Fernando Ruiz-Gutiérrez, Dulce María Ávila-Nájera, Cuauhtémoc Chávez, Gerardo Sánchez-Rojas
Two species of similar size and trophic niche could not coexist in the same space and time unless the resources are diverse, abundant, and can be shared. In the Sierra Madre del Sur, Guerrero, Mexico, three felines of similar size coexist, Herpailurus yagouaroundi, Leopardus pardalis, and Leopardus wiedii. The objective of this research was to identify the spatiotemporal patterns that allow the coexistence of three felines and their potential preys, as well as to evaluate how the presence of humans and livestock influence their use of space and time. We hypothesized that the three felines coexist due to a differential use of time and space. Therefore, low or moderate overlap is expected, as well as a positive relationship with prey richness but negative regarding the presence of humans and livestock. Between 2009 and 2019, information was obtained on how the three feline species and their potential prey use time and space in eight landscapes with wide environmental variation using camera trapping. With a total sampling effort of 27,014 days/trap in 1,170 km2, 362 independent records of felids and 2,287 of 12 potential preys were obtained. Overlap in daily activity patterns (Δ) was estimated, and spatial co-occurrence was calculated using epsilon (Ɛ) values. Our results show that jaguarundi displayed a diurnal activity pattern and had an overlap of Δ = 0.22 with ocelot and Δ = 0.26 with margay; ocelot and margay were nocturnal with an activity overlap of Δ = 0.87. The spatial co-occurrence between the three felid species was positive: Ɛ = 2.61 between ocelot and margay, Ɛ = 3.22 between ocelot and jaguarundi; and Ɛ = 6 between jaguarundi and margay. The temporal overlap and spatial co-occurrence among felines showed a similar use of resources, and their distribution coincide with the one of some of their potential preys, may be related to predation strategies. Temporal overlap and spatial co-occurrence alone do not limit the coexistence of species; but the environmental differences of the landscapes do influence the variation and temporal dynamics of the felines studied in the Sierra Madre del Sur de Guerrero.
{"title":"Spatial and temporal coexistence of medium-sized felines and their potential preys in Sierra Madre del Sur of Guerrero, México","authors":"Fernando Ruiz-Gutiérrez, Dulce María Ávila-Nájera, Cuauhtémoc Chávez, Gerardo Sánchez-Rojas","doi":"10.12933/therya-23-1220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-23-1220","url":null,"abstract":"Two species of similar size and trophic niche could not coexist in the same space and time unless the resources are diverse, abundant, and can be shared. In the Sierra Madre del Sur, Guerrero, Mexico, three felines of similar size coexist, Herpailurus yagouaroundi, Leopardus pardalis, and Leopardus wiedii. The objective of this research was to identify the spatiotemporal patterns that allow the coexistence of three felines and their potential preys, as well as to evaluate how the presence of humans and livestock influence their use of space and time. We hypothesized that the three felines coexist due to a differential use of time and space. Therefore, low or moderate overlap is expected, as well as a positive relationship with prey richness but negative regarding the presence of humans and livestock. Between 2009 and 2019, information was obtained on how the three feline species and their potential prey use time and space in eight landscapes with wide environmental variation using camera trapping. With a total sampling effort of 27,014 days/trap in 1,170 km2, 362 independent records of felids and 2,287 of 12 potential preys were obtained. Overlap in daily activity patterns (Δ) was estimated, and spatial co-occurrence was calculated using epsilon (Ɛ) values. Our results show that jaguarundi displayed a diurnal activity pattern and had an overlap of Δ = 0.22 with ocelot and Δ = 0.26 with margay; ocelot and margay were nocturnal with an activity overlap of Δ = 0.87. The spatial co-occurrence between the three felid species was positive: Ɛ = 2.61 between ocelot and margay, Ɛ = 3.22 between ocelot and jaguarundi; and Ɛ = 6 between jaguarundi and margay. The temporal overlap and spatial co-occurrence among felines showed a similar use of resources, and their distribution coincide with the one of some of their potential preys, may be related to predation strategies. Temporal overlap and spatial co-occurrence alone do not limit the coexistence of species; but the environmental differences of the landscapes do influence the variation and temporal dynamics of the felines studied in the Sierra Madre del Sur de Guerrero.","PeriodicalId":37851,"journal":{"name":"Therya","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135193481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aldemar A. Acevedo, Friedman Pabón P., Carlos H. Cáceres-Martínez
Remnants of Tropical Dry Forest persist in urban and peri-urban areas and are essential for maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services. However, the challenges facing the conservation of these respective forests have intensified with the encroachment of the urban frontier, mining activities, deforestation, and cattle ranching. In this context, our study aims to estimate the diversity of the order Chiroptera and characterize the diet of the family Phyllostomidae. This approach allows us to gain insights into the ecological dynamics and assess the status of Tropical Dry Forest fragments located within the urban and peri-urban areas of Cúcuta, Colombia. Field sampling was conducted from January to September 2018, with a total sampling effort of 2,160 hours/meter/net. Bats were sexed, morphometrically characterized, and had their feces collected for diet analysis before being tagged and released. We identified three families, nine genera, and 11 species. A total of 276 individuals were captured. Seven species were observed in the urban area and ten in the peri-urban zone; Artibeus lituratus and Carollia perspicillata were the most abundant species in both locations. The diet included seeds from the families Moraceae, Anacardiaceae, and Rosaceae. Our findings reveal that in areas with dense vegetation, such as peri-urban zones, frugivorous bats prefer to consume fruits of domesticated species, including economically significant fruits like guava and tomato. This dietary shift could alter seed dispersal patterns and the dynamics of the Tropical Dry Forest, highlighting the ecological importance of these flying mammals in ecosystem regeneration.
{"title":"Chiropteran diversity and diet of fruit bats in a tropical dry forest of northern South America","authors":"Aldemar A. Acevedo, Friedman Pabón P., Carlos H. Cáceres-Martínez","doi":"10.12933/therya-23-4914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-23-4914","url":null,"abstract":"Remnants of Tropical Dry Forest persist in urban and peri-urban areas and are essential for maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services. However, the challenges facing the conservation of these respective forests have intensified with the encroachment of the urban frontier, mining activities, deforestation, and cattle ranching. In this context, our study aims to estimate the diversity of the order Chiroptera and characterize the diet of the family Phyllostomidae. This approach allows us to gain insights into the ecological dynamics and assess the status of Tropical Dry Forest fragments located within the urban and peri-urban areas of Cúcuta, Colombia. Field sampling was conducted from January to September 2018, with a total sampling effort of 2,160 hours/meter/net. Bats were sexed, morphometrically characterized, and had their feces collected for diet analysis before being tagged and released. We identified three families, nine genera, and 11 species. A total of 276 individuals were captured. Seven species were observed in the urban area and ten in the peri-urban zone; Artibeus lituratus and Carollia perspicillata were the most abundant species in both locations. The diet included seeds from the families Moraceae, Anacardiaceae, and Rosaceae. Our findings reveal that in areas with dense vegetation, such as peri-urban zones, frugivorous bats prefer to consume fruits of domesticated species, including economically significant fruits like guava and tomato. This dietary shift could alter seed dispersal patterns and the dynamics of the Tropical Dry Forest, highlighting the ecological importance of these flying mammals in ecosystem regeneration.","PeriodicalId":37851,"journal":{"name":"Therya","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135246633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marcial Quiroga-Carmona, Alex González, P. Valladares, Natalí Hurtado, G. D’Elía
The Chilean mammal fauna is one of the best known of South America. In spite of this, in the last decade several new species have been described based on specimens collected in the country, while other species previously known elsewhere have been recorded for the first time in Chile. Here we keep on this trend by recording for the first time for Chile a species of long-tailed mouse of the genus Oligoryzomys. This mention is based on genetic (cytochrome b gene sequences) and morphological data gathered from several specimens collected at four localities of Quebrada de Camarones, Región de Arica y Parinacota in northern Chile. At one of these localities a specimen was live-trapped; while in the other three localities several osteological remains were recovered from owl pellets. The morphologic and genetic information robustly indicate that the revised specimens belong to the genus Oligoryzomys. The phylogenetic analyses show that the trapped specimens belong to O. flavescens s. l. However, it remains unsolved to which of two main lineages of O. flavescens s. l., O. flavescens s. s. or O. occidentalis, belongs the specimens from Camarones. Here we increase the known species richness of Chilean living mammals by showing that northernmost Chile is inhabited by O. flavescens s. l. The possibility that the specimens from Camarones represent an undescribed species cannot be ruled out. These new records indicate, once again, that much remains to be learn about basic aspects of the Chilean mammals, including which species form the local assemblages.
智利哺乳动物是南美洲最著名的动物之一。尽管如此，在过去的十年里，根据在该国收集的标本描述了几个新物种，而其他地方以前已知的其他物种在智利首次被记录下来。在这里，我们通过首次为智利记录一种寡尾鼠属的长尾鼠来保持这一趋势。这一提及是基于从智利北部Quebrada de Camarones、Región de Arica和Parinacota四个地区采集的几个标本中收集的遗传（细胞色素b基因序列）和形态学数据。在其中一个地方，一个标本被活捉；而在其他三个地方，从猫头鹰的颗粒中发现了几具骨骼遗骸。形态学和遗传学信息有力地表明，修改后的标本属于渐殖吸虫属。系统发育分析表明，被捕获的标本属于黄曲霉（O.flavescens s.l.）。然而，黄曲霉的两个主要谱系（O.flaviscens s.s.和O.occidentalis）中的哪一个属于卡马龙属的标本仍未解决。在这里，我们通过表明智利最北部居住着黄颡鱼来增加智利现存哺乳动物的已知物种丰富度。不能排除来自卡马龙的标本代表一个未描述的物种的可能性。这些新记录再次表明，关于智利哺乳动物的基本方面，包括哪些物种构成了当地的群落，还有很多需要了解。
{"title":"Increasing the known specific richness of living mammals in Chile","authors":"Marcial Quiroga-Carmona, Alex González, P. Valladares, Natalí Hurtado, G. D’Elía","doi":"10.12933/therya-23-2217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-23-2217","url":null,"abstract":"The Chilean mammal fauna is one of the best known of South America. In spite of this, in the last decade several new species have been described based on specimens collected in the country, while other species previously known elsewhere have been recorded for the first time in Chile. Here we keep on this trend by recording for the first time for Chile a species of long-tailed mouse of the genus Oligoryzomys. This mention is based on genetic (cytochrome b gene sequences) and morphological data gathered from several specimens collected at four localities of Quebrada de Camarones, Región de Arica y Parinacota in northern Chile. At one of these localities a specimen was live-trapped; while in the other three localities several osteological remains were recovered from owl pellets. The morphologic and genetic information robustly indicate that the revised specimens belong to the genus Oligoryzomys. The phylogenetic analyses show that the trapped specimens belong to O. flavescens s. l. However, it remains unsolved to which of two main lineages of O. flavescens s. l., O. flavescens s. s. or O. occidentalis, belongs the specimens from Camarones. Here we increase the known species richness of Chilean living mammals by showing that northernmost Chile is inhabited by O. flavescens s. l. The possibility that the specimens from Camarones represent an undescribed species cannot be ruled out. These new records indicate, once again, that much remains to be learn about basic aspects of the Chilean mammals, including which species form the local assemblages.","PeriodicalId":37851,"journal":{"name":"Therya","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47186248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Ramírez-Chaves, Mallerly Alarcón Cifuentes, E. Noguera-Urbano, W. A. Pérez, María M. Torres-Martínez, Paula A. Ossa-López, F. A. Rivera-Páez, Darwin M. Morales-Martínez
The brown bat Eptesicus fuscus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) is a widely distributed species with up to 11 subspecies ranging from North America, some Caribbean islands, and Central and northern South America. Within the species, Eptesicus fuscus miradorensis occurs from North America to South America being the only subspecies that occurs in the continental area of the Neotropical region and might be considered a full species. Also, it has been suggested that E. f. miradorensis shows a clinal morphologic variation from the northernmost populations of Central America toward South America. We evaluated the systematic position of E. f. miradorensis using genetic samples from Central and South America. In addition, we assessed the morphometric variations of E. f. miradorensis using 14 external and cranial measurements of specimens distributed along America. To evaluate the clinal variation and interspecific changes through its distribution, we assigned three groups considering the localities of origin i) North (México), ii) Center (Guatemala-Panamá), and iii) South (Colombia-Venezuela) using multivariate analyzes. We also compiled the localities of the revised specimens and these from databases to determine the environmental factors that potentially constrain the distribution of the taxon. We suggest that E. f. miradorensis should be elevated to the species level based on genetic comparisons. Additionally, we did not find sexual dimorphism or size variation associated with its distribution. The species is distributed from México to South America (Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador) in elevations that average over 1,000 m, showing a strong association with high mountain ecosystems. This taxon increases to 12 the number of species of bats of the subgenus Eptesicus in South America.
{"title":"Systematics, morphometry, and distribution of Eptesicus fuscus miradorensis (H. Allen, 1866) (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), with notes on baculum morphology and natural history","authors":"H. Ramírez-Chaves, Mallerly Alarcón Cifuentes, E. Noguera-Urbano, W. A. Pérez, María M. Torres-Martínez, Paula A. Ossa-López, F. A. Rivera-Páez, Darwin M. Morales-Martínez","doi":"10.12933/therya-23-2290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-23-2290","url":null,"abstract":"The brown bat Eptesicus fuscus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) is a widely distributed species with up to 11 subspecies ranging from North America, some Caribbean islands, and Central and northern South America. Within the species, Eptesicus fuscus miradorensis occurs from North America to South America being the only subspecies that occurs in the continental area of the Neotropical region and might be considered a full species. Also, it has been suggested that E. f. miradorensis shows a clinal morphologic variation from the northernmost populations of Central America toward South America. We evaluated the systematic position of E. f. miradorensis using genetic samples from Central and South America. In addition, we assessed the morphometric variations of E. f. miradorensis using 14 external and cranial measurements of specimens distributed along America. To evaluate the clinal variation and interspecific changes through its distribution, we assigned three groups considering the localities of origin i) North (México), ii) Center (Guatemala-Panamá), and iii) South (Colombia-Venezuela) using multivariate analyzes. We also compiled the localities of the revised specimens and these from databases to determine the environmental factors that potentially constrain the distribution of the taxon. We suggest that E. f. miradorensis should be elevated to the species level based on genetic comparisons. Additionally, we did not find sexual dimorphism or size variation associated with its distribution. The species is distributed from México to South America (Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador) in elevations that average over 1,000 m, showing a strong association with high mountain ecosystems. This taxon increases to 12 the number of species of bats of the subgenus Eptesicus in South America.","PeriodicalId":37851,"journal":{"name":"Therya","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44278715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hernán Orellana-Vásquez, María Mercedes Gavilánez-E.
One of the fundamental objectives of ecology is to study the relative importance of ecological, evolutionary, and stochastic processes in determining local community structure. Many studies have focused on taxonomic diversity, paying relatively little attention to other dimensions of biological diversity, such as phylogenetic and functional diversity. Little is known about how these dimensions relate to each other, and the ecological processes that influence their variation. In this study, we characterize these three dimensions of biodiversity in 14 primate communities from different ecosystems in Ecuador to understand possible mechanisms responsible for their assembly. Results show that coastal communities are taxonomically less diverse than those from the Amazon and present different functional groups. On the other hand, phylogenetic diversity is higher in Amazonian communities, showing a tendency for overdispersion (high values of MPDPD = mean phylogenetic distance per pair and low PSC = degree to which coexisting species are related). This indicates a possible influence of biological factors, such as competition, on community assembly. For all three dimensions, climatic variables were the most significant predictors of community structure, while vertical forest structure contributed significantly to variation in the phylogenetic dimension. The high functional diversity reported in this study highlights the importance and vulnerability of this group and the ecosystems they inhabit. Macroecological studies, such as the one presented here, allow a better understanding of community structure and provide important information for the development of conservation strategies.
{"title":"Taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of primate communities in Ecuador","authors":"Hernán Orellana-Vásquez, María Mercedes Gavilánez-E.","doi":"10.12933/therya-23-1022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-23-1022","url":null,"abstract":"One of the fundamental objectives of ecology is to study the relative importance of ecological, evolutionary, and stochastic processes in determining local community structure. Many studies have focused on taxonomic diversity, paying relatively little attention to other dimensions of biological diversity, such as phylogenetic and functional diversity. Little is known about how these dimensions relate to each other, and the ecological processes that influence their variation. In this study, we characterize these three dimensions of biodiversity in 14 primate communities from different ecosystems in Ecuador to understand possible mechanisms responsible for their assembly. Results show that coastal communities are taxonomically less diverse than those from the Amazon and present different functional groups. On the other hand, phylogenetic diversity is higher in Amazonian communities, showing a tendency for overdispersion (high values of MPDPD = mean phylogenetic distance per pair and low PSC = degree to which coexisting species are related). This indicates a possible influence of biological factors, such as competition, on community assembly. For all three dimensions, climatic variables were the most significant predictors of community structure, while vertical forest structure contributed significantly to variation in the phylogenetic dimension. The high functional diversity reported in this study highlights the importance and vulnerability of this group and the ecosystems they inhabit. Macroecological studies, such as the one presented here, allow a better understanding of community structure and provide important information for the development of conservation strategies. ","PeriodicalId":37851,"journal":{"name":"Therya","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45848859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Ramírez-Fernández, Ragdé Sánchez, L. May-Collado, José F. González-Maya, B. Rodríguez‐Herrera
Mammal diversity in Costa Rica is considerably high given the size of the country (51,100 km2), and has increased in recent years. Taxonomic changes together with distribution extension records have contributed to such an increase. Here we present the revised and updated list of mammals confirmed for Costa Rica based on previous lists and recent additions obtained from literature, with notes on endemism and conservation status. This updated list was based on Rodríguez-Herrera et al. (2014a) list, compared and matched with the most updated taxonomic review. A total of 256 mammals are now confirmed for Costa Rica, with the order Chiroptera and Rodentia as the most representative. We report 30 endemics for Costa Rica, including those species whose distribution is limited to the country and one of its two neighboring countries, from which 21 are rodents. Compilation on conservation status information reveals 29.6 % of species within the list classified as threatened, either by Costa Rican or international environmental authorities. Increase in new studies on mammals all around the world is leading to the discovery of new species. While systematic and phylogenetic revisions is revealing new taxonomic relationships, and cryptic species. Mainly on highly diverse and taxonomically challenging groups, as bats, rodents, and shrews, as we evidence here. Several threatened and endemic species occur in Costa Rica, where the greatest endemism area is the high elevations, and most endemic species are mice. The creation and establishment of protected areas in a large part of the Costa Rican territory has favored the prevalence of a diverse mammalian assemblage.
考虑到国家面积(51,100平方公里)，哥斯达黎加的哺乳动物多样性相当高，并且近年来有所增加。分类学的变化以及分布扩展记录促成了这种增长。在此，我们根据以前的名单和最近从文献中获得的新增加的名单，提出了哥斯达黎加确认的哺乳动物的修订和更新名单，并说明了地方性和保护状况。该更新列表基于Rodríguez-Herrera et al. (2014a)列表，并与最新的分类学综述进行了比较和匹配。目前在哥斯达黎加确认的哺乳动物共有256种，其中最具代表性的是翼目和啮齿目。我们报告了哥斯达黎加的30种地方病，包括那些分布仅限于该国及其两个邻国之一的物种，其中21种是啮齿动物。对保护状况信息的汇编显示，被哥斯达黎加或国际环境当局列为受威胁的物种中有29.6%。世界各地对哺乳动物的新研究的增加导致了新物种的发现。而系统和系统发育的修正则揭示了新的分类关系和隐种。主要是在高度多样化和具有分类学挑战性的群体上，如蝙蝠、啮齿动物和鼩鼱，正如我们在这里所证明的那样。哥斯达黎加有几种受威胁的特有物种，其中最大的特有种是高海拔地区，大多数特有种是老鼠。在哥斯达黎加大部分领土上建立和建立保护区有利于各种哺乳动物的普遍存在。
{"title":"Revised checklist and conservation status of the mammals of Costa Rica","authors":"J. Ramírez-Fernández, Ragdé Sánchez, L. May-Collado, José F. González-Maya, B. Rodríguez‐Herrera","doi":"10.12933/therya-23-2142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-23-2142","url":null,"abstract":"Mammal diversity in Costa Rica is considerably high given the size of the country (51,100 km2), and has increased in recent years. Taxonomic changes together with distribution extension records have contributed to such an increase. Here we present the revised and updated list of mammals confirmed for Costa Rica based on previous lists and recent additions obtained from literature, with notes on endemism and conservation status. This updated list was based on Rodríguez-Herrera et al. (2014a) list, compared and matched with the most updated taxonomic review. A total of 256 mammals are now confirmed for Costa Rica, with the order Chiroptera and Rodentia as the most representative. We report 30 endemics for Costa Rica, including those species whose distribution is limited to the country and one of its two neighboring countries, from which 21 are rodents. Compilation on conservation status information reveals 29.6 % of species within the list classified as threatened, either by Costa Rican or international environmental authorities. Increase in new studies on mammals all around the world is leading to the discovery of new species. While systematic and phylogenetic revisions is revealing new taxonomic relationships, and cryptic species. Mainly on highly diverse and taxonomically challenging groups, as bats, rodents, and shrews, as we evidence here. Several threatened and endemic species occur in Costa Rica, where the greatest endemism area is the high elevations, and most endemic species are mice. The creation and establishment of protected areas in a large part of the Costa Rican territory has favored the prevalence of a diverse mammalian assemblage. ","PeriodicalId":37851,"journal":{"name":"Therya","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48734737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manuel Ruiz-García, Maria Fernanda Jaramillo, Joseph Mark Shostell
Letter to the Editor
给编辑的信
{"title":"Response to Valenzuela-Galvan et al. 2023: It is not necessary to “create” a new species for the sake of conservation: the case of the Cozumel’s coati","authors":"Manuel Ruiz-García, Maria Fernanda Jaramillo, Joseph Mark Shostell","doi":"10.12933/therya-23-3864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-23-3864","url":null,"abstract":"Letter to the Editor","PeriodicalId":37851,"journal":{"name":"Therya","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135542995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Gallo‐Reynoso, Thomas R. Van Devender, James C. Rorabaugh, Juan Mario Cirett-Galán, Nora L. Villanueva-Gutiérrez, Guillermo Molina-Padilla, Lydia Lozano-Angulo, J. M. Galaz Galaz, Saúl Amador-Alcalá, Hugo Silva-Kurumiya, F. I. Ochoa-Gutiérrez, María de la Paz Montañez-Armenta, Gertrudes Yanes-Arvayo, Manuel Luciano Acedo-Aguirre, Rosa E. Jiménez-Maldonado, R. Harrill, Isai D. Barba‐Acuña, Janitzio Égido-Villarreal
The ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) ranges from northeastern Argentina to southern Texas and southeastern Arizona. It is listed as Endangered in Mexico and the United States. Previous works on ocelots in Sonora, found them occupying different habitats, including tropical deciduous forest, thornscrub, desert grassland, oak woodland, and pine-oak forest, avoiding the driest areas of the Sonoran Desert. The majority of our records are from camera traps, with indirect records from tracks. We analyzed images and videos of more than 100 camera traps used to monitor wildlife in ranches and natural protected areas of Sonora. Cameras were set at an altitude of 70 to 100 cm above ground, some were baited with a sardine-tomato mixture, others were not, the majority were set in areas where other species were the main objective. We obtained 147 recent records from 2015 to 2021 and 28 previous records of ocelots in Sonora. Ocelots occur in the eastern half of Sonora, avoiding areas with less than 400 mm of annual rainfall in the eastern and northwestern Sonoran Desert. Ocelots have been recorded from 53 to 2,151 m elevation (av. 996 m). 21 images in nine localities show females with kittens, indicating breeding populations. In southern and east-central Sonora, ocelots live in tropical deciduous forest, and foothills thornscrub. At Maycoba east of Yécora, in Sierra Huachinera and in the Sky Islands Mountain ranges in northeastern Sonora, ocelots live in temperate vegetation, including desert grassland, oak woodland, and pine-oak forest. Ocelots have been recorded in riparian habitats, transecting other vegetation types in the principal rivers of the state: Ríos Bavispe-Yaqui, Mayo, and Sonora, which drain the Sierra Madre Occidental, the Sky Island Region and southeastern Arizona to the Gulf of California, providing dispersal corridors. Other medium sized rivers provide corridors for the dispersal of ocelots, such as Río Mátape in central Sonora, and Ríos Cocóspera, San Pedro, and Santa Cruz in the north. The nearest Sonoran populations to Arizona are in the Sierra El Alacrán and Río Cocóspera on Rancho El Aribabi.
豹猫(Leopardus pardalis)的分布范围从阿根廷东北部到德克萨斯州南部和亚利桑那州东南部。它在墨西哥和美国被列为濒危物种。之前对索诺拉豹猫的研究发现，它们占据了不同的栖息地，包括热带落叶林、荆棘灌丛、沙漠草原、橡树林地和松橡树林，避开了索诺兰沙漠最干燥的地区。我们的大部分记录都来自相机陷阱，还有间接的足迹记录。我们分析了用于监控牧场和索诺拉自然保护区野生动物的100多个相机陷阱的图像和视频。摄像机被设置在离地面70至100厘米的高度，一些用沙丁鱼-番茄混合物作为诱饵，另一些则没有，大多数摄像机被设置在以其他物种为主要目标的地区。我们获得了2015年至2021年期间在索诺拉的147条最新记录和28条之前的豹猫记录。豹猫生活在索诺拉的东半部，避开索诺拉沙漠东部和西北部年降雨量低于400毫米的地区。在海拔53至2151米(平均海拔996米)的地方记录了豹猫。在9个地点的21张图像中，母豹猫带着小猫，表明了繁殖种群。在索诺拉州的南部和中东部，豹猫生活在热带落叶林中和山麓的荆棘灌木丛中。在yacimora东部的Maycoba, Sierra Huachinera和Sonora东北部的天空群岛山脉，豹猫生活在温带植被中，包括沙漠草原，橡树林地和松橡树林。有记录显示，豹猫生活在河岸栖息地，横贯该州主要河流中的其他植被类型:Ríos巴维斯佩-亚基河、梅奥河和索诺拉河，这些河流将西马德雷山脉、天空岛地区和亚利桑那州东南部地区引流到加利福尼亚湾，提供了扩散走廊。其他中等大小的河流为豹猫的扩散提供了通道，如索诺拉州中部的Río Mátape，北部的Ríos Cocóspera、圣佩德罗和圣克鲁斯。离亚利桑那州最近的索诺兰人居住在塞拉埃尔Alacrán和Río Cocóspera的阿里巴比牧场。
{"title":"Distribution and habitat of Ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) in Sonora, México","authors":"J. Gallo‐Reynoso, Thomas R. Van Devender, James C. Rorabaugh, Juan Mario Cirett-Galán, Nora L. Villanueva-Gutiérrez, Guillermo Molina-Padilla, Lydia Lozano-Angulo, J. M. Galaz Galaz, Saúl Amador-Alcalá, Hugo Silva-Kurumiya, F. I. Ochoa-Gutiérrez, María de la Paz Montañez-Armenta, Gertrudes Yanes-Arvayo, Manuel Luciano Acedo-Aguirre, Rosa E. Jiménez-Maldonado, R. Harrill, Isai D. Barba‐Acuña, Janitzio Égido-Villarreal","doi":"10.12933/therya-23-3788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-23-3788","url":null,"abstract":"The ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) ranges from northeastern Argentina to southern Texas and southeastern Arizona. It is listed as Endangered in Mexico and the United States. Previous works on ocelots in Sonora, found them occupying different habitats, including tropical deciduous forest, thornscrub, desert grassland, oak woodland, and pine-oak forest, avoiding the driest areas of the Sonoran Desert. The majority of our records are from camera traps, with indirect records from tracks. We analyzed images and videos of more than 100 camera traps used to monitor wildlife in ranches and natural protected areas of Sonora. Cameras were set at an altitude of 70 to 100 cm above ground, some were baited with a sardine-tomato mixture, others were not, the majority were set in areas where other species were the main objective. We obtained 147 recent records from 2015 to 2021 and 28 previous records of ocelots in Sonora. Ocelots occur in the eastern half of Sonora, avoiding areas with less than 400 mm of annual rainfall in the eastern and northwestern Sonoran Desert. Ocelots have been recorded from 53 to 2,151 m elevation (av. 996 m). 21 images in nine localities show females with kittens, indicating breeding populations. In southern and east-central Sonora, ocelots live in tropical deciduous forest, and foothills thornscrub. At Maycoba east of Yécora, in Sierra Huachinera and in the Sky Islands Mountain ranges in northeastern Sonora, ocelots live in temperate vegetation, including desert grassland, oak woodland, and pine-oak forest. Ocelots have been recorded in riparian habitats, transecting other vegetation types in the principal rivers of the state: Ríos Bavispe-Yaqui, Mayo, and Sonora, which drain the Sierra Madre Occidental, the Sky Island Region and southeastern Arizona to the Gulf of California, providing dispersal corridors. Other medium sized rivers provide corridors for the dispersal of ocelots, such as Río Mátape in central Sonora, and Ríos Cocóspera, San Pedro, and Santa Cruz in the north. The nearest Sonoran populations to Arizona are in the Sierra El Alacrán and Río Cocóspera on Rancho El Aribabi.","PeriodicalId":37851,"journal":{"name":"Therya","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47553016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Selina Brace, S. Turvey, M. Weksler, M. Hoogland, I. Barnes
The rodent genus name Antillomys and the species name Antillomys rayi (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) are unavailable, given that the publication where it originally appears did not satisfy the requirements of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. The names were formally described in the supplementary information (electronic online text) in Word format, and the work itself did not contain evidence that it was registered in Zoobank, as per Article 8.5.3 (amended) of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. In this note we establish the availability of the names Antillomys and Antillomys rayi, by fulfilling ICZN´s requirements.
{"title":"Establishing the availability of the mammalian genus name Antillomys and species name Antillomys rayi (Rodentia, Cricetidae)","authors":"Selina Brace, S. Turvey, M. Weksler, M. Hoogland, I. Barnes","doi":"10.12933/therya-23-2281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-23-2281","url":null,"abstract":"The rodent genus name Antillomys and the species name Antillomys rayi (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) are unavailable, given that the publication where it originally appears did not satisfy the requirements of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. The names were formally described in the supplementary information (electronic online text) in Word format, and the work itself did not contain evidence that it was registered in Zoobank, as per Article 8.5.3 (amended) of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. In this note we establish the availability of the names Antillomys and Antillomys rayi, by fulfilling ICZN´s requirements.","PeriodicalId":37851,"journal":{"name":"Therya","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48556041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Stuhler, Michaela K. Halsey, J. Goetze, Robert D. Bradley, D. Ray, R. Stevens
The Texas kangaroo rat (Dipodomys elator) is a rare species of conservation interest at both the state and federal level. Therefore, an updated understanding of distribution and abundance of D. elator is critical for initiating informed decisions about its conservation status and subsequent management strategies. We surveyed more than 850 locations along unpaved county roads across the historical range of this species in north-central Texas to identify sites of D. elator presence and examine patterns of rodent species associations. We determined that D. elator presently occurs in five counties in Texas within its historical range and was the eighth most abundant species of the 14 species that we captured. Moreover, we found that the majority of pairwise species associations, including those involving D. elator, were random and there was no strong evidence that pairs of rodents were aggregating or segregating with respect to each other. We did observe negative associations between D. elator and both Dipodomys ordii (Ord’s kangaroo rat) and Sigmodon hispidus (hispid cotton rat). Nonetheless, these patterns indicate that interspecific interactions do not play a strong role in influencing the distribution of D. elator. However, the restricted and temporally dynamic distribution of this species suggests that a metapopulation perspective should be considered when making future conservation considerations.
{"title":"Updated distribution of the Texas kangaroo rat (Dipodomys elator) and patterns of rodent species associations from county road surveys in Texas","authors":"J. Stuhler, Michaela K. Halsey, J. Goetze, Robert D. Bradley, D. Ray, R. Stevens","doi":"10.12933/therya-23-2306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-23-2306","url":null,"abstract":"The Texas kangaroo rat (Dipodomys elator) is a rare species of conservation interest at both the state and federal level. Therefore, an updated understanding of distribution and abundance of D. elator is critical for initiating informed decisions about its conservation status and subsequent management strategies. We surveyed more than 850 locations along unpaved county roads across the historical range of this species in north-central Texas to identify sites of D. elator presence and examine patterns of rodent species associations. We determined that D. elator presently occurs in five counties in Texas within its historical range and was the eighth most abundant species of the 14 species that we captured. Moreover, we found that the majority of pairwise species associations, including those involving D. elator, were random and there was no strong evidence that pairs of rodents were aggregating or segregating with respect to each other. We did observe negative associations between D. elator and both Dipodomys ordii (Ord’s kangaroo rat) and Sigmodon hispidus (hispid cotton rat). Nonetheless, these patterns indicate that interspecific interactions do not play a strong role in influencing the distribution of D. elator. However, the restricted and temporally dynamic distribution of this species suggests that a metapopulation perspective should be considered when making future conservation considerations. ","PeriodicalId":37851,"journal":{"name":"Therya","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48753858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：