Reviews in Physics最新文献

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Review of the geometrical developments in GEANT4-DNA: From a biological perspective 回顾GEANT4-DNA的几何发展：从生物学的角度

Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Reviews in Physics

Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.revip.2025.100110

Ruhani Khanna , Yvonne Reinwald , Richard P. Hugtenburg , Alejandro Bertolet , Ahmad Serjouei

GEANT4-DNA is an expansion of the widely utilised GEANT4 Monte Carlo toolkit. This extension focuses on modelling the physical, chemical, and biological stages of ionising radiation for radiobiological applications at cellular and DNA level interactions. To date, review papers on GEANT4-DNA focus solely on evaluating a selection of the latest developments with a greater focus on mechanistic developments rather than progress in biologically specific geometries. In this work, an overview of biological analysis and biological geometries that have been developed are discussed, highlighting the latest developments and future possible development avenues for GEANT4-DNA for this application. An overview of the biological organisation levels, namely DNA, cellular, and population levels, and how GEANT4-DNA models the physical, chemical, and biological processes are also described. This review emphasises the need for persistent development of specific biological geometry accompanied by personalised DNA damage analysis parameters dependent on the biological processes considered within a specific model. It also provides an in-depth understanding of the advances at all the biological organisation levels (DNA, cellular, and population) and the use of co-operative platforms developed to model alongside GEANT4 to provide further detailed geometries and or biological damage analysis. The developments presented have been analytically discussed along with their key findings and prospects for GEANT4-DNA. Finally, a perspective on future necessary developments is portrayed since many of the advancements in the biological analysis and biological geometries discussed have not been exploited to their full potential. The development of GEANT4-DNA, using the advances discussed in this review, provides a favourable method for the evaluation of biological damage comparable to radiobiological studies.

GEANT4-DNA 是对广泛使用的 GEANT4 蒙特卡罗工具包的扩展。该扩展工具包侧重于模拟电离辐射的物理、化学和生物阶段，以便在细胞和 DNA 层面的相互作用中进行放射生物学应用。迄今为止，有关 GEANT4-DNA 的综述论文仅侧重于评估部分最新开发成果，更多关注的是机理方面的开发，而非生物特定几何结构方面的进展。在这项工作中，讨论了生物分析和已开发的生物几何图形的概况，强调了 GEANT4-DNA 在此应用领域的最新发展和未来可能的发展途径。此外，还概述了生物组织水平，即 DNA、细胞和种群水平，以及 GEANT4-DNA 如何模拟物理、化学和生物过程。本综述强调了持续开发特定生物几何模型的必要性，以及根据特定模型中考虑的生物过程提供个性化 DNA 损伤分析参数的必要性。它还深入介绍了在所有生物组织层面（DNA、细胞和群体）取得的进展，以及使用合作平台开发的模型与 GEANT4 一起提供更详细的几何图形和生物损伤分析。我们分析讨论了所介绍的发展情况，以及 GEANT4-DNA 的主要发现和前景。最后，对未来必要的发展进行了展望，因为所讨论的生物分析和生物几何图形方面的许多进展尚未充分发挥其潜力。利用本综述中讨论的进展开发 GEANT4-DNA，为评估与放射生物学研究相当的生物损伤提供了有利的方法。

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引用次数: 0

An open 2n-D laser parallel synchronization network and its chaos control of multiple states 开放2n-D激光并行同步网络及其多态混沌控制

Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Reviews in Physics

Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.revip.2025.100107

Yan Senlin

This paper presents an open laser parallel synchronization network comprising double centers and two chains. The double centers consist of two coupled lasers, while n (n

\in

N) single lasers are used as n nodes installed in series in one chain and n single-injected lasers are used as n nodes installed in series in another chain. An external light is injected into each node's laser in one chain and a center's laser to enable the closed optical network to be developed into an open optical network. Our study demonstrates that chaos control of each node laser of the network can be achieved via external light injection, and network parallel synchronization can be obtained in two chains. We find the controlled quasi-periodic synchronization regions. When dynamic chaos control of the network is achieved by shifting the external light injection, the network obtains quasi-periodic parallel synchronization in two chains. We provide a bifurcation diagram of the closed network, a bifurcation diagram of the open network, and a bifurcation diagram varying with the external light injection, displaying routes to chaos after passing double-periodic bifurcation through four-period or quasi-period. We find that there are clear, different routes to chaos operated in the closed network and the open network and that external light injection can guide a route away from chaos, while chaos control is achieved in the open network. The results have important reference value for the study of the control and synchronization of optical networks, laser technology, complex systems, and chaos.

提出了一种由双中心双链组成的开放式激光平行同步网络。双中心由两个耦合激光器组成，其中n （n∈n）个单激光器作为n个节点串联安装在一条链上，n个单注入激光器作为n个节点串联安装在另一条链上。将外部光注入一条光链中每个节点的激光器和一个中心的激光器，使封闭光网络发展成为开放光网络。我们的研究表明，通过外部光注入可以实现网络各节点激光的混沌控制，并且可以在两条链上实现网络的并行同步。我们找到了受控的准周期同步区域。当通过转移外部光注入实现网络的动态混沌控制时，网络在两条链上实现准周期并行同步。我们给出了封闭网络的分岔图、开放网络的分岔图和随外部光注入变化的分岔图，显示了通过四周期或准周期双周期分岔后进入混沌的路径。我们发现，在封闭网络和开放网络中运行着清晰的、不同的混沌路径，外部光注入可以引导一条远离混沌的路径，而在开放网络中实现了混沌控制。研究结果对光网络的控制与同步、激光技术、复杂系统和混沌的研究具有重要的参考价值。

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引用次数: 0

From theory to practice: Floquet-Magnus and Fer expansions in triple oscillating field NMR 从理论到实践：三重振荡场核磁共振中的Floquet-Magnus和Fer展开

Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Reviews in Physics

Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.revip.2025.100109

Eugene Stephane Mananga

The Floquet-Magnus expansion (FME) and Fer expansion (FE) schemes were introduced in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in 2011 and 2006, respectively. Key features of the Floquet-Magnus expansion are its ability to account for the calculations developed in a finite-dimensional Hilbert space instead of an infinite-dimensional space within the Floquet theory as well as its use of its distinguishable function,

Λ_{n} (t), n = 1, 2, 3, \dots

, not available in other concurrent theories such as average Hamiltonian theory, Floquet theory, and Fer expansion. The distinguishable function facilitates the evaluation of the spin behavior in between the stroboscopic observation points. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of both the FME and FE methods and integrates them with the Triple Oscillating Field Technique (TOFU) in solid-state NMR. This is a significant and novel contribution as it presents a unified framework for explaining spin dynamics. The use of both FME and FE provides new theoretical insights and extends the applicability of these methods beyond traditional approaches. The application to the TOFU technique, which circumvents the dipolar truncation problem, indicates substantial practical implications for distance measurement in solid-state NMR, a critical aspect of molecular structure determination. We take advantage of the interaction frequencies and the time modulation arising from the TOFU pulse sequence, which allows selective recoupling of specific terms in the Hamiltonian that fulfill determined specific conditions. The work presented unifies and generalizes the results of the FME and FE and delivers illustrations of novel insights that boost previous applications that are based on the classical information. We believe that the revisited approaches in this work and the derived expressions can serve as useful information and numerical tools for time evolution in spin dynamics, time-resolved spectroscopy, quantum control, and quantum dynamics[81,82].

2011年和2006年分别在固体核磁共振（NMR）中引入了Floquet-Magnus展开（FME）和Fer展开（FE）方案。Floquet- magnus展开的主要特点是它能够解释在有限维希尔伯特空间而不是在Floquet理论中的无限维空间中进行的计算，以及它使用的可区分函数Λn(t),n=1,2,3，…，这在其他并行理论中是不可用的，如平均哈密顿理论，Floquet理论和Fer展开。该可区分函数便于频闪观测点间自旋行为的评价。本文对FME和FE方法进行了深入的分析，并将它们与固体核磁共振中的三振场技术（豆腐）相结合。这是一个重要而新颖的贡献，因为它为解释自旋动力学提供了一个统一的框架。FME和FE的使用提供了新的理论见解，并扩展了这些方法超越传统方法的适用性。豆腐技术的应用，规避了偶极截断问题，表明固体核磁共振的距离测量具有重要的实际意义，这是分子结构测定的关键方面。我们利用豆腐脉冲序列产生的相互作用频率和时间调制，它允许在满足确定的特定条件的哈密顿量中选择性地重新耦合特定项。所提出的工作统一并概括了FME和FE的结果，并提供了新的见解的插图，这些见解促进了以前基于经典信息的应用。我们相信在这项工作中重新审视的方法和推导的表达式可以作为自旋动力学、时间分辨光谱、量子控制和量子动力学中时间演化的有用信息和数值工具[81,82]。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of spatial dispersion in the topological edge states of magnetized plasmas 磁化等离子体拓扑边缘态中空间弥散的影响

Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Reviews in Physics

Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.revip.2025.100108

João C. Serra, Mário G. Silveirinha

Conventional Chern insulators are two-dimensional periodic structures that support unidirectional edge states at the boundary, while the wave propagation in the bulk regions is forbidden. The number of unidirectional edge states is governed by the gap Chern number, a topological invariant that depends on the global properties of the system over the entire wavevector space. This concept can also be extended to systems with a continuous translational symmetry provided they satisfy a regularization condition for large wavenumbers. Here, we discuss how the spatial dispersion, notably the high-spatial frequency behavior of the material response, critically influences the topological properties, and consequently, the net number of unidirectional edge states. In particular, we show that seemingly small perturbations of a local magnetized plasma can lead to distinct Chern phases and, consequently, markedly different edge state dispersions.

传统的陈氏绝缘子是二维周期结构，在边界处支持单向边缘状态，而波在体区传播是被禁止的。单向边缘状态的数量由间隙陈恩数控制，这是一个依赖于整个波矢量空间上系统的全局性质的拓扑不变量。这个概念也可以推广到具有连续平移对称的系统，只要它们满足大波数的正则化条件。在这里，我们讨论了空间色散，特别是材料响应的高空间频率行为，如何严重影响拓扑性质，从而影响单向边缘状态的净数量。特别地，我们表明局部磁化等离子体的看似微小的扰动可以导致不同的陈氏相，从而导致明显不同的边缘态色散。

引用次数: 0

A comprehensive review of nanoscale MOS capacitors applications in photonics 纳米MOS电容器在光子学中的应用综述

Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Reviews in Physics

Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.revip.2025.100106

Matan Levi , Avraham Chelly , Avi Karsenty

Nanoscale Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) capacitors have emerged as versatile building blocks in photonics, enabling a wide range of applications, from optical modulators to sensors. The integration of these devices with traditional CMOS technology offers the potential for low-cost, high-performance, and energy-efficient photonic systems. This review delves into the fundamental concept, high impact applications, and future prospects of nanoscale MOS capacitors in photonics. Numerical method usage and comparative results are presented to illustrate this important technological paradigm.

纳米级金属氧化物半导体（MOS）电容器已经成为光子学中多功能的构建模块，实现了从光学调制器到传感器的广泛应用。这些器件与传统CMOS技术的集成为低成本、高性能和节能的光子系统提供了潜力。本文综述了纳米MOS电容器在光子学中的基本概念、高影响应用以及未来前景。给出了数值方法的使用和比较结果来说明这一重要的技术范式。

引用次数: 0

Subharmonic oscillations in the Floquet circuit with the frequency-synthesis dimension 含频率合成维数的Floquet电路的次谐波振荡

Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Reviews in Physics

Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.revip.2025.100105

Bo Lv , Shiyun Xia , Ye Tian , Ting Liu , Hongyang Mu , Zhichao Shen , Sijie Wang , Zheng Zhu , Huibin Tao , Fanyi Meng , Jinhui Shi

The period-doubling oscillation emerges due to the coexistence of zero and π modes in Floquet topological insulators (FTIs). Here, leveraging the flexibility of the electric circuit, we construct a circuit with frequency-synthetic dimension to realize the FTIs of a periodically-driven model and demonstrate the topological edge states of zero and π modes. In contrast to the period-doubling oscillations observed in FTIs, the circuit exhibits deeply-subharmonic oscillations with periods extensively exceeding the doubling-driven period. Furthermore, we explore the band of the circuit with the equivalent-enhanced periodically-driven strength. Our method provides a flexible scheme to study Floquet topological phases, and open a new path for realizing the deeply subwavelength system.

在Floquet拓扑绝缘子（FTIs）中，由于零模式和π模式共存而产生倍周期振荡。在这里，利用电路的灵活性，我们构建了一个具有频率合成维度的电路来实现周期驱动模型的fti，并演示了零模式和π模式的拓扑边缘状态。与fti中观察到的倍周期振荡相反，该电路表现出周期大大超过倍驱动周期的深次谐波振荡。此外，我们探索了具有等效增强周期性驱动强度的电路的频带。该方法为研究Floquet拓扑相位提供了一种灵活的方案，为实现深度亚波长系统开辟了一条新的途径。

引用次数: 0

Applications of Chebyshev polynomials and Toeplitz theory to topological metamaterials Chebyshev多项式和Toeplitz理论在拓扑超材料中的应用

Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Reviews in Physics

Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.revip.2025.100103

Habib Ammari , Silvio Barandun , Ping Liu

We survey the use of Chebyshev polynomials and Toeplitz theory for the study of topological metamaterials. We consider both Hermitian and non-Hermitian systems of subwavelength resonators and provide a mathematical framework to quantitatively explain and characterise some spectacular properties of metamaterials. Our characterisations are based on translation invariance properties of the capacitance matrices associated to the different investigated systems of resonators together with properties of Chebyshev polynomials. The three-term recurrence relation satisfied by the Chebyshev polynomials is shown to be the key to the mathematical analysis of spectra of tridiagonal (perturbed) both Toeplitz (for monomer systems) and 2-Toeplitz (for dimer systems) capacitance matrices.

本文综述了切比雪夫多项式和Toeplitz理论在拓扑超材料研究中的应用。我们考虑了亚波长谐振子的厄米和非厄米系统，并提供了一个数学框架来定量地解释和表征超材料的一些惊人性质。我们的特征是基于与不同研究系统的谐振器相关的电容矩阵的平移不变性以及切比雪夫多项式的性质。切比舍夫多项式所满足的三项递推关系是三对角线（摄动）Toeplitz（单体体系）和2-Toeplitz（二聚体体系）电容矩阵谱的数学分析的关键。

引用次数: 0

Topological trivial and nontrivial properties in electromagnetic metamaterials 电磁超材料的拓扑平凡与非平凡性质

Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Reviews in Physics

Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.revip.2025.100104

Wenjun Cai , Zidong Zhang , Weichang Hao

The review explores topologically trivial and nontrivial properties in electromagnetic metamaterials, focusing on their design principles and applications. Electromagnetic metamaterials, known for their ability to manipulate electromagnetic waves through artificial structures, have significantly advanced due to topological concepts. Topologically trivial metamaterials rely on traditional unit structures like resonators, employing geometric patterns to achieve desired wave control, such as absorption and polarization. In contrast, topologically nontrivial metamaterials utilize periodic arrangement and unique unit cells, leading to robust edge states and waveguiding properties protected against defects. Recent developments, including Möbius strip-inspired designs, demonstrate how these topological effects enhance electromagnetic functionality. The review emphasizes that the fusion of topology with metamaterials opens avenues for advanced applications in optics, communications, and quantum computing unlock new functionalities in various technological fields.

本文探讨了电磁超材料的拓扑平凡和非平凡性质，重点介绍了它们的设计原理和应用。电磁超材料以其通过人工结构操纵电磁波的能力而闻名，由于拓扑学概念而取得了重大进展。拓扑平凡的超材料依赖于传统的单元结构，如谐振器，采用几何图案来实现所需的波控制，如吸收和极化。相比之下，拓扑非平凡的超材料利用周期性排列和独特的单元胞，导致鲁棒的边缘状态和波导特性，防止缺陷。最近的发展，包括Möbius条形设计，展示了这些拓扑效应如何增强电磁功能。该综述强调，拓扑与超材料的融合为光学、通信和量子计算的先进应用开辟了道路，并在各个技术领域解锁了新功能。

引用次数: 0

Photonic realization of non-Hermitian skin effect using topological ring cavities 利用拓扑环腔实现非厄米集肤效应

Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Reviews in Physics

Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.revip.2025.100102

Sheng Zhang , Zhi Hong Hang

Non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE) describes that all eigenmodes of a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian are located at the boundary of the system. Being one of the key characteristics of non-Hermitian physics, the realization of NHSE could pave the road to future applications. In this work, in analogy to the Hatano-Nelson (HN) model, we successfully construct a feasible design of photonic NHSE by using the topological ring cavities composed of photonic crystals with distinct topological properties, where the topological interface states replace the bulk states in HN model. By introducing material loss into the linkers, we propose a feasible way to tune the non-reciprocal coupling between topological ring cavities as well as the corresponding NHSE. The localization of topological interface states can be influenced by NHSE whose localization strength can be manipulated with the difference of material losses introduced. Owing to its topology nature, we verify the robustness of the proposed structure against local defects. Our proposal can also be extended to two-dimensional (2D) NHSE and higher-ordered NHSE, where we believe it will be an ideal platform to study non-Hermitian physics and intriguing applications in topological photonics.

非厄米集肤效应（NHSE）描述了一个非厄米哈密顿量的所有特征模都位于系统的边界处。作为非厄米物理的关键特征之一，NHSE的实现可以为未来的应用铺平道路。在本工作中，我们类比于Hatano-Nelson （HN）模型，利用具有不同拓扑性质的光子晶体组成的拓扑环腔，用拓扑界面态代替HN模型中的体态，成功构建了一种可行的光子NHSE设计。通过在连接器中引入材料损耗，我们提出了一种可行的方法来调整拓扑环腔之间的非互易耦合以及相应的NHSE。NHSE可以影响拓扑界面态的局域化，NHSE的局域化强度可以通过引入材料损失的差异来控制。由于其拓扑性质，我们验证了所提出的结构对局部缺陷的鲁棒性。我们的建议也可以扩展到二维（2D） NHSE和高阶NHSE，我们相信它将成为研究非厄米物理和拓扑光子学中有趣应用的理想平台。

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引用次数: 0

Dielectric behavior of manganese doped aluminum iron oxide and possibility of use in magnetoelectric sensing and dielectric heating devices for medical related research 锰掺杂铝氧化铁的介电行为及其在磁电传感和介电加热器件中应用的可能性

Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Reviews in Physics

Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.revip.2025.100101

M.Z. Ahsan , Tanzina Tabassum

This paper reports on the dielectric properties of undoped and manganese doped aluminum iron oxide. The solid state reaction method was used to synthesis the samples. The dieletic function was measured over the frequency band 1kHz–10 MHz at room temperature. The real part of dielectric function shows the material in ferrimagnetic/ferromagnetic order. The negative value of imaginary part of dielectric function near Fabry–Perot resonance is found to be correlated with the magnetoelectric coupling. This magnetoelectric couping effect produces a transformation between magnetic energy and electric energy. The dispersion of imaginary part of electric modulus shows two relaxation time constant for undoped aluminum iron oxide and one relaxation time constant for manganese doped aluminum iron oxide. This effect of managanese doping and transformation of electric and magnetic energy near the Fabry–Perot resonance in aluminum iron oxide may be proclaimed as the novelty of this study.

本文报道了未掺杂和掺杂锰的铝氧化铁的介电性能。采用固相反应法合成了样品。在室温下，在1khz - 10mhz频段测量介电函数。介电函数的实部表示材料按铁磁/铁磁顺序排列。在法布里-珀罗共振附近发现介电函数虚部的负值与磁电耦合有关。这种磁电耦合效应产生了磁能和电能之间的转换。电模虚部色散表现为未掺杂的铝氧化铁有两个松弛时间常数，掺杂锰的铝氧化铁有一个松弛时间常数。这种锰的掺杂和铝氧化铁中法布里-珀罗共振附近的电磁能转化的影响可以说是本研究的新颖之处。

引用次数: 0

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