Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics最新文献

Background: Objective methods are needed to assess adolescent fruit and vegetable (F/V) intake to better evaluate interventions aimed at improving F/V intake. Skin carotenoid concentration measures provide a potential objective biomarker of F/V intake, but the plausibility and robustness must be established across adolescent populations.

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy-measured skin carotenoid scores (SCSs) and self-reported F/V intake frequency among US racial and ethnic minority adolescents in Houston, TX.

Design: This is a secondary analysis of data collected on adolescents participating in the randomized, controlled study Teens Committed to Health Through Activity, Relationships, and Good Eating.

Participants and setting: Participants were Hispanic (86.2%), African American (12.6%), and Asian (1.2%) adolescents (age 10 to 17 years) (N = 167) who participated in a year-long healthy lifestyles program as their physical education class in Houston, TX, from August 2018 to 2019.

Main outcome measures: Over the course of a year, participants' SCSs were measured by pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy, and self-reported F/V intake frequency was assessed using questions from the School Physical Activity and Nutrition questionnaire at 4 separate time points.

Statistical analysis: The relationship between adolescent SCSs and F/V intake frequency was tested using generalized linear mixed models, controlling for body mass index z score, sex, time point, group assignment, and age.

Results: SCSs were positively predicted by self-reported intake frequencies for F/V (β = 2.398; P = .028), vegetables (β = 3.870; P =.010), and orange and dark green vegetables (β = 5.274; P = .019), with no significant relationship observed with fruit intake frequency (β = 1.151; P = .613).

Conclusions: Self-reported total F/V (combined), vegetable, and orange and green vegetable (combined) intake frequency is a predictor of SCSs among racial and ethnic minority adolescents in Houston, TX. Skin carotenoid measurement merits further investigation as a biomarker of vegetable intake in US adolescents.

Background: Implications of lifelong, perceived discrimination on nutrient intake during the preconception period are unclear.

Objective: The objective was to identify associations between perceived discrimination and consumption of specific nutrients associated with risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Design: This is a secondary data analysis of the prospective Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-to-Be cohort. Participants completed a Block food frequency questionnaire assessing diet during the 3 months before pregnancy and a Krieger Experiences of Discrimination Scale assessing personal encounters of discrimination.

Participants and setting: Participants were recruited from 8 clinical centers across the United States between 2010 and 2013. Each participant completed the food frequency and Krieger questionnaires and self-identified as belonging to a minoritized racial or ethnic group for this analysis (n = 2457).

Main outcome measures: Main outcomes include reported total energy and macronutrient intake, percent of energy from macronutrients, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, added sugar, sodium, dietary fiber, and Healthy Eating Index-2010 Seafood and Plant Proteins component score.

Statistical analyses performed: Participants were grouped as reporting fewer (< 3) or more (≥ 3) circumstances of discrimination on the Krieger scale. Multivariable regression models examined associations between discrimination group and nutrient intake. Variables with nonnormal distributions were log transformed. Associations were adjusted for total energy intake. Primary outcomes underwent false discovery rate correction.

Results: Those reporting 3 or more circumstances of discrimination had higher reported energy intake (P = .002) and higher reported intake of total fat, saturated fat, unsaturated fats, protein, added sugar, and sodium after false discovery rate correction (all P values < .05) compared with those reporting fewer circumstances. After adjustment for total energy intake, reporting 3 or more circumstances was associated with greater reported intake of saturated fat and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and lower reported intake of dietary fiber (all P values < .05).

Conclusions: Reporting 3 or more circumstances of discrimination was associated with higher reported total energy intake. After adjustment for total energy, reporting 3 or more circumstances of perceived discrimination was associated with less nutritious intake for some (higher saturated fat and lower dietary fiber) but not all (higher eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids) nutrients.