World Development Perspectives最新文献_第4页

Assets and livelihood strategies of agricultural households on the East India Plateau 东印度高原农户资产与生计策略

IF 2.3 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES

World Development Perspectives

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100751

Adam M. Komarek , Arundhita Bhanjdeo , Murray Unkovich , Ritesh Pandey , Ashok Kumar , Girish Pradhan , Amulya Khandai , William D. Bellotti

The effective scaling out of livelihood improvement activities is crucial for agricultural development, yet achieving sustainable change at scale remains elusive in low-income countries. The objective of our study was to analyse the livelihoods of 1,001 agricultural households in three rural districts on the East India Plateau to inform the scaling out of livelihood strategies developed during previous participatory action research. Our descriptive analysis of cross-sectional data from a primary household survey in the year 2012–2013 examined the heterogeneity in livelihood assets (natural, human, social, physical, and financial capital) and household activities. We focused on two projects. In the same rural districts, the first project included a participatory action research process, and the second project collected data on agricultural household livelihoods. We showed large inter- and intra-district heterogeneity in assets, livelihood strategies, and women’s empowerment. Our study suggests that households with different assets tend to pursue different livelihood activities, such as intensifying and diversifying crop production using land and water resources documented in earlier participatory action research. These insights could inform the scaling out of livelihood improvement strategies that support stepping up. While stepping up offered potential pathways to improvements in livelihoods, these strategies had trade-offs, including increased exposure to weather variability. Our findings suggest that formative assessments of assets and livelihoods can help tailor participatory action research to specific communities.

有效扩大生计改善活动的规模对农业发展至关重要，但在低收入国家，实现大规模的可持续变革仍然难以实现。本研究的目的是分析东印度高原三个农村地区1001户农户的生计，为之前参与式行动研究期间制定的生计策略提供信息。我们对2012-2013年一次主要住户调查的横截面数据进行了描述性分析，考察了生计资产（自然、人力、社会、物质和金融资本）和家庭活动的异质性。我们专注于两个项目。在同一农村地区，第一个项目包括参与性行动研究进程，第二个项目收集农户生计数据。我们发现，在资产、生计策略和妇女赋权方面，地区间和地区内存在很大的异质性。我们的研究表明，拥有不同资产的家庭倾向于从事不同的生计活动，例如利用早期参与式行动研究中记录的土地和水资源来加强和多样化作物生产。这些见解可以为扩大支持加强的生计改善战略提供信息。虽然加紧行动提供了改善生计的潜在途径，但这些战略也有权衡，包括增加对天气变化的暴露。我们的研究结果表明，对资产和生计的形成性评估有助于为特定社区量身定制参与性行动研究。

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引用次数: 0

Taxation of fisheries in Kenya: neither improving management nor raising revenue? 肯尼亚渔业税收：既不能改善管理也不能增加收入？

IF 2.3 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES

World Development Perspectives

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100743

Giovanni Occhiali , Olivia Okello

Fisheries have long been held to possess significant development potential across Africa, providing food security, livelihoods, and foreign exchange. Debates about their management have centred on the need to close access and on the role of devolution and co-management between central and local government. Because access restriction in practice requires licensing and levies, fisheries’ fiscal treatment lies at the core of their sustainable management. Yet little attention has been given to whether such arrangements in low-income countries achieve either goal. This paper examines the Kenyan case, where fisheries are a devolved sector employing over 1.6 million people. Using a mixed methods approach combining legal and policy analysis, administrative tax data, and 15 qualitative interviews with government officials and stakeholders alongside a focus group discussion, we assess whether Kenya’s fisheries taxation contributes to sustainable management or domestic revenue mobilisation. We find that it does neither. Fragmented regulation, overlapping mandates, and disregard for statutory earmarking prevent levies from funding management. Compliance with general tax obligations such as registration, filing, and payment of income or value added tax is minimal. Reforms should prioritise clearer institutional mandates, stronger coordination across levels of government, enforcement of long-delayed regulations, and targeted action on the sector’s most profitable actors.

长期以来，渔业一直被认为在整个非洲具有巨大的发展潜力，提供粮食安全、生计和外汇。关于它们管理的争论集中在关闭准入的必要性以及中央和地方政府之间权力下放和共同管理的作用上。由于准入限制在实践中需要许可和征税，因此渔业的财政待遇是其可持续管理的核心。然而，低收入国家的这种安排是否实现了这两个目标，却很少受到关注。本文考察了肯尼亚的情况，在那里，渔业是一个权力下放的部门，雇佣了160多万人。我们采用混合方法，结合法律和政策分析、行政税收数据、对政府官员和利益相关者的15次定性访谈以及焦点小组讨论，评估肯尼亚的渔业税收是否有助于可持续管理或国内收入动员。我们发现两者都没有。分散的监管、重叠的授权以及对法定指定用途的无视阻碍了税收为管理提供资金。遵守一般的税务义务，如登记、申报和支付收入或增值税是最小的。改革应优先考虑更明确的机构授权、加强各级政府之间的协调、执行拖延已久的法规，以及针对该行业最赚钱的参与者采取有针对性的行动。

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引用次数: 0

Voices from Iranian Farmers: Balancing livelihood and sustainability in the climate change Era 伊朗农民之声：在气候变迁时代平衡生计与永续发展

IF 2.3 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES

World Development Perspectives

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100742

Khadijeh Soleimani , Azadeh Bakhshi , Mansour Ghanian

Climate change, recognized as one of the most pressing global threats, has profound implications for the agricultural sector, which is most vulnerable due to its heavy reliance on water resources. Agriculture consumes over 70% of the world’s water, making the sustainable management of these resources critical, especially in the context of increasing drought conditions. This management is heavily influenced by farmers’ perceptions and understanding of climate change. Despite the clear benefits of conservation programs, negative attitudes and misconceptions can significantly impede the adoption of effective water conservation measures. Therefore, understanding farmers’ attitudes and perceptions toward sustainable water management is essential for developing and implementing effective strategies that align with their needs and realities. This study employs the Q methodology to explore farmers’ perceptions of sustainable groundwater resource management in South Khorasan Province. The study involved 21 farmers whose viewpoints were categorized into four distinct groups: consumerist (22.77%), egalitarian (16.10%), science-oriented (14.35%), and fatalist (13%). These classifications collectively explain 66.23% of the variance in sustainable agricultural water management. The findings show that farmers are primarily concerned about balancing their livelihoods with sustainable water management. While they recognize the importance of sustainability, immediate worries about economic survival and family well-being often take priority. Climate change’s direct effects on agricultural productivity and water availability intensify these challenges. The study also highlights that farmers’ approaches to water management are heavily influenced by their personal experiences and knowledge of the impacts of climate change. Farmers with better access to resources and information are more likely to adopt sustainable practices, whereas those with limited access tend to prioritize economic necessity over sustainability. This highlights the value of educational programs and extension services in bridging the knowledge gap and equipping farmers with tools for sustainable water management. Policymakers should take these insights into account to develop strategies that promote environmental sustainability while ensuring the economic stability of farming communities.

气候变化被认为是最紧迫的全球威胁之一，对农业部门有着深远的影响，农业部门由于严重依赖水资源而最脆弱。农业消耗了世界70%以上的水，因此对这些资源的可持续管理至关重要，特别是在干旱条件日益严重的背景下。这种管理在很大程度上受到农民对气候变化的看法和理解的影响。尽管节水计划有明显的好处，但消极的态度和误解会严重阻碍有效节水措施的采用。因此，了解农民对可持续水资源管理的态度和看法对于制定和实施符合其需求和现实的有效战略至关重要。本研究采用Q方法探讨南呼罗珊省农民对可持续地下水资源管理的看法。该研究涉及21名农民，他们的观点被分为四个不同的群体：消费主义者（22.77%）、平等主义者（16.10%）、科学主义者（14.35%）和宿命论者（13%）。这些分类共同解释了66.23%的农业可持续水资源管理差异。研究结果表明，农民主要关心的是如何平衡他们的生计和可持续的水资源管理。虽然他们认识到可持续性的重要性，但对经济生存和家庭福祉的直接担忧往往是优先考虑的。气候变化对农业生产力和水资源供应的直接影响加剧了这些挑战。该研究还强调，农民的水资源管理方法在很大程度上受到他们个人经验和对气候变化影响的认识的影响。获得更多资源和信息的农民更有可能采取可持续做法，而获得资源和信息有限的农民往往优先考虑经济必要性而不是可持续性。这突出了教育方案和推广服务在弥合知识差距和为农民提供可持续水资源管理工具方面的价值。决策者应该考虑到这些见解，以制定促进环境可持续性的战略，同时确保农业社区的经济稳定。

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引用次数: 0

Evolving interdisciplinary contributions to global societal challenges: A 50-year overview 不断发展的跨学科对全球社会挑战的贡献：50年综述

IF 2.3 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES

World Development Perspectives

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100728

Keisuke Okamura

Addressing global societal challenges necessitates insights and expertise that transcend the boundaries of individual disciplines. In recent decades, interdisciplinary collaboration has been recognised as a vital driver of innovation and effective problem-solving, with the potential to profoundly influence policy and practice worldwide. However, quantitative evidence remains limited regarding how cross-disciplinary efforts contribute to societal challenges, as well as the evolving roles and relevance of specific disciplines in addressing these issues. To fill this gap, this study examines the long-term evolution of interdisciplinary contributions to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), drawing on extensive bibliometric data from OpenAlex. By analysing publication and citation trends across 19 research fields from 1970 to 2022, we reveal how the relative presence of different disciplines in addressing particular SDGs has shifted over time. Our results also provide unique evidence of the increasing interconnection between fields since the 2000s, coinciding with the United Nations’ initiative to tackle global societal challenges through interdisciplinary efforts. These insights will benefit policymakers and practitioners as they reflect on past progress and plan for future action, particularly with the SDG target deadline approaching in the next five years.

解决全球社会挑战需要超越个别学科界限的见解和专业知识。近几十年来，跨学科合作已被认为是创新和有效解决问题的重要驱动力，具有深刻影响全球政策和实践的潜力。然而，关于跨学科努力如何应对社会挑战，以及特定学科在解决这些问题方面的作用和相关性的定量证据仍然有限。为了填补这一空白，本研究利用OpenAlex的大量文献计量数据，考察了跨学科对联合国可持续发展目标（sdg）贡献的长期演变。通过分析1970年至2022年19个研究领域的出版和引用趋势，我们揭示了不同学科在解决特定可持续发展目标方面的相对存在如何随着时间的推移而发生变化。我们的研究结果还提供了独特的证据，证明自2000年代以来，各领域之间的联系日益紧密，这与联合国通过跨学科努力应对全球社会挑战的倡议相吻合。这些见解将有利于政策制定者和从业者反思过去的进展并规划未来的行动，特别是在未来五年可持续发展目标的最后期限即将到来的情况下。

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引用次数: 0

Development policy affects the indigenous group: the case of the Karen community, Ban Klang Village, Northern Thailand 发展政策影响着土著群体：以泰国北部班巴朗村克伦人社区为例

IF 2.3 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES

World Development Perspectives

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100733

Yingluck Kanchanaroek, David Wells Engstrom

Indigenous communities often face property rights conflicts as governments claim their traditional lands for conservation purposes. This study examines the Ban Klang Karen community in Lampang, Thailand, where the creation of a national park in 1991 threatened displacement and sparked resistance. Employing a mixed-methods approach, this study investigates the impact of conservation policies on Karen livelihoods and the resistance strategies of Karen people. Findings reveal that when park designation reduced agricultural land access and yields, the community responded by strategically leveraging social capital and advocacy networks to resist displacement. Internally, they developed robust communal resource management systems and community-delineated land titles. The community’s success in self-organizing and sustainably managing their resources provides a powerful demonstration of the utility of inclusive conservation policies. It makes the case for policies that recognize indigenous land tenure and integrate traditional ecological knowledge to balance biodiversity goals with community wellbeing. This study offers a model for equitable resource governance, in which policymakers prioritize co-management agreements and legal frameworks that empower indigenous communities. These findings have potential as models for Thailand and beyond.

土著社区经常面临产权冲突，因为政府出于保护目的要求他们拥有传统土地。本研究考察了泰国南邦的班克伦人社区，1991年在那里建立的国家公园面临着流离失所的威胁，并引发了抵制。本研究采用混合方法，调查了保护政策对克伦人生计的影响以及克伦人的抵抗策略。研究结果表明，当公园的指定减少了农业用地的获取和产量时，社区通过战略性地利用社会资本和倡导网络来抵制流离失所。在内部，他们建立了健全的公共资源管理系统和社区划定的土地所有权。社区在自我组织和可持续管理资源方面的成功，有力地证明了包容性保护政策的效用。它为承认土著土地所有权和整合传统生态知识以平衡生物多样性目标与社区福祉的政策提供了理由。本研究提供了一个公平资源治理的模型，在这个模型中，决策者优先考虑赋予土著社区权力的共同管理协议和法律框架。这些发现有可能作为泰国和其他国家的模型。

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引用次数: 0

They know each other, but do they trust each other? Social capital and selected beneficiaries of community-based development projects: A lab-in-the-field in rural Zimbabwe 他们彼此认识，但他们彼此信任吗？社会资本和社区发展项目的选定受益者：津巴布韦农村的实地实验室

IF 2.3 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES

World Development Perspectives

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100729

Amandine Belard , Stefano Farolfi , Damien Jourdain , Mark Manyanga , Tarisayi Pedzisa , Marc Willinger

Community-based development (CBD) projects have long emphasized a bottom-up approach. For CBD initiatives to succeed, communities must harness their social capital, organize themselves, and actively engage in development processes. While CBD proponents highlight the promotion of social capital through community-based projects, critics argue that their effectiveness relies on pre-existing levels of trust, trustworthiness, and community interactions. To contribute to this debate, we investigate the selection bias regarding social capital induced by the recruitment strategy of an NGO in Zimbabwe. We look at differences between selected beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries in terms of pro-social behaviors, measured by incentivized games, and in terms of social networks. We also use this information to test whether being part of the same networks translates into increased trust, altruistic behaviors, and willingness to participate in collective action. Our study, conducted in 2022 in the rural district of Murehwa, Zimbabwe, comprised a survey and lab-in-the-field experiments (trust game, public good game, dictator game) involving 341 subjects. Findings showed that selected beneficiaries exhibit higher network density than non-beneficiaries. However, except for a partial experimental measure of trustworthiness, we observed no significant differences in prosocial behavior between the two groups before project implementation. The results suggest that although selected beneficiaries are more socially connected, they do not exhibit higher prosocial behaviors. These findings shed light on the common selection process used by development agencies and the inherent bias they introduce. To address this bias, development agencies should reconsider recruitment strategies that prioritize existing social ties, as they may unintentionally exclude less-connected community members. Instead, they should explore alternative selection approaches, such as the use of field data to ensure inclusiveness. Additionally, integrating trust-building activities at the beginning of projects could enhance cooperation among participants.

社区发展（CBD）项目一直强调自下而上的方法。要使CBD倡议取得成功，社区必须利用其社会资本，组织起来，并积极参与发展进程。虽然CBD的支持者强调通过社区项目促进社会资本，但批评者认为，它们的有效性依赖于预先存在的信任水平、可信度和社区互动。为了促进这一争论，我们研究了津巴布韦一家非政府组织的招聘策略所导致的社会资本选择偏见。我们通过激励游戏和社交网络来衡量获益者和非获益者在亲社会行为方面的差异。我们还利用这些信息来测试，作为同一网络的一部分，是否会增加信任、利他行为和参与集体行动的意愿。我们的研究于2022年在津巴布韦Murehwa的农村地区进行，包括调查和实验室现场实验（信任游戏，公共利益游戏，独裁者游戏），涉及341名受试者。调查结果表明，选定的受益人比非受益人表现出更高的网络密度。然而，除了可信度的部分实验测量外，我们观察到两组在项目实施前的亲社会行为没有显著差异。结果表明，虽然被选择的受益人社会联系更紧密，但他们并没有表现出更高的亲社会行为。这些发现揭示了发展机构使用的共同选择过程及其引入的固有偏见。为了解决这种偏见，发展机构应该重新考虑优先考虑现有社会关系的招聘策略，因为它们可能无意中排除了联系较少的社区成员。相反，他们应该探索其他选择方法，例如使用实地数据来确保包容性。此外，在项目开始时纳入建立信任的活动可以加强参与者之间的合作。

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引用次数: 0

“Nothing for US without Us”: localizing agricultural innovation systems − a case study from the feed the future innovation labs “没有我们，我们一无所有”：农业创新系统本地化——来自饲料未来创新实验室的案例研究

IF 2.3 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES

World Development Perspectives

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100746

Erin McGuire , Gina Rico-Mendez , Siobhan Rabsum , Penina Yumbya , David Ameyaw , Robert Jarman , Tara Steinmetz , Mwangi Thumbi , David Tschirley

This paper explores the challenges and opportunities associated with locally-led agricultural research for development (AR4D) within the framework of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID)s Feed the Future Innovation Labs (FTFILs). The study gathers insights from both U.S.-based management entities and nationally based partners in low- and middle-income countries using a mixed-methods, case-study approach, which included surveys and focus groups as data collection methods. The findings highlight significant barriers, such as limited local research capacity, bureaucratic hurdles, and funding delays, which impede effective project implementation. The study also identifies critical opportunities for enhancing local leadership in AR4D through decentralized networks and improved collaboration between Global North funders and local stakeholders. Recommendations include increasing the flexibility of funding mechanisms, strengthening local research capacity, and promoting inclusive stakeholder engagement. The research underscores the importance of aligning agricultural innovation strategies with local contexts and systems to achieve sustainable development outcomes. This work contributes to ongoing debates on how to integrate national and regional expertise and leadership into global agricultural research and development agendas, ultimately supporting the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

本文在美国国际开发署（USAID）的“保障未来粮食供给创新实验室”（FTFILs）框架下，探讨了与地方主导的农业研究促进发展（AR4D）相关的挑战和机遇。该研究采用混合方法和案例研究方法，收集了来自美国管理实体和低收入和中等收入国家的国家合作伙伴的见解，其中包括调查和焦点小组作为数据收集方法。这些发现突出了阻碍项目有效实施的重大障碍，例如有限的地方研究能力、官僚主义障碍和资助延迟。该研究还确定了通过分散的网络和改善全球北方资助者与地方利益相关者之间的合作，加强AR4D地方领导的关键机会。建议包括增加筹资机制的灵活性、加强地方研究能力和促进包容性利益攸关方参与。该研究强调了将农业创新战略与当地情况和系统结合起来以实现可持续发展成果的重要性。这项工作有助于就如何将国家和区域的专业知识和领导力纳入全球农业研究与发展议程，最终支持实现可持续发展目标（sdg）进行辩论。

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引用次数: 0

The Equitable Resilience Framework: An environmental justice strategy for community-led resilience planning 公平的复原力框架：社区主导的复原力规划的环境正义战略

IF 2.3 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES

World Development Perspectives

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100738

Janelle Knox-Hayes , Surbhi Agarwal , Johan Arango-Quiroga , Nicholas Ashford , David Birge , Gabriella Carolini , Shekhar Chandra , Colleen Chiu-Shee , Jungwoo Chun , Daniela Coray , Nicholas de Monchaux , Sally Haslanger , Courtney Humphries , Eric Huntley , Caroline A Jones , Deni Lopez , Miho Mazeereuw , Leslie Norford , Prudence Robinson , Haley Schilling , Rose Winer-Chan

The Equitable Resilience Framework (ERF) strives to make planning for climate change more equitable, just, and effective, and to generate long-term economic, social, cultural, and environmental transformations. “Resilience” is a desirable stance of preparedness in the likely future of unpredictable climate and weather, constituting an explicitly different approach than top-down technocratic solutions (such as hardscaping or levee engineering). The ERF is developed as a methodological guide for resilience planning that combines a capabilities approach with enhanced tradeoff analysis and knowledge convergence to bring community, academic, industry and policy stakeholders together in generating and implementing resilient solutions. The ERF addresses the technocratic shortcomings that have historically guided resilience projects. By reconceptualizing the linkages between resilience and equity in communities the ERF gives researchers and practitioners better theoretical and practical tools for applying resilience to interconnected social systems across different timescales. The ERF aims to facilitate just solutions while empowering communities that are often overburdened by environmental injustice and climate change impacts.

公平复原力框架（ERF）致力于使气候变化规划更加公平、公正和有效，并促成长期的经济、社会、文化和环境转型。“复原力”是为未来可能出现的不可预测的气候和天气做好准备的理想立场，它构成了一种明显不同于自上而下的技术官僚解决方案（如硬景观或堤坝工程）的方法。ERF是作为弹性规划的方法论指南而开发的，它将能力方法与增强的权衡分析和知识融合相结合，将社区、学术界、行业和政策利益相关者聚集在一起，制定和实施弹性解决方案。ERF解决了历史上指导弹性项目的技术官僚主义缺陷。通过重新定义复原力与社区公平之间的联系，ERF为研究人员和实践者提供了更好的理论和实践工具，以便将复原力应用于不同时间尺度的相互关联的社会系统。ERF旨在促进公正的解决方案，同时赋予那些经常因环境不公正和气候变化影响而负担过重的社区权力。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “The push and pull of rural-to-rural migration: Insights from Northwest Benin World Development Perspectives”. [40 (2025) 100730] “农村向农村移徙的推动和拉动：来自贝宁西北部世界发展视角的见解”的勘误表。[40 (2025) 100730]

IF 2.3 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES

World Development Perspectives

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100741

Solomon Geleta , David Natcher , Mohamed Nasser Baco , Derek Peak

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to ““Nothing for us without us”: localizing agricultural innovation systems – a case study from the feed the future innovation labs” [World Dev. Perspect. 40 (2025)100746] “没有我们就一无所有”：农业创新体系本土化——以饲料未来创新实验室为例”的勘误表[世界发展展望，40 (2025)100746]

IF 2.3 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES

World Development Perspectives

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2025.100749

Erin McGuire , Gina Rico-Mendez , Siobhan Rabsum , Penina Yumbya , David Ameyaw , Robert Jarman , Tara Steinmetz , Mwangi Thumbi , David Tschirley

引用次数: 0