M. Cosse, Antonella Bruno, N. Mannise, Nadia Bou, Maria Zabaleta, Mauricio Bonifacino, Arley Camargo, Pablo Smircich, Andrés Iriarte, Alejandro Brazeiro
In this study, we explore the applicability of DNA barcoding, specifically targeting the chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) sequences, particularly the trnL (UAA) intron region, to analyze the diet of gray brocket deer. This approach offers improved taxonomic resolution and the ability to identify species with greater precision compared to traditional methods. The study was conducted in the "Reserva Natural Salus" in Uruguay, covering a range of vegetation types, where gray brocket deer coexist with other exotic ungulates. A local reference database of trnL (UAA) sequences was established, incorporating both GenBank data and sequences obtained from native species in the study area. Fecal samples were collected in summer and winter, and DNA was extracted and amplified for metabarcoding analysis in pooled samples for each season. For each sample 28,229 and 33,588 reads were obtained respectively, which together corresponded to 25 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs). The species Rubus ulmifolius and Schinus engleri were the most represented in the diet with 69.6 % of the summer reads, whereas in winter, 68.7 % of the reads corresponded only to Schinus engleri. These findings indicate that gray brocket deer consume species that have higher nutritional value, which may be linked to their capacity to thrive in young and productive ecosystems. This study demonstrates the feasibility of DNA barcoding for dietary analysis in gray brocket deer and provides valuable insights into their food habits in the "Reserva Natural Salus". Further improvements to increase the reference databases of native species and the exploration of additional genetic markers are recommended for enhanced species-level discrimination in dietary analysis studies. This methodology is promising for future research as diet studies have an impact on species management, habitat conservation and biodiversity conservation efforts.
{"title":"Applicability of DNA barcoding-based analyses on the diet of the gray brocket deer (Subulo gouazoubira) in xeric hillside forests","authors":"M. Cosse, Antonella Bruno, N. Mannise, Nadia Bou, Maria Zabaleta, Mauricio Bonifacino, Arley Camargo, Pablo Smircich, Andrés Iriarte, Alejandro Brazeiro","doi":"10.12933/therya-24-5746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-24-5746","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we explore the applicability of DNA barcoding, specifically targeting the chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) sequences, particularly the trnL (UAA) intron region, to analyze the diet of gray brocket deer. This approach offers improved taxonomic resolution and the ability to identify species with greater precision compared to traditional methods. The study was conducted in the \"Reserva Natural Salus\" in Uruguay, covering a range of vegetation types, where gray brocket deer coexist with other exotic ungulates. A local reference database of trnL (UAA) sequences was established, incorporating both GenBank data and sequences obtained from native species in the study area. Fecal samples were collected in summer and winter, and DNA was extracted and amplified for metabarcoding analysis in pooled samples for each season. For each sample 28,229 and 33,588 reads were obtained respectively, which together corresponded to 25 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs). The species Rubus ulmifolius and Schinus engleri were the most represented in the diet with 69.6 % of the summer reads, whereas in winter, 68.7 % of the reads corresponded only to Schinus engleri. These findings indicate that gray brocket deer consume species that have higher nutritional value, which may be linked to their capacity to thrive in young and productive ecosystems. This study demonstrates the feasibility of DNA barcoding for dietary analysis in gray brocket deer and provides valuable insights into their food habits in the \"Reserva Natural Salus\". Further improvements to increase the reference databases of native species and the exploration of additional genetic markers are recommended for enhanced species-level discrimination in dietary analysis studies. This methodology is promising for future research as diet studies have an impact on species management, habitat conservation and biodiversity conservation efforts.","PeriodicalId":37851,"journal":{"name":"Therya","volume":"94 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140481688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Sandoval-Comte, Salvador Mandujano, A. González-Zamora, Pilar Rodríguez
The white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus is the wildlife species with the greatest geographic distribution and economic importance in Mexico. This article presents a biogeographic analysis of the population density of this deer species by federal states, vegetation types, biogeographic provinces, and field methods, based on 200 selected studies. Estimates are highly variable and potentially biased due to the different field designs and statistical analyses. The national average density was estimated at 6.9 deer/km2 (SD = 5.1); specifically, 75.5 % of the estimates were less than 10 deer/km2, and only 5.5 % were greater than 15 deer/km2. The highest densities were obtained in the northern region by applying the strip transect counts; while estimations using the fecal group count method were more variable and were the most used method in temperate and tropical dry forest regions. The states with the highest densities were Coahuila, Tamaulipas, Jalisco, Morelos, Michoacán, and Durango. The highest densities were estimated in the xerophilous scrublands of the northeast, intermediate for temperate, tropical dry, and sub-deciduous forests; and the lowest in the tropical wet forest. The highest densities were reported for the Tamaulipeca province followed by the Altiplano Chihuahuense, Sierra Madre Occidental, Costa Pacífica, and Depresión del Balsas. The results of this analysis could guide management strategies for the conservation and sustainable use of this species in extensive UMAs and ANPs, and also to test ecological hypotheses. However, applying more rigorous field design and statistical analysis is important to obtain confident estimates of population density and other demographic parameters to monitor population dynamics.
{"title":"Biogeographic analysis of population density of white-tailed deer in Mexico: Importance of the Protected Natural Areas and Wildlife Management Units","authors":"A. Sandoval-Comte, Salvador Mandujano, A. González-Zamora, Pilar Rodríguez","doi":"10.12933/therya-24-5753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-24-5753","url":null,"abstract":"The white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus is the wildlife species with the greatest geographic distribution and economic importance in Mexico. This article presents a biogeographic analysis of the population density of this deer species by federal states, vegetation types, biogeographic provinces, and field methods, based on 200 selected studies. Estimates are highly variable and potentially biased due to the different field designs and statistical analyses. The national average density was estimated at 6.9 deer/km2 (SD = 5.1); specifically, 75.5 % of the estimates were less than 10 deer/km2, and only 5.5 % were greater than 15 deer/km2. The highest densities were obtained in the northern region by applying the strip transect counts; while estimations using the fecal group count method were more variable and were the most used method in temperate and tropical dry forest regions. The states with the highest densities were Coahuila, Tamaulipas, Jalisco, Morelos, Michoacán, and Durango. The highest densities were estimated in the xerophilous scrublands of the northeast, intermediate for temperate, tropical dry, and sub-deciduous forests; and the lowest in the tropical wet forest. The highest densities were reported for the Tamaulipeca province followed by the Altiplano Chihuahuense, Sierra Madre Occidental, Costa Pacífica, and Depresión del Balsas. The results of this analysis could guide management strategies for the conservation and sustainable use of this species in extensive UMAs and ANPs, and also to test ecological hypotheses. However, applying more rigorous field design and statistical analysis is important to obtain confident estimates of population density and other demographic parameters to monitor population dynamics. ","PeriodicalId":37851,"journal":{"name":"Therya","volume":"150 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140481317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. González, Leticia Repetto, Veronica Gutierrez, María Eugenia Olivera, Claudia Corbi Botto, Yanina Leone, M. L. Merino, Fernanda Góss Braga, José Maurício Barbanti Duarte, Jesús E. Maldonado, M. Cosse
The Pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) is a unique species of neotropical cervid, that inhabits a wide range of open habitats including grasslands, pampas, savannas, and cerrado (Brazil) from -5° to -41° S. The reduction of the area encompassed by these habitats has been dramatically reduced to less than 2 % by human activities such as agriculture, urbanization, and poaching. Three decades ago, we initiated a molecular genetic study of the Pampas deer based on representative samples from throughout their geographic range. Our aim is to reevaluate the effect that habitat fragmentation has had on gene flow among eight wildlife Pampas deer populations and one from the captive breeding centre Estación de Cría de Fauna Autóctona (ECFA). We examined DNA sequences from three mitochondrial markers: the control region (D-loop), Cytochrome b (Cytb), and Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI). Furthermore, we compared the resolution of the different mitochondrial markers to elucidate the phylogenetic and phylogeographic patterns of the species to define Evolutionary Significant Units (ESU`s). The amount of gene flow was correlated with geographic distance among groups and populations and was consistent with limited dispersal being the primary determinant of genetic differentiation between populations. Our results showed that the D-loop was the most appropriate marker for defining Evolutionary Significant Units. We found that the critically endangered Paraná population showed significant genetic distance from the others and revealed unique haplotypes with all the mitochondrial markers. The molecular genetic results provide a mandate for habitat restoration and design a management plan to conserve these relictual populations.
潘帕斯鹿（Ozotoceros bezoarticus）是一种独特的新热带鹿科动物，栖息于南纬-5°至-41°的草原、潘帕斯草原、稀树草原和塞拉多（巴西）等多种开阔栖息地。 三十年前，我们开始对潘帕斯鹿进行分子遗传学研究，研究对象是来自潘帕斯鹿整个地理分布范围的代表性样本。 我们的目的是重新评估栖息地破碎化对八个野生潘帕斯鹿种群和一个圈养繁殖中心 Estación de Cría de Fauna Autóctona (ECFA) 的基因流动的影响。 我们研究了三个线粒体标记的 DNA 序列：控制区（D 环）、细胞色素 b（Cytb）和细胞色素氧化酶 I（COI）。 此外，我们还比较了不同线粒体标记物的分辨率，以阐明物种的系统发育和系统地理模式，从而确定重要进化单位（ESU`s）。 基因流动的数量与群体和种群之间的地理距离相关，并与有限的扩散是种群间遗传分化的主要决定因素相一致。 我们的研究结果表明，D-环是定义重要进化单元的最合适标记。 我们发现，极度濒危的巴拉那种群与其他种群之间存在明显的遗传距离，并且在所有线粒体标记中都显示出独特的单倍型。 分子遗传学结果为栖息地恢复提供了依据，并为保护这些孑遗种群制定了管理计划。
{"title":"Revisiting the conservation genetics of Pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus)","authors":"S. González, Leticia Repetto, Veronica Gutierrez, María Eugenia Olivera, Claudia Corbi Botto, Yanina Leone, M. L. Merino, Fernanda Góss Braga, José Maurício Barbanti Duarte, Jesús E. Maldonado, M. Cosse","doi":"10.12933/therya-24-5379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-24-5379","url":null,"abstract":"The Pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) is a unique species of neotropical cervid, that inhabits a wide range of open habitats including grasslands, pampas, savannas, and cerrado (Brazil) from -5° to -41° S. The reduction of the area encompassed by these habitats has been dramatically reduced to less than 2 % by human activities such as agriculture, urbanization, and poaching. Three decades ago, we initiated a molecular genetic study of the Pampas deer based on representative samples from throughout their geographic range. Our aim is to reevaluate the effect that habitat fragmentation has had on gene flow among eight wildlife Pampas deer populations and one from the captive breeding centre Estación de Cría de Fauna Autóctona (ECFA). We examined DNA sequences from three mitochondrial markers: the control region (D-loop), Cytochrome b (Cytb), and Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI). Furthermore, we compared the resolution of the different mitochondrial markers to elucidate the phylogenetic and phylogeographic patterns of the species to define Evolutionary Significant Units (ESU`s). The amount of gene flow was correlated with geographic distance among groups and populations and was consistent with limited dispersal being the primary determinant of genetic differentiation between populations. Our results showed that the D-loop was the most appropriate marker for defining Evolutionary Significant Units. We found that the critically endangered Paraná population showed significant genetic distance from the others and revealed unique haplotypes with all the mitochondrial markers. The molecular genetic results provide a mandate for habitat restoration and design a management plan to conserve these relictual populations.","PeriodicalId":37851,"journal":{"name":"Therya","volume":"118 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140483824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juanita Barrera-Vargas, Carlos A. Delgado-V, Andrés Arias-Alzate
Temporal segregation plays an important role as a coexistence mechanism between potentially competing and closely related species, especially in species with similar morphology and ecological requirements, such as mesocarnivores. This study investigates the temporal niche ecology of mesocarnivores coexisting in the southeastern Aburrá Valley, northern Colombian Andes. Specifically, this study i) evaluated the daily activity patterns of six mesocarnivore species, ii) analyzed the influence of the lunar cycle on the activity patterns of nocturnal species, iii) estimated the temporal overlap between pairs of mesocarnivores, and iv) estimated the functional similarities of these species. We hypothesized that mesocarnivores with similar functional traits exhibit greater temporal niche segregation, thus showing low overlap in their activity patterns to reduce competition. We used data from tracking cameras (10,744 camera-days) and estimated daily activity patterns using Kernel density analysis, non-negative trigonometric summation, and overlap analysis with the Overlap package in R. Also, lunar influence was evaluated using circular statistics in the software Oriana 4.02. Functional similarity was analyzed by similarity clustering using Jaccard's index in PAST. Nine species were recorded; six were included in the analyses of daily activity patterns. Activity patterns were not uniform throughout the circadian cycle. Cerdocyon thous, Leopardus tigrinus, and Nasuella olivacea showed mainly nocturnal activity, while Eira barbara, Nasua nasua, and Neogale frenata displayed a diurnal activity pattern. Only Leopardus tigrinus showed significant activity related to the lunar cycle. The activity overlap between pairs of species was variable, with a tendency to a low overlap, showing a high ecological similarity between species. This study represents the first estimate of the activity patterns of mesocarnivore species in the southeastern Aburrá Valley. The observed activity patterns are similar to those reported in other works. Species with high overlap showed ecological differences, especially in size and diet. The low number of records for some species may be associated with poor detectability but also with low abundance as a result of urban development and anthropogenic disturbance (e. g., roadkills). Our results suggest that temporal segregation contributes to mediating intra-gremial interactions and coexistence between sympatric and potentially competing species. These results will hopefully contribute to the knowledge of the ecology of mesocarnivores, mainly in ecosystems surrounding large cities in the northern Andes.
{"title":"Mesocarnivores activity patterns in the Northern Colombian Andes","authors":"Juanita Barrera-Vargas, Carlos A. Delgado-V, Andrés Arias-Alzate","doi":"10.12933/therya-23-1243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-23-1243","url":null,"abstract":"Temporal segregation plays an important role as a coexistence mechanism between potentially competing and closely related species, especially in species with similar morphology and ecological requirements, such as mesocarnivores. This study investigates the temporal niche ecology of mesocarnivores coexisting in the southeastern Aburrá Valley, northern Colombian Andes. Specifically, this study i) evaluated the daily activity patterns of six mesocarnivore species, ii) analyzed the influence of the lunar cycle on the activity patterns of nocturnal species, iii) estimated the temporal overlap between pairs of mesocarnivores, and iv) estimated the functional similarities of these species. We hypothesized that mesocarnivores with similar functional traits exhibit greater temporal niche segregation, thus showing low overlap in their activity patterns to reduce competition. We used data from tracking cameras (10,744 camera-days) and estimated daily activity patterns using Kernel density analysis, non-negative trigonometric summation, and overlap analysis with the Overlap package in R. Also, lunar influence was evaluated using circular statistics in the software Oriana 4.02. Functional similarity was analyzed by similarity clustering using Jaccard's index in PAST. Nine species were recorded; six were included in the analyses of daily activity patterns. Activity patterns were not uniform throughout the circadian cycle. Cerdocyon thous, Leopardus tigrinus, and Nasuella olivacea showed mainly nocturnal activity, while Eira barbara, Nasua nasua, and Neogale frenata displayed a diurnal activity pattern. Only Leopardus tigrinus showed significant activity related to the lunar cycle. The activity overlap between pairs of species was variable, with a tendency to a low overlap, showing a high ecological similarity between species. This study represents the first estimate of the activity patterns of mesocarnivore species in the southeastern Aburrá Valley. The observed activity patterns are similar to those reported in other works. Species with high overlap showed ecological differences, especially in size and diet. The low number of records for some species may be associated with poor detectability but also with low abundance as a result of urban development and anthropogenic disturbance (e. g., roadkills). Our results suggest that temporal segregation contributes to mediating intra-gremial interactions and coexistence between sympatric and potentially competing species. These results will hopefully contribute to the knowledge of the ecology of mesocarnivores, mainly in ecosystems surrounding large cities in the northern Andes.","PeriodicalId":37851,"journal":{"name":"Therya","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135192647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is estimated that less than 25% of the eukaryotic species on Earth have been formally described. On the other hand, we are going through a biodiversity crisis that has caused mass species extinctions, many of which have not yet been discovered by science. This puts taxonomy at the forefront of the biological sciences. Based on a case study on neotropical Myotis, a hyper-diverse and cryptic bat genus, we argue that (integrative) taxonomy plays a leading role in generating knowledge that can aid the assessment of the extinction risk of species and, consequently, guide conservation strategies. Moreover, the identification of complexes of cryptic taxa employs integrative taxonomic methods that are often based on genetic and morphological evidence, generating basic information on the demographic history, occupation of habitats, and distributional limits of taxa that are generally rare or endemic.
{"title":"The (integrative) taxonomy driving conservation of cryptic species: an example of Neotropical Myotis","authors":"Roberto Leonan Morim Novaes, Vinícius Cardoso Cláudio, Ricardo Moratelli","doi":"10.12933/therya-23-5058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-23-5058","url":null,"abstract":"It is estimated that less than 25% of the eukaryotic species on Earth have been formally described. On the other hand, we are going through a biodiversity crisis that has caused mass species extinctions, many of which have not yet been discovered by science. This puts taxonomy at the forefront of the biological sciences. Based on a case study on neotropical Myotis, a hyper-diverse and cryptic bat genus, we argue that (integrative) taxonomy plays a leading role in generating knowledge that can aid the assessment of the extinction risk of species and, consequently, guide conservation strategies. Moreover, the identification of complexes of cryptic taxa employs integrative taxonomic methods that are often based on genetic and morphological evidence, generating basic information on the demographic history, occupation of habitats, and distributional limits of taxa that are generally rare or endemic.","PeriodicalId":37851,"journal":{"name":"Therya","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135192648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dr. William (Bill) Lidicker, Jr., was a classically trained mammal biologist who played an important role in pushing the field of mammalogy from largely descriptive beginnings into conceptual arenas soundly rooted in theory and principles. Whereas many readers will know Bill primarily as the architect of a “multifactorial approach” to understanding population cyclicity in arvicoline rodents, less well-known is how Bill’s thematic focus shifted over the years. In an career that often prioritizes high-level productivity, I argue that Bill’s willingness to pursue novel themes provides an compelling model of how to live a rich and fulfilling life in academia.
{"title":"Academics, academia, and intellectual fulfilment: lessons from the career of an eminent mammalogist","authors":"Douglas A. Kelt","doi":"10.12933/therya-23-5264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-23-5264","url":null,"abstract":"Dr. William (Bill) Lidicker, Jr., was a classically trained mammal biologist who played an important role in pushing the field of mammalogy from largely descriptive beginnings into conceptual arenas soundly rooted in theory and principles. Whereas many readers will know Bill primarily as the architect of a “multifactorial approach” to understanding population cyclicity in arvicoline rodents, less well-known is how Bill’s thematic focus shifted over the years. In an career that often prioritizes high-level productivity, I argue that Bill’s willingness to pursue novel themes provides an compelling model of how to live a rich and fulfilling life in academia.","PeriodicalId":37851,"journal":{"name":"Therya","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135193478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julio Chacón-Pacheco, Jairo Pérez-Torres, Javier Racero-Casarrubia, Camilo Ramos Madera, Duván J. Bassa-Hernández, Gerson A. Salcedo-Rivera
The woolly opossums of the genus Caluromys, despite their wide distribution range, are poorly known species. In Colombia, the presence of C. derbianus and C. lanatus is recognized, and the presence of C. philander has been proposed. This study sought to update the distribution and know overlapping areas of the species of the genus Caluromys in Colombia. We modeled the current and potential distribution of C. derbianus and C. lanatus, and discussed the potential presence of C. philander. We extend the distribution range for C. derbianus and C. lanatus by obtaining new records mainly in the Colombian Caribbean region. For C. derbianus, we found that the estimated model area was 177,337 km2, with the most suitable areas in the Caribbean region in the department of Córdoba and the coast of the department of Sucre, in the north and south of the Pacific region, and in the Andean region on the western mountain range, associated with forest cover. For C. lanatus, the estimated model area was 940,007 km2 with the greatest habitat suitability in the forest cover of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, the central mountain range, the Magdalena River valleys and the Andean-Orinosence piedmont. The areas of occupancy (AOO) and extent of occurrence (EOO) in Colombia are 268 km2 and 182,741 km2 for C. derbianus, 652 km2 and 1,036,486 km2 for C. lanatus, with an overlap area of 37,889 km2. Although we found high uncertainty in the records for C. philander in Colombia, we consider that the species probably has representation in the eastern Amazon and Orinoquia regions. This information could be useful to provide new perspectives for the study of the ecological interactions of these Neotropical marsupials, as well as for assessing threats to woolly opossums in Colombia.
{"title":"New potential distribution and overlap areas of woolly opossum, genus Caluromys (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae), in Colombia","authors":"Julio Chacón-Pacheco, Jairo Pérez-Torres, Javier Racero-Casarrubia, Camilo Ramos Madera, Duván J. Bassa-Hernández, Gerson A. Salcedo-Rivera","doi":"10.12933/therya-23-4902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-23-4902","url":null,"abstract":"The woolly opossums of the genus Caluromys, despite their wide distribution range, are poorly known species. In Colombia, the presence of C. derbianus and C. lanatus is recognized, and the presence of C. philander has been proposed. This study sought to update the distribution and know overlapping areas of the species of the genus Caluromys in Colombia. We modeled the current and potential distribution of C. derbianus and C. lanatus, and discussed the potential presence of C. philander. We extend the distribution range for C. derbianus and C. lanatus by obtaining new records mainly in the Colombian Caribbean region. For C. derbianus, we found that the estimated model area was 177,337 km2, with the most suitable areas in the Caribbean region in the department of Córdoba and the coast of the department of Sucre, in the north and south of the Pacific region, and in the Andean region on the western mountain range, associated with forest cover. For C. lanatus, the estimated model area was 940,007 km2 with the greatest habitat suitability in the forest cover of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, the central mountain range, the Magdalena River valleys and the Andean-Orinosence piedmont. The areas of occupancy (AOO) and extent of occurrence (EOO) in Colombia are 268 km2 and 182,741 km2 for C. derbianus, 652 km2 and 1,036,486 km2 for C. lanatus, with an overlap area of 37,889 km2. Although we found high uncertainty in the records for C. philander in Colombia, we consider that the species probably has representation in the eastern Amazon and Orinoquia regions. This information could be useful to provide new perspectives for the study of the ecological interactions of these Neotropical marsupials, as well as for assessing threats to woolly opossums in Colombia.","PeriodicalId":37851,"journal":{"name":"Therya","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135193732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Javier Amaru-Castelo, Edgar Luis Marquina-Montesinos, Carolina Herrera-Huayhua, Sergio Yanque-Achata
The protection of many mammal species is restrained by anthropogenic pressures. For this reason, using camera traps is critical to learning about the characteristics of their populations and communities, especially when geographic barriers limit their dispersal. This study aimed to measure the variation in mammal diversity in three areas under different protection levels (Piñi Piñi, Manu Learning Centre, and Aguanos), separated by geographic barriers within the Manu Biosphere Reserve. Relative abundance indices, correspondence analysis, non-metric multidimensional scaling, diversity analysis using Hill numbers, similarity analysis, and Bray-Curtis beta diversity partitioning were measured with the recorded data. Overall, 193 individuals of 36 species were recorded, some showing area preference. Didelphis marsupialis, Dicotyles tajacu, and Sylvilagus brasiliensis prefer areas with a lower protection level. According to Hill's diversity indices, the most diverse area is the Manu Learning Centre. The three areas show variations in diversity due to changes in their composition (balanced variation) influenced by geographic barriers, such as Cerro Teparo Punta and the Alto Madre de Dios River.
{"title":"Variation of mammal diversity along a gradient separated by geographic barriers within the Andes of Perú","authors":"Javier Amaru-Castelo, Edgar Luis Marquina-Montesinos, Carolina Herrera-Huayhua, Sergio Yanque-Achata","doi":"10.12933/therya-23-4098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-23-4098","url":null,"abstract":"The protection of many mammal species is restrained by anthropogenic pressures. For this reason, using camera traps is critical to learning about the characteristics of their populations and communities, especially when geographic barriers limit their dispersal. This study aimed to measure the variation in mammal diversity in three areas under different protection levels (Piñi Piñi, Manu Learning Centre, and Aguanos), separated by geographic barriers within the Manu Biosphere Reserve. Relative abundance indices, correspondence analysis, non-metric multidimensional scaling, diversity analysis using Hill numbers, similarity analysis, and Bray-Curtis beta diversity partitioning were measured with the recorded data. Overall, 193 individuals of 36 species were recorded, some showing area preference. Didelphis marsupialis, Dicotyles tajacu, and Sylvilagus brasiliensis prefer areas with a lower protection level. According to Hill's diversity indices, the most diverse area is the Manu Learning Centre. The three areas show variations in diversity due to changes in their composition (balanced variation) influenced by geographic barriers, such as Cerro Teparo Punta and the Alto Madre de Dios River.","PeriodicalId":37851,"journal":{"name":"Therya","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135193737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alejandra Soto-Werschitz, Salvador Mandujano, Marcelo Passamani
The Brazilian Atlantic Forest has the highest rate of native vegetation destruction, which is one of the principal drivers of mammal extinctions. Therefore, reducing information gaps regarding diversity patterns, abundance, and habitat use is crucial to understand mammal persistence in fragmented landscapes. Our objective was to establish the γ diversity and to assess the extent to which the α, and β diversity, the relative abundance, and naïve occupation of medium and large-sized mammal communities differ between seasonal and ombrophilous forests. Between January 2019 and March 2020, we placed 22 camera traps in the Atlantic Forest of Minas Gerais. We calculate Hill's numbers using iNEXT.4steps package, the β-diversity with the Betapart package, as well as the relative abundance index (RAI), and naïve occupancy (PAO). We used Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney statistical tests to compare the RAIs between different species and forest types. Finally, we calculated the correlation between the RAIs and PAOs. We found 32 species, principally from the orders Carnivora and Artiodactyla. The alpha diversity and evenness profiles were not different between the two forest types (seasonal q0 = 0.91, q1 = 0.99, q2 = 1, J = 0.83; ombrophilous q0 = 0.96, q1 = 0.99, q2 = 1, J = 0.85). The beta diversity was low (βJAC = 0.37) which was mostly associated with species turnover (βJTU = 0.34), while nestedness was almost non-existent (βJNE = 0.02). The RAIs varied among mammalian species (H = 115.24, P = 0.000), with the highest values for Didelphis aurita (RAI = 4.55 ± 7.66) and Cuniculus paca (RAI = 2.35 ± 3.73) and the minor values for Speothos venaticus (RAI = 0.04 ± 0.24) and Galictis cuja (RAI = 0.06 ± 1.19). The RAIs of species was not significantly different between forests (U = 453.5; Z = 0.37; P = 0.70), and only Leopardus wiedii showed significant differences between forests (U = 84.5; P = 0.01). Most of the mammalian species had restricted occupancy to a few localities (< 50 %). The species Eira barbara and Didelphis aurita had the highest PAOs in both forests (> 50 %), and the species Tayassu pecari, Tamandua tetradactyla, and Speothos venaticus, the lowest values (5 %). We found a correlation of 75 % between the average RAI and naïve occupancy. The γ diversity was representative and consistent with the species found in the Atlantic Forest, and the relative abundance and naïve occupancy reflected the rarity of most species in the area. Additionally, the only difference between the two forests corresponds to species turnover. Therefore, we must conserve native remnants of both forests to ensure the existence of native mammals, mainly the most threatened species, to prevent more dramatic scenarios of local extinction in Minas Gerais.
{"title":"Influence of forest type on the diversity, abundance, and naïve occupancy of the mammal assemblage in the southeastern Brazilian Atlantic Forest","authors":"Alejandra Soto-Werschitz, Salvador Mandujano, Marcelo Passamani","doi":"10.12933/therya-23-4991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-23-4991","url":null,"abstract":"The Brazilian Atlantic Forest has the highest rate of native vegetation destruction, which is one of the principal drivers of mammal extinctions. Therefore, reducing information gaps regarding diversity patterns, abundance, and habitat use is crucial to understand mammal persistence in fragmented landscapes. Our objective was to establish the γ diversity and to assess the extent to which the α, and β diversity, the relative abundance, and naïve occupation of medium and large-sized mammal communities differ between seasonal and ombrophilous forests. Between January 2019 and March 2020, we placed 22 camera traps in the Atlantic Forest of Minas Gerais. We calculate Hill's numbers using iNEXT.4steps package, the β-diversity with the Betapart package, as well as the relative abundance index (RAI), and naïve occupancy (PAO). We used Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney statistical tests to compare the RAIs between different species and forest types. Finally, we calculated the correlation between the RAIs and PAOs. We found 32 species, principally from the orders Carnivora and Artiodactyla. The alpha diversity and evenness profiles were not different between the two forest types (seasonal q0 = 0.91, q1 = 0.99, q2 = 1, J = 0.83; ombrophilous q0 = 0.96, q1 = 0.99, q2 = 1, J = 0.85). The beta diversity was low (βJAC = 0.37) which was mostly associated with species turnover (βJTU = 0.34), while nestedness was almost non-existent (βJNE = 0.02). The RAIs varied among mammalian species (H = 115.24, P = 0.000), with the highest values for Didelphis aurita (RAI = 4.55 ± 7.66) and Cuniculus paca (RAI = 2.35 ± 3.73) and the minor values for Speothos venaticus (RAI = 0.04 ± 0.24) and Galictis cuja (RAI = 0.06 ± 1.19). The RAIs of species was not significantly different between forests (U = 453.5; Z = 0.37; P = 0.70), and only Leopardus wiedii showed significant differences between forests (U = 84.5; P = 0.01). Most of the mammalian species had restricted occupancy to a few localities (< 50 %). The species Eira barbara and Didelphis aurita had the highest PAOs in both forests (> 50 %), and the species Tayassu pecari, Tamandua tetradactyla, and Speothos venaticus, the lowest values (5 %). We found a correlation of 75 % between the average RAI and naïve occupancy. The γ diversity was representative and consistent with the species found in the Atlantic Forest, and the relative abundance and naïve occupancy reflected the rarity of most species in the area. Additionally, the only difference between the two forests corresponds to species turnover. Therefore, we must conserve native remnants of both forests to ensure the existence of native mammals, mainly the most threatened species, to prevent more dramatic scenarios of local extinction in Minas Gerais.","PeriodicalId":37851,"journal":{"name":"Therya","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135192649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sandra H. Montero-Bagatella, Fernando A. Cervantes, Alberto González-Romero
Populations respond dynamically to biotic and abiotic changes in their habitat. The identification and description of such demographic oscillation can inform conservation plans that support threatened species. Human activities have reduced and fragmented the already restricted habitat of the Phillips's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys phillipsii), threatening its existence. The objective of this study was to describe and analyze D. phillipsii’s annual population cycle and structure in the context of its increasing vulnerability to extinction. The capture-recapture technique was performed monthly from 2012 to 2016. Total individual counts, age, reproductive condition, weight, and sex of D. phillipsii were determined and recorded. Daily temperature and precipitation data of the study area were analyzed with population parameters and frequency data. D. phillipsii populations responded to changes in temperature and precipitation. The highest population densities were recorded in the spring and summer and were correlated with the highest values of the environmental variables studied. Sex ratio was nearly equal during samplings, with non-pregnant females and males with abdominal testes as the most frequently presented secondary sexual characteristics. Most captured individuals were adults. Individual body weights were highly variable, which can be attributed to reproduction and fluctuations in resource availability. D. phillipsii populations severely decreased in the last year of the study, with low juvenile and pregnant or lactating female frequency counts. Anthropogenic pressures on D. phillipsii habitat persist, indicating that the proliferation of this species is at risk. Information from this study could be used to address the pressing need for the management and conservation of D. phillipsii.
{"title":"Population parameters of the Phillips kangaroo rat (Dipodomys phillipsii)","authors":"Sandra H. Montero-Bagatella, Fernando A. Cervantes, Alberto González-Romero","doi":"10.12933/therya-23-3298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-23-3298","url":null,"abstract":"Populations respond dynamically to biotic and abiotic changes in their habitat. The identification and description of such demographic oscillation can inform conservation plans that support threatened species. Human activities have reduced and fragmented the already restricted habitat of the Phillips's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys phillipsii), threatening its existence. The objective of this study was to describe and analyze D. phillipsii’s annual population cycle and structure in the context of its increasing vulnerability to extinction. The capture-recapture technique was performed monthly from 2012 to 2016. Total individual counts, age, reproductive condition, weight, and sex of D. phillipsii were determined and recorded. Daily temperature and precipitation data of the study area were analyzed with population parameters and frequency data. D. phillipsii populations responded to changes in temperature and precipitation. The highest population densities were recorded in the spring and summer and were correlated with the highest values of the environmental variables studied. Sex ratio was nearly equal during samplings, with non-pregnant females and males with abdominal testes as the most frequently presented secondary sexual characteristics. Most captured individuals were adults. Individual body weights were highly variable, which can be attributed to reproduction and fluctuations in resource availability. D. phillipsii populations severely decreased in the last year of the study, with low juvenile and pregnant or lactating female frequency counts. Anthropogenic pressures on D. phillipsii habitat persist, indicating that the proliferation of this species is at risk. Information from this study could be used to address the pressing need for the management and conservation of D. phillipsii.","PeriodicalId":37851,"journal":{"name":"Therya","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135193472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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