe Trans-Urals, since not all sites have radiocarbon dating, there are practically no dates obtained by the AMS-method, and most dating sites have a very large confidence interval. For the first time, the Neolithic population of the Kozlovskaya tradition appeared in the forest-steppe of the Trans-Urals at the beginning of the 6th millennium BC at the Tashkovo I settlement. The late Neolithic complexes of the Poludenskaya and Boborykino traditions appear in the second half of the 6th millennium BC and occupy most of the 5th millennium BC. In the Eneolithic of the forest-steppe Trans-Urals, almost throughout the middle of the 5th to the beginning of the 3rd millennium BC almost all existing cultural traditions continued to coexist. It should be noted that the earliest tradition in the Eneolithic of the region was the tradition of ornamentation with a comb stamp with simple (linear) and geometric patterns.","PeriodicalId":37813,"journal":{"name":"Ural''skij Istoriceskij Vestnik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69597714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.30759/1728-9718-2023-2(79)-16-26
V. Isupov
The Second World War attracts the closest attention of researchers. The history of the war seems to have been studied in particular detail. Nevertheless, many issues related to the socio-demographic aspects of the war remain poorly researched. Among them, the problems of urban population dynamics stand out. It was not until late 1980s — early 1990s that Russian historiography has shifted towards the study of such aspects of the urbanization of the war years as the reproduction of Russia’s urban population. However, even today, such important subjects as nuptiality patterns remain outside the attention of researchers. The article interprets nuptiality as the process of forming a marriage structure based on the conclusion and dissolution of marriages. This, first of all, determines the scientific novelty of the article. On the basis of new sources, many of which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, it considers such problems as the dynamics of the number of registered marriages in 1939–1945, as well as the transformation of structural indicators of marriage. The perturbation effect of military mobilizations on the marriage dynamics is shown. Considerable attention is paid to the analysis of the crisis of marriage during the war years, the impact of gender asymmetry on the parameters of marriage. The problem of divorce during the war years is not ignored as well. The author identifies fundamental differences in the marriage rate of the urban and rural population, reveals the main trends in the demographic policy of the Stalinist state in the field of marriage.
{"title":"THE CRISIS OF THE INSTITUTE OF MARRIAGE IN THE RSFSR URBAN POPULATION DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR","authors":"V. Isupov","doi":"10.30759/1728-9718-2023-2(79)-16-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2023-2(79)-16-26","url":null,"abstract":"The Second World War attracts the closest attention of researchers. The history of the war seems to have been studied in particular detail. Nevertheless, many issues related to the socio-demographic aspects of the war remain poorly researched. Among them, the problems of urban population dynamics stand out. It was not until late 1980s — early 1990s that Russian historiography has shifted towards the study of such aspects of the urbanization of the war years as the reproduction of Russia’s urban population. However, even today, such important subjects as nuptiality patterns remain outside the attention of researchers. The article interprets nuptiality as the process of forming a marriage structure based on the conclusion and dissolution of marriages. This, first of all, determines the scientific novelty of the article. On the basis of new sources, many of which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, it considers such problems as the dynamics of the number of registered marriages in 1939–1945, as well as the transformation of structural indicators of marriage. The perturbation effect of military mobilizations on the marriage dynamics is shown. Considerable attention is paid to the analysis of the crisis of marriage during the war years, the impact of gender asymmetry on the parameters of marriage. The problem of divorce during the war years is not ignored as well. The author identifies fundamental differences in the marriage rate of the urban and rural population, reveals the main trends in the demographic policy of the Stalinist state in the field of marriage.","PeriodicalId":37813,"journal":{"name":"Ural''skij Istoriceskij Vestnik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69597725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.30759/1728-9718-2023-3(80)-74-81
Liubov V. Mashtakova
The article is devoted to Yury N. Verkhovsky’s scientific and poetic works of the period of the Great Patriotic war evacuation to Sverdlovsk (1941–1944). Its goal is to explore the options for transforming the Russian symbolism ideas in Soviet official literature. The material for the study includes poetry (the collection of poems Budet Tak [It Will Be So], 1943; poems published in the press), articles, reports, reviews by Verkhovsky and a memoirs and reviews of his contemporaries. Some excerpts from Verkhovsky’s works published in the newspapers Uralsky Rabochiy [The Ural Worker] and Literatyrny Ural [Literary Ural] are analyzed and re-published for the first time. Based on a comparative and hermeneutic analysis of this material, it is shown that the ideas of the presence and development of a special poetic language, and of a special “plastic force” that filling and driving a work, and of a continuity in literature (genre, motif), which were perceived him from the poet and philologist Aleksander N. Veselovsky, were consistently developed in his articles and reports and formed an original theory of the classification of types of poetic creativity (“the singer”, “the plastic artist”, “the sage”) and found practical application on the Ural literary material. Taking an active part in the literary life of the Urals, Verkhovsky saw there the formation of a renewed Russian/Soviet classics, successive in relation to the “Golden age” of Russian literature and ancient classical examples. A special place is given to the personality and work of the Ural writer Pavel P. Bazhov in the reception of Verkhovsky. A hypothesis is made about the closeness of Bazhov, from the point of view of Verkhovsky’s concept, to symbolism. An analysis of the corpus of Verkhovsky’s wartime lyrics shows how his aesthetic and poetological views, supplemented by ideas which were perceived him during the years of apprenticeship with Ivanov, were embodied in the themes, motifs, forms that he used, showing, thus, an example of an original combination of artistic and philosophical discoveries of the Silver Age with current themes and pathos of the Soviet press.
{"title":"A SYMBOLIST IN WARTIME SVERDLOVSK: YURY N. VERKHOVSKY’S LATE WORKS IN THE LIGHT OF THE IDEAS OF VYACH. I. IVANOV AND A. N. VESELOVSKY","authors":"Liubov V. Mashtakova","doi":"10.30759/1728-9718-2023-3(80)-74-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2023-3(80)-74-81","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to Yury N. Verkhovsky’s scientific and poetic works of the period of the Great Patriotic war evacuation to Sverdlovsk (1941–1944). Its goal is to explore the options for transforming the Russian symbolism ideas in Soviet official literature. The material for the study includes poetry (the collection of poems Budet Tak [It Will Be So], 1943; poems published in the press), articles, reports, reviews by Verkhovsky and a memoirs and reviews of his contemporaries. Some excerpts from Verkhovsky’s works published in the newspapers Uralsky Rabochiy [The Ural Worker] and Literatyrny Ural [Literary Ural] are analyzed and re-published for the first time. Based on a comparative and hermeneutic analysis of this material, it is shown that the ideas of the presence and development of a special poetic language, and of a special “plastic force” that filling and driving a work, and of a continuity in literature (genre, motif), which were perceived him from the poet and philologist Aleksander N. Veselovsky, were consistently developed in his articles and reports and formed an original theory of the classification of types of poetic creativity (“the singer”, “the plastic artist”, “the sage”) and found practical application on the Ural literary material. Taking an active part in the literary life of the Urals, Verkhovsky saw there the formation of a renewed Russian/Soviet classics, successive in relation to the “Golden age” of Russian literature and ancient classical examples. A special place is given to the personality and work of the Ural writer Pavel P. Bazhov in the reception of Verkhovsky. A hypothesis is made about the closeness of Bazhov, from the point of view of Verkhovsky’s concept, to symbolism. An analysis of the corpus of Verkhovsky’s wartime lyrics shows how his aesthetic and poetological views, supplemented by ideas which were perceived him during the years of apprenticeship with Ivanov, were embodied in the themes, motifs, forms that he used, showing, thus, an example of an original combination of artistic and philosophical discoveries of the Silver Age with current themes and pathos of the Soviet press.","PeriodicalId":37813,"journal":{"name":"Ural''skij Istoriceskij Vestnik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135698918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.30759/1728-9718-2023-3(80)-55-64
Maria A. Litovskaya, Elena K. Sozina
The article discusses the development of a literary narrative about Ekaterinburg — Sverdlovsk, associated with utopian projects for the organization of urban life. The subject of utopia was most often the administrative bodies, and framed each of the ideas, recorded the signs of its implementation and the emotional reaction of the urban community. All new generations of writers, including in their texts the images of Ekaterinburg — Sverdlovsk developed by their predecessors, were carried away by the idea of the city’s “mission”, described its everyday life and growing dissatisfaction with it. An analysis of changes in the city image leads to the conclusion that Ekaterinburg went through three “turns” of descriptions along similar vectors. In the 18th — early 20th century the Ekaterinburg founders’ dreams about “a model in the model world of state-owned mining plants” were replaced first by the image of the city as a “living knot”, and then by its image as an ordinary provincial city. Since the mid-1920s, the image of the “city of Sverdlov” has been formed in literature — a “model Soviet city” that rejected the past. Sverdlovsk is perceived as an “arsenal city”, but by the end of the 1940s, the image of the regional center beloved by the inhabitants was localized. In the 1990s, the fate of the “third capital” was predicted for Ekaterinburg, but in parallel, the motives of increasing provincialization and the predestination of the fate of the place were developing in the literature.
{"title":"EKATERINBURG — SVERDLOVSK: LITERARY METAMORPHOSES OF THE CITY IMAGE IN THE LIGHT OF UTOPIAN PROJECTS","authors":"Maria A. Litovskaya, Elena K. Sozina","doi":"10.30759/1728-9718-2023-3(80)-55-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2023-3(80)-55-64","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the development of a literary narrative about Ekaterinburg — Sverdlovsk, associated with utopian projects for the organization of urban life. The subject of utopia was most often the administrative bodies, and framed each of the ideas, recorded the signs of its implementation and the emotional reaction of the urban community. All new generations of writers, including in their texts the images of Ekaterinburg — Sverdlovsk developed by their predecessors, were carried away by the idea of the city’s “mission”, described its everyday life and growing dissatisfaction with it. An analysis of changes in the city image leads to the conclusion that Ekaterinburg went through three “turns” of descriptions along similar vectors. In the 18th — early 20th century the Ekaterinburg founders’ dreams about “a model in the model world of state-owned mining plants” were replaced first by the image of the city as a “living knot”, and then by its image as an ordinary provincial city. Since the mid-1920s, the image of the “city of Sverdlov” has been formed in literature — a “model Soviet city” that rejected the past. Sverdlovsk is perceived as an “arsenal city”, but by the end of the 1940s, the image of the regional center beloved by the inhabitants was localized. In the 1990s, the fate of the “third capital” was predicted for Ekaterinburg, but in parallel, the motives of increasing provincialization and the predestination of the fate of the place were developing in the literature.","PeriodicalId":37813,"journal":{"name":"Ural''skij Istoriceskij Vestnik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135698919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.30759/1728-9718-2023-3(80)-166-174
Viktoriya V. Efimova
The article studies the activity of the Arkhangelsk merchant of the first guild Vassily Alekseevich Popov in the first two decades of the 19th century. It clarifies the reasons for the rise and fall of his trading house, which failed to withstand the fierce competition with foreign merchants. The author chose V. A. Popov as an object of study because, firstly, he was one of the largest and most enter-prising among the native merchants of Arkhangelsk of this period, and, secondly, he was able to analyze and generalize his commercial experience, proposing to the government measures aimed at the revival and support of the domestic merchants. His economic reflections embodied a number of typical features of the development of the foreign trade in Russia at the end of the 18th — the first quarter of the 19th century, which influenced the careers of domestic entrepreneurs, namely: the instability of the foreign policy and economic course of the Russian government; conducting trade mainly at their own expense, in contrast to foreign merchants who actively used income from com-mission trade; extreme dependence on patrons among supreme and local officials.
{"title":"COMPETITION IN THE FATE OF A PROVINCIAL MERCHANT: TOUCHES TO THE PORTRAIT OF VASSILY POPOV FROM ARKHANGELSK, 1767–1847","authors":"Viktoriya V. Efimova","doi":"10.30759/1728-9718-2023-3(80)-166-174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2023-3(80)-166-174","url":null,"abstract":"The article studies the activity of the Arkhangelsk merchant of the first guild Vassily Alekseevich Popov in the first two decades of the 19th century. It clarifies the reasons for the rise and fall of his trading house, which failed to withstand the fierce competition with foreign merchants. The author chose V. A. Popov as an object of study because, firstly, he was one of the largest and most enter-prising among the native merchants of Arkhangelsk of this period, and, secondly, he was able to analyze and generalize his commercial experience, proposing to the government measures aimed at the revival and support of the domestic merchants. His economic reflections embodied a number of typical features of the development of the foreign trade in Russia at the end of the 18th — the first quarter of the 19th century, which influenced the careers of domestic entrepreneurs, namely: the instability of the foreign policy and economic course of the Russian government; conducting trade mainly at their own expense, in contrast to foreign merchants who actively used income from com-mission trade; extreme dependence on patrons among supreme and local officials.","PeriodicalId":37813,"journal":{"name":"Ural''skij Istoriceskij Vestnik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135701140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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