D. Valenzuela-Galván, E. Vázquez‐Domínguez, A. Cuarón, L. Vázquez, Alejandro Flores-Manzanero, Sergio F. Nigenda-Morales
Letter to the Editor
给编辑的信
{"title":"Monogamy or monogamish? Re-examining monogamy in Peromyscus californicus","authors":"D. Valenzuela-Galván, E. Vázquez‐Domínguez, A. Cuarón, L. Vázquez, Alejandro Flores-Manzanero, Sergio F. Nigenda-Morales","doi":"10.12933/therya-23-2201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-23-2201","url":null,"abstract":"Letter to the Editor","PeriodicalId":37851,"journal":{"name":"Therya","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47504625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. A. Rahman, S. Aulagnier, J. Sunderland-Groves, G. Semiadi
The Bawean deer plays a vital role in its small and isolated ecosystem as a herbivore and effective seed disperser, as well as holds cultural importance to the local community. However, the ecology of this Critically Endangered deer is poorly studied. Using random encounter and occupancy modeling based on 29,350 camera trap days between 2017 and 2019, we aimed to provide population estimates, habitat preferences, and behavioral data for this species. The population was 120–277 mature individuals, much less than the number in 1978. The density of Bawean deer could be related to the type of forest and the predation by free-roaming dogs as well as other factors such as the increase of wild pigs on Bawean Island. According to the best occupancy model, the tall and community forests far from human settlements are the most suitable areas for this species. Bawean deer is mainly crepuscular with significant daytime activity. Our results point out free-roaming dogs as a major threat to the native mammal community on Bawean island. We suggest the Bawean deer be listed as Critically Endangered following criteria B1a,b (ii, iii, v) of IUCN. Therefore, effective law enforcement and an adequate conservation strategy, including free-roaming dog control, are required to reduce the impacts of both direct and indirect threats.
{"title":"Population trend and ecology of the most isolated deer in the world, Bawean deer (Axis kuhlii): conservation challenges","authors":"D. A. Rahman, S. Aulagnier, J. Sunderland-Groves, G. Semiadi","doi":"10.12933/therya-23-2207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-23-2207","url":null,"abstract":"The Bawean deer plays a vital role in its small and isolated ecosystem as a herbivore and effective seed disperser, as well as holds cultural importance to the local community. However, the ecology of this Critically Endangered deer is poorly studied. Using random encounter and occupancy modeling based on 29,350 camera trap days between 2017 and 2019, we aimed to provide population estimates, habitat preferences, and behavioral data for this species. The population was 120–277 mature individuals, much less than the number in 1978. The density of Bawean deer could be related to the type of forest and the predation by free-roaming dogs as well as other factors such as the increase of wild pigs on Bawean Island. According to the best occupancy model, the tall and community forests far from human settlements are the most suitable areas for this species. Bawean deer is mainly crepuscular with significant daytime activity. Our results point out free-roaming dogs as a major threat to the native mammal community on Bawean island. We suggest the Bawean deer be listed as Critically Endangered following criteria B1a,b (ii, iii, v) of IUCN. Therefore, effective law enforcement and an adequate conservation strategy, including free-roaming dog control, are required to reduce the impacts of both direct and indirect threats. ","PeriodicalId":37851,"journal":{"name":"Therya","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48416708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Pérez-Garduza, L. D. Olivera-Gómez, Horacio De la Cueva, M. Hidalgo-Mihart, D. Jiménez-Domínguez
Manatees are threatened along their range. In México, this species is listed as endangered. Manatee conservation strategies require density or occupancy estimates, especially in areas where species face survival risks. On turbid waters, like those found in rivers and lakes of the Southern Gulf of México coast, visual methods used to detect and count manatees underestimate actual numbers. Our goal was to estimate the density and abundance (N) of Antillean manatees in a small State Natural Protected Area, where a manatee population of unknown size inhabits. We performed line transects using a side scan sonar to detect animals and mark-recapture in the isolated population of manatees within Laguna de las Ilusiones, México, a landlocked lake that excludes transit. Using distance sampling from 14 boat trips, estimates of density and abundance were 15.5 manatees km-2 and 27 ± 5 manatees in the lake (CV ≈ 16.6 %). With MARK, from six capture events and 19 individual encounter records, the abundance estimated was 24 manatees (CV ≈ 16 to 24 %). Previous number of manatees were based only on visual surveys, which reported at least seven manatees. Density is lower than other similar studies along narrow waterways in important areas in México and other Central and South America countries. Studying this endangered subspecies is limited by cryptic habits, turbid waters, poor funding, and low densities, making density or abundance estimates difficult. However, within particular areas and established monitoring areas, these methods could be useful to generate baselines for conservation strategies.
{"title":"Density and abundance estimate of Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus) within a landlocked lake in Southeastern México","authors":"F. Pérez-Garduza, L. D. Olivera-Gómez, Horacio De la Cueva, M. Hidalgo-Mihart, D. Jiménez-Domínguez","doi":"10.12933/therya-23-2310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-23-2310","url":null,"abstract":"Manatees are threatened along their range. In México, this species is listed as endangered. Manatee conservation strategies require density or occupancy estimates, especially in areas where species face survival risks. On turbid waters, like those found in rivers and lakes of the Southern Gulf of México coast, visual methods used to detect and count manatees underestimate actual numbers. Our goal was to estimate the density and abundance (N) of Antillean manatees in a small State Natural Protected Area, where a manatee population of unknown size inhabits. We performed line transects using a side scan sonar to detect animals and mark-recapture in the isolated population of manatees within Laguna de las Ilusiones, México, a landlocked lake that excludes transit. Using distance sampling from 14 boat trips, estimates of density and abundance were 15.5 manatees km-2 and 27 ± 5 manatees in the lake (CV ≈ 16.6 %). With MARK, from six capture events and 19 individual encounter records, the abundance estimated was 24 manatees (CV ≈ 16 to 24 %). Previous number of manatees were based only on visual surveys, which reported at least seven manatees. Density is lower than other similar studies along narrow waterways in important areas in México and other Central and South America countries. Studying this endangered subspecies is limited by cryptic habits, turbid waters, poor funding, and low densities, making density or abundance estimates difficult. However, within particular areas and established monitoring areas, these methods could be useful to generate baselines for conservation strategies.","PeriodicalId":37851,"journal":{"name":"Therya","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45755082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cristian Kraker-Castañeda, C. Lorenzo, A. Santos-Moreno, M. MacSwiney G., Dario A Navarrete Gutierrez, Elida María Leiva-González
We studied bats in a natural protected area and the influence zone in Chiapas, México. Focusing on small vesper bats (Vespertilionidae: Myotinae) in water sinkholes, flooded surfaces, and forested locations (sampling sites), our objectives were to: 1) differentiate the sampling sites based on abiotic and biotic variables, 2) compare the relative activity between the contrasting sampling sites, and 3) determine the relative importance of surrounding land covers amounts on the relative activity. We expected the following: 1) that sampling sites would be differentiable based on an interaction of environmental conditions and nocturnal flying insects’ biomass, 2) to find a significantly higher relative activity associated with water bodies as a reflection of potential drinking and feeding supplies, and 3) that forest cover would have a significant association in a positive direction with the relative activity as a reflection of roosting and commuting opportunities. We obtained weather data with a portable station, collected flying nocturnal insects with a passive trap, and recorded bats with ultrasonic detectors. We also used satellite imagery to calculate land covers amounts around the sampling sites. We performed a multivariate analysis to compare sampling sites, and elaborated correlation models of relative activity against surrounding land covers amounts. The only significant variable for differentiating sampling sites was wind speed; in water sinkholes, with lower mean value compared to flooded surfaces and forested locations, along with a comparatively higher percentage of dipterans in the samples. The mean relative activity of bats was significantly higher in water sinkholes, with maximum values reaching 95 %, which we can relate to environmental conditions and resources available. We found associations in a positive direction with forest cover, secondary forest and water surface, and negative with agricultural land and human development. Finally, we argue that some of the water sinkholes meet the criteria of small natural features supported by the unusual activity of the studied bats, and that targeted conservation actions will complement other strategies implemented in the area.
{"title":"From the bottom up – attributes of small vesper bats’ activity sites in an upland ecosystem in Chiapas, México","authors":"Cristian Kraker-Castañeda, C. Lorenzo, A. Santos-Moreno, M. MacSwiney G., Dario A Navarrete Gutierrez, Elida María Leiva-González","doi":"10.12933/therya-23-2138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-23-2138","url":null,"abstract":"We studied bats in a natural protected area and the influence zone in Chiapas, México. Focusing on small vesper bats (Vespertilionidae: Myotinae) in water sinkholes, flooded surfaces, and forested locations (sampling sites), our objectives were to: 1) differentiate the sampling sites based on abiotic and biotic variables, 2) compare the relative activity between the contrasting sampling sites, and 3) determine the relative importance of surrounding land covers amounts on the relative activity. We expected the following: 1) that sampling sites would be differentiable based on an interaction of environmental conditions and nocturnal flying insects’ biomass, 2) to find a significantly higher relative activity associated with water bodies as a reflection of potential drinking and feeding supplies, and 3) that forest cover would have a significant association in a positive direction with the relative activity as a reflection of roosting and commuting opportunities. We obtained weather data with a portable station, collected flying nocturnal insects with a passive trap, and recorded bats with ultrasonic detectors. We also used satellite imagery to calculate land covers amounts around the sampling sites. We performed a multivariate analysis to compare sampling sites, and elaborated correlation models of relative activity against surrounding land covers amounts. The only significant variable for differentiating sampling sites was wind speed; in water sinkholes, with lower mean value compared to flooded surfaces and forested locations, along with a comparatively higher percentage of dipterans in the samples. The mean relative activity of bats was significantly higher in water sinkholes, with maximum values reaching 95 %, which we can relate to environmental conditions and resources available. We found associations in a positive direction with forest cover, secondary forest and water surface, and negative with agricultural land and human development. Finally, we argue that some of the water sinkholes meet the criteria of small natural features supported by the unusual activity of the studied bats, and that targeted conservation actions will complement other strategies implemented in the area. ","PeriodicalId":37851,"journal":{"name":"Therya","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42845420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
California mice have been widely recognized as one of the few examples of ‘true’ genetic monogamy in mammals and are one of only four mammalian species considered to be both genetically and socially monogamous. The mating system of this species, first described by David O. Ribble (1991), was initially investigated in a single population by integrating both behavioral data and DNA fingerprinting to classify P. californicus as monogamous. Here, we investigated the parentage of field sampled litters of California mice across 4 populations using both classic field methods and modern microsatellite analyses. We putatively identified male-female mouse pairs in the field using capture localities and transfer of fluorescent pigment between individuals. We then used microsatellite loci to genotype pregnant adult females, their embryos, and the adult males identified in the field as the partners of those females. We identified occurrences of extra-pair paternity in 3 out of the 4 populations of California mice, calling in to question the designation of this species as genetically monogamous (Figure 1 and Table 1). We suggest a careful re-examination of the mating system of this species using modern molecular methods to analyze a greater number of samples representing multiple sampling localities. Future studies of this species should prove particularly informative regarding the correlates of extra-pair mating and, hence, the adaptive bases for the maintenance of male-female pair bonds in the absence of true genetic monogamy.
{"title":"California mice have been widely recognized as one of the few examples of ‘true’ genetic monogamy in mammals and are one of only four mammalian species considered to be both genetically and socially monogamous. The mating system of this species, first described by David O. Ribble (1991), was initially investigated in a single population by integrating both behavioral data and DNA fingerprinting to classify P. californicus as monogamous. Here, we investigated the parentage of field sampled …","authors":"Jesyka Meléndez-Rosa, Eileen A. Lacey","doi":"10.12933/therya-23-2241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-23-2241","url":null,"abstract":"California mice have been widely recognized as one of the few examples of ‘true’ genetic monogamy in mammals and are one of only four mammalian species considered to be both genetically and socially monogamous. The mating system of this species, first described by David O. Ribble (1991), was initially investigated in a single population by integrating both behavioral data and DNA fingerprinting to classify P. californicus as monogamous. Here, we investigated the parentage of field sampled litters of California mice across 4 populations using both classic field methods and modern microsatellite analyses. We putatively identified male-female mouse pairs in the field using capture localities and transfer of fluorescent pigment between individuals. We then used microsatellite loci to genotype pregnant adult females, their embryos, and the adult males identified in the field as the partners of those females. We identified occurrences of extra-pair paternity in 3 out of the 4 populations of California mice, calling in to question the designation of this species as genetically monogamous (Figure 1 and Table 1). We suggest a careful re-examination of the mating system of this species using modern molecular methods to analyze a greater number of samples representing multiple sampling localities. Future studies of this species should prove particularly informative regarding the correlates of extra-pair mating and, hence, the adaptive bases for the maintenance of male-female pair bonds in the absence of true genetic monogamy.","PeriodicalId":37851,"journal":{"name":"Therya","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135542994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is a great pleasure to introduce this special feature honoring Dr. Alfred Lunt Gardner. Al’s many contributions to mammalogy span seven decades, two continents, and practically the entire tree of mammals. It is impossible to imagine what mammalogy in the Americas would look like without him. His academic contributions are as significant as his imposing stature. Al was born in Salem, Massachusetts in 1937 and spent his early childhood there. His first interests in natural history were sparked by his 3rd-grade teacher, an amateur ornithologist who kept a cabinet of specimens in her classroom (Gardner 2005). In 1947, the Gardner family relocated to a farm in North Andover, Massachusetts, where, according to Al, he “practically lived in the woods fishing, hunting, and trapping” (pg. 277, Gardner 2005). In his adolescent years, Al would spend considerable time in the outdoors, honing his trapping and skinning skills. By his freshman year of high school, he was selling furs and evading game wardens (Gardner 2005). In 1953, his family moved to Tucson, Arizona, where Al found a trove of new habitats and wildlife to explore. By 1955, Al graduated high school, signed up for the Army Reserves, and enrolled at the University of Arizona, where his mammalogical interests would be further stimulated by E. Lendell Cockrum and his graduate students.
{"title":"Editorial. Special Issue in Honor of Dr. Alfred L. Gardner","authors":"Jacob A. Esselstyn, Giovani Hernández-Canchola","doi":"10.12933/therya-23-3313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-23-3313","url":null,"abstract":"It is a great pleasure to introduce this special feature honoring Dr. Alfred Lunt Gardner. Al’s many contributions to mammalogy span seven decades, two continents, and practically the entire tree of mammals. It is impossible to imagine what mammalogy in the Americas would look like without him. His academic contributions are as significant as his imposing stature. Al was born in Salem, Massachusetts in 1937 and spent his early childhood there. His first interests in natural history were sparked by his 3rd-grade teacher, an amateur ornithologist who kept a cabinet of specimens in her classroom (Gardner 2005). In 1947, the Gardner family relocated to a farm in North Andover, Massachusetts, where, according to Al, he “practically lived in the woods fishing, hunting, and trapping” (pg. 277, Gardner 2005). In his adolescent years, Al would spend considerable time in the outdoors, honing his trapping and skinning skills. By his freshman year of high school, he was selling furs and evading game wardens (Gardner 2005). In 1953, his family moved to Tucson, Arizona, where Al found a trove of new habitats and wildlife to explore. By 1955, Al graduated high school, signed up for the Army Reserves, and enrolled at the University of Arizona, where his mammalogical interests would be further stimulated by E. Lendell Cockrum and his graduate students.","PeriodicalId":37851,"journal":{"name":"Therya","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46995034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Pine, Gianfranco Gomez Zamora, F. Reid, R. Timm
Roosting habits of disk-winged bats of the genus Thyroptera (Chiroptera: Thyropteridae) have been unknown to very poorly known except for those of the commonly encountered T. tricolor. Many secondary literature publications state that roosting habits of Thyroptera in general are those of tricolor, known to roost almost exclusively in vertical, unfurling large leaves, especially of native Heliconia and introduced banana (genus Musa). However, so far as known, no other species of Thyroptera chooses such roosts. Until 1993, the only species of Thyroptera known were tricolor and discifera—they had been the only two known for 139 years. During this long period, the unique roosting habits of tricolor often were attributed to the genus as a whole, as sometimes still happens today. Now there are three more known species—lavali, devivoi, and wynneae. In this paper, we correct misconceptions concerning roosting habits in Thyroptera, summarize what is known for all five species, and provide the first detailed observations on roosting in discifera. Thyroptera discifera has been found roosting attached to the underside of a palm leaflet or leaflets in Brazil and in conically curled portions of dead banana leaves in Costa Rica.
{"title":"Roosting habits of disk-winged bats, especially Thyroptera discifera","authors":"R. Pine, Gianfranco Gomez Zamora, F. Reid, R. Timm","doi":"10.12933/therya-23-2199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-23-2199","url":null,"abstract":"Roosting habits of disk-winged bats of the genus Thyroptera (Chiroptera: Thyropteridae) have been unknown to very poorly known except for those of the commonly encountered T. tricolor. Many secondary literature publications state that roosting habits of Thyroptera in general are those of tricolor, known to roost almost exclusively in vertical, unfurling large leaves, especially of native Heliconia and introduced banana (genus Musa). However, so far as known, no other species of Thyroptera chooses such roosts. Until 1993, the only species of Thyroptera known were tricolor and discifera—they had been the only two known for 139 years. During this long period, the unique roosting habits of tricolor often were attributed to the genus as a whole, as sometimes still happens today. Now there are three more known species—lavali, devivoi, and wynneae. In this paper, we correct misconceptions concerning roosting habits in Thyroptera, summarize what is known for all five species, and provide the first detailed observations on roosting in discifera. Thyroptera discifera has been found roosting attached to the underside of a palm leaflet or leaflets in Brazil and in conically curled portions of dead banana leaves in Costa Rica.","PeriodicalId":37851,"journal":{"name":"Therya","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47184537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. E. Pérez-Montes, S. T. Álvarez-Castañeda, C. Lorenzo
The physiographic, climatic, and ecological characteristics of the mountainous regions of Oaxaca are unique and host geographically isolated populations of Peromyscus mexicanus. Populations of P. mexicanus from the Sierra Madre del Sur in the Gulf side (SMG) and Pacific side (SMP), Oaxaca, were compared at the craniodental and molecular genetic levels (cytochrome b sequences). The geographic isolation of both sides of the Sierra Madre del Sur are expected to have led to genetic isolation between populations of P. mexicanus in each area and from populations of eastern México. Our results show that the Oaxacan SMG and SMP populations are genetically different, as are populations of eastern México. Populations in the Oaxaca SMG-SMP are more genetically similar to P. gymnotis than to P. mexicanus from eastern México. We recommend that the Oaxacan SMG population be classified as P. totontepecus and the SMP population as P. angelensis, with the Putla population, which is morphologically and morphometrically different, as the subspecies, P. a. putlaensis.
瓦哈卡州山区的地理、气候和生态特征是独特的，并拥有地理上孤立的墨西哥Peromyscus种群。在颅牙和分子遗传水平（细胞色素b序列）上比较了来自瓦哈卡州墨西哥湾（SMG）和太平洋（SMP）的南马德雷山脉（Sierra Madre del Sur）的墨西哥假单胞菌种群。预计南马德雷山脉两侧的地理隔离将导致每个地区的墨西哥P.icicanus种群与墨西哥东部种群之间的基因隔离。我们的研究结果表明，瓦哈卡SMG和SMP种群在基因上不同，墨西哥东部的种群也是如此。瓦哈卡州SMG-SMP的种群在基因上与裸子P.gymnotis更相似，而与墨西哥东部的墨西哥P.mexicanus更相似。我们建议将瓦哈卡SMG种群归类为P.totontepecus，将SMP种群归类为P.angelensis，将形态和形态不同的Putla种群归类为亚种P.a.putlaensis。
{"title":"Current status of the Peromyscus mexicanus complex in Oaxaca, México","authors":"L. E. Pérez-Montes, S. T. Álvarez-Castañeda, C. Lorenzo","doi":"10.12933/therya-23-2148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-23-2148","url":null,"abstract":"The physiographic, climatic, and ecological characteristics of the mountainous regions of Oaxaca are unique and host geographically isolated populations of Peromyscus mexicanus. Populations of P. mexicanus from the Sierra Madre del Sur in the Gulf side (SMG) and Pacific side (SMP), Oaxaca, were compared at the craniodental and molecular genetic levels (cytochrome b sequences). The geographic isolation of both sides of the Sierra Madre del Sur are expected to have led to genetic isolation between populations of P. mexicanus in each area and from populations of eastern México. Our results show that the Oaxacan SMG and SMP populations are genetically different, as are populations of eastern México. Populations in the Oaxaca SMG-SMP are more genetically similar to P. gymnotis than to P. mexicanus from eastern México. We recommend that the Oaxacan SMG population be classified as P. totontepecus and the SMP population as P. angelensis, with the Putla population, which is morphologically and morphometrically different, as the subspecies, P. a. putlaensis.","PeriodicalId":37851,"journal":{"name":"Therya","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44094356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To ascertain the taxonomic identity of cottontail rabbits from Costa Rica, we examined the holotypes of all the taxa of Sylvilagus currently subsumed within the Sylvilagus floridanus species complex as defined by Philip Hershkovitz. The almost 40 named taxa contained in S. floridanus are widespread from northeastern to north-central North America in the north (including southern Canada), through Central America to northwestern South America. Here, we examine Mesoamerican taxa in the complex, on the basis of holotypes, and test the hypothesis of conspecificity among them. Our examination of the holotypes, along with uni- and multivariate assessments of mensural variation as well as character variation in existing and newly acquired specimens from Costa Rica, indicate that S. floridanus (J. A. Allen, 1890) sensu stricto is restricted to North America, with its southern limit at the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. Sylvilagus yucatanicus (Miller, 1899) is limited to the Yucatan Peninsula. Sylvilagus hondurensis Goldman, 1932 is retained as a species, with S. h. costaricensis Harris, 1933 as a junior synonym. Costa Rica is revealed to have three described species: S. gabbi (J. A. Allen, 1877), S. hondurensis costaricensis, and S. dicei Harris, 1932. However, there are indications that this taxonomic scheme may in fact underrepresent the existing number of biological species of Sylvilagus present in that country.
{"title":"A propaedeutic to the taxonomy of the Eastern cottontail rabbit (Lagomorpha: Leporidae: Sylvilagus floridanus) from Central America","authors":"L. Ruedas, Lucía I. López, J. M. Mora","doi":"10.12933/therya-23-2203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-23-2203","url":null,"abstract":"To ascertain the taxonomic identity of cottontail rabbits from Costa Rica, we examined the holotypes of all the taxa of Sylvilagus currently subsumed within the Sylvilagus floridanus species complex as defined by Philip Hershkovitz. The almost 40 named taxa contained in S. floridanus are widespread from northeastern to north-central North America in the north (including southern Canada), through Central America to northwestern South America. Here, we examine Mesoamerican taxa in the complex, on the basis of holotypes, and test the hypothesis of conspecificity among them. Our examination of the holotypes, along with uni- and multivariate assessments of mensural variation as well as character variation in existing and newly acquired specimens from Costa Rica, indicate that S. floridanus (J. A. Allen, 1890) sensu stricto is restricted to North America, with its southern limit at the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. Sylvilagus yucatanicus (Miller, 1899) is limited to the Yucatan Peninsula. Sylvilagus hondurensis Goldman, 1932 is retained as a species, with S. h. costaricensis Harris, 1933 as a junior synonym. Costa Rica is revealed to have three described species: S. gabbi (J. A. Allen, 1877), S. hondurensis costaricensis, and S. dicei Harris, 1932. However, there are indications that this taxonomic scheme may in fact underrepresent the existing number of biological species of Sylvilagus present in that country.","PeriodicalId":37851,"journal":{"name":"Therya","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42217391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Velazco, Grace Ly, Julia McAllister, D. A. Esquivel
The taxonomy of Neotropical bats is constantly changing, with new species being described and junior synonyms elevated, while other taxa are relegated to junior synonyms or subspecies. The genus Platyrrhinus has followed this trend, with some issues persisting about the current status of its subspecies. Here we evaluate variation in cranial shape and size based on geometric morphometric analyses of Platyrrhinus dorsalis and P. umbratus. P. dorsalis occurs at elevations from sea level to above 2,000 m and is found from southern Panama southward into Colombia and along both slopes of the Andes in Ecuador. P. umbratus occurs at elevations from 400 m to above 3,150 m in the Andean from Colombia south through Bolivia and Caribbean Mountain systems of Venezuela and Colombia. Our analyses did not support the recognition of subspecies in either species. The difference in skull size and shape between populations of P. dorsalis is associated with elevation, suggesting that this species exhibits an altitudinal clinal variation, with individuals being larger in the lower elevation and smaller in higher elevations. In P. umbratus the difference in skull size and shape between populations is associated with a latitudinal cline, with individuals tending to be larger in the northern part of their range. Our analyses did not reveal the existence of secondary sexual variation in P. dorsalis nor in P. umbratus.
{"title":"Geographic variation in select species of the bat genus Platyrrhinus","authors":"P. Velazco, Grace Ly, Julia McAllister, D. A. Esquivel","doi":"10.12933/therya-23-2208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-23-2208","url":null,"abstract":"The taxonomy of Neotropical bats is constantly changing, with new species being described and junior synonyms elevated, while other taxa are relegated to junior synonyms or subspecies. The genus Platyrrhinus has followed this trend, with some issues persisting about the current status of its subspecies. Here we evaluate variation in cranial shape and size based on geometric morphometric analyses of Platyrrhinus dorsalis and P. umbratus. P. dorsalis occurs at elevations from sea level to above 2,000 m and is found from southern Panama southward into Colombia and along both slopes of the Andes in Ecuador. P. umbratus occurs at elevations from 400 m to above 3,150 m in the Andean from Colombia south through Bolivia and Caribbean Mountain systems of Venezuela and Colombia. Our analyses did not support the recognition of subspecies in either species. The difference in skull size and shape between populations of P. dorsalis is associated with elevation, suggesting that this species exhibits an altitudinal clinal variation, with individuals being larger in the lower elevation and smaller in higher elevations. In P. umbratus the difference in skull size and shape between populations is associated with a latitudinal cline, with individuals tending to be larger in the northern part of their range. Our analyses did not reveal the existence of secondary sexual variation in P. dorsalis nor in P. umbratus.","PeriodicalId":37851,"journal":{"name":"Therya","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48735278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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