Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.87
K. Hajdek, B. Smoljan, B. Šarkanj, W. Sitek
Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is a one of substitutions to fossil-based polymers because they have a less influence on the environment. Material sustainability requirements have increased importance of PLA polymers and others similar biopolymers. PLA polymeris an aliphatic polyester, usually produced by ring-opening polymerization or by polycondensation of lactic acid. For the production of PLA components, melt processing is one of the most commonly used techniques. Today, processing technologies of PLA components include injection moulding, hot pressing, spinning, blow moulding, foam moulding, electrospinning, 3D printing, and so on. PLA polymers have better thermal workability than most bio-based polymers. The analysis of mechanical properties, structure in processes, and an appropriate application of PLA is done in this paper. Also this paper summarizes variations in thermal degradation, recyclability, biodegradation and aging during PLA processing and application. The tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of PLA polymers is similar to those of conventional polyesters. But, because PLA polymers are biodegradable, they can change properties if exposed to uncontrolled temperature and humidity conditions. PLA polymers have lower toughness than those of conventional polyesters. Toughness could be improved by development of PLA composites. PLA is safe for use in the manufacturing of products that are in contact with food. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) recognize PLA as material which can be safely employed as a food packaging material without causing adverse health effects. PLA possesses barrier properties that are just as effective as LDPE and PS. Limited antibacterial properties of PLA can be improved by application of antibacterial agents. Generally high price of PLA polymers limits their application as a packaging material. Biodegradable PLA polymers are suitable for a wide range of industrial, biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, such as material for medical implants, resorbable prostheses, controlled drug release, biodegradable joints and supports for tissue engineering. Development of processing methods is needed for sufficient increase the industrial application of PLA polymers. Suitable methods to minimize the disadvantages of PLA can be blending PLA with other materials, creating micro- and nanocomposites, coating with high-barrier materials, and polymer modification.
{"title":"PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES, PROPERTIES AND APPLICATION OF POLY (LACTIC ACID) (PLA)","authors":"K. Hajdek, B. Smoljan, B. Šarkanj, W. Sitek","doi":"10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.87","url":null,"abstract":"Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is a one of substitutions to fossil-based polymers because they have a less influence on the environment. Material sustainability requirements have increased importance of PLA polymers and others similar biopolymers. PLA polymeris an aliphatic polyester, usually produced by ring-opening polymerization or by polycondensation of lactic acid. For the production of PLA components, melt processing is one of the most commonly used techniques. Today, processing technologies of PLA components include injection moulding, hot pressing, spinning, blow moulding, foam moulding, electrospinning, 3D printing, and so on. PLA polymers have better thermal workability than most bio-based polymers. The analysis of mechanical properties, structure in processes, and an appropriate application of PLA is done in this paper. Also this paper summarizes variations in thermal degradation, recyclability, biodegradation and aging during PLA processing and application. The tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of PLA polymers is similar to those of conventional polyesters. But, because PLA polymers are biodegradable, they can change properties if exposed to uncontrolled temperature and humidity conditions. PLA polymers have lower toughness than those of conventional polyesters. Toughness could be improved by development of PLA composites. PLA is safe for use in the manufacturing of products that are in contact with food. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) recognize PLA as material which can be safely employed as a food packaging material without causing adverse health effects. PLA possesses barrier properties that are just as effective as LDPE and PS. Limited antibacterial properties of PLA can be improved by application of antibacterial agents. Generally high price of PLA polymers limits their application as a packaging material. Biodegradable PLA polymers are suitable for a wide range of industrial, biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, such as material for medical implants, resorbable prostheses, controlled drug release, biodegradable joints and supports for tissue engineering. Development of processing methods is needed for sufficient increase the industrial application of PLA polymers. Suitable methods to minimize the disadvantages of PLA can be blending PLA with other materials, creating micro- and nanocomposites, coating with high-barrier materials, and polymer modification.","PeriodicalId":38009,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Manufacturing Technologies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45281042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.131
F. Memet
Marine refrigeration has to comply with environmental constraints and with efficiency improvement as well. R22 was a refrigerant governing marine refrigeration systems. After 2020, it is legally in use in old systems, relying on recycled supplies, because of its poor environmental properties. In this paper, it is developed a theoretical analysis of a single stage vapour compression system working with R22, on basis of energy and exergy analysis. The thermodynamic analysis consists in the assessment of the influence of evaporator temperature on the performance of the system- by the use of the laws of thermodynamics. The evaporation temperature varies in the range (6.5-9.5) oC, when the ambient temperature is 28oC.The obtained results will show that the Coefficient of Performance will increase together with the evaporator temperature increase, while the specific work consumption and specific total exergy destruction will decrease. For the maximum considered value of the evaporator temperature, COP value increases with 14% in comparison with the value obtained for the minimum evaporator temperature. In addition, the specific work consumed by the compressor will decrease with 5.81%, while for the specific total exergy destruction the decrement is of 2.4%. Seen that for the highest evaporator temperature it is reached the performance improvement, for 9.5oC are also determined the exergy destructions in the main components of the system. It is found that in the compressor, in the evaporator, in the condenser and in the throttling valve, exergy losses are 5%, 36%, 56% and 3%. Exergy analysis reveals that the most inefficient components of the system are the two heat exchangers of the system.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF A VAPOUR COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM WORKING WITH R22","authors":"F. Memet","doi":"10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.131","url":null,"abstract":"Marine refrigeration has to comply with environmental constraints and with efficiency improvement as well. R22 was a refrigerant governing marine refrigeration systems. After 2020, it is legally in use in old systems, relying on recycled supplies, because of its poor environmental properties. In this paper, it is developed a theoretical analysis of a single stage vapour compression system working with R22, on basis of energy and exergy analysis. The thermodynamic analysis consists in the assessment of the influence of evaporator temperature on the performance of the system- by the use of the laws of thermodynamics. The evaporation temperature varies in the range (6.5-9.5) oC, when the ambient temperature is 28oC.The obtained results will show that the Coefficient of Performance will increase together with the evaporator temperature increase, while the specific work consumption and specific total exergy destruction will decrease. For the maximum considered value of the evaporator temperature, COP value increases with 14% in comparison with the value obtained for the minimum evaporator temperature. In addition, the specific work consumed by the compressor will decrease with 5.81%, while for the specific total exergy destruction the decrement is of 2.4%. Seen that for the highest evaporator temperature it is reached the performance improvement, for 9.5oC are also determined the exergy destructions in the main components of the system. It is found that in the compressor, in the evaporator, in the condenser and in the throttling valve, exergy losses are 5%, 36%, 56% and 3%. Exergy analysis reveals that the most inefficient components of the system are the two heat exchangers of the system.","PeriodicalId":38009,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Manufacturing Technologies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49629927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.148
T. Bountourelis, N. Kladovasilakis, K. Tsongas, P. Kyratsis, D. Tzetzis
Due to the recent development of additive manufacturing technologies, it is now possible to achieve rapid fabrication of fully functional customized products with high geometric complexity and without the constraints of traditional manufacturing techniques, such as machining. In the current paper, a lower prosthetic limb with the knee joint was designed according to the international standards and the recommendations from existing literature. Finite element analyses were performed to investigate the mechanical behavior of the prosthetic limb and detect the stress concentration regions under realistic operation conditions. For this analysis, Nickel alloy 718 was employed as a construction material. The applied loads were derived for a human body weight of 75kg after an extensive literature review. Then, design optimization was applied, employing design for additive manufacturing (DfAM) techniques in order to minimize the number of assembly parts and improve the shape of the object. Moreover, topology optimization processes were performed in order to develop a lightweight prosthetic limb and achieve a mass reduction of 67% compared to the original design. It is worth mentioning that, this remarkable weight reduction was attained without compromising the structural integrity of the part, as the factor of safety was calculated at 1.22.
{"title":"FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS AND TOPOLOGY OPTIMIZATION OF A HIGH-PERFORMANCE LOWER PROSTHETIC LIMB","authors":"T. Bountourelis, N. Kladovasilakis, K. Tsongas, P. Kyratsis, D. Tzetzis","doi":"10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.148","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the recent development of additive manufacturing technologies, it is now possible to achieve rapid fabrication of fully functional customized products with high geometric complexity and without the constraints of traditional manufacturing techniques, such as machining. In the current paper, a lower prosthetic limb with the knee joint was designed according to the international standards and the recommendations from existing literature. Finite element analyses were performed to investigate the mechanical behavior of the prosthetic limb and detect the stress concentration regions under realistic operation conditions. For this analysis, Nickel alloy 718 was employed as a construction material. The applied loads were derived for a human body weight of 75kg after an extensive literature review. Then, design optimization was applied, employing design for additive manufacturing (DfAM) techniques in order to minimize the number of assembly parts and improve the shape of the object. Moreover, topology optimization processes were performed in order to develop a lightweight prosthetic limb and achieve a mass reduction of 67% compared to the original design. It is worth mentioning that, this remarkable weight reduction was attained without compromising the structural integrity of the part, as the factor of safety was calculated at 1.22.","PeriodicalId":38009,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Manufacturing Technologies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48910858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.123
Mashitoh Khalid, N. Shuaib, Mohd Haidiezul Jamal Ab Hadi
Sandblasting is a post-processing process that is required to improve the surface due to the layered nature of fused filament fabrication parts. This paper presents preliminary work based on full factorial design of experiment, considering pressure (100 kPa and 700 kPa), time (10 s and 120 s), distance (10 mm and 370 mm) and aluminium oxide abrasive which is 106 µm and 29.5 µm of particles size as the input factors. The effect of the parameters on the surface roughness (Sa) for flat and curve surface, material usage and energy consumption allow were analysed. The result shows that both Sa for flat and Sa curve surface were highly influenced by the abrasive particles size and time with the highest changes of Sa for flat and curve reaches up to 2.825 µm and 6.090 µm respectively. This study provides information on how sandblasting parameters should be selected in improving surface quality and resource usage.
{"title":"SANDBLASTING POST-PROCESSING ANALYSIS TO IMPROVE OF FUSED FILAMENT FABRICATIONS PARTS","authors":"Mashitoh Khalid, N. Shuaib, Mohd Haidiezul Jamal Ab Hadi","doi":"10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.123","url":null,"abstract":"Sandblasting is a post-processing process that is required to improve the surface due to the layered nature of fused filament fabrication parts. This paper presents preliminary work based on full factorial design of experiment, considering pressure (100 kPa and 700 kPa), time (10 s and 120 s), distance (10 mm and 370 mm) and aluminium oxide abrasive which is 106 µm and 29.5 µm of particles size as the input factors. The effect of the parameters on the surface roughness (Sa) for flat and curve surface, material usage and energy consumption allow were analysed. The result shows that both Sa for flat and Sa curve surface were highly influenced by the abrasive particles size and time with the highest changes of Sa for flat and curve reaches up to 2.825 µm and 6.090 µm respectively. This study provides information on how sandblasting parameters should be selected in improving surface quality and resource usage.","PeriodicalId":38009,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Manufacturing Technologies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48146104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.141
S. Spinu
Finding the distributions of eigenstresses induced by eigenstrains regardless of their type is a fundamental problem in mechanical engineering, described by complex mathematical models. Analytical solutions exist only for a small number of particular distributions of eigenstrains. This paper advances a numerical solution for the eigenstresses due to arbitrary distributions of eigenstrains in an infinite space. The imposed discretization transforms the continuous problem space into a set of adjacent cuboids, each characterized by a single value calculated analytically in a chosen point, usually the cuboid centre. In this manner, continuous functions are replaced in the mathematical model by sets of values calculated in discrete points, which, if the discretization is fine enough, replicate well the continuous distributions. The contribution of the uniform eigenstrains from a specific cuboid, to the eigenstresses in the calculation point, expressed analytically in the literature, is used as a starting point. To reduce the high computational requirements for superposition, state-of-the-art spectral methods for the acceleration of convolution products are applied. A Matlab computer program was developed to implement the newly advanced method. The case of a cuboid containing uniform dilatational eigenstrains was first simulated for validation purposes. Small deviations from the analytical solution can be observed near the inclusion boundary, but their magnitude decreases with finer meshes, suggesting it’s a discretization related error. The results were then extended by considering radially decreasing eigenstrains inside an ellipsoid.
{"title":"\"FFT-ASSISTED SOLUTION FOR THE EIGENSTRESS PROBLEM IN AN INFINITE ELASTIC MEDIUM \"","authors":"S. Spinu","doi":"10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.141","url":null,"abstract":"Finding the distributions of eigenstresses induced by eigenstrains regardless of their type is a fundamental problem in mechanical engineering, described by complex mathematical models. Analytical solutions exist only for a small number of particular distributions of eigenstrains. This paper advances a numerical solution for the eigenstresses due to arbitrary distributions of eigenstrains in an infinite space. The imposed discretization transforms the continuous problem space into a set of adjacent cuboids, each characterized by a single value calculated analytically in a chosen point, usually the cuboid centre. In this manner, continuous functions are replaced in the mathematical model by sets of values calculated in discrete points, which, if the discretization is fine enough, replicate well the continuous distributions. The contribution of the uniform eigenstrains from a specific cuboid, to the eigenstresses in the calculation point, expressed analytically in the literature, is used as a starting point. To reduce the high computational requirements for superposition, state-of-the-art spectral methods for the acceleration of convolution products are applied. A Matlab computer program was developed to implement the newly advanced method. The case of a cuboid containing uniform dilatational eigenstrains was first simulated for validation purposes. Small deviations from the analytical solution can be observed near the inclusion boundary, but their magnitude decreases with finer meshes, suggesting it’s a discretization related error. The results were then extended by considering radially decreasing eigenstrains inside an ellipsoid.","PeriodicalId":38009,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Manufacturing Technologies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46743502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.166
V. Gheorghiță
"Product innovation involves an understanding of technology through the introduction of a new product or a product that has significantly improved characteristics with the purpose of upgrading or even changing, in this case, the mobility landscape. Following the analysis of the literature in the field of methodologies for the development of an existing product or the design of a new product, the stages and activities that will be completed in order to develop an autonomous mobile system for transporting people with disabilities and transforming a manual wheelchair in an electrically operated wheelchair were established. On a basic manual wheelchair, a system will be attached to ensure overcoming the obstacles and to guarantee the ability to negociate effectively. The components, along with the control system and source energy, were mounted and tested to determine the behavior of the developed system. Various components (external and internal support, toothed crown, pinion, mobile element) were 3D printed in order to explore improving of frame attachment, the rotational movement transmission of the motor and the technical solutions for attaching the crown to the wheel. Key words: product design, wheelchair, simulation, 3D printing, optimization, mobile system. "
{"title":"\"OPTIMIZATION OF MOBILE SYSTEMS FOR DISABLED PEOPLES USING 3D PRINTING \"","authors":"V. Gheorghiță","doi":"10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.166","url":null,"abstract":"\"Product innovation involves an understanding of technology through the introduction of a new product or a product that has significantly improved characteristics with the purpose of upgrading or even changing, in this case, the mobility landscape. Following the analysis of the literature in the field of methodologies for the development of an existing product or the design of a new product, the stages and activities that will be completed in order to develop an autonomous mobile system for transporting people with disabilities and transforming a manual wheelchair in an electrically operated wheelchair were established. On a basic manual wheelchair, a system will be attached to ensure overcoming the obstacles and to guarantee the ability to negociate effectively. The components, along with the control system and source energy, were mounted and tested to determine the behavior of the developed system. Various components (external and internal support, toothed crown, pinion, mobile element) were 3D printed in order to explore improving of frame attachment, the rotational movement transmission of the motor and the technical solutions for attaching the crown to the wheel. Key words: product design, wheelchair, simulation, 3D printing, optimization, mobile system. \"","PeriodicalId":38009,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Manufacturing Technologies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48708591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.44
D. Cerlinca, S. Spinu, M. Glovnea
"For the solution of the elastic contact problem, it is generally assumed that the contacting solids can be assimilated to elastic half-spaces. This assumption is reasonable when the contact area is small compared to the dimensions of the contacting solids, and when the contact stresses are restricted to a small vicinity of the initial point of contact, without reaching the boundaries of the solids. These conditions are not met when a thin strip is bilaterally and symmetrically compressed between two punches, as the dimensions of the contact area might be of the same order of magnitude as the strip thickness. Moreover, the stresses induced in the strip will reach the boundary without a significant decay in intensity. Consequently, in this contact scenario, the classical solutions for a point force acting on the boundary of the half-space cannot be directly applied. The starting point for the problem solution is a modified Boussinesq-type solution for the thin elastic layer, expressing the displacement and stress fields induced in an elastic strip by two opposed normal forces perpendicular to the layer boundaries. To this end, supplementary displacements are added to the half-space solution to satisfy both geometric and loading symmetry, as well as the linear elasticity equations. Superposition principle is then applied, resulting in a contact model for an elastic strip compressed between two identical indenters with aligned axes. An algorithm for the contact of solids that can be assimilated to elastic half-spaces is modified and applied to the contact involving a thin strip. To this end, the required influence coefficients for displacements are derived. A calculation example involving a thin strip compressed between two spheres is presented, and a comparison with the half-space solution is performed. "
{"title":"\"THE ELASTIC CONTACT PROBLEM INVOLVING A BILATERALLY LOADED THIN STRIP \"","authors":"D. Cerlinca, S. Spinu, M. Glovnea","doi":"10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.44","url":null,"abstract":"\"For the solution of the elastic contact problem, it is generally assumed that the contacting solids can be assimilated to elastic half-spaces. This assumption is reasonable when the contact area is small compared to the dimensions of the contacting solids, and when the contact stresses are restricted to a small vicinity of the initial point of contact, without reaching the boundaries of the solids. These conditions are not met when a thin strip is bilaterally and symmetrically compressed between two punches, as the dimensions of the contact area might be of the same order of magnitude as the strip thickness. Moreover, the stresses induced in the strip will reach the boundary without a significant decay in intensity. Consequently, in this contact scenario, the classical solutions for a point force acting on the boundary of the half-space cannot be directly applied. The starting point for the problem solution is a modified Boussinesq-type solution for the thin elastic layer, expressing the displacement and stress fields induced in an elastic strip by two opposed normal forces perpendicular to the layer boundaries. To this end, supplementary displacements are added to the half-space solution to satisfy both geometric and loading symmetry, as well as the linear elasticity equations. Superposition principle is then applied, resulting in a contact model for an elastic strip compressed between two identical indenters with aligned axes. An algorithm for the contact of solids that can be assimilated to elastic half-spaces is modified and applied to the contact involving a thin strip. To this end, the required influence coefficients for displacements are derived. A calculation example involving a thin strip compressed between two spheres is presented, and a comparison with the half-space solution is performed. \"","PeriodicalId":38009,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Manufacturing Technologies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44804540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.115
M. Wiater, J. Żmudzki, G. Chladek
The required lowering of CO2 emission results in increased loading of a fuel system components and thus materials, which require adaptation to the changed working conditions. The hypothesis was that glass-fibre reinforced polyphenylene sulphide is reliable in high loaded movable couplings with steel components under a hot gasoline environment. Plate samples were formed in injection moulding process where mould temperature was 140-150°C and injection pressure 165 MPa, while the temperature at last barrel distance was increased from 285°C to 325°C. Plates were annealed in 207°C/4h and cooled down -180°C/4h. Plates went through 4300h operational tests and 1.2E6 start/stop load intervals in gasoline mixture. The plates after 30-40% of the simulated operating time range showed signs of wear that were within the acceptable range for some applications. After 40-50% of the working time, there was damage on the edges of the tiles, followed by fatigue damage. Tests revealed that injection moulded 40% GF-PPS is suitable for high loaded parts only to a limited extent.
{"title":"INJECTION MOLDED GLASS FIBER REINFORCED POLYPHENYLENE SULFIDE COMPOSITE WEAR IN SIMULATED FUEL CONDITIONS","authors":"M. Wiater, J. Żmudzki, G. Chladek","doi":"10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.115","url":null,"abstract":"The required lowering of CO2 emission results in increased loading of a fuel system components and thus materials, which require adaptation to the changed working conditions. The hypothesis was that glass-fibre reinforced polyphenylene sulphide is reliable in high loaded movable couplings with steel components under a hot gasoline environment. Plate samples were formed in injection moulding process where mould temperature was 140-150°C and injection pressure 165 MPa, while the temperature at last barrel distance was increased from 285°C to 325°C. Plates were annealed in 207°C/4h and cooled down -180°C/4h. Plates went through 4300h operational tests and 1.2E6 start/stop load intervals in gasoline mixture. The plates after 30-40% of the simulated operating time range showed signs of wear that were within the acceptable range for some applications. After 40-50% of the working time, there was damage on the edges of the tiles, followed by fatigue damage. Tests revealed that injection moulded 40% GF-PPS is suitable for high loaded parts only to a limited extent.","PeriodicalId":38009,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Manufacturing Technologies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47086969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.60
Grzegorz Jania, J. Żmudzki, Ł. Reimann, M. Staszuk, A. Woźniak
The corrosion resistance of the Ti6Al4V titanium alloy in combination with gold may increase or decrease, which is related to the amount of gold in the alloy. The aim of the work was to assess the weldability of pure gold with the Ti6Al4V titanium alloy using a prosthetic laser welding machine, and to assess the corrosivity. In the research was used a calibrated 24k gold wire with a diameter of 0.4 mm. The wire was welded to the surface of the Ti6Al4V titanium screw used in the connection of the prosthetic superstructure connector with an implant. For welding, a Bego Laser Star plus prosthetic laser welding machine was used. The samples were placed in resin, ground (500-4000 SiC), polished (Al2O3 slurry. An electrochemical corrosion test was carried out, simulating the potential formation of pitting corrosion, in a solution of artificial saliva, consisting of two stages: a. determination of the stationary potential in no-current conditions for 1 h until stabilization (Eocp - opec circuit potential), b. potentiodynamic test initial potential E start = Eocp-100 mV to E final = 2 V or the occurrence of the second condition: anode current density 1 mA /cm2, the potential increase rate of 1 mV/s, and then the samples were observed using light microscopy and SEM, and an attempt was made to identify corrosion products using EDS. The paper evaluates the possibility of gold welding with the Ti6Al4V titanium alloy in the conditions of a prosthetic laboratory, limitations in this process were indicated, and conclusions that could improve weldability were indicated. The heat affected zone was identified and the results of corrosion tests were evaluated. The weldability of gold with the mentioned titanium alloy was confirmed, however, in subsequent tests, attempts should be made to reduce the laser spot, which will reduce the heat affected zone. Traces of corrosion were found, but they were rare and even over the entire surface of the samples.
Ti6Al4V钛合金与金结合后的耐蚀性有增减的趋势，这与合金中金的含量有关。本工作的目的是利用假体激光焊接机评估纯金与Ti6Al4V钛合金的可焊性，并评估其腐蚀性。在研究中使用了直径为0.4 mm的校准24k金线。金属丝被焊接到Ti6Al4V钛螺钉的表面，用于连接假体上部结构连接器和种植体。焊接采用Bego Laser Star +假体激光焊接机。样品放置在树脂中，研磨(500-4000 SiC)，抛光(Al2O3浆料)。在人工唾液溶液中进行电化学腐蚀试验，模拟点蚀电位的形成，包括两个阶段:a.测定无电流条件下1h直至稳定的固定电位(Eocp - opec回路电位)，b.动电位试验初始电位E开始= Eocp- 100mv至E结束= 2v或出现第二种情况;阳极电流密度为1 mA /cm2，电位增加速率为1 mV/s，然后用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察样品，并尝试用EDS鉴定腐蚀产物。本文评估了Ti6Al4V钛合金在假肢实验室条件下进行金焊接的可能性，指出了该工艺的局限性，并指出了可以提高可焊性的结论。确定了热影响区，并对腐蚀试验结果进行了评价。证实了金与上述钛合金的可焊性，但在后续的试验中，应尽量减少激光光斑，从而减少热影响区。发现了腐蚀的痕迹，但它们很罕见，甚至在样品的整个表面上都有。
{"title":"CORROSION RESISTANCE OF A GOLD-TITANIUM ALLOY TI6AL4V WELD PRODUCED IN A DENTAL LASER WELDING MACHINE","authors":"Grzegorz Jania, J. Żmudzki, Ł. Reimann, M. Staszuk, A. Woźniak","doi":"10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.60","url":null,"abstract":"The corrosion resistance of the Ti6Al4V titanium alloy in combination with gold may increase or decrease, which is related to the amount of gold in the alloy. The aim of the work was to assess the weldability of pure gold with the Ti6Al4V titanium alloy using a prosthetic laser welding machine, and to assess the corrosivity. In the research was used a calibrated 24k gold wire with a diameter of 0.4 mm. The wire was welded to the surface of the Ti6Al4V titanium screw used in the connection of the prosthetic superstructure connector with an implant. For welding, a Bego Laser Star plus prosthetic laser welding machine was used. The samples were placed in resin, ground (500-4000 SiC), polished (Al2O3 slurry. An electrochemical corrosion test was carried out, simulating the potential formation of pitting corrosion, in a solution of artificial saliva, consisting of two stages: a. determination of the stationary potential in no-current conditions for 1 h until stabilization (Eocp - opec circuit potential), b. potentiodynamic test initial potential E start = Eocp-100 mV to E final = 2 V or the occurrence of the second condition: anode current density 1 mA /cm2, the potential increase rate of 1 mV/s, and then the samples were observed using light microscopy and SEM, and an attempt was made to identify corrosion products using EDS. The paper evaluates the possibility of gold welding with the Ti6Al4V titanium alloy in the conditions of a prosthetic laboratory, limitations in this process were indicated, and conclusions that could improve weldability were indicated. The heat affected zone was identified and the results of corrosion tests were evaluated. The weldability of gold with the mentioned titanium alloy was confirmed, however, in subsequent tests, attempts should be made to reduce the laser spot, which will reduce the heat affected zone. Traces of corrosion were found, but they were rare and even over the entire surface of the samples.","PeriodicalId":38009,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Manufacturing Technologies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43316713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.80
Kadir Gök, Hamza Taş, A. Gök, M. Alkan
The investigation mentioned focuses on utilizing finite element analysis to study the impact of anisotropy parameters on the behavior of earrings during the deep drawing process. deep drawing is a manufacturing technique used to transform flat sheet metal into three-dimensional shapes, and anisotropy refers to the directional dependence of material properties. by analyzing and understanding how anisotropy parameters affect the behavior of earrings during the deep drawing process, this investigation aims to provide valuable insights for optimizing the manufacturing process and enhancing the quality and durability of earrings. In this study, an Al6061-T6 sheet material with different planar anisotropies with a single thickness of 2 mm was employed to simulate the effects of anisotropy parameters on the earring by using finite element method. The effects of anisotropy parameters on the earring were examined by using FEM. Variations force obtained in Δr_2 are higher than Δr_1. This is due to the anisotropy of the material. It can be said that the FEM simulations give reasonable results in view of earring for deep drawing processes. So, experimental costs can therefore be avoided using a suitable FEM model.
{"title":"INVESTIGATION USING FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF EFFECT TO EARRING OF ANISOTROPY PARAMETERS IN DEEP DRAWING PROCESS","authors":"Kadir Gök, Hamza Taş, A. Gök, M. Alkan","doi":"10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.80","url":null,"abstract":"The investigation mentioned focuses on utilizing finite element analysis to study the impact of anisotropy parameters on the behavior of earrings during the deep drawing process. deep drawing is a manufacturing technique used to transform flat sheet metal into three-dimensional shapes, and anisotropy refers to the directional dependence of material properties. by analyzing and understanding how anisotropy parameters affect the behavior of earrings during the deep drawing process, this investigation aims to provide valuable insights for optimizing the manufacturing process and enhancing the quality and durability of earrings. In this study, an Al6061-T6 sheet material with different planar anisotropies with a single thickness of 2 mm was employed to simulate the effects of anisotropy parameters on the earring by using finite element method. The effects of anisotropy parameters on the earring were examined by using FEM. Variations force obtained in Δr_2 are higher than Δr_1. This is due to the anisotropy of the material. It can be said that the FEM simulations give reasonable results in view of earring for deep drawing processes. So, experimental costs can therefore be avoided using a suitable FEM model.","PeriodicalId":38009,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Manufacturing Technologies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41313899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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