Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.30759/1728-9718-2023-1(78)-197-199
I. Sokolovsky
{"title":"A NEW CONTRIBUTION TO THE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF ORTHODOXY IN SIBERIA","authors":"I. Sokolovsky","doi":"10.30759/1728-9718-2023-1(78)-197-199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2023-1(78)-197-199","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37813,"journal":{"name":"Ural''skij Istoriceskij Vestnik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69597696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.30759/1728-9718-2023-2(79)-169-177
V. Voropanov
In modern scholarship, the issues of forming a corps of officials in the peripheral regions of the Russian Empire, as well as legislation aimed at maintaining the proper quality of civil service personnel, remain poorly studied. Meanwhile, the business and moral qualities of officials in Siberia, the largest macro-region of pre-revolutionary Russia, were of exceptional importance: civil servants became the main factor in its integration into the state. The role and importance of personnel policy as one of the key directions of the state regional policy, the features of civil service management in Siberia require proper analysis and evaluation. The purpose of the study is to determine the goals and trends in the development of legislation in the field of state personnel policy in the context of implementing the tasks of integrating Siberia into the Russian Empire in the 1800s–1860s. In this perspective, the theme of the integration of Siberia into Russia is being studied for the first time. The work draws upon the frontier and modernization approaches, which made it possible to most accurately understand and evaluate the essence of the strategies of the supreme power in relation to the peripheral regions of the empire. The article concludes that the need to accelerate the administrative development of the Asian part of Russia required the development of legislation on civil service in the region. The legislation included regulations on promotion to the ranks, awarding orders, payment of funds, permission for vacations, and the appointment of pensions. Imperial legislation took account of local specifics and was aimed at overcoming the shortage and maintaining the quality of personnel necessary to solve the problems of public administration, in particular, in the field of justice.
{"title":"STATE PERSONNEL POLICY AND CIVIL SERVICE MANAGEMENT IN SIBERIA: GENERAL IMPERIAL STANDARDS AND LOCAL SPECIFICS (1800–1860)","authors":"V. Voropanov","doi":"10.30759/1728-9718-2023-2(79)-169-177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2023-2(79)-169-177","url":null,"abstract":"In modern scholarship, the issues of forming a corps of officials in the peripheral regions of the Russian Empire, as well as legislation aimed at maintaining the proper quality of civil service personnel, remain poorly studied. Meanwhile, the business and moral qualities of officials in Siberia, the largest macro-region of pre-revolutionary Russia, were of exceptional importance: civil servants became the main factor in its integration into the state. The role and importance of personnel policy as one of the key directions of the state regional policy, the features of civil service management in Siberia require proper analysis and evaluation. The purpose of the study is to determine the goals and trends in the development of legislation in the field of state personnel policy in the context of implementing the tasks of integrating Siberia into the Russian Empire in the 1800s–1860s. In this perspective, the theme of the integration of Siberia into Russia is being studied for the first time. The work draws upon the frontier and modernization approaches, which made it possible to most accurately understand and evaluate the essence of the strategies of the supreme power in relation to the peripheral regions of the empire. The article concludes that the need to accelerate the administrative development of the Asian part of Russia required the development of legislation on civil service in the region. The legislation included regulations on promotion to the ranks, awarding orders, payment of funds, permission for vacations, and the appointment of pensions. Imperial legislation took account of local specifics and was aimed at overcoming the shortage and maintaining the quality of personnel necessary to solve the problems of public administration, in particular, in the field of justice.","PeriodicalId":37813,"journal":{"name":"Ural''skij Istoriceskij Vestnik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69597736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.30759/1728-9718-2023-3(80)-93-104
Tatiana G. Antipina, Sabina Reinhold, Natalia M. Chairkina, Alesya A. Zorina
The purpose of the research was a comprehensive palaeoecological study of peat deposits from a core in the floodplain of the Mulymya river, reconstruction of changes in climatic parameters and vegetation in the Holocene according to spore-pollen analysis (SPA) and radiocarbon dates. In the course of the study, new data were received from the SPA of the Mulymya core, provided with a series of AMS dates, which made it possible to record changes in climatic parameters and the transformation of forest formations of the Konda left-bank middle taiga province for the period 10180–2720 BP / 8463–977 BC. In the late glacial period (up to 10,000 BP / 8250 BC), the territory represented open spaces with widespread permafrost. In the Early Holocene, 9750–8200 BP / 7750–650 BC, the expansion of woody vegetation began: there was an expansion of forest areas from sparse forests to closed forests. From the beginning, woody vegetation grew in islands of open spruce forests with an admixture of larch and birch with a moss-shrub cover. Pine and birch dominated in the composition of forests by the Middle Holocene, spruce, larch, fir and Siberian cedar were found in admixtures. The instability of the climate is reflected in the variegated stratigraphy of the peat deposit: the alternation of sedge-cotton grass and woody peat with the participation of sphagnum mosses indicates to the hydrological regime fluctuations. The Late Holocene (from 4760–3670 BP / 2850–1650 BC) is characterized by relatively stable climatic conditions; spruce-cedar-pine forests grew in the territory under consideration. The floodplain communities were represented by sedge-cotton grass associations. From 3670 to 2900 BP / 1650–1100 ВС, the floodplain was afforested, which is indicated by the remains of wood in the peat.
本研究的目的是对Mulymya河河漫滩岩心泥炭沉积物进行全面的古生态学研究，并根据孢粉分析(SPA)和放射性碳测年重建全新世气候参数和植被的变化。在研究过程中，获得了Mulymya岩心SPA的新数据，并提供了一系列AMS日期，从而可以记录康达左岸中部针叶林省10180-2720 BP / 8463-977 BC期间气候参数的变化和森林形成的转变。在冰期晚期(直到10,000 BP /公元前8250年)，该地区代表着广泛存在永久冻土的开放空间。早全新世(9750-8200 BP / 7750-650 BC)，木本植被开始扩张，森林面积由疏林向密林扩展。从一开始，木本植被就生长在开放云杉林的岛屿上，其中夹杂着落叶松和桦树以及苔藓灌木覆盖。中全新世森林组成以松木和桦木为主，夹杂有云杉、落叶松、冷杉和西伯利亚雪松。气候的不稳定性反映在泥炭矿床的多样化地层上:莎草-棉草和木质泥炭的交替以及泥炭藓的参与表明了水文制度的波动。晚全新世(4760-3670 BP / 2850-1650 BC)气候条件相对稳定;在审议的领土上生长着云杉松林。漫滩群落以莎草-棉草群落为代表。在3670 ~ 2900 BP / 1650 ~ 1100 ВС期间，漫滩被绿化，泥炭中残留的木材表明了这一点。
{"title":"HOLOCENE OF THE MIDDLE TAIGA SUBZONE OF WESTERN SIBERIA ACCORDING TO PALYNOLOGICAL DATA OF THE SECTION IN THE VALLEY OF THE R. MULYMYA","authors":"Tatiana G. Antipina, Sabina Reinhold, Natalia M. Chairkina, Alesya A. Zorina","doi":"10.30759/1728-9718-2023-3(80)-93-104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2023-3(80)-93-104","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research was a comprehensive palaeoecological study of peat deposits from a core in the floodplain of the Mulymya river, reconstruction of changes in climatic parameters and vegetation in the Holocene according to spore-pollen analysis (SPA) and radiocarbon dates. In the course of the study, new data were received from the SPA of the Mulymya core, provided with a series of AMS dates, which made it possible to record changes in climatic parameters and the transformation of forest formations of the Konda left-bank middle taiga province for the period 10180–2720 BP / 8463–977 BC. In the late glacial period (up to 10,000 BP / 8250 BC), the territory represented open spaces with widespread permafrost. In the Early Holocene, 9750–8200 BP / 7750–650 BC, the expansion of woody vegetation began: there was an expansion of forest areas from sparse forests to closed forests. From the beginning, woody vegetation grew in islands of open spruce forests with an admixture of larch and birch with a moss-shrub cover. Pine and birch dominated in the composition of forests by the Middle Holocene, spruce, larch, fir and Siberian cedar were found in admixtures. The instability of the climate is reflected in the variegated stratigraphy of the peat deposit: the alternation of sedge-cotton grass and woody peat with the participation of sphagnum mosses indicates to the hydrological regime fluctuations. The Late Holocene (from 4760–3670 BP / 2850–1650 BC) is characterized by relatively stable climatic conditions; spruce-cedar-pine forests grew in the territory under consideration. The floodplain communities were represented by sedge-cotton grass associations. From 3670 to 2900 BP / 1650–1100 ВС, the floodplain was afforested, which is indicated by the remains of wood in the peat.","PeriodicalId":37813,"journal":{"name":"Ural''skij Istoriceskij Vestnik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135698954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.30759/1728-9718-2023-2(79)-116-126
I. Usacheva, I. Spiridonov, O. Korochkova
The authors propose to discuss the methodology of searching for the defi nitive indicators of flaking techniques of the Eneolithic — Bronze Age in the mountain-forest Trans-Urals. The methodology is based on a step-by-step cross-referencing analysis of raw materials, technological and morphological characteristics of stone artifacts. The multilayer settlement Shaitanskoe 4–6 stone tools assemblage (the Kirovgrad district, Sverdlovsk Oblast) served as the main resource for the analysis. Main stages of the site’s populating correlated with the Eneolithic and the Bronze Age (Cherkaskul culture). Arrowheads were chosen as the key category of artifacts. This choice was based on both the large number of these artifacts (more than 100 items) and their fairly reliable cultural and chronological verification by the well-known interments and single-layer sites of the Urals and the adjacent territories. The Eneolithic flaking technique demonstrated a pronounced variability of tools. Pressure flaking technique used for obtaining blanks of a certain type (blades, microblades, and flakes of preset shapes and sizes) formed the lithic industry basis. During the Bronze Age, the emphasis shifted towards biface-production-oriented striking and counter striking knapping techniques. One of the Bronze Age lithic industry markers was a significant amount of characteristic waste, defected and good blanks as opposed to a small group of two-sided retouched tools with a high level of standardization and manufacturing quality (arrowheads, knives of an asymmetrical triangular shape with an arc-shaped side blade, scrapers of geometric shapes, etc.). The Eneolithic population preferred siliceous and clay shales, high-quality homogeneous jaspers, some types of chalcedony of gray and yellow, homogeneous flint of greenish and greenish-gray shades, and rhyolites of similar colors. During the Bronze Age, most popular materials were mottled flint of mediocre quality, siliceous shales of dark shades, siliceous quartz and chalcedony of light tones, and some varieties of jasper.
{"title":"SETTING THE STAGE: ENEOLITHIC AND BRONZE AGE LITHIC INDUSTRY MARKERS IN THE MOUNTAIN-FOREST TRANS-URALS","authors":"I. Usacheva, I. Spiridonov, O. Korochkova","doi":"10.30759/1728-9718-2023-2(79)-116-126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2023-2(79)-116-126","url":null,"abstract":"The authors propose to discuss the methodology of searching for the defi nitive indicators of flaking techniques of the Eneolithic — Bronze Age in the mountain-forest Trans-Urals. The methodology is based on a step-by-step cross-referencing analysis of raw materials, technological and morphological characteristics of stone artifacts. The multilayer settlement Shaitanskoe 4–6 stone tools assemblage (the Kirovgrad district, Sverdlovsk Oblast) served as the main resource for the analysis. Main stages of the site’s populating correlated with the Eneolithic and the Bronze Age (Cherkaskul culture). Arrowheads were chosen as the key category of artifacts. This choice was based on both the large number of these artifacts (more than 100 items) and their fairly reliable cultural and chronological verification by the well-known interments and single-layer sites of the Urals and the adjacent territories. The Eneolithic flaking technique demonstrated a pronounced variability of tools. Pressure flaking technique used for obtaining blanks of a certain type (blades, microblades, and flakes of preset shapes and sizes) formed the lithic industry basis. During the Bronze Age, the emphasis shifted towards biface-production-oriented striking and counter striking knapping techniques. One of the Bronze Age lithic industry markers was a significant amount of characteristic waste, defected and good blanks as opposed to a small group of two-sided retouched tools with a high level of standardization and manufacturing quality (arrowheads, knives of an asymmetrical triangular shape with an arc-shaped side blade, scrapers of geometric shapes, etc.). The Eneolithic population preferred siliceous and clay shales, high-quality homogeneous jaspers, some types of chalcedony of gray and yellow, homogeneous flint of greenish and greenish-gray shades, and rhyolites of similar colors. During the Bronze Age, most popular materials were mottled flint of mediocre quality, siliceous shales of dark shades, siliceous quartz and chalcedony of light tones, and some varieties of jasper.","PeriodicalId":37813,"journal":{"name":"Ural''skij Istoriceskij Vestnik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69597586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.30759/1728-9718-2023-1(78)-193-196
N. V. Rostislavleva
{"title":"MODERN INTERPRETATION OF THE “MEMORIAL PARADIGM”","authors":"N. V. Rostislavleva","doi":"10.30759/1728-9718-2023-1(78)-193-196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2023-1(78)-193-196","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37813,"journal":{"name":"Ural''skij Istoriceskij Vestnik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69597687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.30759/1728-9718-2023-3(80)-17-27
Konstantin D. Bugrov
The paper deals with the phenomenon of Russia’s regional capitals with Ekaterinburg as an example. The concept of the capital is analyzed as a unity of three parameters: self-identification of the city as a regional center, economic growth and rise of the ‘metropolitan’ social and communal infrastructure of prosperity. The author emphasizes that the very idea of Ekaterinburg as a center of the Ural region, which emerged since the second half of the 19th century, was the result of economic growth of the city that was based upon the development of railways, science and culture, and resulted from the specific ‘historical luck’ of Ekaterinburg which became an epicenter of the large-scale projects of the 20th century industrial modernization (Ural-Kuzbass combine, West Siberia’s oil and gas industry). However, until the second half of the 20th century both capital ambitions and prominent economic role were unable to create state-of-the-art, ‘metropolitan’ infrastructure in the city. The creation of such infrastructure took place in 1960–1980s, when the amounts of construction of living houses reached its peak, and the historical central part of the city was re-imagined as a valuable heritage. Thus, historical and cultural trajectory became a key factor in regaining of the position of an influential regional center even when the industrial economy of Ekaterinburg lost its former prominence in the early 21st century.
{"title":"CAPITAL IDENTITY AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF EKATERINBURG (END OF THE 19TH — EARLY 21ST CENTURY)","authors":"Konstantin D. Bugrov","doi":"10.30759/1728-9718-2023-3(80)-17-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2023-3(80)-17-27","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the phenomenon of Russia’s regional capitals with Ekaterinburg as an example. The concept of the capital is analyzed as a unity of three parameters: self-identification of the city as a regional center, economic growth and rise of the ‘metropolitan’ social and communal infrastructure of prosperity. The author emphasizes that the very idea of Ekaterinburg as a center of the Ural region, which emerged since the second half of the 19th century, was the result of economic growth of the city that was based upon the development of railways, science and culture, and resulted from the specific ‘historical luck’ of Ekaterinburg which became an epicenter of the large-scale projects of the 20th century industrial modernization (Ural-Kuzbass combine, West Siberia’s oil and gas industry). However, until the second half of the 20th century both capital ambitions and prominent economic role were unable to create state-of-the-art, ‘metropolitan’ infrastructure in the city. The creation of such infrastructure took place in 1960–1980s, when the amounts of construction of living houses reached its peak, and the historical central part of the city was re-imagined as a valuable heritage. Thus, historical and cultural trajectory became a key factor in regaining of the position of an influential regional center even when the industrial economy of Ekaterinburg lost its former prominence in the early 21st century.","PeriodicalId":37813,"journal":{"name":"Ural''skij Istoriceskij Vestnik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135698938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.30759/1728-9718-2023-3(80)-65-73
Tatyana A. Snigireva
Taking into account the experience of creating an image of the Urals in the war years’ literature, the article explores how not only consolidation but clarification and extending both general and specific moments of life and destiny of Sverdlovsk in the years of war took place in the following decades. The main methods of philological reconstruction of the changing image of Sverdlovsk are historic-functional and genre methods. It is shown that the genre palette changes significantly: publicist prose, dominant in the war years, is complemented by the genre of oral narrative, literally processed or present in the author’s version, as well as by а huge variety of memoirs and autobiographical literature. The main aims of these texts are imprinting and preservation of memory. It is noted that between the particular personal memory and the established system of state “politics of memory,” a complicated dialogical relationship is created. It can be based on the principles of complete understanding, when it comes to uniting around the slogan “All for the Victory”, or on the principles of important supplement, when witnesses of wartime everyday life in Sverdlovsk remember, what was the price for the Victory for them personally. Different genre optics, including variants of ego-documents, memoirs, fiction, and various generational and social identities of the actors create the multifaceted and integral image of Sverdlovsk, consisting at least of three components: appearance, way of life, and socio-psychological portrait of the city.
{"title":"THE WAR YEARS OF SVERDLOVSK THROUGH THE WITNESSES EYES","authors":"Tatyana A. Snigireva","doi":"10.30759/1728-9718-2023-3(80)-65-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2023-3(80)-65-73","url":null,"abstract":"Taking into account the experience of creating an image of the Urals in the war years’ literature, the article explores how not only consolidation but clarification and extending both general and specific moments of life and destiny of Sverdlovsk in the years of war took place in the following decades. The main methods of philological reconstruction of the changing image of Sverdlovsk are historic-functional and genre methods. It is shown that the genre palette changes significantly: publicist prose, dominant in the war years, is complemented by the genre of oral narrative, literally processed or present in the author’s version, as well as by а huge variety of memoirs and autobiographical literature. The main aims of these texts are imprinting and preservation of memory. It is noted that between the particular personal memory and the established system of state “politics of memory,” a complicated dialogical relationship is created. It can be based on the principles of complete understanding, when it comes to uniting around the slogan “All for the Victory”, or on the principles of important supplement, when witnesses of wartime everyday life in Sverdlovsk remember, what was the price for the Victory for them personally. Different genre optics, including variants of ego-documents, memoirs, fiction, and various generational and social identities of the actors create the multifaceted and integral image of Sverdlovsk, consisting at least of three components: appearance, way of life, and socio-psychological portrait of the city.","PeriodicalId":37813,"journal":{"name":"Ural''skij Istoriceskij Vestnik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135698952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.30759/1728-9718-2023-3(80)-131-140
Evgeny A. Vasiliev, Lyubov L. Kosinskaya
Ches-tyi-yag is the most important defining site of the Middle Neolithic Lower Ob region with ceramics of the Chestyag cultural type. The collection of stone inventory from five dwellings and two buildings, investigated by excavations, is distinguished by cultural homogeneity, seriality of mor¬photypes of tools and debitage. The article for the first time analyzes in detail the collection of flint inventory of the settlement (1 139 items) from the standpoint of technical, morphological and typological approaches. Grinded tools and abrasive tools are not considered. In all dwellings, the same varieties of flint were used, quartz products are rare. The industry is characterized as flaking: stadial concrete-situational direct percussion is combined with bipolar technique. A few blades are more often irregular. Among the tools, scrapers of various shapes and flakes with edge retouching predominate, designed for performing cutting, scraping, sawing functions. Small chisel-shaped tools are typical, there are perforators and carvers, and combined tools are frequent. Arrowheads on large irregular blades carry a double-sided edge retouching. The technique of incisor chipping was not used. The bipolar technique was also used to form the blades and rear parts of the tools (undercutting, thinning and reworking the implements), as well as for fragmentation and re-registration of finished tools. The flint inventory of the Ches-tyi-yag settlement according to the technique of splitting, of course, belongs to the circle of the taiga Neolithic of Western Siberia, representing the original flint flake industry with a bright typologically pronounced tool set.
{"title":"STONE INVENTORY OF THE CHES-TYI-YAG NEOLITHIC SETTLEMENT","authors":"Evgeny A. Vasiliev, Lyubov L. Kosinskaya","doi":"10.30759/1728-9718-2023-3(80)-131-140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2023-3(80)-131-140","url":null,"abstract":"Ches-tyi-yag is the most important defining site of the Middle Neolithic Lower Ob region with ceramics of the Chestyag cultural type. The collection of stone inventory from five dwellings and two buildings, investigated by excavations, is distinguished by cultural homogeneity, seriality of mor¬photypes of tools and debitage. The article for the first time analyzes in detail the collection of flint inventory of the settlement (1 139 items) from the standpoint of technical, morphological and typological approaches. Grinded tools and abrasive tools are not considered. In all dwellings, the same varieties of flint were used, quartz products are rare. The industry is characterized as flaking: stadial concrete-situational direct percussion is combined with bipolar technique. A few blades are more often irregular. Among the tools, scrapers of various shapes and flakes with edge retouching predominate, designed for performing cutting, scraping, sawing functions. Small chisel-shaped tools are typical, there are perforators and carvers, and combined tools are frequent. Arrowheads on large irregular blades carry a double-sided edge retouching. The technique of incisor chipping was not used. The bipolar technique was also used to form the blades and rear parts of the tools (undercutting, thinning and reworking the implements), as well as for fragmentation and re-registration of finished tools. The flint inventory of the Ches-tyi-yag settlement according to the technique of splitting, of course, belongs to the circle of the taiga Neolithic of Western Siberia, representing the original flint flake industry with a bright typologically pronounced tool set.","PeriodicalId":37813,"journal":{"name":"Ural''skij Istoriceskij Vestnik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135700845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.30759/1728-9718-2023-2(79)-96-105
S. Ulyanova, A. A. Mikhailov
The authors dwell on the factors of the formation of women’s aviation culture in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century and during the interwar period. Contrary to the historiographical stereotype, it was not until the mid-1930s that the state develops any policy of recruiting women into aeronautics. The national aviation project remained purely masculine. The most important prerequisites that served as the basis for the formation of the image of the Soviet woman pilot were pre-revolutionary aviatresses, European and American women aviators of the 1920s–1930s. On the other hand, the invasion of women into the traditional male territory of aeronautics since the mid-1920s was based on gender equality declared by the Soviet state. In the 1920s and early 1930s, women were not influential actors of the Soviet aviation project. On the eve of the Great Patriotic War, they came out of the shadows and became the symbol of a new harmonious social order. The women aviator’s successes were rather their own merit than the result of certain efforts of the state to implement the proclaimed principles of gender equality. Women’s aviation in the interwar period was more of a sporting nature. Soviet female pilots set a number of air records (in altitude, range, duration of flights). Both in the USSR and in capitalist countries in the 1930s, aviation did not become feminized, but several outstanding women really marked this era with their exploits. The development of women’s aviation culture in the 1930s became the basis for mass recruitment of women into the Air Force during the Great Patriotic War.
{"title":"AVIATRESSES AND PILOTS: FORMATION OF WOMEN’S AVIATION CULTURE IN THE USSR ON THE EVE OF THE FIRST AND SECOND WORLD WARS","authors":"S. Ulyanova, A. A. Mikhailov","doi":"10.30759/1728-9718-2023-2(79)-96-105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2023-2(79)-96-105","url":null,"abstract":"The authors dwell on the factors of the formation of women’s aviation culture in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century and during the interwar period. Contrary to the historiographical stereotype, it was not until the mid-1930s that the state develops any policy of recruiting women into aeronautics. The national aviation project remained purely masculine. The most important prerequisites that served as the basis for the formation of the image of the Soviet woman pilot were pre-revolutionary aviatresses, European and American women aviators of the 1920s–1930s. On the other hand, the invasion of women into the traditional male territory of aeronautics since the mid-1920s was based on gender equality declared by the Soviet state. In the 1920s and early 1930s, women were not influential actors of the Soviet aviation project. On the eve of the Great Patriotic War, they came out of the shadows and became the symbol of a new harmonious social order. The women aviator’s successes were rather their own merit than the result of certain efforts of the state to implement the proclaimed principles of gender equality. Women’s aviation in the interwar period was more of a sporting nature. Soviet female pilots set a number of air records (in altitude, range, duration of flights). Both in the USSR and in capitalist countries in the 1930s, aviation did not become feminized, but several outstanding women really marked this era with their exploits. The development of women’s aviation culture in the 1930s became the basis for mass recruitment of women into the Air Force during the Great Patriotic War.","PeriodicalId":37813,"journal":{"name":"Ural''skij Istoriceskij Vestnik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69597415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.30759/1728-9718-2023-2(79)-136-145
O. Dyakova, V. Dyakov
In Primorye, a kiln for firing ceramic material was excavated at the Petrovka-5 monument near the town of Bolshoy Kamen. The furnace occupied the northeastern cape-shaped tip of the hollow slope. The height difference at its location was 1,35 m. The furnace was erected on a flat area paved with broken bricks and baked clay. The furnace had the shape of a truncated circle with a straight end wall on the south side and a furnace on the north. The dimensions of the structure at the base are 2 × 2,3 m, the long side is oriented Northwest–Southeast. The ceiling is made of arched masonry in the shape of a dome. Ceramic vessels and tiles were loaded into the firing chamber through the southern wall. The furnace and the firing chamber were connected by a channel. The walls of the furnace are laid with a horizontal masonry of rectangular bricks 15–20 cm long, 5–6 cm thick. Clay mortar was used as a bundle for laying bricks. By type, the oven belongs to the round one. In ancient times and in the Middle Ages, furnaces of this form were widely used in the North of China. Ceramics deposited in the firing chamber are represented by pots, vases, frying pan lids, tiles. The surface color of the vessels is gray, often specially blackened. The blackening of circular vessels is recorded on the handicraft ceramics of Yin, Wei, the culture of the Amur and Primorye Jurchens, on the monuments of the state of Eastern Xia. Modeling of vessels was carried out on a circle using a bottom-capacitive filling. In shape, the vessels do not find complete analogies among the ceramics of the medieval cultures of Primorye and the Amur region. The technical and technological characteristics of the vessels correspond to the handicraft production of the Far Eastern pottery province, dating back to the traditions of the Han era. Chinese archaeologists correlated the tile material with the periods of the Eastern Jin (317–420) and Eastern Wei (534–550) dynasties. According to radiocarbon analysis of coal from the fire-chamber of the furnace, the monument Petrovka-5 is dated 600–760.
{"title":"THE POTTERY KILN OF THE PETROVKA-5 SETTLEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE FAR EAST ARCHAEOLOGY","authors":"O. Dyakova, V. Dyakov","doi":"10.30759/1728-9718-2023-2(79)-136-145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2023-2(79)-136-145","url":null,"abstract":"In Primorye, a kiln for firing ceramic material was excavated at the Petrovka-5 monument near the town of Bolshoy Kamen. The furnace occupied the northeastern cape-shaped tip of the hollow slope. The height difference at its location was 1,35 m. The furnace was erected on a flat area paved with broken bricks and baked clay. The furnace had the shape of a truncated circle with a straight end wall on the south side and a furnace on the north. The dimensions of the structure at the base are 2 × 2,3 m, the long side is oriented Northwest–Southeast. The ceiling is made of arched masonry in the shape of a dome. Ceramic vessels and tiles were loaded into the firing chamber through the southern wall. The furnace and the firing chamber were connected by a channel. The walls of the furnace are laid with a horizontal masonry of rectangular bricks 15–20 cm long, 5–6 cm thick. Clay mortar was used as a bundle for laying bricks. By type, the oven belongs to the round one. In ancient times and in the Middle Ages, furnaces of this form were widely used in the North of China. Ceramics deposited in the firing chamber are represented by pots, vases, frying pan lids, tiles. The surface color of the vessels is gray, often specially blackened. The blackening of circular vessels is recorded on the handicraft ceramics of Yin, Wei, the culture of the Amur and Primorye Jurchens, on the monuments of the state of Eastern Xia. Modeling of vessels was carried out on a circle using a bottom-capacitive filling. In shape, the vessels do not find complete analogies among the ceramics of the medieval cultures of Primorye and the Amur region. The technical and technological characteristics of the vessels correspond to the handicraft production of the Far Eastern pottery province, dating back to the traditions of the Han era. Chinese archaeologists correlated the tile material with the periods of the Eastern Jin (317–420) and Eastern Wei (534–550) dynasties. According to radiocarbon analysis of coal from the fire-chamber of the furnace, the monument Petrovka-5 is dated 600–760.","PeriodicalId":37813,"journal":{"name":"Ural''skij Istoriceskij Vestnik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69597592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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