Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics最新文献

Background: Oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders. Carotenoids are a group of liposoluble bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties. Few studies have tested associations between intake of carotenoids from dietary sources and anxiety symptoms.

Objective: To assess associations between intake of common dietary carotenoids-alpha carotene, beta carotene, beta cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein, and zeaxanthin-derived from 2 24-hour recalls and frequency of self-reported anxiety symptoms.

Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted of the US population from the 2007 through 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data.

Participants/setting: Nonpregnant adults aged 20 years and older with complete data on dietary intake, frequency of anxiety symptoms, and covariates were included (n = 11 846).

Main outcome measure: Frequency of anxiety symptoms (feeling worried, tense, or anxious during the past 30 days) occurring for ≥75% of the past 30 days (≥23 days) vs less often.

Statistical analyses performed: Multivariable logistic regression estimated associations between intake of each carotenoid, in quartiles, and frequency of anxiety symptoms. Covariates included age, gender, education, marital status, family income-to-poverty ratio, energy intake, smoking, history of hypertension and diabetes, and intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins B6, C, and E, and magnesium.

Results: Intakes in the highest quartile of alpha carotene (odds ratio [OR] 0.69, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.85), beta carotene (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.85), beta cryptoxanthin (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.71), and lutein/zeaxanthin (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.93) were associated with lower odds of anxiety symptoms for ≥75% of the past month, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. After adjusting for behavioral and dietary variables, only beta cryptoxanthin intake (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.83) was associated with the frequency of anxiety symptoms. Findings were similar using other thresholds for anxiety symptoms (>50% or 100% of past month).

Conclusions: Among US adults from 2007 through 2012, a higher intake of beta cryptoxanthin was associated with less frequent anxiety symptoms.

Background: Parental overvaluation (ie, parental identity based on their child's weight) and parental weight bias internalization (ie, parents' internalization of societal bias toward people living in larger bodies) are both associated with their children's disordered eating. Less is known about the extent to which these constructs overlap and how their combination may relate to pediatric disordered eating.

Objective: This study examined the relationship between parental overvaluation, parental internalized weight bias, and children's disordered eating to test whether parental overvaluation was associated with disordered eating in children beyond the effects of parental internalized weight bias.

Design: Cross-sectional data were collected from parents in the United States recruited online through Mechanical Turk from March 2021 through January 2022.

Participants/setting: Participants included 196 parents (mean age = 38.2 years). Participants were excluded if they were younger than 21 years, lived with their child less than one-half the time, or failed to meet attention and validity checks embedded throughout assessments.

Main outcome measures: Disordered eating in children behaviors (eg, overeating, binge eating, purging, and secretive eating) were evaluated.

Statistical analyses performed: Correlations compared parental overvaluation and internalized weight bias. Hierarchical logistical regressions tested the association of internalized weight bias with disordered eating in children behaviors and then whether parental overvaluation significantly contributed to the variance in disordered eating in children eating behaviors beyond the effect of internalized weight bias.

Results: Across all disordered eating in children behaviors, parental internalized weight bias was significant in the first step of the logistic regression when it was the sole variable (all, P < .005). When both variables were included in models, parental overvaluation, but not weight bias, was significantly associated with all disordered eating in children behaviors (all, P < .001).

Conclusions: The extent to which a parent evaluates their worth as a parent based on their child's weight/shape is more strongly associated with disordered eating behaviors in children than with internalized weight bias. More research is needed to determine whether parent-focused treatment for pediatric eating disorders could benefit from strategies aimed at shifting the valued aspects of parental identity away from child weight/shape.

Background: All-cause mortality risk and dementia occurrence have been previously hypothesized to be linked with food insecurity and poor dietary quality.

Objective: The aims of the study were to test mediation and interactions between food insecurity, diet quality and dementia status in relation to all-cause mortality.

Design: The interplay of food insecurity, diet quality and dementia in their associations with all-cause mortality was studied, in terms of interactions, and mediating effects, using secondary longitudinal data from a sample of older US adults from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS, 2012-2020). Reduced (age, sex, race/ethnicity-adjusted, M1) and fully adjusted (socio-demographic, lifestyle and health-related factor-adjusted, M2) models were tested, and stratification by sex and race/ethnicity was carried out.

Participants/setting: 2,894 US older adults (2012-2014, mean baseline age of 76.4 y) were selected from this national longitudinal sample.

Main outcome measures: The outcome of interest was all-cause mortality risk for follow-up till end of 2020.

Statistical analyses performed: Cox proportional hazards, four-way decomposition and generalized structural equations models (GSEM) were utilized.

Results: Overall, 902 deaths occurred (51 per 1,000 person-years (P-Y). Food insecurity (yes vs. no) was not associated with mortality risk in M1, though inversely related to this outcome in M2, (Cox models and GSEM). Food insecurity was directly related to Ln(dementia odds) in M1 only (β±SE: 0.23±0.05, P<0.001, GSEM). Diet quality as measured by HEI-2015 (z-scored), while inversely related to food insecurity in reduced GSEM (β±SE:-0.18±0.06, P=0.005), was also inversely related to both Ln(dementia odds), z-scored (β±SE:-0.14±0.03, P<0.001) and mortality risk (LnHR±SE:-0.14±0.03, P<0.001, M1). Ln(dementia odds) was strongly associated with mortality risk (HR=1.39, 95% CI: 1.31-1.48, P<0.001, M2). In both four-way decomposition models and GSEM, the total effect of diet quality on mortality risk was partially mediated through Ln(dementia odds) (M1 and M2), explaining 15-21% of this total effect.

Conclusion: Diet quality-mortality risk association was partially mediated through dementia, with inconsistent findings observed for food insecurity.

Background: Historically, dietetics has been strongly gendered. Recent data indicates that 94% of practitioners identify as women. The Academy is committed to enhancing diversity and inclusion.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore cisgender men's experiences in the dietetics profession in the United States.

Design: As part of a larger study, this was a qualitative analysis of 3 open-ended items from a 60-item survey instrument that was delivered electronically. The survey instrument was expert reviewed. In addition, 9 cognitive interviews and a pilot test were conducted.

Participants: The Commission on Dietetic Registration provided the contact information for all registered dietitian nutritionists who self-identified as male (n = 3697) and a subset of those who did not list a gender in the Commission on Dietetic Registration's records (in total, n = 5003). Of those, 100 were invited to pilot the survey and were excluded from the final analysis. The final survey was distributed to the remaining 4903 people on the contact list. Cisgender men responding to at least 1 open-ended item were included in this analysis (n = 1065).

Main outcome measure: To gain a rich understanding of cisgender men's experience in the dietetics profession through analyzing their open-ended survey responses.

Analyses performed: The Coding Reliability Thematic Analysis method was used to analyze open-ended responses. Two researchers coded 150 responses independently and reached a substantial intercoder agreement (Cohen's κ = .80). One researcher coded the full data set; the second checked the coding. Member checking and a data audit were conducted to increase trustworthiness.

Results: With approximately one-third of the entire population of male registered dietitian nutritionists (n = 1065), the following 3 themes were identified: (1) Being a man in dietetics: Unproblematic with some advantages (84.1%); (2) Dietetics is a gendered field (49.8%); and (3) Perceived gender barriers and isolation (48.4%).

Conclusions: As part of the profession's commitment to diversity and inclusion, it is important to explore underrepresented groups' experiences. The majority of men have not found it problematic to be men in the dietetics profession; however, there are challenges associated with it being gendered and there are perceived barriers.