Pub Date : 2014-09-01DOI: 10.1179/1473297114Z.0000000009
Vincent Bernard, Loïc Langouët
Abstract Between the fifth and the seventh century AD, Brittany was colonized and evangelized by Celtic populations from Wales and Ireland. Saint Efflam, who was the son of an Irish king, was according to oral tradition one of them. The value of this character is to deliver, through his Vita which was probably transcribed during the eighth century, incredibly accurate descriptions of a set of stone fishweirs at the foot of the ancient city of Yaudet (Coz Yoded) owned by a local lord. This area has already revealed a rich Iron Age, Roman and medieval heritage (). As a consequence, an archaeological survey started in 2011 in the mouth of the small river of Lannion (northern coast of Brittany), where 11 stone fishweirs are still visible. Four classical ‘V-shape’ superimposed structures were selected to determine the first chronological frame of these settlements. Among them, one of the oldest was particularly well preserved: a stone phase is supported by a level of wattle panels and ferns, dated by radiocarbon to 1430±30 BP: 580–660 cal AD. This structure has some similarities both in its shape and in its period of use with that described in the Life of Saint Efflam. But, it is undoubtedly the discovery of an earlier phase under the wall, made entirely of wood and dated from AD 615, which holds more in store for us.
{"title":"Early Middle Ages Fishweirs, Dendrochronology and Wood Supply in Western France: The Case of the Léguer Estuary, Servel-Lannion, Northern Brittany, France","authors":"Vincent Bernard, Loïc Langouët","doi":"10.1179/1473297114Z.0000000009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/1473297114Z.0000000009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Between the fifth and the seventh century AD, Brittany was colonized and evangelized by Celtic populations from Wales and Ireland. Saint Efflam, who was the son of an Irish king, was according to oral tradition one of them. The value of this character is to deliver, through his Vita which was probably transcribed during the eighth century, incredibly accurate descriptions of a set of stone fishweirs at the foot of the ancient city of Yaudet (Coz Yoded) owned by a local lord. This area has already revealed a rich Iron Age, Roman and medieval heritage (). As a consequence, an archaeological survey started in 2011 in the mouth of the small river of Lannion (northern coast of Brittany), where 11 stone fishweirs are still visible. Four classical ‘V-shape’ superimposed structures were selected to determine the first chronological frame of these settlements. Among them, one of the oldest was particularly well preserved: a stone phase is supported by a level of wattle panels and ferns, dated by radiocarbon to 1430±30 BP: 580–660 cal AD. This structure has some similarities both in its shape and in its period of use with that described in the Life of Saint Efflam. But, it is undoubtedly the discovery of an earlier phase under the wall, made entirely of wood and dated from AD 615, which holds more in store for us.","PeriodicalId":37928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetland Archaeology","volume":"14 1","pages":"34 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/1473297114Z.0000000009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65749952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-01DOI: 10.1179/1473297114Z.00000000011
C. Stringer, J. Kirby, D. Wilkinson
Abstract Sandford Mire in western England provides a case study of how peat core based evidence and historical records can be combined to investigate the post-medieval history of a landscape. Data on pollen, testate amoebae and various aspects of peat sedimentology are combined with historical maps and written sources to elucidate the environmental history of the site. The peat core data allows additional detail to be added to the history described in the archival sources. In particular, these records identify what appears to be significant soil erosion. We suggest this may be associated with enclosure ploughing which is not described in local historical documents and adds significantly to the eighteenth-century agricultural history of the area. In addition the peat core evidence adds other details to the known historical record – such as the probable use of barley as a crop, the scrub growing on the mire surface during the eighteenth and early nineteenth century and inferred increases in twentieth-century grazing; as well as mire surface fires possibly associated with the opening of the nearby railway line in the mid-nineteenth century. The proxy data from our core also helps confirm some details recorded in the text sources, such as drainage and a drier mire surface in the second half of the twentieth century and helps identify the role of changes in grazing pressure on the bogs vegetation – which has the potential to inform future conservation management.
{"title":"Combining Palaeoecological and Historical Approaches to Investigating Post-Medieval Land Use Change at Sandford Mire, Cumbria, North West England, UK","authors":"C. Stringer, J. Kirby, D. Wilkinson","doi":"10.1179/1473297114Z.00000000011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/1473297114Z.00000000011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sandford Mire in western England provides a case study of how peat core based evidence and historical records can be combined to investigate the post-medieval history of a landscape. Data on pollen, testate amoebae and various aspects of peat sedimentology are combined with historical maps and written sources to elucidate the environmental history of the site. The peat core data allows additional detail to be added to the history described in the archival sources. In particular, these records identify what appears to be significant soil erosion. We suggest this may be associated with enclosure ploughing which is not described in local historical documents and adds significantly to the eighteenth-century agricultural history of the area. In addition the peat core evidence adds other details to the known historical record – such as the probable use of barley as a crop, the scrub growing on the mire surface during the eighteenth and early nineteenth century and inferred increases in twentieth-century grazing; as well as mire surface fires possibly associated with the opening of the nearby railway line in the mid-nineteenth century. The proxy data from our core also helps confirm some details recorded in the text sources, such as drainage and a drier mire surface in the second half of the twentieth century and helps identify the role of changes in grazing pressure on the bogs vegetation – which has the potential to inform future conservation management.","PeriodicalId":37928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetland Archaeology","volume":"14 1","pages":"74 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/1473297114Z.00000000011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65749229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-01DOI: 10.1179/1473297114Z.00000000013
A. Daly, A. O’Sullivan, Rob Sands
Over the last couple of decades, survey of the estuaries of Irish rivers, particularly around the Shannon and Fergus estuaries in Co. Clare, has produced a wealth of inter-tidal remains of structures that attest to the exploitation of resources in this marginal zone, through time (O’Sullivan, 2001; 2003). More recent discoveries in the Fergus estuary, funded by the Irish Heritage Council, have led to a series of research projects, investigating these remains to an increasing level of detail (Dillon and O’Sullivan, 2008; O’Sullivan and Dillon, 2009; O’Sullivan, et al. 2010; Sands, et al. 2012). A two-year project entitled ‘Chronology, Culture and Archaeology’, was funded through the Marie Curie Actions – Intra-European Fellowships for Career Development (IEF). It was concerned with establishing the fine-tuned chronology of the fishing structures at a specific site on the Fergus estuary – at Boarland Rock, using tree-ring studies. The very young trees that had been used to build a series of medieval fishweirs at Boarland Rock present a considerable chronological challenge. While the technique of dendrochronology provides precise calendar dates for timber it is dependent on the discovery of objects or structures made from long-lived trees, to ensure reliable results. When a structure is only made from short-lived trees the creation of an absolute chronology is impossible. However, this does not necessarily mean that the data locked within those tree rings is of no use. It remains possible that a relative chronology can be constructed and the pattern of repair and rebuilding of the fishweirs can be revealed, leading to a better understanding of their duration and change. As part of the research, select international colleagues, all of whose research combines study of wetland archaeology and tree-ring analysis, were invited as advisors, during the project. These were Vincent Bernard, Andre Billamboz, Anne Crone, and Nigel Nayling. In September 2012 this group gathered in Dublin, to hear the results of the Marie Curie and Fergus Estuary Projects, to see the sites on the Fergus estuary, to lend their esteemed advice and to present the current state of research in tree-ring study of wetland archaeological sites. While Nayling’s study of the inter-tidal structures at Magor Pill is fully published (Nayling, 1996; 1999) journal of wetland archaeology, Vol. 14, September 2014, 1–5
在过去的几十年里，对爱尔兰河流河口的调查，特别是在克莱尔郡的香农河口和费格斯河口附近，发现了大量的潮间带遗迹，这些遗迹证明了这一边缘地带的资源被长期开发利用(O 'Sullivan, 2001;2003)。最近在费格斯河口的发现，由爱尔兰遗产委员会资助，导致了一系列的研究项目，对这些遗骸进行了越来越详细的调查(Dillon和O 'Sullivan, 2008;O 'Sullivan and Dillon, 2009;O 'Sullivan, et al. 2010;Sands等人，2012)。一个名为“年代学、文化和考古学”的为期两年的项目由居里夫人行动-欧洲内部职业发展奖学金(IEF)资助。它的目的是利用树木年轮研究，在弗格斯河口的一个特定地点- - Boarland Rock - -建立精细调整的捕鱼结构年表。这些非常年轻的树木曾被用来在Boarland Rock建造一系列中世纪的鱼塘，这对时间构成了相当大的挑战。虽然树木年代学技术为木材提供了精确的日历日期，但它依赖于发现由长寿树木制成的物体或结构，以确保可靠的结果。当一个结构只由寿命较短的树木构成时，创造一个绝对的年表是不可能的。然而，这并不一定意味着锁定在这些树木年轮中的数据毫无用处。仍然有可能构建一个相对的年表，揭示鱼塘修复和重建的模式，从而更好地了解它们的持续时间和变化。作为研究的一部分，项目期间邀请了一些国际同事作为顾问，他们的研究都结合了湿地考古学和树木年轮分析的研究。他们是文森特·伯纳德、安德烈·比兰博兹、安妮·克罗恩和奈杰尔·奈林。2012年9月，这个小组聚集在都柏林，听取了居里夫人和费格斯河口项目的结果，参观了费格斯河口的遗址，提出了他们尊敬的建议，并介绍了湿地考古遗址树木年轮研究的现状。虽然Nayling对Magor Pill潮间带结构的研究已经完全发表(Nayling, 1996;1999)湿地考古学报，第14卷，2014年9月，1-5
{"title":"Chronology, Culture and Archaeology: Precision Chronology of Wetland Structures Using Tree-Ring Studies","authors":"A. Daly, A. O’Sullivan, Rob Sands","doi":"10.1179/1473297114Z.00000000013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/1473297114Z.00000000013","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last couple of decades, survey of the estuaries of Irish rivers, particularly around the Shannon and Fergus estuaries in Co. Clare, has produced a wealth of inter-tidal remains of structures that attest to the exploitation of resources in this marginal zone, through time (O’Sullivan, 2001; 2003). More recent discoveries in the Fergus estuary, funded by the Irish Heritage Council, have led to a series of research projects, investigating these remains to an increasing level of detail (Dillon and O’Sullivan, 2008; O’Sullivan and Dillon, 2009; O’Sullivan, et al. 2010; Sands, et al. 2012). A two-year project entitled ‘Chronology, Culture and Archaeology’, was funded through the Marie Curie Actions – Intra-European Fellowships for Career Development (IEF). It was concerned with establishing the fine-tuned chronology of the fishing structures at a specific site on the Fergus estuary – at Boarland Rock, using tree-ring studies. The very young trees that had been used to build a series of medieval fishweirs at Boarland Rock present a considerable chronological challenge. While the technique of dendrochronology provides precise calendar dates for timber it is dependent on the discovery of objects or structures made from long-lived trees, to ensure reliable results. When a structure is only made from short-lived trees the creation of an absolute chronology is impossible. However, this does not necessarily mean that the data locked within those tree rings is of no use. It remains possible that a relative chronology can be constructed and the pattern of repair and rebuilding of the fishweirs can be revealed, leading to a better understanding of their duration and change. As part of the research, select international colleagues, all of whose research combines study of wetland archaeology and tree-ring analysis, were invited as advisors, during the project. These were Vincent Bernard, Andre Billamboz, Anne Crone, and Nigel Nayling. In September 2012 this group gathered in Dublin, to hear the results of the Marie Curie and Fergus Estuary Projects, to see the sites on the Fergus estuary, to lend their esteemed advice and to present the current state of research in tree-ring study of wetland archaeological sites. While Nayling’s study of the inter-tidal structures at Magor Pill is fully published (Nayling, 1996; 1999) journal of wetland archaeology, Vol. 14, September 2014, 1–5","PeriodicalId":37928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetland Archaeology","volume":"14 1","pages":"1 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/1473297114Z.00000000013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65749376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-01DOI: 10.1179/1473297113Z.0000000002
F. Antolín, A. Blanco, R. Buxó, L. Caruso, S. Jacomet, Oriol López, Ricard Marlasca, A. Palomo, R. Piqué, M. Saña, X. Terradas
Abstract This paper presents the multi-disciplinary sampling strategy that has been applied at the archaeological site of La Draga during the last three fieldwork campaigns (2010–2012). A preliminary evaluation of the results is presented in order to discuss the efficiency of the strategy in answering the outlined scientific questions. The strategies applied for faunal remains (one hundred per cent recovery), wood remains (selective sampling) and charcoal remains (random sampling of twenty-five fragments per square) proved to be successful. The anticipated levels for ichthyofauna, entomofauna and non-ligneous plant macroremains were not attained using this sampling strategy. Some explanations for this are proposed (e.g. high degree of erosion of the archaeological layer). Further guidelines for future work are established. This strategy could be applied to other Mediterranean wetland sites.
{"title":"The Application of Systematic Sampling Strategies for Bioarchaeological Studies in the Early Neolithic Lakeshore Site of La Draga (Banyoles, Spain)","authors":"F. Antolín, A. Blanco, R. Buxó, L. Caruso, S. Jacomet, Oriol López, Ricard Marlasca, A. Palomo, R. Piqué, M. Saña, X. Terradas","doi":"10.1179/1473297113Z.0000000002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/1473297113Z.0000000002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents the multi-disciplinary sampling strategy that has been applied at the archaeological site of La Draga during the last three fieldwork campaigns (2010–2012). A preliminary evaluation of the results is presented in order to discuss the efficiency of the strategy in answering the outlined scientific questions. The strategies applied for faunal remains (one hundred per cent recovery), wood remains (selective sampling) and charcoal remains (random sampling of twenty-five fragments per square) proved to be successful. The anticipated levels for ichthyofauna, entomofauna and non-ligneous plant macroremains were not attained using this sampling strategy. Some explanations for this are proposed (e.g. high degree of erosion of the archaeological layer). Further guidelines for future work are established. This strategy could be applied to other Mediterranean wetland sites.","PeriodicalId":37928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetland Archaeology","volume":"13 1","pages":"29 - 49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/1473297113Z.0000000002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65748891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-01DOI: 10.1179/1473297113Z.0000000001
Richard Ciolek-Torello, J. Homburg, S. Reddy, J. Douglass, Donn R. Grenda
Abstract Over twenty years of archaeological research in the Ballona wetlands, California, USA, has provided the opportunity to reconstruct how settlement responded to landscape change in this dynamic environment over the last 8000 years. Analyses of stratigraphy, radiocarbon dates, and paleoecological indicators (foraminifera, ostracods, molluscs, diatoms, silicoflagellates, and pollen) from core samples indicate that sea level rise caused the Ballona to shift from a bay at the mouth of the Los Angeles River to a lagoon by about 7500 cal BP. As the lagoon gradually filled with sediment, the landscape also changed, providing abundant resources for human exploitation from the middle Holocene to the early historic period. The archaeological record reveals that human settlement responded also to long-term climatic fluctuations and changes in the course of the Los Angeles River. Settlement was most widespread between 4000 and 1500 cal BP, when the wetlands were most productive. The inhabitants of the Ballona chose to abandon most of the area between 800 and 400 cal BP, when climatic conditions deteriorated rather than to intensify exploitation of nearby pelagic resources as some neighbouring populations did. People returned to the Ballona after 400 cal BP, when climatic conditions ameliorated, but with a markedly different settlement structure than before.
在美国加利福尼亚州的巴罗纳湿地进行了20多年的考古研究，为重建过去8000年来人类住区如何响应动态环境中的景观变化提供了机会。对岩心样品的地层学、放射性碳测年和古生态指标(有孔虫、介形虫、软体动物、硅藻、硅鞭毛虫和花粉)的分析表明，海平面上升导致Ballona从洛杉矶河口的一个海湾转变为一个泻湖，时间约为7500 cal BP。随着泻湖逐渐被沉积物填满，景观也发生了变化，从全新世中期到历史早期为人类提供了丰富的开发资源。考古记录显示，人类住区也对洛杉矶河河道的长期气候波动和变化作出了反应。在4000 ~ 1500 cal BP之间人类定居最广泛，此时湿地最肥沃。在公元前800年至400年间，当气候条件恶化时，巴罗纳的居民选择放弃大部分地区，而不是像一些邻近人口那样加强对附近远洋资源的开采。400 cal BP之后，当气候条件有所改善时，人们回到了Ballona，但定居点结构与以前明显不同。
{"title":"Living in the Ballona Wetlands of the Southern California Coast: Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction and Human Settlement","authors":"Richard Ciolek-Torello, J. Homburg, S. Reddy, J. Douglass, Donn R. Grenda","doi":"10.1179/1473297113Z.0000000001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/1473297113Z.0000000001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Over twenty years of archaeological research in the Ballona wetlands, California, USA, has provided the opportunity to reconstruct how settlement responded to landscape change in this dynamic environment over the last 8000 years. Analyses of stratigraphy, radiocarbon dates, and paleoecological indicators (foraminifera, ostracods, molluscs, diatoms, silicoflagellates, and pollen) from core samples indicate that sea level rise caused the Ballona to shift from a bay at the mouth of the Los Angeles River to a lagoon by about 7500 cal BP. As the lagoon gradually filled with sediment, the landscape also changed, providing abundant resources for human exploitation from the middle Holocene to the early historic period. The archaeological record reveals that human settlement responded also to long-term climatic fluctuations and changes in the course of the Los Angeles River. Settlement was most widespread between 4000 and 1500 cal BP, when the wetlands were most productive. The inhabitants of the Ballona chose to abandon most of the area between 800 and 400 cal BP, when climatic conditions deteriorated rather than to intensify exploitation of nearby pelagic resources as some neighbouring populations did. People returned to the Ballona after 400 cal BP, when climatic conditions ameliorated, but with a markedly different settlement structure than before.","PeriodicalId":37928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetland Archaeology","volume":"13 1","pages":"1 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/1473297113Z.0000000001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65747867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-01DOI: 10.1179/1473297113Z.0000000004
Benjamin Jennings, Philipp Wiemann
Abstract The biographical approach has become a well-recognized and adopted method to theorize the establishment and development of settlements in accord with their human occupation. Recent proposals for such a biographical model for the lake-dwellings of the northern Alpine region have been largely based upon theoretical and hypothetical considerations. Lake-dwelling sites in the Alpine region generally have excellent levels of organic preservation, particularly for artefacts and building foundations, but with poor representation of building superstructures. They do however have high potential for archaeology micromorphological soil analysis, with sediment deposits providing indications of both human activity and environmental conditions within the settlement. Using specific examples from Switzerland, this paper intends to highlight some of the contributions that micromorphology can provide to the consideration of settlement biographies.
{"title":"Theorizing the Biographies of Wetland Settlement Utilizing Insights from Micromorphological Analysis","authors":"Benjamin Jennings, Philipp Wiemann","doi":"10.1179/1473297113Z.0000000004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/1473297113Z.0000000004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The biographical approach has become a well-recognized and adopted method to theorize the establishment and development of settlements in accord with their human occupation. Recent proposals for such a biographical model for the lake-dwellings of the northern Alpine region have been largely based upon theoretical and hypothetical considerations. Lake-dwelling sites in the Alpine region generally have excellent levels of organic preservation, particularly for artefacts and building foundations, but with poor representation of building superstructures. They do however have high potential for archaeology micromorphological soil analysis, with sediment deposits providing indications of both human activity and environmental conditions within the settlement. Using specific examples from Switzerland, this paper intends to highlight some of the contributions that micromorphology can provide to the consideration of settlement biographies.","PeriodicalId":37928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetland Archaeology","volume":"13 1","pages":"59 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/1473297113Z.0000000004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65748693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-01DOI: 10.1179/1473297113Z.0000000005
T. Furukawa
Abstract This paper reports on the investigation of Yokoo Site, a Jomon site, by the Oita Municipal Board of Education. Yokoo is located in Oita city on Kyushu Island in the western part of the Japanese archipelago. Japanese archaeologists have recognized Yokoo as a Jomon site with a shell mound since it was discovered at the beginning of the twentieth century. Yokoo is one of Japan’s most important sites for the history of archaeology. Until our investigation, the biggest part of the Yokoo site, which is the area without the shell mound, had been obscured and impossible to excavate. The purpose of the research described here was to investigate the structure and characteristics of Yokoo Site using various geo- and environmental archaeological methods. As a result, it was found that Yokoo Settlement was a relay station for the transportation of Himeshiman obsidian along a sea route during the Initial to Late Jomon period. Himeshima, an obsidian resource, was a mountain during the Jomon period, but due to marine transgression is now an island off the coast of the Kunisaki Peninsula. Himeshiman obsidian was transported across the Seto Islands Sea and the Inland Sea of Japan, which formed during the same period. Himeshiman obsidian is an important archaeological material and was transported across the Seto Islands Sea via a marine route in 7900–7300 cal BP. However, geoarchaeological research shows that on one occasion that transportation was interrupted by a natural disaster, the eruption of Kikai Caldera in 7300 cal BP. The Yokoo site shows not only human adaptation to the ongoing marine transgression but also remarkable evidence of an instantaneous human event during this, the greatest volcanic disaster since the formation of the Japanese Archipelago.
{"title":"Jomon Water Transportation of Obsidian and Volcanic Activity: Excavation and Analyses of the Yokoo Coastal Wetland Site, Japan","authors":"T. Furukawa","doi":"10.1179/1473297113Z.0000000005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/1473297113Z.0000000005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper reports on the investigation of Yokoo Site, a Jomon site, by the Oita Municipal Board of Education. Yokoo is located in Oita city on Kyushu Island in the western part of the Japanese archipelago. Japanese archaeologists have recognized Yokoo as a Jomon site with a shell mound since it was discovered at the beginning of the twentieth century. Yokoo is one of Japan’s most important sites for the history of archaeology. Until our investigation, the biggest part of the Yokoo site, which is the area without the shell mound, had been obscured and impossible to excavate. The purpose of the research described here was to investigate the structure and characteristics of Yokoo Site using various geo- and environmental archaeological methods. As a result, it was found that Yokoo Settlement was a relay station for the transportation of Himeshiman obsidian along a sea route during the Initial to Late Jomon period. Himeshima, an obsidian resource, was a mountain during the Jomon period, but due to marine transgression is now an island off the coast of the Kunisaki Peninsula. Himeshiman obsidian was transported across the Seto Islands Sea and the Inland Sea of Japan, which formed during the same period. Himeshiman obsidian is an important archaeological material and was transported across the Seto Islands Sea via a marine route in 7900–7300 cal BP. However, geoarchaeological research shows that on one occasion that transportation was interrupted by a natural disaster, the eruption of Kikai Caldera in 7300 cal BP. The Yokoo site shows not only human adaptation to the ongoing marine transgression but also remarkable evidence of an instantaneous human event during this, the greatest volcanic disaster since the formation of the Japanese Archipelago.","PeriodicalId":37928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetland Archaeology","volume":"13 1","pages":"71 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/1473297113Z.0000000005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65749394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-01DOI: 10.1179/1473297113Z.0000000003
N. Bleicher
Abstract The presentation and study of lake shore sites such as the Circum-Alpine pile dwellings is still made difficult by the lack of a systematic approach to the concept of ‘in-situ’. Finds and single components of an archaeological layer can have been subject to many processes both during and after the occupation. This paper presents four hierarchical process levels: the human intention, the first deposition, displacement during the settlement’s occupation and displacement after the abandonment. The main idea is that the traditional concept of ‘in-situ’ cannot sufficiently describe the information contained in an object’s position. Rather the archaeological record needs to be explicitly tested for its spatial fidelity in relation to the research question.
{"title":"On the Concept of ‘in-situ’ in Lake Site Settlements","authors":"N. Bleicher","doi":"10.1179/1473297113Z.0000000003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/1473297113Z.0000000003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The presentation and study of lake shore sites such as the Circum-Alpine pile dwellings is still made difficult by the lack of a systematic approach to the concept of ‘in-situ’. Finds and single components of an archaeological layer can have been subject to many processes both during and after the occupation. This paper presents four hierarchical process levels: the human intention, the first deposition, displacement during the settlement’s occupation and displacement after the abandonment. The main idea is that the traditional concept of ‘in-situ’ cannot sufficiently describe the information contained in an object’s position. Rather the archaeological record needs to be explicitly tested for its spatial fidelity in relation to the research question.","PeriodicalId":37928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetland Archaeology","volume":"13 1","pages":"50 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/1473297113Z.0000000003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65749026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-01DOI: 10.1179/jwa.2012.12.1.005
Virgil Yendell
Abstract Small and large scale projects have provided high resolution, site specific palaeoenvironmental evidence that needs integrating and placing into a wider environmental context for floodplain development and changing Early Holocene climate in the Thames valley. This has been attempted with a number of regional models for the Lower Thames Valley. However, these broad models need more site specific landscape studies in order to refine the regional resolution of the models and to accommodate more useful high resolution perspectives of changing landscape, which would have been apparent to past people. Despite this, the assumption that once we have one sequence we know the whole story for an area still persists. Here, lithologically similar sequences, between the Isle of Dogs and Canning Town, are used to show different environments and pressures on landscape change. If viewed independently an apparently similar sequence occurs at all three sites but when placed within the past topographic template it becomes clear that each site occupies a different landscape position with respect to the contemporary river. It is suggested that this is the way forward for the construction of a human-scale picture of the evolving prehistoric floodplain and to better understand the human activity that took place within it.
{"title":"Multi-proxy Palaeo-environmental and Topographic Landscape Reconstruction in East London","authors":"Virgil Yendell","doi":"10.1179/jwa.2012.12.1.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/jwa.2012.12.1.005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Small and large scale projects have provided high resolution, site specific palaeoenvironmental evidence that needs integrating and placing into a wider environmental context for floodplain development and changing Early Holocene climate in the Thames valley. This has been attempted with a number of regional models for the Lower Thames Valley. However, these broad models need more site specific landscape studies in order to refine the regional resolution of the models and to accommodate more useful high resolution perspectives of changing landscape, which would have been apparent to past people. Despite this, the assumption that once we have one sequence we know the whole story for an area still persists. Here, lithologically similar sequences, between the Isle of Dogs and Canning Town, are used to show different environments and pressures on landscape change. If viewed independently an apparently similar sequence occurs at all three sites but when placed within the past topographic template it becomes clear that each site occupies a different landscape position with respect to the contemporary river. It is suggested that this is the way forward for the construction of a human-scale picture of the evolving prehistoric floodplain and to better understand the human activity that took place within it.","PeriodicalId":37928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetland Archaeology","volume":"12 1","pages":"106 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/jwa.2012.12.1.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65609304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-01DOI: 10.1179/jwa.2012.12.1.004
Philipp Wiemann, Marlu Kühn, Annekäthi Heitz-Weniger, B. Stopp, Benjamin Jennings, Philippe Rentzel, F. Menotti
Abstract The Alpenquai lake-dwelling is located on Lake Zurich, and can be considered as one of the rare Late Bronze Age lake-dwellings with a pronounced organic-rich cultural layer in the northern Circum-Alpine region. Within a larger research project, investigating the final abandonment of the lakeshores in the Circum-Alpine area at the end of the Late Bronze Age, this settlement has been investigated using a multidisciplinary research design. Combining micromorphology, archaeobotany, palynology, archaeozoology and material culture studies, the formation of the site is reconstructed, and the reasons for its final abandonment are sought. A highly dynamic lake system that caused a lake water level rise before 900 BC, a regression in the second half of the 9th century BC, and a later transgression, could be detected. The settlement appears to have been established during the lake regression, and abandoned during the transgression, proving a high degree of environmental adaptation by its inhabitants.
{"title":"Zurich-Alpenquai: a multidisciplinary approach to the chronological development of a Late Bronze Age lakeside settlement in the northern Circum-Alpine Region","authors":"Philipp Wiemann, Marlu Kühn, Annekäthi Heitz-Weniger, B. Stopp, Benjamin Jennings, Philippe Rentzel, F. Menotti","doi":"10.1179/jwa.2012.12.1.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/jwa.2012.12.1.004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Alpenquai lake-dwelling is located on Lake Zurich, and can be considered as one of the rare Late Bronze Age lake-dwellings with a pronounced organic-rich cultural layer in the northern Circum-Alpine region. Within a larger research project, investigating the final abandonment of the lakeshores in the Circum-Alpine area at the end of the Late Bronze Age, this settlement has been investigated using a multidisciplinary research design. Combining micromorphology, archaeobotany, palynology, archaeozoology and material culture studies, the formation of the site is reconstructed, and the reasons for its final abandonment are sought. A highly dynamic lake system that caused a lake water level rise before 900 BC, a regression in the second half of the 9th century BC, and a later transgression, could be detected. The settlement appears to have been established during the lake regression, and abandoned during the transgression, proving a high degree of environmental adaptation by its inhabitants.","PeriodicalId":37928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetland Archaeology","volume":"12 1","pages":"58 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/jwa.2012.12.1.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65609260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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