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Community participation and effective water management: A study on water user organizations (WUOs) in Thailand 社区参与和有效的水资源管理:对泰国用水者组织(WUOs)的研究
IF 1.9 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-04-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100589
Pavisorn Chuenchum , Chitchanuwat Meneesrikum , Chaiyraweepat Teerapanuchaikul , Anurak Sriariyawat

This study examines the factors enhancing the effectiveness of Water User Organizations (WUOs) in Thailand, spotlighting the integration of geo-informatics and community involvement in water management. Employing a community-based participatory research approach, we assessed the impact of advanced technological tools and increased community engagement on WUOs' operations and sustainability. Our methodology included surveys, interviews, and an analysis of water management practices before and after geo-informatics implementation. Findings reveal a significant increase in community participation and an improvement in water management knowledge. The use of geo-informatics led to notable advancements in water allocation efficiency and conflict resolution, directly contributing to the financial sustainability of WUOs. Specifically, the application of geo-informatics facilitated more accurate and timely water resource allocation, evidenced by enhanced community engagement metrics and the resolution of longstanding conflicts. These results underscore the value of combining geo-informatics with community-driven approaches to water management, offering valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners. The study advocates for policies that support the adoption of technological innovations and promote community-centric governance, providing a scalable model for sustainable water resource management. This approach not only improves the functionality and sustainability of WUOs but also sets a precedent for holistic water governance practices globally.

本研究探讨了提高泰国用水者组织(WUOs)效率的因素,重点关注地理信息与社区参与水资源管理的结合。我们采用以社区为基础的参与式研究方法,评估了先进技术工具和社区参与度的提高对用水户组织的运作和可持续性的影响。我们的研究方法包括调查、访谈以及对地理信息实施前后水资源管理实践的分析。调查结果显示,社区参与度大幅提高,水资源管理知识也得到了改善。地理信息学的应用显著提高了水资源分配效率和冲突解决能力,直接促进了用水户组织的财务可持续性。具体而言,地理信息学的应用促进了更准确、更及时的水资源分配,社区参与度指标的提高和长期冲突的解决都证明了这一点。这些成果强调了地理信息学与社区驱动的水资源管理方法相结合的价值,为政策制定者和实践者提供了宝贵的见解。这项研究提倡制定政策,支持采用技术创新,促进以社区为中心的治理,为可持续水资源管理提供一个可扩展的模式。这种方法不仅提高了无用水单位的功能性和可持续性,还为全球水资源综合治理实践开创了先例。
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引用次数: 0
A systems approach to understanding the interconnected factors affecting rural development: A case study from Türkiye 以系统方法理解影响农村发展的相互关联因素:图尔基耶案例研究
IF 1.9 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100588
Ummugulsum Zor , Ayla Esen , Murad Canbulut , Nevran Karaca , Gencay Karakaya , Ipek Turker

Rural development plays a crucial role in the advancement of developing countries such as Türkiye, necessitating a comprehensive examination of the factors that shape this process. This research aims to provide a holistic view of interconnected factors affecting rural development. A qualitative and participatory research methodology was used, which included focus group meetings with various stakeholder groups. Data from the focus group meetings were analyzed through network analysis to gain insight into the relationships between topics discussed. The network analysis results were then utilized to structure a model for rural development using a systems approach, depicting the main inputs for, enablers of, and outputs of rural development. Our results suggest that government support through policymaking and support of critical non-governmental organizations (NGOs) through projects and programs are key inputs for rural development. Support should focus on providing education and training programs to the local community, improving technology and digitalization, empowering local stakeholders, and ensuring economic and social integration of community groups, specifically women and youth. The authors conclude that these enablers of rural development will ensure efficient and effective practices in value-creating economic activities, specifically agricultural activities, leading to improved wealth and well-being in local rural communities.

农村发展对土耳其等发展中国家的进步起着至关重要的作用,因此有必要对影响这一进程的因素进行全面研究。本研究旨在对影响农村发展的各种相互关联的因素进行全面审视。研究采用了定性和参与式研究方法,包括与各利益相关群体举行焦点小组会议。通过网络分析对焦点小组会议的数据进行分析,以深入了解所讨论主题之间的关系。然后,利用网络分析结果,采用系统方法构建了一个农村发展模型,描述了农村发展的主要投入、促进因素和产出。我们的研究结果表明,政府通过政策制定提供支持,重要的非政府组织通过项目和计划提供支持,是农村发展的关键投入。支持的重点应是为当地社区提供教育和培训计划,改进技术和数字化,增强当地利益相关者的能力,以及确保社区群体(尤其是妇女和青年)的经济和社会融合。作者总结说,这些农村发展的推动因素将确保在创造价值的经济活动(特别是农业活动)中采取高效和有效的做法,从而改善当地农村社区的财富和福祉。
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引用次数: 0
Peace-centred sustainable development: An analysis of SDG 16 in the Arab states 以和平为中心的可持续发展:对阿拉伯国家可持续发展目标 16 的分析
IF 1.9 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-04-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100587
Sansom Milton , Mohammad Alhamawi

This paper explores the barriers to and opportunities for Sustainable Development Goal 16 (SDG 16) in fostering peace in Arab states. Examining the region’s recurring conflicts, the analysis emphasises the need for peace-centered sustainable development. The paper identifies the main challenges facing the implementation of SDG 16 and offers strategic opportunities for overcoming them.

本文探讨了可持续发展目标 16(SDG 16)在促进阿拉伯国家和平方面的障碍和机遇。通过研究该地区反复发生的冲突,分析强调了以和平为中心的可持续发展的必要性。本文确定了实施可持续发展目标 16 所面临的主要挑战,并为克服这些挑战提供了战略机遇。
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引用次数: 0
Yemen's humanitarian collaboration during conflict: UN and local NGOs in focus 也门冲突期间的人道主义合作:聚焦联合国和当地非政府组织
IF 1.9 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-04-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100585
Moosa Elayah, Rawan Al-Mansori

This paper presents an exploratory study investigating the complex relationship between the United Nations (UN) system and local non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Yemen's humanitarian food assistance provision. Employing qualitative research methods, including document analysis and stakeholder interviews, we aim to understand key factors influencing collaboration and identify challenges hindering effective cooperation. Our findings emphasize the need for the UN to diversify its approaches to social interaction in food aid programs, prioritizing initiatives that resonate with local communities. Furthermore, active efforts to engage and satisfy local NGOs are essential for improving program effectiveness and achieving shared objectives. This study sheds light on critical areas for intervention, emphasizing the importance of fostering meaningful partnerships to address humanitarian challenges in Yemen.

本文介绍了一项探索性研究,调查联合国(UN)系统与当地非政府组织(NGOs)在也门人道主义粮食援助中的复杂关系。我们采用定性研究方法,包括文件分析和利益相关者访谈,旨在了解影响合作的关键因素,并确定阻碍有效合作的挑战。我们的研究结果强调,联合国需要在粮食援助项目中采取多样化的社会互动方式,优先考虑能与当地社区产生共鸣的举措。此外,积极争取当地非政府组织的参与并使其满意,对于提高计划的有效性和实现共同目标至关重要。本研究揭示了干预的关键领域,强调了促进有意义的伙伴关系以应对也门人道主义挑战的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Carbon pricing for sustainable transition in India 碳定价促进印度的可持续转型
IF 1.9 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100586
Sweta Sen , Pravakar Sahoo

Carbon pricing has become a major tool for addressing climate change and climate action (SDG13). Some 36 countries have implemented the carbon tax and 34 have incorporated Emissions Trading Systems (ETSs). Evidence shows an increase in inequality and employment, but it differs between countries and among sectors. As India is significantly large, the decision on carbon pricing will have its benefits, co-benefits, disadvantages and losses. India is in the process of leveraging technology with an eye on long-term sustainability. However, the transition trade-off may come with a development cost. Hence, the excessive fossil-fuel subsidies and increasing debt burdens should be eliminated, and green transformation of the industries should be prioritized. We address the urgency of carbon pricing introduction in India, and the pathways to implement carbon pricing for a sustainable future. The carbon taxes in India should be implemented according to the carbon-intensive nature of the industry and, it should also be paired with ETS and feebates for a just and equitable distribution of burden.

碳定价已成为应对气候变化和气候行动(可持续发展目标 13)的主要工具。约有 36 个国家实施了碳税,34 个国家纳入了排放交易体系 (ETS)。有证据表明,不平等和就业有所增加,但各国和各部门的情况各不相同。由于印度幅员辽阔,关于碳定价的决定将有其好处、共同利益、弊端和损失。印度正在利用技术,着眼于长期可持续性。然而,转型的权衡可能需要付出发展的代价。因此,应取消过度的化石燃料补贴和不断增加的债务负担,并优先考虑产业的绿色转型。我们探讨了在印度引入碳定价的紧迫性,以及为实现可持续未来而实施碳定价的途径。印度应根据产业的碳密集度征收碳税,同时还应搭配排放交易计划和收费,以实现负担的公正和公平分配。
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引用次数: 0
Changing land and labour relations on cocoa farms in Sefwi, Ghana: Continuity and change 加纳塞夫维可可农场不断变化的土地和劳动关系:延续与变化
IF 1.9 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100584
Joseph Awetori Yaro , Joseph Kofi Teye , Steve Wiggins

Ever since the late 1880s when cocoa began to be grown commercially in Ghana, land and labour has been mobilized to expand the area under cocoa trees and cultivate the crop. The first cocoa farmers ingeniously used and adapted existing social norms for land acquisition and recruitment of labour from both the extended family and from migrants. The resulting development of cocoa was a remarkable story of African innovation and enterprise that made the then Gold Coast one of the most prosperous parts of Africa by the mid-twentieth century. We look at how land and labour has been mobilized for cocoa in Sefwi, western Ghana, from the start of cocoa growing in the region in the 1940s through to 2019. We ask what current norms are, how they have evolved, and why changes to them have been made. Changes in land and labour relations in the area have not followed the linear evolutionary theory of land tenure change neither have they remained as unique immutable customary structures. We note a flexible, reversible and highly pragmatic logic in tandem with the ruling exigencies that account for patterns of change over time.

自 19 世纪 80 年代末加纳开始商业化种植可可以来,人们一直在动员土地和劳动力来扩大可可树的种植面积和种植作物。第一批可可种植者巧妙地利用和调整了现有的社会规范,从大家庭和移民中征用土地和劳动力。可可的发展是非洲创新和进取精神的杰出代表,使当时的黄金海岸在二十世纪中期成为非洲最繁荣的地区之一。从 20 世纪 40 年代加纳西部塞夫维开始种植可可到 2019 年,我们研究了该地区如何调动土地和劳动力种植可可。我们询问当前的规范是什么,它们是如何演变的,以及为什么要对它们进行修改。该地区土地和劳资关系的变化既没有遵循土地保有权变化的线性演化理论,也没有保持独特的一成不变的习惯结构。我们注意到一种灵活、可逆和高度实用的逻辑,这种逻辑与统治的迫切需要相结合,解释了随着时间推移的变化模式。
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引用次数: 0
Trends in out-of-pocket health expenditure inequality in Turkey under comprehensive health reforms 全面医疗改革下土耳其自费医疗支出不平等的趋势
IF 1.9 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100583
Songul Cinaroglu

The success of Turkey's inclusive health policies has served as a strategic tool for building progressivity and improving social welfare. The objective of this study is to examine the inequality trend in out of pocket (OOP) health expenditures in Turkey. Data from the Turkish Statistical Institute's Household Budget Survey conducted in 2015 and 2019 were used to measure inequalities in OOP total health, pharmaceutical and hospital expenditure variables across socioeconomic status. Decomposition analysis was conducted to identify the factors contributing to inequalities. The study findings demonstrate that OOP health expenditure is higher among the poor in Turkey. Evidence suggests that in Turkey inequalities in OOP health expenditures continue to persist. The results show that OOP health, pharmaceutical, and hospital expenditures increased from 2015 to 2019. The inequality index and curve approaches reveal that the pro-rich distribution of OOP health expenditures is remarkable from 2015 to 2019. The burden of OOP pharmaceutical and hospital services expenditures stands on the shoulders of poor households. Progressive universalism is essential to achieve poverty alleviation strategies and reduce inequality for egalitarian development.

土耳其包容性卫生政策的成功,成为促进进步和改善社会福利的战略工具。本研究旨在探讨土耳其自费医疗支出的不平等趋势。土耳其统计研究所在 2015 年和 2019 年进行的家庭预算调查的数据被用来衡量不同社会经济地位的自费医疗总支出、药品和医院支出变量的不平等情况。通过分解分析,确定了造成不平等的因素。研究结果表明,土耳其贫困人口的OOP医疗支出较高。有证据表明,土耳其的非住院医疗支出不平等现象依然存在。研究结果表明,2015 年至 2019 年,OOP 医疗、药品和医院支出有所增加。不平等指数和曲线方法显示,从 2015 年到 2019 年,OOP 医疗支出的亲富分布非常显著。贫困家庭肩负着门诊医药和医院服务支出的重担。渐进普遍主义对于实现减贫战略和减少不平等以促进平等发展至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Edge of a Precipice: Multi-Party electoral violence in Jirapa Municipal in Ghana before and after the 2020 national elections 悬崖边缘:2020 年全国大选前后加纳吉拉帕市的多党选举暴力事件
IF 1.9 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100581
Thaddeus Arkum Aasoglenang , Francis Kwasi Amoah , Libanus Susan

Countries in Africa experience both violent and non-violent conflicts during elections. Ghana, specifically Jirapa Municipality, has experienced this challenge in eight national elections since 1992. The Theory of Social Identity was used to establish the theoretical framework. The mixed research design for data collection and analyses was adopted. The study administered household questionnaires with a sample size of 400, and interviewed 15 key informants. The questionnaires were analyzed descriptively using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22 while the interviews were analyzed using the thematic analysis. The results showed that the major multiple causal factors responsible for the periodic violence were youth unemployment, political parties/politicians seeking re-election, clientelism and inadequate political education. These have had an effect on the social structure of the community relative to weakened communal cohesion, reduced loyalty to traditional leaders, voter apathy, weak public institutions, slowed down economic activities and general distortion of democratic development. The study recommends that the dictates of chapter nine of the 1992 Fourth Republican Constitution of Ghana should be strictly followed by public institutions in charge of electoral governance without biases.

非洲国家在选举期间既会发生暴力冲突,也会发生非暴力冲突。加纳,特别是吉拉帕市,自 1992 年以来在八次全国大选中都经历了这种挑战。社会认同理论被用来建立理论框架。数据收集和分析采用了混合研究设计。研究发放了样本量为 400 份的家庭问卷,并采访了 15 位关键信息提供者。问卷采用社会科学统计软件包 22 版进行描述性分析,访谈则采用主题分析法进行分析。结果显示,造成周期性暴力的主要多重因果因素是青年失业、政党/政治家寻求连任、裙带关系和政治教育不足。这些因素对社区的社会结构产生了影响,导致社区凝聚力减弱、对传统领袖的忠诚度降低、选民冷漠、公共机构薄弱、经济活动放缓以及民主发展普遍扭曲。研究报告建议,负责选举管理的公共机构应严格遵守 1992 年《加纳第四共和 国宪法》第九章的规定,不带任何偏见。
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引用次数: 0
Community groups as an enabler for access to livelihood capitals, deprivation of which contributes to multidimensional poverty in rural Uganda 社区团体是获得生计资本的促进因素,而生计资本的匮乏导致了乌干达农村地区的多层面贫困
IF 1.9 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100582
Charlotte Arinaitwe

Using the 2016/2017 and 2019/2020 Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS), this study analyses the effect of saving and credit community groups, both cooperatives and associations, on multidimensional poverty. Access to livelihood capitals reduces poverty. Poverty being a rural phenomenon in Uganda, this study assesses whether households in rural Uganda with community group members have access to livelihood capitals. The study also examined the effect of non-membership in a community group on multidimensional poverty and whether being multidimensionally poor affects membership in community groups. The Alkire-Foster method is applied to calculate the Adjusted Headcount Ratio (M0), which is used in the propensity score model to establish the effect of membership in a community group on household multidimensional poverty. Analysis of how the estimated multidimensional poverty varies with the estimated propensity score is achieved using the estimated Average Treatment Effect of the Treated (ATET) obtained with four matching methods (nearest neighbour, radius, kernel, and stratification). Findings reveal that community groups enable rural dwellers to access livelihood capitals, hence enabling them to overcome their multiple deprivations and reducing their likelihood of being multidimensionally poor. Membership in community groups is robustly linked to a decreased probability of being multidimensionally poor by over 3 percentage points.

本研究利用 2016/2017 年和 2019/2020 年乌干达全国住户调查(UNHS),分析了储蓄和信贷社区团体(包括合作社和协会)对多维贫困的影响。获得生计资本可减少贫困。在乌干达,贫困是一种农村现象,因此本研究评估了有社区团体成员的乌干达农村家庭是否有机会获得生计资本。本研究还探讨了非社区团体成员身份对多维贫困的影响,以及多维贫困是否会影响社区团体成员身份。采用 Alkire-Foster 方法计算调整后的人头比率(M0),并将其用于倾向得分模型,以确定社区团体成员资格对家庭多维贫困的影响。利用四种匹配方法(近邻法、半径法、内核法和分层法)获得的估计受治疗者平均治疗效果(ATET),分析估计的多维贫困率如何随估计的倾向得分而变化。研究结果表明,社区团体使农村居民能够获得生计资本,从而使他们能够克服多重贫困,降低他们成为多维贫困人口的可能性。社区团体成员资格与多维度贫困概率降低超过 3 个百分点有着密切联系。
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引用次数: 0
A financial maturity model for the empowerment of women’s saving groups 增强妇女储蓄团体能力的财务成熟度模型
IF 1.9 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100573
Sandrine Bonin , Tarek Rashed , Rajiv Nair , Seema Chaudhary , Bhanu V.R. , Amritha Natarajan , Rao Bhavani

Women's microfinance groups are increasingly recognized as a space for empowerment, access to financial and social capital, and personal growth. However, few studies have attempted to evaluate these groups' performance, as evidenced by the lack of adequate instruments to measure their success. This study proposes and tests a financial maturity model (FMM) for assessing and monitoring women's groups' performance and supporting effective intervention design. The proposed FMM was conceived based on applicable theoretical and operational frameworks for women's groups. Three groups of grassroots stakeholders validated and ranked the FMM constructs in terms of their importance. A sample of 31 Self-Help Groups in rural India was utilized to test the applicability of the FMM. One of the most important findings relates to the necessity of enhancing the loan management capabilities of groups, including loan repayment, identification of defaulters, delinquency ratio, risk management, and financial reporting. These results can provide stakeholders with baseline measures for designing and implementing interventions to improve the performance and sustainability of women's groups, as well as testing the efficacy of these interventions. While FMM was developed in the Indian context with 7 million registered groups, it has the potential to be adapted in other international contexts to inform decision-making in low- and middle-income countries where women's economic groups are promoted for socioeconomic empowerment and poverty reduction.

越来越多的人认识到,妇女小额信贷团体是增强能力、获得金融和社会资本以及个人成长的空间。然而,很少有研究尝试对这些团体的绩效进行评估,缺乏衡量其成功与否的适当工具就证明了这一点。本研究提出并测试了一种财务成熟度模型(FMM),用于评估和监测妇女团体的绩效,并支持有效的干预设计。拟议的财务成熟度模型是根据适用于妇女团体的理论和操作框架构思的。三组基层利益相关者验证了 FMM 结构,并根据其重要性进行了排序。对印度农村地区的 31 个自助小组进行了抽样调查,以检验 FMM 的适用性。最重要的研究结果之一是,有必要提高自助团体的贷款管理能力,包括贷款偿还、违约者识别、拖欠比率、风险管理和财务报告。这些结果可以为利益相关者提供基准措施,用于设计和实施干预措施,以提高妇女团体的绩效和可持续性,并检验这些干预措施的效果。虽然 FMM 是在印度有 700 万个注册团体的情况下开发的,但它有可能在其他国际背景下进行调整,为中低收入国家的决策提供信息,在这些国家,妇女经济团体被用来促进社会经济赋权和减贫。
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引用次数: 0
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