Reviews in Physics最新文献

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From theory to practice: Floquet-Magnus and Fer expansions in triple oscillating field NMR 从理论到实践：三重振荡场核磁共振中的Floquet-Magnus和Fer展开

Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Reviews in Physics

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.revip.2025.100109

Eugene Stephane Mananga

The Floquet-Magnus expansion (FME) and Fer expansion (FE) schemes were introduced in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in 2011 and 2006, respectively. Key features of the Floquet-Magnus expansion are its ability to account for the calculations developed in a finite-dimensional Hilbert space instead of an infinite-dimensional space within the Floquet theory as well as its use of its distinguishable function,

Λ_{n} (t), n = 1, 2, 3, \dots

, not available in other concurrent theories such as average Hamiltonian theory, Floquet theory, and Fer expansion. The distinguishable function facilitates the evaluation of the spin behavior in between the stroboscopic observation points. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of both the FME and FE methods and integrates them with the Triple Oscillating Field Technique (TOFU) in solid-state NMR. This is a significant and novel contribution as it presents a unified framework for explaining spin dynamics. The use of both FME and FE provides new theoretical insights and extends the applicability of these methods beyond traditional approaches. The application to the TOFU technique, which circumvents the dipolar truncation problem, indicates substantial practical implications for distance measurement in solid-state NMR, a critical aspect of molecular structure determination. We take advantage of the interaction frequencies and the time modulation arising from the TOFU pulse sequence, which allows selective recoupling of specific terms in the Hamiltonian that fulfill determined specific conditions. The work presented unifies and generalizes the results of the FME and FE and delivers illustrations of novel insights that boost previous applications that are based on the classical information. We believe that the revisited approaches in this work and the derived expressions can serve as useful information and numerical tools for time evolution in spin dynamics, time-resolved spectroscopy, quantum control, and quantum dynamics[81,82].

2011年和2006年分别在固体核磁共振（NMR）中引入了Floquet-Magnus展开（FME）和Fer展开（FE）方案。Floquet- magnus展开的主要特点是它能够解释在有限维希尔伯特空间而不是在Floquet理论中的无限维空间中进行的计算，以及它使用的可区分函数Λn(t),n=1,2,3，…，这在其他并行理论中是不可用的，如平均哈密顿理论，Floquet理论和Fer展开。该可区分函数便于频闪观测点间自旋行为的评价。本文对FME和FE方法进行了深入的分析，并将它们与固体核磁共振中的三振场技术（豆腐）相结合。这是一个重要而新颖的贡献，因为它为解释自旋动力学提供了一个统一的框架。FME和FE的使用提供了新的理论见解，并扩展了这些方法超越传统方法的适用性。豆腐技术的应用，规避了偶极截断问题，表明固体核磁共振的距离测量具有重要的实际意义，这是分子结构测定的关键方面。我们利用豆腐脉冲序列产生的相互作用频率和时间调制，它允许在满足确定的特定条件的哈密顿量中选择性地重新耦合特定项。所提出的工作统一并概括了FME和FE的结果，并提供了新的见解的插图，这些见解促进了以前基于经典信息的应用。我们相信在这项工作中重新审视的方法和推导的表达式可以作为自旋动力学、时间分辨光谱、量子控制和量子动力学中时间演化的有用信息和数值工具[81,82]。

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引用次数: 0

Bell’s inequality in relativistic Quantum Field Theory 相对论量子场论中的贝尔不等式

Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Reviews in Physics

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.revip.2025.100121

M.S. Guimaraes , I. Roditi , S.P. Sorella

A concise and self-contained introduction to the Bell inequality in relativistic Quantum Field Theory is presented. Taking the example of a real scalar massive field, the violation of the Bell inequality in the vacuum state and for causal complementary wedges is illustrated.

对相对论量子场论中的贝尔不等式作了简明而完备的介绍。以实标量质量场为例，说明了真空态和因果互补楔的贝尔不等式的违反。

引用次数: 0

Harmonic driving and dynamic transitions in the Landau–Zener–Stückelberg–Majorana interferometry induced by tunneling flux-driven symmetric transmon qubits 隧道磁通驱动对称transmon量子比特诱导landau - zener - st<s:1> ckelberg - majorana干涉测量中的谐波驱动和动态跃迁

Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Reviews in Physics

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.revip.2025.100118

S.L. Dongmo Tedo , O.C. Feulefack , J.E. Danga , S.E. Mkam Tchouobiap , R.M. Keumo Tsiaze , A.J. Fotue , M.N. Hounkonnou , L.C. Fai

In this study, Landau–Zener–Stückelberg–Majorana (LZSM) dynamics of tunneling transmon quantum bits (qubits) and related interference effects (interferometry) in symmetrical Josephson junctions (JJs) are theoretically investigated. Accordingly, the deviation of the driving parameters from the symmetry point and the transmon frequency are introduced, leading to fluctuations of a superconducting gap that limit the computational power of state-of-the-art transmon qubits and micro-processors. Indeed, the theoretical approach is carried withing the framework of the dynamic matrix approach (DMA) and numerical experiment measurements are reported after both single and double passages through a complexity of the transmon qubit polarization energy. Therefore, we derive generalized analytical expressions of LZSM quantum tunneling probabilities (QTP) and energy eigenvalues for multiple passages processes, which allow us to efficiently establish the transmon frequency and determine the driving parameters. Our theoretical results seem relevant for the interpretation of several LZSM interferometry mechanisms in the modulation of superconducting gap through different transmon qubit spectroscopy experiments in which tunable LZSM transitions and quantum interference patterns are demonstrated by the use of universal nonadiabatic control to implement quantum emulations. Additionally, this mapping enables the investigation of JJ effects through the identification of the corresponding modulated topological phases accumulated during the LZSM transitions, which offer new opportunities to coherently manipulate qubit states and address the energy transfer of transmon qubits on the one hand. On the other hand, it suggests possibilities to reduce sensitivity and to suspected sources of imperfection from different superconducting qubit architectures, particularly in the context of materials optimization strategies that dig out nontrivial phenomena possessing powerful quantum interferometer functionality with realistic quantum controls of tunneling transmon qubit states.

在本研究中，从理论上研究了对称Josephson结（JJs）中隧穿transmon量子比特（qubits）的landau - zener - st ckelberg - majorana （LZSM）动力学和相关的干涉效应（干涉测量）。因此，引入了驱动参数与对称点和transmon频率的偏差，导致超导间隙的波动，限制了最先进的transmon量子位和微处理器的计算能力。事实上，理论方法是在动态矩阵方法（DMA）的框架内进行的，并且在单次和双次通过transmon量子比特极化能量的复杂性后，报告了数值实验测量。因此，我们推导了LZSM多通道过程的量子隧穿概率（QTP）和能量特征值的广义解析表达式，使我们能够有效地建立transmon频率和确定驱动参数。我们的理论结果似乎与解释几种LZSM干涉测量机制有关，通过不同的transmon量子比特光谱实验，通过使用通用非绝热控制来实现量子模拟，证明了可调谐的LZSM跃迁和量子干涉模式。此外，这种映射可以通过识别LZSM跃迁过程中积累的相应调制拓扑相位来研究JJ效应，这一方面为相干操纵量子比特状态和解决transmon量子比特的能量转移提供了新的机会。另一方面，它提出了降低灵敏度的可能性，并从不同的超导量子比特体系结构中发现可疑的缺陷来源，特别是在材料优化策略的背景下，挖掘出具有强大量子干涉仪功能的非平凡现象，并具有隧道传输量子比特状态的现实量子控制。

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引用次数: 0

Is a quantum gravity era necessary? 量子引力时代是必要的吗？

Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Reviews in Physics

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.revip.2025.100116

Bogdan Veklych

We present the first published framework of the entirety of cosmological history which is thoroughly classical (without any quantum-gravitational era or singularities) and which passes all the known extensive consistency checks. Some of its possible cosmological implications are discussed, such as its ability to account for the matter-antimatter asymmetry, dark flow, and the Hubble tension, albeit at the cost of further assumptions.

我们提出了第一个完整的宇宙历史框架，它是完全经典的（没有任何量子引力时代或奇点），并通过了所有已知的广泛一致性检查。讨论了一些可能的宇宙学含义，比如它解释物质-反物质不对称、暗流和哈勃张力的能力，尽管这是以进一步假设为代价的。

引用次数: 0

Topological photonics: Frontiers in robust light manipulation 拓扑光子学：鲁棒光操纵的前沿

Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Reviews in Physics

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.revip.2025.100119

Yongliang Zhang , Wei E.I. Sha , Igor Tsukerman

引用次数: 0

Dielectric behavior of manganese doped aluminum iron oxide and possibility of use in magnetoelectric sensing and dielectric heating devices for medical related research 锰掺杂铝氧化铁的介电行为及其在磁电传感和介电加热器件中应用的可能性

Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Reviews in Physics

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.revip.2025.100101

M.Z. Ahsan , Tanzina Tabassum

This paper reports on the dielectric properties of undoped and manganese doped aluminum iron oxide. The solid state reaction method was used to synthesis the samples. The dieletic function was measured over the frequency band 1kHz–10 MHz at room temperature. The real part of dielectric function shows the material in ferrimagnetic/ferromagnetic order. The negative value of imaginary part of dielectric function near Fabry–Perot resonance is found to be correlated with the magnetoelectric coupling. This magnetoelectric couping effect produces a transformation between magnetic energy and electric energy. The dispersion of imaginary part of electric modulus shows two relaxation time constant for undoped aluminum iron oxide and one relaxation time constant for manganese doped aluminum iron oxide. This effect of managanese doping and transformation of electric and magnetic energy near the Fabry–Perot resonance in aluminum iron oxide may be proclaimed as the novelty of this study.

本文报道了未掺杂和掺杂锰的铝氧化铁的介电性能。采用固相反应法合成了样品。在室温下，在1khz - 10mhz频段测量介电函数。介电函数的实部表示材料按铁磁/铁磁顺序排列。在法布里-珀罗共振附近发现介电函数虚部的负值与磁电耦合有关。这种磁电耦合效应产生了磁能和电能之间的转换。电模虚部色散表现为未掺杂的铝氧化铁有两个松弛时间常数，掺杂锰的铝氧化铁有一个松弛时间常数。这种锰的掺杂和铝氧化铁中法布里-珀罗共振附近的电磁能转化的影响可以说是本研究的新颖之处。

引用次数: 0

Topological defects and higher Chern number two-band structures on checkerboard lattice 棋盘格上的拓扑缺陷与高陈氏数双带结构

Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Reviews in Physics

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.revip.2025.100113

Zhi-Wen Chang , Wei-Chang Hao , Xin Liu

In this paper, we focus on studying the meron defects on checkerboard lattice based on two-band structures. Merons are two-dimensional point defects, whose topological charges give the evaluations of the Chern numbers of the two bands. We first reproduce the results of a previous model from the defect perspective. Then, the model is extended to attain the higher Chern number systems. We show that the model can achieve

C = \pm 3

structures through analyzing the charges of the merons. The energy spectrum also reveals that three gap-closed states appear on the edges.

本文主要研究基于双带结构的棋盘格上的介子缺陷。介子是二维点缺陷，其拓扑电荷给出了两个能带的陈恩数的估计。我们首先从缺陷的角度再现先前模型的结果。然后，将模型推广到更高的陈氏数系统。通过对介子电荷的分析表明，该模型可以达到C=±3的结构。能谱还显示，在边缘处出现了三个闭隙态。

引用次数: 0

Topological trivial and nontrivial properties in electromagnetic metamaterials 电磁超材料的拓扑平凡与非平凡性质

Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Reviews in Physics

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.revip.2025.100104

Wenjun Cai , Zidong Zhang , Weichang Hao

The review explores topologically trivial and nontrivial properties in electromagnetic metamaterials, focusing on their design principles and applications. Electromagnetic metamaterials, known for their ability to manipulate electromagnetic waves through artificial structures, have significantly advanced due to topological concepts. Topologically trivial metamaterials rely on traditional unit structures like resonators, employing geometric patterns to achieve desired wave control, such as absorption and polarization. In contrast, topologically nontrivial metamaterials utilize periodic arrangement and unique unit cells, leading to robust edge states and waveguiding properties protected against defects. Recent developments, including Möbius strip-inspired designs, demonstrate how these topological effects enhance electromagnetic functionality. The review emphasizes that the fusion of topology with metamaterials opens avenues for advanced applications in optics, communications, and quantum computing unlock new functionalities in various technological fields.

本文探讨了电磁超材料的拓扑平凡和非平凡性质，重点介绍了它们的设计原理和应用。电磁超材料以其通过人工结构操纵电磁波的能力而闻名，由于拓扑学概念而取得了重大进展。拓扑平凡的超材料依赖于传统的单元结构，如谐振器，采用几何图案来实现所需的波控制，如吸收和极化。相比之下，拓扑非平凡的超材料利用周期性排列和独特的单元胞，导致鲁棒的边缘状态和波导特性，防止缺陷。最近的发展，包括Möbius条形设计，展示了这些拓扑效应如何增强电磁功能。该综述强调，拓扑与超材料的融合为光学、通信和量子计算的先进应用开辟了道路，并在各个技术领域解锁了新功能。

引用次数: 0

Van der Waals metasurfaces molding topological polaritons 范德华超表面成型拓扑极化

Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Reviews in Physics

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.revip.2025.100115

Seokwoo Kim , Yeongtae Jang , Doohyuk Han , Jihae Lee , Junsuk Rho

Polaritons, formed through the strong coupling of photons with excitations such as phonons or excitons, offer powerful tools for manipulating light at subwavelength scales. Van der Waals materials, like hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and other transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), present unique opportunities for controlling polaritonic modes due to their atomically thin structures and tunable optical properties. Specifically, hyperbolic polaritons in hBN enable extreme light confinement and canalization in the mid-infrared spectral range, while exciton-polaritons in TMDs exhibit strong nonlinear responses in the visible and near-infrared domains. Integrating van der Waals materials with metasurface—a tailored array of subwavelength scatterers—enables the creation of topologically protected polaritonic states, allowing unidirectional, scattering-resistant propagation. This review provides a brief review of the rapidly advancing field of topological polaritonics in van der Waals metasurfaces, covering not only topological polaritonic insulators but also hyperbolic polaritons exhibiting topological transition in their dispersion contour.

极化子是由光子与声子或激子等激发的强耦合形成的，它为在亚波长尺度上操纵光提供了强大的工具。范德华材料，如六方氮化硼（hBN）和其他过渡金属二硫族化合物（TMDs），由于其原子薄结构和可调谐的光学性质，为控制极化模式提供了独特的机会。具体来说，hBN中的双曲极化子在中红外光谱范围内实现了极端的光约束和通道化，而tmd中的激子极化子在可见光和近红外光谱范围内表现出强烈的非线性响应。将范德华材料与超表面（一种定制的亚波长散射体阵列）相结合，可以创建受拓扑保护的极化态，从而实现单向、抗散射的传播。本文综述了范德华超表面中拓扑极化电子学的快速发展，不仅包括拓扑极化绝缘体，还包括在其色散轮廓中表现出拓扑跃迁的双曲极化。

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引用次数: 0

Second-order nonlocal shifts of scattered wave-packets: What can be measured by Goos–Hänchen and Imbert–Fedorov effects? 散射波包的二阶非局部位移：Goos-Hänchen 和 Imbert-Fedorov 效应能测量什么？

Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Reviews in Physics

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.revip.2024.100097

Klaus Morawetz

The scattering of wavepackets with arbitrary energy dispersion on surfaces has been analyzed. Expanding up to second order in scattering shifts, it is found that besides the known Goos–Hänchen or Imbert–Fedorov spatial offset, as well as the Wigner delay time, new momentum and frequency shifts appear. Furthermore, the width of the scattered wave packet becomes modified as well, which can lead to a shrinking of pulses by multiple scattering. For a model of dielectric material characterized by a longitudinal and transverse dielectric function the shifts are calculated analytically. From the Goos–Hänchen and Imbert–Fedorov shifts one can access the longitudinal and transversal dielectric function. Perfectly aligned crystal symmetry axes with respect to scattering beam shows no Imbert–Fedorov effect. It is found that the Goos–Hänchen and Imbert–Fedorov effect are absent for homogeneous materials. Oppositely it is found that the Wigner delay time and the shrinking of the temporal pulse width allows to access the dielectric function independent on the beam geometry.

我们分析了具有任意能量散布的波包在表面上的散射。将散射位移扩展到二阶后发现，除了已知的戈斯-海恩琴（Goos-Hänchen）或英贝特-费多罗夫（Imbert-Fedorov）空间偏移以及维格纳延迟时间外，还出现了新的动量和频率偏移。此外，散射波包的宽度也会发生变化，从而导致脉冲因多次散射而缩小。对于以纵向和横向介电函数为特征的介电材料模型，这些位移是通过分析计算得出的。从 Goos-Hänchen 和 Imbert-Fedorov 移位可以得到纵向和横向介电函数。相对于散射光束完全对齐的晶体对称轴不会产生 Imbert-Fedorov 效应。研究发现，均质材料不存在 Goos-Hänchen 和 Imbert-Fedorov 效应。相反，维格纳延迟时间和时间脉冲宽度的缩小可以获得与光束几何形状无关的介电函数。

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