Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.30759/1728-9718-2022-2(75)-175-184
Eugeny G. Neklyudov
The article is devoted to the phenomenon of possession law in Russia’s mining industry considered in the context of two major reforms of the organizational foundations of this basic branch of the economy. On the basis of legislation and departmental office work, it examines the problem of determining the legal status (possessory or ownership) of private plants in the Urals and the Zamoskovny region, which the authorities faced after the introduction of mining accession in 1782. It also considers the circumstances of the primary distribution of plants by status groups at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries; the motives and course of the campaigns “to analyze the rights” of factory owners in the 1830s‒1850s, designed to clarify the composition of these groups; reasons and results of removing the burdensome possession status from plants in the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries. It is concluded, that these operations were the result of changes in the list of state benefits, or possessions, introduced in the course of the reform and leading either to an expansion or to a reduction in the possessory sector of industry both in the Urals and in the Zamoskovny region. It is determined that the status composition of plants was, on the whole, a reflection of the contradictory interaction between the state and factory owners regarding state property that was at the disposal of factory owners and was the object of exclusive for Russia possession rights.
{"title":"POSSESSIONAL MINING PLANTS OF THE URALS AND ZAMOSKOVYE IN THE 19TH — EARLY 20TH CENTURY: DETERMINATION OF STATUS","authors":"Eugeny G. Neklyudov","doi":"10.30759/1728-9718-2022-2(75)-175-184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2022-2(75)-175-184","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the phenomenon of possession law in Russia’s mining industry considered in the context of two major reforms of the organizational foundations of this basic branch of the economy. On the basis of legislation and departmental office work, it examines the problem of determining the legal status (possessory or ownership) of private plants in the Urals and the Zamoskovny region, which the authorities faced after the introduction of mining accession in 1782. It also considers the circumstances of the primary distribution of plants by status groups at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries; the motives and course of the campaigns “to analyze the rights” of factory owners in the 1830s‒1850s, designed to clarify the composition of these groups; reasons and results of removing the burdensome possession status from plants in the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries. It is concluded, that these operations were the result of changes in the list of state benefits, or possessions, introduced in the course of the reform and leading either to an expansion or to a reduction in the possessory sector of industry both in the Urals and in the Zamoskovny region. It is determined that the status composition of plants was, on the whole, a reflection of the contradictory interaction between the state and factory owners regarding state property that was at the disposal of factory owners and was the object of exclusive for Russia possession rights.","PeriodicalId":37813,"journal":{"name":"Ural''skij Istoriceskij Vestnik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69594679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.30759/1728-9718-2022-3(76)-131-143
L. Mazur
The article analyzes the demographic dynamics of Ekaterinburg — Sverdlovsk based on the population censuses. As an additional source for the 1959 census, not only official results were used, but also a database compiled on the basis of census forms preserved in the archive. Changes in the sex and age structure of the population, as well as in the national composition, were studied. Particular attention is paid to the characterization of the features of family-marital behavior and related processes: nuptiality, fertility, and divorcement. Based on the analysis of time series, the main stages of the demographic transition were clarified, and their specificity was characterized. A feature of the demographic transition of Ekaterinburg — Sverdlovsk was an extended initial stage, which took a total of about 100 years; the rapid turning point of the second stage (1940–1950s), associated with the establishing of the model of simple reproduction; and a long third stage (1960–2010s), when the main trend associated with the aging of the population is smoothed out due to the influx of migrants from labor-surplus regions. The role of external migration in maintaining the high growth rates of the city’s population should be emphasized. Among the factors that determined the demographic processes, we also considered the administrative resource, which contributed to the development of the city’s economy and formed a demand for population growth.
{"title":"HISTORICAL, ECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC STUDIES FEATURES OF THE DEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT OF EKATERINBURG (LATE 19TH — EARLY 21ST CENTURY)","authors":"L. Mazur","doi":"10.30759/1728-9718-2022-3(76)-131-143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2022-3(76)-131-143","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the demographic dynamics of Ekaterinburg — Sverdlovsk based on the population censuses. As an additional source for the 1959 census, not only official results were used, but also a database compiled on the basis of census forms preserved in the archive. Changes in the sex and age structure of the population, as well as in the national composition, were studied. Particular attention is paid to the characterization of the features of family-marital behavior and related processes: nuptiality, fertility, and divorcement. Based on the analysis of time series, the main stages of the demographic transition were clarified, and their specificity was characterized. A feature of the demographic transition of Ekaterinburg — Sverdlovsk was an extended initial stage, which took a total of about 100 years; the rapid turning point of the second stage (1940–1950s), associated with the establishing of the model of simple reproduction; and a long third stage (1960–2010s), when the main trend associated with the aging of the population is smoothed out due to the influx of migrants from labor-surplus regions. The role of external migration in maintaining the high growth rates of the city’s population should be emphasized. Among the factors that determined the demographic processes, we also considered the administrative resource, which contributed to the development of the city’s economy and formed a demand for population growth.","PeriodicalId":37813,"journal":{"name":"Ural''skij Istoriceskij Vestnik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69595021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.30759/1728-9718-2022-3(76)-161-169
L. A. Dashkevich
The article analyzes educational activities of the Kasli Bashkir Orphanage, established in 1891 by the Ekaterinburg Committee of the Orthodox Missionary Society. The source for the analysis was the “Diary of an inorodtsy missionary”, published in 1911–1913 in the diocesan newspaper. The diary’s author is Archpriest Alexander Stepanovich Miropolsky, who was educated at the missionary department of the Kazan Theological Academy. On the basis of the priest’s diary, the strategy of his educational and missionary activity is determined. Miropolsky, like many other missionaries, was confident in the beneficial power of Christian ideas, the truth of which he tried to convey to the Orphanage inmates. In polemical conversations with Bashkir children, he tried to refute the notion that had developed in the Muslim environment about Christianity as superstition and polytheism and to prove the inconsistency of Islam. The results of Miropolsky’s polemical missionary work among the pupils were minor. His diary tells of only one case of the conversion of a Bashkir teenager to Christianity. It is revealed that the Orthodox clergy of the Ekaterinburg diocese pursued a very cautious policy towards the Muslims of the region. Despite the general line of Russification and Christianization of non-Russian peoples and the sharpness of polemical rhetoric, no coercive actions were allowed to convert Bashkir children to Orthodoxy. The Kasli Bashkir Orphanage can be attributed to the acculturation model of an educational institution. Its inmates were introduced to Russian culture, preserving the identity and faith of their fathers.
{"title":"“DIARY OF AN INORODTSY MISSIONARY”: LIFE OF THE KASLI BASHKIR ORPHANAGE INMATES IN THE NOTES OF AN ORTHODOX CLERGYMAN","authors":"L. A. Dashkevich","doi":"10.30759/1728-9718-2022-3(76)-161-169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2022-3(76)-161-169","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes educational activities of the Kasli Bashkir Orphanage, established in 1891 by the Ekaterinburg Committee of the Orthodox Missionary Society. The source for the analysis was the “Diary of an inorodtsy missionary”, published in 1911–1913 in the diocesan newspaper. The diary’s author is Archpriest Alexander Stepanovich Miropolsky, who was educated at the missionary department of the Kazan Theological Academy. On the basis of the priest’s diary, the strategy of his educational and missionary activity is determined. Miropolsky, like many other missionaries, was confident in the beneficial power of Christian ideas, the truth of which he tried to convey to the Orphanage inmates. In polemical conversations with Bashkir children, he tried to refute the notion that had developed in the Muslim environment about Christianity as superstition and polytheism and to prove the inconsistency of Islam. The results of Miropolsky’s polemical missionary work among the pupils were minor. His diary tells of only one case of the conversion of a Bashkir teenager to Christianity. It is revealed that the Orthodox clergy of the Ekaterinburg diocese pursued a very cautious policy towards the Muslims of the region. Despite the general line of Russification and Christianization of non-Russian peoples and the sharpness of polemical rhetoric, no coercive actions were allowed to convert Bashkir children to Orthodoxy. The Kasli Bashkir Orphanage can be attributed to the acculturation model of an educational institution. Its inmates were introduced to Russian culture, preserving the identity and faith of their fathers.","PeriodicalId":37813,"journal":{"name":"Ural''skij Istoriceskij Vestnik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69595205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.30759/1728-9718-2022-4(77)-78-85
M. Chernaya
Tiles are ceramic products with a front plate and a vertical framed rib (1 inch or higher) on the back side, intended for architectural or stove lining. They became a completely new phenomenon in Siberia in the 17th–18th centuries. Their distribution is associated with the process of civilizational modernization, which entailed the emergence of new industries, technologies, and specialists. Buildings and stoves with tiled decor have not been preserved in the region, written information is scarce, so the main source for the study of Siberian tiles is archaeological materials. The most representative archaeological collections of tiles are from Tobolsk, Tyumen, Tomsk, Yeniseisk, single fragments of tiles were found in Beryozovo, Kuznetsk, Irkutsk and the village of Kemerova. The technical and morphological characteristics of tiles include: the composition of the dough, the quality of fi ring, the size and shape of the front plate, the method of processing and decorating the face, color, rib design. All types of tiles are represented in Siberia: relief terracotta, glazed green and multi-color, single-color smooth, multi-color painted smooth. Relief polychrome tiles dominate quantitatively. All types of tiles are made of red clay. A fragment of a stamp for imprinting an image on an adobe oven was found in Berezovo. Siberian tiles, influenced by the Moscow tiling school, represented at the same time one of the peripheral variations of the transformation of the metropolitan tradition. In the technical and stylistic features of the Siberian tiles, the influence of the European tradition was also reflected. The spread of tile decor and tile trade in the region is a significant manifestation of the transfer of technologies, intercultural exchange and interaction, a vivid embodiment of the process of development and civilizational transformation of Siberia.
{"title":"TECHNICAL, MORPHOLOGICAL AND STYLISTIC FEATURES OF SIBERIAN TILES AS A HISTORICAL SOURCE","authors":"M. Chernaya","doi":"10.30759/1728-9718-2022-4(77)-78-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2022-4(77)-78-85","url":null,"abstract":"Tiles are ceramic products with a front plate and a vertical framed rib (1 inch or higher) on the back side, intended for architectural or stove lining. They became a completely new phenomenon in Siberia in the 17th–18th centuries. Their distribution is associated with the process of civilizational modernization, which entailed the emergence of new industries, technologies, and specialists. Buildings and stoves with tiled decor have not been preserved in the region, written information is scarce, so the main source for the study of Siberian tiles is archaeological materials. The most representative archaeological collections of tiles are from Tobolsk, Tyumen, Tomsk, Yeniseisk, single fragments of tiles were found in Beryozovo, Kuznetsk, Irkutsk and the village of Kemerova. The technical and morphological characteristics of tiles include: the composition of the dough, the quality of fi ring, the size and shape of the front plate, the method of processing and decorating the face, color, rib design. All types of tiles are represented in Siberia: relief terracotta, glazed green and multi-color, single-color smooth, multi-color painted smooth. Relief polychrome tiles dominate quantitatively. All types of tiles are made of red clay. A fragment of a stamp for imprinting an image on an adobe oven was found in Berezovo. Siberian tiles, influenced by the Moscow tiling school, represented at the same time one of the peripheral variations of the transformation of the metropolitan tradition. In the technical and stylistic features of the Siberian tiles, the influence of the European tradition was also reflected. The spread of tile decor and tile trade in the region is a significant manifestation of the transfer of technologies, intercultural exchange and interaction, a vivid embodiment of the process of development and civilizational transformation of Siberia.","PeriodicalId":37813,"journal":{"name":"Ural''skij Istoriceskij Vestnik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69595788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.30759/1728-9718-2022-2(75)-115-127
K. Pavlenok, E. Bocharova, S. Kogai, G. Pavlenok
The article presents the results of the technological analysis of the Teshik-Tash grotto lithic collection from the Kunstkamera funds (Saint Petersburg). Because the Teshik-Tash industry has an indisputable anthropological link to the Neanderthal population, which is unique for the western part of Central Asia, it is important to fully characterize the technological repertoire of this hominin species by studying the Teshik-Tash collection. Using the methods of mathematical statistics, the metric parameters of the artefacts were analyzed and the technical and typological homogeneity of the Teshik-Tash site complex (layers 1–5) was established, which indicates the representativeness of the sample at our disposal. The applied scar-pattern analysis revealed the dominance of the radial core reduction method aimed at obtaining non-standardized asymmetric blanks. At the same time, the toolkit contains the points with signs of Levallois knapping to obtain blanks: symmetry, regularity of convergent or longitudinally convergent dorsal surfaces, the presence of convex symmetric dihedral butts, overhang reduction. Thus, the problem of the Levallois component in the Teshik-Tash grotto industry remains open. The extent to which the Neanderthal population of Teshik-Tash used the Levallois technology will probably become clear after analysis of the Teshik- Tash grotto collections, stored in the funds of the Anuchin Research Institute and the Museum of Anthropology of MSU and the State Museum of history of Uzbekistan in Tashkent.
{"title":"TECHNOLOGICAL REPERTOIRE OF THE TESHIK-TASH NEANDERTHALS: NEW DATA","authors":"K. Pavlenok, E. Bocharova, S. Kogai, G. Pavlenok","doi":"10.30759/1728-9718-2022-2(75)-115-127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2022-2(75)-115-127","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of the technological analysis of the Teshik-Tash grotto lithic collection from the Kunstkamera funds (Saint Petersburg). Because the Teshik-Tash industry has an indisputable anthropological link to the Neanderthal population, which is unique for the western part of Central Asia, it is important to fully characterize the technological repertoire of this hominin species by studying the Teshik-Tash collection. Using the methods of mathematical statistics, the metric parameters of the artefacts were analyzed and the technical and typological homogeneity of the Teshik-Tash site complex (layers 1–5) was established, which indicates the representativeness of the sample at our disposal. The applied scar-pattern analysis revealed the dominance of the radial core reduction method aimed at obtaining non-standardized asymmetric blanks. At the same time, the toolkit contains the points with signs of Levallois knapping to obtain blanks: symmetry, regularity of convergent or longitudinally convergent dorsal surfaces, the presence of convex symmetric dihedral butts, overhang reduction. Thus, the problem of the Levallois component in the Teshik-Tash grotto industry remains open. The extent to which the Neanderthal population of Teshik-Tash used the Levallois technology will probably become clear after analysis of the Teshik- Tash grotto collections, stored in the funds of the Anuchin Research Institute and the Museum of Anthropology of MSU and the State Museum of history of Uzbekistan in Tashkent.","PeriodicalId":37813,"journal":{"name":"Ural''skij Istoriceskij Vestnik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69594456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.30759/1728-9718-2022-1(74)-27-37
L. Borodkin
The task of regulating the wages of industrial workers during the NEP years was one of the priorities of Soviet social policy. Wages at state-owned enterprises during the NEP years was regulated by the state, which was supposed, on the one hand, to implement the new principles of social policy (a course towards equalizing wages), and on the other hand, to ensure production efficiency. The main tools for regulating wages were the tariff scale and the conditions of collective agreements. The article characterizes the policy pursued by the state in the area of wages of industrial workers during the NEP years and the practice of its implementation, as well as the reaction of workers to the ongoing processes of regulating the differentiation of their wages among both skilled and unskilled workers. It is shown that consistent alignment (leveling) of workers’ salaries could not be achieved. The workers’ attitude to the policy pursued in this area is analyzed on the basis of declassified materials from a multi-volume publication of documents — information reviews and summaries of the OGPU. The author identifies various forms of protest and dissatisfaction of workers on the basis of wage regulation, which manifested themselves in different groups of workers, in different regions of the country, at enterprises of various industries and had different reasons. The most characteristic ones were the conflict situations generated by the course of equalizing wages, which meant a decrease in labor motivation for skilled workers and caused their dissatisfaction.
{"title":"WAGE DIFFERENTIATION OF INDUSTRIAL WORKERS AT THE END OF THE NEP: BETWEEN “EQUALIZATION” AND LABOR INCENTIVES","authors":"L. Borodkin","doi":"10.30759/1728-9718-2022-1(74)-27-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2022-1(74)-27-37","url":null,"abstract":"The task of regulating the wages of industrial workers during the NEP years was one of the priorities of Soviet social policy. Wages at state-owned enterprises during the NEP years was regulated by the state, which was supposed, on the one hand, to implement the new principles of social policy (a course towards equalizing wages), and on the other hand, to ensure production efficiency. The main tools for regulating wages were the tariff scale and the conditions of collective agreements. The article characterizes the policy pursued by the state in the area of wages of industrial workers during the NEP years and the practice of its implementation, as well as the reaction of workers to the ongoing processes of regulating the differentiation of their wages among both skilled and unskilled workers. It is shown that consistent alignment (leveling) of workers’ salaries could not be achieved. The workers’ attitude to the policy pursued in this area is analyzed on the basis of declassified materials from a multi-volume publication of documents — information reviews and summaries of the OGPU. The author identifies various forms of protest and dissatisfaction of workers on the basis of wage regulation, which manifested themselves in different groups of workers, in different regions of the country, at enterprises of various industries and had different reasons. The most characteristic ones were the conflict situations generated by the course of equalizing wages, which meant a decrease in labor motivation for skilled workers and caused their dissatisfaction.","PeriodicalId":37813,"journal":{"name":"Ural''skij Istoriceskij Vestnik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69594722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.30759/1728-9718-2022-3(76)-55-64
G. Zaporozhchenko, O. Shelegina
A new transdisciplinary direction “memory studies” is actively developing in the world science. The study of the memory phenomenon is conducted in a socio-cultural context. The historiographical analysis shows the need to expand specific research in accordance with the “memorial turn”. The authors reconstruct cultural practices and determine the vectors of cultural memory in Novosibirsk Akademgorodok in the second half of the 20th — first quarter of the 21st century, they considers the role of cultural memory for the synergy and harmony of technological and socio-cultural spheres of society, which determines the novelty of the work. Вy the beginning of the 21st century cultural practices of Early Akademgorodok have formed dynamic socio-cultural complexes: toponymic, memorial-monumental, heritage, intellectual-leisure, attractive, eventful. They are dynamic vectors of cultural memory of the landmark “Novosibirsk Akademgorodok”. The prospects of the research are connected with the social necessity of socio-cultural support for the promotion of the “Akademgorodok 2.0” mega-project with due regard for historical experience and synthesis of images of the nostalgic past and the predicted future — from the “golden valley” to the “silicon taiga”.
{"title":"FROM “THE GOLDEN VALLEY” TO “THE SILICON TAIGA”: VECTORS OF CULTURAL MEMORY","authors":"G. Zaporozhchenko, O. Shelegina","doi":"10.30759/1728-9718-2022-3(76)-55-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2022-3(76)-55-64","url":null,"abstract":"A new transdisciplinary direction “memory studies” is actively developing in the world science. The study of the memory phenomenon is conducted in a socio-cultural context. The historiographical analysis shows the need to expand specific research in accordance with the “memorial turn”. The authors reconstruct cultural practices and determine the vectors of cultural memory in Novosibirsk Akademgorodok in the second half of the 20th — first quarter of the 21st century, they considers the role of cultural memory for the synergy and harmony of technological and socio-cultural spheres of society, which determines the novelty of the work. Вy the beginning of the 21st century cultural practices of Early Akademgorodok have formed dynamic socio-cultural complexes: toponymic, memorial-monumental, heritage, intellectual-leisure, attractive, eventful. They are dynamic vectors of cultural memory of the landmark “Novosibirsk Akademgorodok”. The prospects of the research are connected with the social necessity of socio-cultural support for the promotion of the “Akademgorodok 2.0” mega-project with due regard for historical experience and synthesis of images of the nostalgic past and the predicted future — from the “golden valley” to the “silicon taiga”.","PeriodicalId":37813,"journal":{"name":"Ural''skij Istoriceskij Vestnik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69594798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.30759/1728-9718-2022-3(76)-34-44
L. Repina, A. Shabunina
The study of the role of sociocultural practices in the everyday life of society involves the synthesis of methodological approaches in order to create a transdisciplinary research model. Analysis of various aspects of private life in the context of studying socio-cultural practices requires an analysis of the value categories of the society under study, taking account of worldview interpretations of phenomena by contemporaries, cultural attraction, individual self-identification and psychological perception of ongoing processes. The phenomenon of the Victorian famine is not meant to be studied only as a strictly biological phenomenon. The article interprets hunger as a sociocultural phenomenon, considers the associated fear of social stigmatization. The famine in the early Victorian period acts as a factor in the conceptual context of ongoing social phenomena, influencing the reception of cultural ties within society. The categories of “food”, “hunger” and “starvation death” were everyday companions of the public discourse of the era, reflecting the crisis state of Victorian society. Not only was the famine a factor that increased the potential for conflict, as it was perceived in the middle of the century, but by the end of the 19th century it began to be recognized by the authorities as a consequence of social contradictions and acted as an argument for the introduction and continuation of legislatively supported forms of social compromise. Having reworked the inhumane concept of getting rid of “social surpluses” of the period of popularity of Malthusian philosophy in the Middle Victorian period, the Victorians change the topology of the “hunger” concept in the system of structural and semantic models of social dialogue. The sociocultural phenomenon of famine is transformed in the communicative space of the Victorian era from a marker of condemned poverty into a social problem that unites various social groups.
{"title":"TRANSDISCIPLINARITY IN THE STUDY OF SOCIOCULTURAL PRACTICES OF EVERYDAY LIFE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE PHENOMENON OF FAMINE IN VICTORIAN ENGLAND)","authors":"L. Repina, A. Shabunina","doi":"10.30759/1728-9718-2022-3(76)-34-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2022-3(76)-34-44","url":null,"abstract":"The study of the role of sociocultural practices in the everyday life of society involves the synthesis of methodological approaches in order to create a transdisciplinary research model. Analysis of various aspects of private life in the context of studying socio-cultural practices requires an analysis of the value categories of the society under study, taking account of worldview interpretations of phenomena by contemporaries, cultural attraction, individual self-identification and psychological perception of ongoing processes. The phenomenon of the Victorian famine is not meant to be studied only as a strictly biological phenomenon. The article interprets hunger as a sociocultural phenomenon, considers the associated fear of social stigmatization. The famine in the early Victorian period acts as a factor in the conceptual context of ongoing social phenomena, influencing the reception of cultural ties within society. The categories of “food”, “hunger” and “starvation death” were everyday companions of the public discourse of the era, reflecting the crisis state of Victorian society. Not only was the famine a factor that increased the potential for conflict, as it was perceived in the middle of the century, but by the end of the 19th century it began to be recognized by the authorities as a consequence of social contradictions and acted as an argument for the introduction and continuation of legislatively supported forms of social compromise. Having reworked the inhumane concept of getting rid of “social surpluses” of the period of popularity of Malthusian philosophy in the Middle Victorian period, the Victorians change the topology of the “hunger” concept in the system of structural and semantic models of social dialogue. The sociocultural phenomenon of famine is transformed in the communicative space of the Victorian era from a marker of condemned poverty into a social problem that unites various social groups.","PeriodicalId":37813,"journal":{"name":"Ural''skij Istoriceskij Vestnik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69595211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.30759/1728-9718-2022-4(77)-178-187
Michael A. Volkhonskiy
Introduced in the 1850s, the military-public administration, along with the institute of viceroyalty, was one of the main distinguishing features of the special administrative status of the Caucasus as part of the Russian Empire. Various aspects of this system have been the object of historians’ research many times. However, the period from the 1880s to 1917 is still poorly studied. The article is devoted to the analysis of the circumstances of the discussion, development and implementation of projects for the transformation of the military-people’s administration in the Caucasus Region in the 1880s. The process of developing the reform in 1882 was initiated by the Minister of War in connection with the planned general transformation of the administration system of the Caucasus. The reform project was developed by the new chief of the Caucasus, Prince A. M. Dondukov-Korsakov, who opposed the abolition of the military-public administration. Of the two projects submitted by him to St. Petersburg in 1883 and 1885, only the former was implemented. The project included: the abolition of the Central Caucasian military-people’s administration in Tiflis; subordination of local military-people’s administrations to military governors; annexation of the districts of the Batumi region and the Sukhumi district, where the military-people’s administration was maintained, to the Kutaisi province.
19世纪50年代引入的军事公共管理，连同总督制度，是高加索地区作为俄罗斯帝国一部分的特殊行政地位的主要特征之一。这一制度的各个方面一直是历史学家多次研究的对象。然而，从19世纪80年代到1917年这段时期的研究仍然很少。本文旨在分析19世纪80年代高加索地区军民行政改革方案的讨论、发展和实施情况。1882年，战争部长启动了发展改革的进程，这与计划中的高加索地区管理制度的全面改革有关。改革项目是由高加索地区的新任酋长a·m·东杜科夫-科萨科夫亲王(Prince A. M. Dondukov-Korsakov)提出的，他反对废除军民管理。他在1883年和1885年向圣彼得堡提交的两个项目中，只有前者得到了实施。该项目包括:废除在第比利斯的中央高加索军民管理;地方军民行政机关服从军事省长;将巴统地区和苏呼米地区合并到库塔伊西省，在那里维持了军民管理。
{"title":"TRANSFORMATION OF THE SYSTEM OF MILITARY-PEOPLE’S ADMINISTRATION IN THE CAUCASUS UNDER ALEXANDER III IN 1882–1888","authors":"Michael A. Volkhonskiy","doi":"10.30759/1728-9718-2022-4(77)-178-187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2022-4(77)-178-187","url":null,"abstract":"Introduced in the 1850s, the military-public administration, along with the institute of viceroyalty, was one of the main distinguishing features of the special administrative status of the Caucasus as part of the Russian Empire. Various aspects of this system have been the object of historians’ research many times. However, the period from the 1880s to 1917 is still poorly studied. The article is devoted to the analysis of the circumstances of the discussion, development and implementation of projects for the transformation of the military-people’s administration in the Caucasus Region in the 1880s. The process of developing the reform in 1882 was initiated by the Minister of War in connection with the planned general transformation of the administration system of the Caucasus. The reform project was developed by the new chief of the Caucasus, Prince A. M. Dondukov-Korsakov, who opposed the abolition of the military-public administration. Of the two projects submitted by him to St. Petersburg in 1883 and 1885, only the former was implemented. The project included: the abolition of the Central Caucasian military-people’s administration in Tiflis; subordination of local military-people’s administrations to military governors; annexation of the districts of the Batumi region and the Sukhumi district, where the military-people’s administration was maintained, to the Kutaisi province.","PeriodicalId":37813,"journal":{"name":"Ural''skij Istoriceskij Vestnik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69595582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.30759/1728-9718-2022-4(77)-86-95
O. Golovashina
The article considers the principle of ranges (Spielraum) of J. von Kries and its interpretation by M. Weber to analyze the eventual plots in fiction. It draws upon the works of Russian authors, referred to the genre of alternative history. In the first step, the author, analyzing the approaches to the study of probabilistic plots, notes that, thanks to the works of researchers, probabilistic plots began to be considered on the basis of their own logic, and alternativity was justified as a manifestation of objective relations of reality. The application of new methodological tools and the inclusion of fiction stories into the source circulation, in the author’s opinion, will increase interest in this topic and will contribute to the resolution of some methodological problems. The author addresses J. von Kries’s Spielraum principle, which is interpreted as a range of objective possibilities of a hypothesis or event. Thanks to the adaptation of this tool to the historical knowledge by M. Weber, it is possible to analyze what the emerged or imposed patterns of different choices that create such consequences are. This involves comparing the causal components of a historical episode that are actually present with a fictional course of events where one or more components are imagined to be absent, and comparing it with some ideal type. Applying this interpretation to the analysis of probabilistic plots in fiction makes it possible to: 1) show and substantiate the subjectivity of the researcher’s view; 2) consider the possibilities of developing an “interpretive history”; and 3) evaluate the role of works of fiction as a source for analyzing the dynamics of historical consciousness.
本文从冯·克里斯的范围原则和韦伯对其的阐释出发，分析小说的最终情节。它借鉴了俄罗斯作家的作品，被称为另类历史流派。在第一步中，作者分析了概率情节研究的方法，指出由于研究者的工作，概率情节开始根据其自身的逻辑来考虑，可替代性被证明是客观现实关系的表现。在作者看来，新的方法论工具的应用和将小说故事纳入源循环将增加对这一主题的兴趣，并有助于解决一些方法论问题。作者论述了J. von Kries的Spielraum原理，该原理被解释为假设或事件的一系列客观可能性。由于韦伯将这一工具与历史知识相结合，我们有可能分析产生这些后果的不同选择的出现或强加模式是什么。这包括将实际存在的历史事件的因果成分与虚构的事件过程进行比较，其中一个或多个成分被认为是不存在的，并将其与某些理想类型进行比较。将这种解释应用于小说中概率情节的分析，可以:1)显示和证实研究者观点的主观性;2)考虑发展“解释性历史”的可能性;3)评价小说作品作为分析历史意识动态的来源的作用。
{"title":"DOES GOD PLAY DICE? THE SPIELRAUM PRINCIPLE AS AN APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF PROBABILISTIC PLOTS IN FICTION","authors":"O. Golovashina","doi":"10.30759/1728-9718-2022-4(77)-86-95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2022-4(77)-86-95","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the principle of ranges (Spielraum) of J. von Kries and its interpretation by M. Weber to analyze the eventual plots in fiction. It draws upon the works of Russian authors, referred to the genre of alternative history. In the first step, the author, analyzing the approaches to the study of probabilistic plots, notes that, thanks to the works of researchers, probabilistic plots began to be considered on the basis of their own logic, and alternativity was justified as a manifestation of objective relations of reality. The application of new methodological tools and the inclusion of fiction stories into the source circulation, in the author’s opinion, will increase interest in this topic and will contribute to the resolution of some methodological problems. The author addresses J. von Kries’s Spielraum principle, which is interpreted as a range of objective possibilities of a hypothesis or event. Thanks to the adaptation of this tool to the historical knowledge by M. Weber, it is possible to analyze what the emerged or imposed patterns of different choices that create such consequences are. This involves comparing the causal components of a historical episode that are actually present with a fictional course of events where one or more components are imagined to be absent, and comparing it with some ideal type. Applying this interpretation to the analysis of probabilistic plots in fiction makes it possible to: 1) show and substantiate the subjectivity of the researcher’s view; 2) consider the possibilities of developing an “interpretive history”; and 3) evaluate the role of works of fiction as a source for analyzing the dynamics of historical consciousness.","PeriodicalId":37813,"journal":{"name":"Ural''skij Istoriceskij Vestnik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69595970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：