Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics最新文献_第2页

Vegetarian Dietary Patterns for Adults: A Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.

IF 3.5 2区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2025.02.002

Sudha Raj, Nanci S Guest, Matthew J Landry, A Reed Mangels, Roman Pawlak, Mary Rozga

It is the position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics that, in adults, appropriately planned vegetarian and vegan dietary patterns can be nutritionally adequate and can offer long-term health benefits such as improving several health outcomes associated with cardiometabolic diseases. Vegetarian dietary patterns exclude meat, poultry, and seafood, and vegan dietary patterns exclude all foods of animal origin. Registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) and nutrition and dietetics technicians, registered (NDTRs) play a pivotal role in providing meal-planning strategies and evidence-based nutrition information to clients currently following vegetarian or vegan dietary patterns or who may benefit from and express interest in following vegetarian or vegan dietary patterns. RDNs and NDTRs can work with their clients to create tailored, lifestyle-oriented, nutritionally-balanced, and culturally-suitable vegetarian and vegan dietary patterns that optimize health benefits while reducing concerns about nutrient inadequacies. Adults follow vegetarian and vegan dietary patterns for various reasons. The aim of this position paper is to inform health care professionals, including RDNs and NDTRs, about the evidence-based benefits and potential concerns of following vegetarian and vegan dietary patterns for different populations of non-pregnant, non-lactating adults. This position paper is supported by current evidence, including several systematic reviews. As leaders in evidence-based nutrition care, RDNs and NDTRs should aim to support the development and facilitation of vegetarian and vegan dietary patterns and access to nutrient-dense plant-based meals. Promoting a nutrient-balanced vegetarian dietary pattern on both individual and community scales may be an effective tool for preventing and managing many diet-related conditions. This position was approved in January 2025 and will remain in effect until December 31, 2032.

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引用次数: 0

Institutional Determinants of Food Insecurity and Dietary Behaviors Among Post-secondary Students in the United States: A Multilevel Analysis.

IF 3.5 2区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2025.02.001

Sophia L Freije, Alyssa M Lederer, Donald Rose, Tabashir Z Nobari, Alyshia Gálvez, Megan Knapp, M Pia Chaparro

Background: U.S. post-secondary students have disproportionately high rates of food insecurity and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption, and low rates of fruit and vegetable consumption. No large-scale study has investigated institutional factors predictive of these public health challenges.

Objective: To examine whether institutional characteristics are predictive of food insecurity and dietary behaviors, including institutional minority designation, region, size, setting, Carnegie classification, percentage of students living with family, and percentage of first-generation college students.

Design: Data were from the National College Health Assessment-III Fall 2021-Fall 2022 cross-sectional surveys.

Participants/setting: Students (N=129,295) from 204 U.S. colleges and universities.

Main outcome measures: Self-reported food insecurity and consumption of 0 fruits (versus ≥1), 0 vegetables (versus ≥1), and ≥1 SSBs (versus 0) daily.

Statistical analysis performed: Random-intercept Poisson multilevel models, adjusted for individual sociodemographic characteristics and institutional factors.

Results: The prevalence of food insecurity and of consuming 0 fruits, 0 vegetables, and ≥1 SSBs daily was 40%, 16%, 11%, and 67%, respectively. Attending an institution that was predominantly white (versus minority serving), in the U.S. South (versus Northeast/Midwest), with 10 percentage-points fewer students living with family, or 10 percentage-points more first-generation college students was associated with a 13% (95%CI=1.05-1.20), 9% (95%CI=1.02-1.15), 3% (95%CI=1.01-1.06), and 15% (95%CI=1.12-1.19) higher prevalence of food insecurity, respectively. Institutional factors associated with consuming 0 fruits, 0 vegetables, or ≥1 SSBs daily included being located within the U.S. South (Fruits: PR=1.13, 95%CI=1.06-1.20); SSBs: PR=1.03, 95%CI=1.01-1.05), enrolling 10,000-19,999 students (Fruits: PR=1.15, 95%CI=1.04-1.27; Vegetables: PR=1.16, 95%CI=1.02-1.32) or ≥20,000 students (Fruits: PR=1.12, 95%CI=1.01-1.25) versus <5,000 students, or having a higher percentage of first-generation college students (Vegetables: PR=1.07; 95%CI=1.03-1.12; SSBs: PR=1.04, 95%CI=1.02-1.05).

Conclusion: Food insecurity and unhealthy dietary behaviors at U.S. post-secondary institutions is a nation-wide problem. Institutions with identified characteristics associated with these outcomes would benefit from efforts to promote access to healthy, affordable foods.

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引用次数: 0

A Narrative Review of Intermittent Fasting With Exercise 关于间歇性禁食与运动的叙述性综述。

IF 3.5 2区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2024.05.015

Kelsey Gabel PhD, RD , Alyshia Hamm , Ola Czyzewski , Julienne Sanchez Perez MD , Anisa Fought-Boudaia , Robert W. Motl PhD , Paul R. Hibbing PhD

Intermittent fasting is a dietary pattern that encompasses the 5:2 diet, alternate-day fasting, and time-restricted eating. All 3 involve alternating periods of fasting and ad libitum eating. Like other dietary strategies, intermittent fasting typically induces loss of both fat mass and lean mass. Exercise may thus be a useful adjuvant to promote lean mass retention while adding cardiometabolic, cognitive, mental, and emotional health improvements. In this narrative review, we summarize current evidence regarding the combination of intermittent fasting and exercise and its influence on body weight, body composition, cardiometabolic risk, and muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness. A PubMed search was conducted to identify all trials lasting >4 weeks that combined 5:2 diet, alternate-day fasting, or time-restricted eating with any modality exercise and had body weight as an end point. A total of 23 trials (26 publications) were identified. Evidence suggests that combining intermittent fasting with exercise leads to decreased fat mass regardless of weight status. However, evidence is equivocal for the influence on other aspects of weight loss and body composition, fat-free mass, and cardiometabolic risk factors and may be dependent on weight status or exercise doses (ie, frequency, intensity, duration, and modality). Higher-powered trials are needed to determine the efficacy of combining exercise and intermittent fasting for benefits on body weight and cardiometabolic risk. Current evidence suggests that intermittent fasting does not impair adaptation to exercise training, and may improve explosive strength, endurance, and cardiopulmonary measures such as maximal oxygen consumption. In addition, we discuss limitations in the current evidence base and opportunities for continued investigation. Future trials in this area should consider interventions that have increased sample size, longer intervention duration, broadened inclusion criteria, objective measures of diet and exercise adherence, and diversity of sample population.

间歇性断食是一种饮食模式，包括 5:2 饮食法、隔日断食法（ADF）和限时进食法（TRE）。这三种饮食模式都涉及交替禁食和自由进食。与其他饮食策略一样，间歇性禁食通常会导致脂肪量和瘦肉量的减少。因此，运动可能是一种有用的辅助手段，在促进瘦体重保持的同时，还能改善心脏代谢、认知、心理和情绪健康。在这篇叙述性综述中，我们总结了目前有关间歇性禁食与运动相结合及其对体重、身体成分、心脏代谢风险、肌肉和心肺功能影响的证据。我们在 PubMed 上进行了搜索，以确定所有将 5:2、ADF 或 TRE 与任何运动方式相结合并以体重为终点、持续时间超过 4 周的试验。共发现 23 项试验（26 篇论文）。有证据表明，无论体重状况如何，间歇性禁食与运动相结合都能减少脂肪量。然而，对于减轻体重和身体成分、游离脂肪量和心脏代谢风险因素等其他方面的影响，证据并不明确，而且可能取决于体重状况或运动剂量（即频率、强度、持续时间和方式）。要确定运动与间歇性禁食相结合对体重和心脏代谢风险的益处，还需要进行更大规模的试验。目前的证据表明，间歇性禁食不会影响对运动训练的适应，并可提高爆发力、耐力和心肺功能（如最大耗氧量）。此外，我们还讨论了当前证据基础的局限性以及继续研究的机会。未来该领域的试验应考虑采取以下干预措施：1）增加样本量；2）延长干预持续时间；3）扩大纳入标准；4）客观衡量饮食和运动的依从性；5）样本人群的多样性。

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引用次数: 0

Depression and Diet Quality, US Adolescents and Young Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2015-March 2020 美国青少年抑郁与饮食质量：全国健康与营养状况调查，2015 年至 2020 年 3 月。

IF 3.5 2区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2024.08.007

Cynthia L. Ogden PhD, MRP , Nicholas Ansai MPH , Cheryl D. Fryar MSPH , Edwina A. Wambogo PhD, MS, MPH, RD , Debra J. Brody MPH

Background

Depression is a common mental health disorder.

Objective

The objective of this study was to explore the association between diet quality, as measured by the Healthy Eating Index 2020 (HEI-2020), and depression symptoms among US adolescents and young adults aged 12 to 29 years.

Design

The study design was a cross-sectional secondary data analysis.

Participants

Data from the first 24-hour dietary recall for adolescents and young adults aged 12 to 29 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2015 to March 2020 (n = 4750) were analyzed.

Main outcome measure

Depression was defined as a score ≥10 on the Patient Health Questionnaire, reflecting moderate or severe symptoms in the previous 2 weeks.

Statistical analyses performed

HEI-2020 total (range, 0-100) and component scores were calculated for those with and without depression. Predicted HEI-2020 scores were estimated from linear regression models, adjusting for age, gender, race and Hispanic origin, family income, and seeing a mental health professional in the past year. Statistical analyses accounted for the complex sample design.

Results

The prevalence of depression among adolescents and young adults was 7.8% (95% CI 6.3% to 9.5%). Total HEI-2020 score was 45.9 (95% CI 45.0 to 46.7) out of 100 on a given day during 2015 to March 2020. Among young people with depression, total HEI-2020 score was lower than among those without depression (41.7 vs 46.2; P < .001). After adjustment for covariates, the difference was attenuated, but remained significant. In adjusted analyses, HEI-2020 component scores were lower for those with depression compared with those without depression for the adequacy components: total fruits (1.4 vs 1.7; P = .03), whole fruits (1.2 vs 1.7; P < .01), total vegetables (2.1 vs 2.6; P < .01), greens and beans (0.8 vs 1.2; P < .01), and total protein foods (3.6 vs 4.0; P = .02) out of a maximum score of 5. There were no statistically significant differences observed for whole grains, dairy, seafood and plant proteins, fatty acids, saturated fats, refined grains, sodium, or added sugars.

Conclusions

Overall diet quality is low among young people. Diet quality, especially consumption of fruits, vegetables, and protein foods was lower among young people with depression compared with those without depression.

背景：抑郁症是一种常见的精神疾病：抑郁症是一种常见的精神疾病：本研究旨在探讨以健康饮食指数（HEI-2020）衡量的饮食质量与美国 12-29 岁青少年和年轻人抑郁症状之间的关系：研究设计为横断面二次数据分析：主要结果：抑郁症的定义是患者健康问卷得分≥10分，反映出在过去2周内有中度或重度症状：计算患有抑郁症和未患有抑郁症的患者的 HEI-2020 总分（范围 0-100）和组成部分得分。根据线性回归模型估算出 HEI-2020 的预测得分，并对年龄、性别、种族、西班牙裔、家庭收入和过去一年中是否看过心理健康专家进行了调整。统计分析考虑了复杂的样本设计：青少年和年轻人的抑郁症患病率为 7.8%（95% 置信区间为 6.3-9.5%）。在 2015 年至 2020 年 3 月期间的某一天，HEI-2020 总分为 45.9（95% 置信区间为 45.0-46.7）（满分 100 分）。在患有抑郁症的年轻人中，HEI-2020 总分低于未患抑郁症的年轻人（41.7 对 46.2，pConclusion）：年轻人的总体饮食质量较低。与非抑郁症患者相比，抑郁症患者的饮食质量，尤其是水果、蔬菜和蛋白质食物的摄入量较低。

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引用次数: 0

February 2025 People & Events

IF 3.5 2区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2024.12.002

引用次数: 0

Huddleson Award 2025: Call for Nominations

IF 3.5 2区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2024.12.003

引用次数: 0

February 2025 Sites in Review

IF 3.5 2区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2024.12.001

引用次数: 0

President's Response 答复研究生学位要求：不清楚这是否是我们行业发展的必要步骤。

IF 3.5 2区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2024.10.009

Harlivleen (Livleen) Gill MBA, RDN, LDN, FAND

引用次数: 0

An Intermittent Fasting Intervention for Black Adults Can Be Feasibly Implemented in Black Churches: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Pilot Study 针对黑人成年人的间歇性禁食干预可以在黑人教堂中实施：集群随机对照试点研究。

IF 3.5 2区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2024.07.003

Karen H. Kim Yeary PhD , Detric Johnson BA , Narseary Harris BS , Han Yu PhD , Frances G. Saad-Harfouche MSW , Cassy Dauphin BA , Elizabeth DiCarlo MPH , Tessa Flores MD , Song Yao PhD , Krista Varady PhD , Li Tang PhD

<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Intensive lifestyle interventions, including modest reductions in daily caloric intake (ie, continuous calorie energy reduction [CER]), are recommended by US national professional health organizations (eg, American Heart Association). However, they are less effective in Black communities. A burgeoning literature has reported the promise of intermittent fasting (IF) as an alternative strategy for weight loss. However, IF studies have been conducted with White participants predominately and provided participant resources not readily available in real-world situations.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Weight-loss and weight-related outcomes of a scalable (ie, able to be widely disseminated and implemented) IF intervention developed with and for Black adults were compared with a CER intervention for the purpose of determining IF’s feasibility (ie, initial effectiveness, adherence, and acceptance) in a Black community.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A cluster randomized controlled pilot study was conducted.</div></div><div><h3>Participants/setting</h3><div>A total of 42 Black adults with a body mass index (calculated as kg / m<sup>2</sup>) ≥25 were recruited from 5 Black churches (3 IF and 2 CER) in Western New York State from September 2021 to May 2022. Participants were free of medical conditions that might have contraindicated participation in a weight-reduction program and other factors that might affect weight loss.</div></div><div><h3>Interventions</h3><div>Community health workers delivered the 6-month, 16-session, faith-based IF and CER interventions.</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><div>The primary outcome was feasibility, consisting of initial effectiveness on body weight (ie, percent body weight lost from baseline to 6-month follow-up), adherence, and acceptability.</div></div><div><h3>Statistical analyses performed</h3><div>Descriptive statistics and linear mixed models accounting for within-church clustering were used. A baseline covariate corresponding to the outcome variable was included in the model. Intent-to-treat analysis was used.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was statistically significant weight loss within both arms (IF: –3.5 kg; 95% CI –6 to –0.9 kg, CER: –2.9 kg; 95% CI –5.1 to –0.8 kg) from baseline to 6-month follow-up. Compared with CER, IF led to significantly lower daily energy intake (414.2 kcal; 95% CI 55.2 to 773.2 kcal) and fat intake (16.1 g; 95% CI 2.4 to 29.8 g). IF may result in lower fruit and vegetable intake (–103.2 g; 95% CI –200.9 to –5.5 g) and fiber intake –5.4 g; 95% CI –8.7 to –2 g) compared with CER. Participants in the IF arm completed a mean (SE) of 3.8 (1.4) more self-monitoring booklets compared with those in the CER arm (<em>P</em> = .02). Participants reported high levels of satisfaction with the program.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>An IF intervention developed with and for Black adults can be feasibly implemented in Bla

背景：美国国家专业健康组织（如美国心脏协会）建议采取强化生活方式干预措施，包括适度减少每日卡路里摄入量（即持续减少卡路里能量（CER））。然而，这些方法在黑人社区的效果较差。大量文献报道了间歇性禁食（IF）作为减肥替代策略的前景。然而，间歇性禁食研究主要是针对白人参与者进行的，为参与者提供的资源在现实世界中并不容易获得：目的：将一项针对黑人成年人开发的可扩展（能够广泛传播和实施）中频干预措施的减肥效果和体重相关结果与 CER 干预措施进行比较，以确定中频在黑人社区的可行性（初始效果、坚持性和接受度）：设计：进行分组随机对照试验研究：从 2021 年 9 月到 2022 年 5 月，从纽约州西部的 5 个黑人教堂（3 个 IF 教堂，2 个 CER 教堂）共招募了 42 名体重指数≥25 的黑人成年人。参与者不存在可能妨碍参加减重计划的疾病，也不存在可能影响减重的其他因素：干预措施：社区卫生工作者提供为期 6 个月、共 16 节课的基于信仰的 IF 和 CER 干预措施：主要结果是可行性，包括对体重的初步效果（从基线到 6 个月随访期间体重减轻的百分比）、依从性和可接受性：采用了描述性统计和线性混合模型，并考虑了教会内部的聚类。模型中包括与结果变量相对应的基线协变量。采用意向治疗分析：从基线到 6 个月的随访结果显示，两组的体重均有明显下降[IF：-3.5 (-6, -0.9)公斤]；[CER：-2.9 (-5.1, -0.8)公斤]。与 CER 相比，IF 可显著降低每日能量摄入量 [414.2 (55.2, 773.2) 千卡] 和脂肪摄入量 [16.1 (2.4, 29.8) 克]。与 CER 相比，IF 可能会导致水果和蔬菜摄入量[-103.2 (-200.9, -5.5) g]和纤维摄入量[-5.4 (-8.7, -2)]降低。与 CER 组相比，IF 组的参与者多完成了 3.8 (1.4) 本自我监测手册（P=0.02）。参与者对该计划的满意度很高：为黑人成年人开发的 IF 干预方案可以在黑人教堂中实施。需要进行更大规模的研究，以确定在黑人社区，IF在多大程度上可以作为CER干预的可行减肥替代方案。

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引用次数: 0

Socioeconomic Characteristics and the Home Food Environment Are Associated With Feeding Healthful and Discretionary Foods During the First Year of Life in the Pregnancy Eating Attributes Study 妊娠期饮食特征研究》中，社会经济特征和家庭饮食环境与婴儿出生后第一年的健康饮食和随意饮食有关。

IF 3.5 2区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2024.05.011

Tonja R. Nansel PhD , Carolina Schwedhelm PhD , Leah M. Lipsky PhD , Myles S. Faith PhD , Anna Maria Siega-Riz PhD

Background

Feeding of nutrient-poor foods begins in infancy and may adversely influence long-term food preferences.

Objective

To examine associations of socioeconomic characteristics, childbearing parent eating behaviors, and home food environment with infant feeding characteristics.

Design

Secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study from first trimester of pregnancy through 12 months postpartum.

Participants/setting

Participants with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies and no major chronic illness were enrolled from November 2014 through October 2016 from 2 university-based obstetrics clinics in Chapel Hill, NC. Of 458 enrolled, 321 were retained through 12 months postpartum.

Main outcome measures

Participants completed infant food frequency questionnaires indicating age at introduction and frequency of consuming multiple food groups. Exposures included childbearing parent socioeconomic characteristics, hedonic hunger, addictive-like eating, Healthy Eating Index 2015 calculated from three 24-hour diet recalls, and home food environment fruit/vegetable and obesogenic scores.

Statistical analyses performed

Multiple imputation using Heckman selection model; linear and logistic regressions examining associations with infant feeding characteristics.

Results

Lower education and income were associated with later infant age at introduction to, and lower frequency of consuming fruits and vegetables at age 12 months. Socioeconomic characteristics were not associated with age at introduction to discretionary solid foods; however, lower education and income were associated with greater infant frequency of intake of discretionary foods and greater odds of introducing fruit juice and sweetened beverages by age 12 months. Childbearing parent Healthy Eating Index 2015, hedonic hunger, and addictive-like eating were not consistently associated with infant feeding characteristics. A more obesogenic food environment was associated with greater frequency of intake of discretionary foods, lower frequency of intake of fruit, and greater odds of fruit juice introduction by age 12 months.

Conclusions

Infant feeding characteristics may be important intervention targets for addressing socioeconomic disparities in child diet quality. Efforts to reduce routine feeding of discretionary foods across socioeconomic groups are needed; modifying the home food environment may promote healthful infant feeding.

背景：从婴儿期开始喂食营养不良的食物可能会对长期的食物偏好产生不利影响：喂养营养不良的食物始于婴儿期，可能会对婴儿长期的食物偏好产生不利影响：研究社会经济特征、育龄父母饮食行为和家庭饮食环境与婴儿喂养特征之间的关系：设计：对一项前瞻性队列研究（从怀孕头三个月到产后 12 个月）进行二次分析：从 2014 年 11 月到 2016 年 10 月，北卡罗来纳州教堂山市的两所大学产科诊所招募了无并发症单胎妊娠且无重大慢性疾病的参与者。在458名注册者中，有321人保留至产后12个月：参与者填写了婴儿食物频率调查问卷，表明婴儿开始食用多种食物的年龄和频率。暴露因素包括育龄父母的社会经济特征、享乐性饥饿、成瘾性进食、根据三次 24 小时饮食回忆计算的 2015 年健康饮食指数（HEI）以及家庭饮食环境水果/蔬菜和肥胖评分：使用赫克曼选择模型进行多重估算；线性回归和逻辑回归检验与婴儿喂养特征的关联：教育程度和收入较低与婴儿开始接触水果和蔬菜的年龄较晚以及在 12 个月大时食用水果和蔬菜的频率较低有关。社会经济特征与婴儿开始食用可自行选择的固体食物的年龄无关；但是，教育程度和收入越低，婴儿摄入可自行选择的食物的频率越高，12 个月大时开始饮用果汁和甜饮料的几率越大。育龄父母的 HEI、享乐性饥饿和成瘾性进食与婴儿喂养特征的关系并不一致。更易导致肥胖的食物环境与摄入随意性食物的频率更高、摄入水果的频率更低以及到12个月大时引入果汁的几率更大有关：婴儿喂养特征可能是解决儿童饮食质量方面社会经济差异的重要干预目标。需要努力减少不同社会经济群体对随意性食物的常规喂养；改变家庭饮食环境可促进婴儿健康喂养。

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引用次数: 0