Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.51
Diego Pico, S. Machado, J. Meza, J. Unfried-Silgado
Resin transfer molding process (RTM) has recently emerged in liquid composite moulding process (LCM) industry. RTM consists in polymeric resin injection into a closed mold containing a pre-arranged reinforcement material. In this work, the resin flow inside a rectangular mold (310´310´7 mm3) during the fabrication of coconut mesocarp fiber-reinforced composites using vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) was simulated. A computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis was performed in ANSYS® FLUENT using a volume of fluid (VOF) method and Darcy's law. The process was simulated for fiber volumetric fraction (xf) contents of 5%, 10%, 15% and 25%. Results showed that for percentages of reinforcement content higher than 25%, air trapping and incomplete filling of the mold occur. Simulated filling times were in acceptable agreement with the values obtained experimentally.
{"title":"RESIN FLOW ANALYSIS DURING FABRICATION OF COCONUT MESOCARP FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES USING VARTM PROCESS","authors":"Diego Pico, S. Machado, J. Meza, J. Unfried-Silgado","doi":"10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.51","url":null,"abstract":"Resin transfer molding process (RTM) has recently emerged in liquid composite moulding process (LCM) industry. RTM consists in polymeric resin injection into a closed mold containing a pre-arranged reinforcement material. In this work, the resin flow inside a rectangular mold (310´310´7 mm3) during the fabrication of coconut mesocarp fiber-reinforced composites using vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) was simulated. A computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis was performed in ANSYS® FLUENT using a volume of fluid (VOF) method and Darcy's law. The process was simulated for fiber volumetric fraction (xf) contents of 5%, 10%, 15% and 25%. Results showed that for percentages of reinforcement content higher than 25%, air trapping and incomplete filling of the mold occur. Simulated filling times were in acceptable agreement with the values obtained experimentally.","PeriodicalId":38009,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Manufacturing Technologies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42353228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.107
L. Stan, Alexandra Nicoleta Gordes, Adriana Agape
To navigate safely, the ship must be manoeuvrable and have good stability. The steering of the ship depends on a number of factors such as: the means of steering used, the geometric shapes of the hull (stern area), the ratios between the main dimensions (LCWL/B and B/T), the number, position and direction of rotation of the engine. and the hydro-meteorological conditions in which they sail (water, air, wind, waves). Every ship, with the exception of barges, must have a robust and safe steering system to ensure manoeuvrability and sea stability. These installations can be: rudder with hydrodynamic profile, installation with adjustable nozzles and other installations approved by the Classification Societies. In this particular study an analysis on a gear pump fitted in the azimuth system of a chemical tanker is being made, using a CFD technology. The main aim is to study the efficiency of this pump by comparing the CFD analysis results with the results in real operational condition. Main parameters focused on are outlet flow, suction column, power and pump efficiency. There are several differences registered in the case of suction column and power, but they are not that high, while parameters outlet flow and pump efficiency are almost identical.
{"title":"NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF A GEAR","authors":"L. Stan, Alexandra Nicoleta Gordes, Adriana Agape","doi":"10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.107","url":null,"abstract":"To navigate safely, the ship must be manoeuvrable and have good stability. The steering of the ship depends on a number of factors such as: the means of steering used, the geometric shapes of the hull (stern area), the ratios between the main dimensions (LCWL/B and B/T), the number, position and direction of rotation of the engine. and the hydro-meteorological conditions in which they sail (water, air, wind, waves). Every ship, with the exception of barges, must have a robust and safe steering system to ensure manoeuvrability and sea stability. These installations can be: rudder with hydrodynamic profile, installation with adjustable nozzles and other installations approved by the Classification Societies. In this particular study an analysis on a gear pump fitted in the azimuth system of a chemical tanker is being made, using a CFD technology. The main aim is to study the efficiency of this pump by comparing the CFD analysis results with the results in real operational condition. Main parameters focused on are outlet flow, suction column, power and pump efficiency. There are several differences registered in the case of suction column and power, but they are not that high, while parameters outlet flow and pump efficiency are almost identical.","PeriodicalId":38009,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Manufacturing Technologies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42425320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.155
V. Trinh, T. Hoang, Van-Dong Pham, Xuan-Chung Nguyen, Tien-Sy Nguyen, Ngoc-Son Dinh
The good combination of injection molding parameters (IMP) will make high quality product by elimination of defects occurred during injection molding process such as warpage and shrinkage. This paper investigates influence of IMPs on shrinkage and warpage on injection molding process using hot runner system. Taguchi method and ANOVA analysis are used to optimize the IMPs including melt temperature, filling time, injection pressure, packing pressure, coolant inlet temperature, cooling time, and flow rate. The analysis and simulation processes were done by using a Moldflow software. The plastic material is acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) with some features of the dimensional stability, chemical endurance, and simple processing capacity. The results show that melt temperature and coolant temperature are the main factors affecting the warpage with 66.67% of melt temperature and 15.59% of cooling temperature. The melt temperature and packing pressure are the main factors affecting the shrinkage with 74.62% of melt temperature and 19.46% of packing pressure. The optimal IMP is retested with warpage defect reduced 16.6% and shrinkage decreased of about 2.45% after optimization.
{"title":"STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF INJECTION MOLDING PARAMETERS ON THE WARPAGE AND SHRINKAGE IN HOT RUNNER SYSTEM MOLD","authors":"V. Trinh, T. Hoang, Van-Dong Pham, Xuan-Chung Nguyen, Tien-Sy Nguyen, Ngoc-Son Dinh","doi":"10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.155","url":null,"abstract":"The good combination of injection molding parameters (IMP) will make high quality product by elimination of defects occurred during injection molding process such as warpage and shrinkage. This paper investigates influence of IMPs on shrinkage and warpage on injection molding process using hot runner system. Taguchi method and ANOVA analysis are used to optimize the IMPs including melt temperature, filling time, injection pressure, packing pressure, coolant inlet temperature, cooling time, and flow rate. The analysis and simulation processes were done by using a Moldflow software. The plastic material is acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) with some features of the dimensional stability, chemical endurance, and simple processing capacity. The results show that melt temperature and coolant temperature are the main factors affecting the warpage with 66.67% of melt temperature and 15.59% of cooling temperature. The melt temperature and packing pressure are the main factors affecting the shrinkage with 74.62% of melt temperature and 19.46% of packing pressure. The optimal IMP is retested with warpage defect reduced 16.6% and shrinkage decreased of about 2.45% after optimization.","PeriodicalId":38009,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Manufacturing Technologies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46345372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.18
A. Rzeźnikiewicz, J. Górka, M. Przybyla
Cutting is usually one of the initial and basic operations of the weldment manufacturing process. Thermal cutting, in particular plasma arc cutting is often used for the preparation of the production of welded structures. The plasma arc cutting process involves melting and ejecting the liquid metal from the cutting gap with a highly concentrated plasma electric arc which is generated between the non-consumable electrode and the workpiece. The paper presents the results of quality assessment of the air plasma cutting process of the selected construction materials – steel S960Q, steel S700QM, aluminum alloy 5754, copper M1E- with a thickness of 8 mm. The surface quality after cutting was assessed in accordance with ISO 9013 (perpendicularity or angularity tolerance, u; mean height of the profile, Rz 5µm). The bevel angle, the width of the cutting kerf and the diameter of the piercing hole. It has been shown that not only the quality parameters of the surface should be taken into account when assessing the quality of the surface after cutting. Important are also bevel angle, the method of piercing the sheet and the width of the cutting kerf at the top and bottom surfaces of the sheet. Taking into account the operational properties of elements after cutting, attention should be paid to the impact of cutting processes on structural and chemical changes caused by the effect of heat. The conducted research has shown the usefulness of the air plasma cutting process for all selected construction materials.
{"title":"THE AIR PLASMA CUTTING QUALITY OF SELECTED CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS","authors":"A. Rzeźnikiewicz, J. Górka, M. Przybyla","doi":"10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.18","url":null,"abstract":"Cutting is usually one of the initial and basic operations of the weldment manufacturing process. Thermal cutting, in particular plasma arc cutting is often used for the preparation of the production of welded structures. The plasma arc cutting process involves melting and ejecting the liquid metal from the cutting gap with a highly concentrated plasma electric arc which is generated between the non-consumable electrode and the workpiece. The paper presents the results of quality assessment of the air plasma cutting process of the selected construction materials – steel S960Q, steel S700QM, aluminum alloy 5754, copper M1E- with a thickness of 8 mm. The surface quality after cutting was assessed in accordance with ISO 9013 (perpendicularity or angularity tolerance, u; mean height of the profile, Rz 5µm). The bevel angle, the width of the cutting kerf and the diameter of the piercing hole. It has been shown that not only the quality parameters of the surface should be taken into account when assessing the quality of the surface after cutting. Important are also bevel angle, the method of piercing the sheet and the width of the cutting kerf at the top and bottom surfaces of the sheet. Taking into account the operational properties of elements after cutting, attention should be paid to the impact of cutting processes on structural and chemical changes caused by the effect of heat. The conducted research has shown the usefulness of the air plasma cutting process for all selected construction materials.","PeriodicalId":38009,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Manufacturing Technologies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45986976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.7
A. Kurc-Lisiecka
The performed investigations concerned the influence of degree and temperature of deformation on the microstructure and mechanical properties of metastable austenite in 304 stainless steel after its strain-induced martensitic transformation. Samples of steel strip were cold-rolled within the degree of deformation from 20% to 70% and stretched at room and cryogenic temperature. The microstructure was observed by means of a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It has been found that in samples stretched at a temperature of -100C and -196C microstructure of the matrix displayed a considerable density of dislocations with lath areas of the martensite ’ and precipitations of carbides M23C6. Fractographic examinations permitted to determine the influence of the deformation temperature on the character of the fracture of investigated steel obtained during the decohesion of samples in a tensile test at room and cryogenic temperature. After cold rolling and tensile test at room temperature the samples have transcrystalline ductile fracture. However, after the plastic deformation at cryogenic temperature, ductile facture with characteristic smooth areas with traces of plastic deformation of the surface and numerous craters were observed.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF COLD ROLLING PROCESS ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF AISI 304 STEEL","authors":"A. Kurc-Lisiecka","doi":"10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"The performed investigations concerned the influence of degree and temperature of deformation on the microstructure and mechanical properties of metastable austenite in 304 stainless steel after its strain-induced martensitic transformation. Samples of steel strip were cold-rolled within the degree of deformation from 20% to 70% and stretched at room and cryogenic temperature. The microstructure was observed by means of a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It has been found that in samples stretched at a temperature of -100C and -196C microstructure of the matrix displayed a considerable density of dislocations with lath areas of the martensite ’ and precipitations of carbides M23C6. Fractographic examinations permitted to determine the influence of the deformation temperature on the character of the fracture of investigated steel obtained during the decohesion of samples in a tensile test at room and cryogenic temperature. After cold rolling and tensile test at room temperature the samples have transcrystalline ductile fracture. However, after the plastic deformation at cryogenic temperature, ductile facture with characteristic smooth areas with traces of plastic deformation of the surface and numerous craters were observed.","PeriodicalId":38009,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Manufacturing Technologies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44802715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.69
Huy-Anh Bui, Ngoc-Tien Tran, Duc-Luan Nguyen
Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) is well known as one of the most important solutions that seeks to identify the best alternative among several options. It has a significant effect on the effectiveness of many technical disciplines within the industrial field, especially electrical discharge machining. This paper presents the findings of a multi-criteria decision-making study involving the powder-mixed electrical discharge milling (PMEDM) of cylindrically shaped tool steel 90CrSi components. As performance measures for the PMEDM process, the material removal rate (MRS) and surface roughness (SR) are selected. Three different techniques (CRITIC, MEREC, and IDOCRIW) are applied in sequence to determine the weight value of the quality indicators. The key MCDM methods used for ranking the alternatives are the Combined Compromise Solution (COCOSO) method and the Stable Preference Ordering Towards Ideal Solution (SPOTIS). The experimental study indicates the ranking tables under different scenarios and proposes the best alternative for the PMEDM procedure.
{"title":"MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION MAKING IN THE POWDER-MIXED ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE MACHINING PROCESS BASED ON THE COCOSO, SPOTIS ALGORITHMS AND THE WEIGHTING METHODS","authors":"Huy-Anh Bui, Ngoc-Tien Tran, Duc-Luan Nguyen","doi":"10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.69","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) is well known as one of the most important solutions that seeks to identify the best alternative among several options. It has a significant effect on the effectiveness of many technical disciplines within the industrial field, especially electrical discharge machining. This paper presents the findings of a multi-criteria decision-making study involving the powder-mixed electrical discharge milling (PMEDM) of cylindrically shaped tool steel 90CrSi components. As performance measures for the PMEDM process, the material removal rate (MRS) and surface roughness (SR) are selected. Three different techniques (CRITIC, MEREC, and IDOCRIW) are applied in sequence to determine the weight value of the quality indicators. The key MCDM methods used for ranking the alternatives are the Combined Compromise Solution (COCOSO) method and the Stable Preference Ordering Towards Ideal Solution (SPOTIS). The experimental study indicates the ranking tables under different scenarios and proposes the best alternative for the PMEDM procedure.","PeriodicalId":38009,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Manufacturing Technologies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47059142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.34
B. Smoljan, S. S. Hanza
Modern technologies need more and more precise computer design of manufacturing processes. Especially it is visible in thermal processing of steel, such as hot rolling, hot forging, casting, welding, 3D printing, and so on. An application of computer simulation of austenite decomposition in optimization of manufacturing of low alloyed steel bars by hot rolling was studied. For this purpose the mathematical model and computer software for very precise anticipation of TTT diagrams data was developed. The calculation of TTT diagrams data was based on chemical composition of low alloyed steels. The study started with definition mechanisms of austenite decomposition at constant subcritical temperatures. The mechanism of γ→α phase change in steel is not yet been adequately clarified. Methods for calibration of kinetic equations of austenite phase transition at constant subcritical temperatures were developed in this paper. Mathematical modeling of TTT diagrams data consists both, prediction of kinetic of phase transformations and anticipation of steel hardness. It was found out that the hardness of both, microstructural constituents and total hardness of steel mostly depends on the carbon content and temperature of γ→α phase transformation. The model of TTT diagrams data of low alloyed steel was verified in purpose to apply the model of isothermal decomposition of austenite in very precise method for prediction of microstructure composition and hardness of hot rolled steel bars. The verification of developed model was done by comparison of the calculated results of TTT diagrams data with experimentally estimated TTT diagrams data. By the simulation of hardness and microstructural composition of hot rolled steel bar the optimal cooling regime in cooling beds can be designed.
{"title":"AN APPLICATION OF COMPUTER SIMULATION OF AUSTENITE DECOMPOSITION IN OPTIMIZATION OF HOT ROLLING OF LOW ALLOYED STEEL BARS","authors":"B. Smoljan, S. S. Hanza","doi":"10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.34","url":null,"abstract":"Modern technologies need more and more precise computer design of manufacturing processes. Especially it is visible in thermal processing of steel, such as hot rolling, hot forging, casting, welding, 3D printing, and so on. An application of computer simulation of austenite decomposition in optimization of manufacturing of low alloyed steel bars by hot rolling was studied. For this purpose the mathematical model and computer software for very precise anticipation of TTT diagrams data was developed. The calculation of TTT diagrams data was based on chemical composition of low alloyed steels. The study started with definition mechanisms of austenite decomposition at constant subcritical temperatures. The mechanism of γ→α phase change in steel is not yet been adequately clarified. Methods for calibration of kinetic equations of austenite phase transition at constant subcritical temperatures were developed in this paper. Mathematical modeling of TTT diagrams data consists both, prediction of kinetic of phase transformations and anticipation of steel hardness. It was found out that the hardness of both, microstructural constituents and total hardness of steel mostly depends on the carbon content and temperature of γ→α phase transformation. The model of TTT diagrams data of low alloyed steel was verified in purpose to apply the model of isothermal decomposition of austenite in very precise method for prediction of microstructure composition and hardness of hot rolled steel bars. The verification of developed model was done by comparison of the calculated results of TTT diagrams data with experimentally estimated TTT diagrams data. By the simulation of hardness and microstructural composition of hot rolled steel bar the optimal cooling regime in cooling beds can be designed.","PeriodicalId":38009,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Manufacturing Technologies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43357271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.98
K. Lehrich, K. Lis
The research results presented in this article are important because information on machine tools for machining wheelsets is scarce in the literature, due to technical limitations related to large machine tool dimensions, a limited number of manufacturers and non-standard variants. This paper presents the findings of experimental and finite element method (FEM) simulation studies on the vibration of bodies used in Underfloor Wheel Lathes. Two bodies, varying in shape, dimensions, and weight, were examined, with their common characteristics being their purpose, material (cast iron), and casting technology. The bodies underwent experimental and numerical modal analyses to determine damping coefficients as a function of vibration frequency. The study was conducted on both free-suspended bodies and bodies positioned and leveled on a foundation. The results of the experimental and numerical tests were compared, showing good convergence in terms of natural vibration frequency and form.
{"title":"COMPARISON OF THE DYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF THE UNDERFLOOR WHEEL LATHES BODIES","authors":"K. Lehrich, K. Lis","doi":"10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.98","url":null,"abstract":"The research results presented in this article are important because information on machine tools for machining wheelsets is scarce in the literature, due to technical limitations related to large machine tool dimensions, a limited number of manufacturers and non-standard variants. This paper presents the findings of experimental and finite element method (FEM) simulation studies on the vibration of bodies used in Underfloor Wheel Lathes. Two bodies, varying in shape, dimensions, and weight, were examined, with their common characteristics being their purpose, material (cast iron), and casting technology. The bodies underwent experimental and numerical modal analyses to determine damping coefficients as a function of vibration frequency. The study was conducted on both free-suspended bodies and bodies positioned and leveled on a foundation. The results of the experimental and numerical tests were compared, showing good convergence in terms of natural vibration frequency and form.","PeriodicalId":38009,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Manufacturing Technologies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46715477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.25
A. Lisiecki, A. Kurc-Lisiecka, W. Pakieła, S. Topolska
The process of autogenous laser welding of stainless steel X2CrTiNb18 was investigated. The Yb:YAG disk laser was used in the study for welding of 1.5mm thick butt joins. The influence of basic laser welding parameters on the joint quality, fusion zone geometry, microhardness distribution across the butt joint, structure and microstructure of fusion zone (FZ) and heat affected zone (HAZ) was studied and determined. The quality level of the test joints was determined according to the PN-EN ISO 13919-1 standard. The chemical composition of the base metal was determined by spark emission spectroscopy. Results of the study have shown that laser welding parameters have a significant influence on the quality of butt joints. However, it is possible to produce joints that meet the high requirements and criteria of quality. The width of HAZ of the butt joints welded in the investigated range of parameters was narrow and did not exceed 0.2 mm. It was found that the most common imperfections of the analysed joints are concavity of the weld face and insufficient penetration. The HAZ region of joints is characterized by mainly ferritic microstructure with complex carbides precipitates. In turn, the fusion zone is dominated by a ferritic microstructure but also precipitates were observed, which were identified as fine dispersion carbides. Hardness of the base metal is round 160÷170HV0.3. A tendency to increase in hardness in the HAZ and FZ was observed. The maximum hardness measured in HAZ was approx. 220HV0.3, while in the FZ 190HV0.3.
研究了X2CrTiNb18不锈钢的激光自焊接工艺。采用Yb:YAG圆盘激光器对1.5mm厚对接接头进行焊接研究。研究并确定了激光焊接基本参数对接头质量、熔合区几何形状、对接接头显微硬度分布、熔合区和热影响区组织和显微组织的影响。试验接头的质量等级按照PN-EN ISO 13919-1标准确定。用火花发射光谱法测定了母材的化学成分。研究结果表明，激光焊接参数对对接接头的质量有显著影响。然而，生产符合高质量要求和标准的关节是可能的。在所研究的参数范围内焊接的对接接头的热影响区宽度较窄，不超过0.2 mm。分析发现，焊接接头最常见的缺陷是焊缝表面凹凸和焊透不足。接头热影响区以铁素体组织为主，有复杂碳化物析出。熔合区以铁素体组织为主，但也有析出物，为细弥散碳化物。母材硬度为圆形160÷170HV0.3。热区和热区硬度有增加的趋势。热影响区测得的最大硬度约为。220HV0.3, FZ为190HV0.3。
{"title":"MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF LASER-WELDED BUTT JOINTS OF X2CRTINB18 STEEL","authors":"A. Lisiecki, A. Kurc-Lisiecka, W. Pakieła, S. Topolska","doi":"10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.1.25","url":null,"abstract":"The process of autogenous laser welding of stainless steel X2CrTiNb18 was investigated. The Yb:YAG disk laser was used in the study for welding of 1.5mm thick butt joins. The influence of basic laser welding parameters on the joint quality, fusion zone geometry, microhardness distribution across the butt joint, structure and microstructure of fusion zone (FZ) and heat affected zone (HAZ) was studied and determined. The quality level of the test joints was determined according to the PN-EN ISO 13919-1 standard. The chemical composition of the base metal was determined by spark emission spectroscopy. Results of the study have shown that laser welding parameters have a significant influence on the quality of butt joints. However, it is possible to produce joints that meet the high requirements and criteria of quality. The width of HAZ of the butt joints welded in the investigated range of parameters was narrow and did not exceed 0.2 mm. It was found that the most common imperfections of the analysed joints are concavity of the weld face and insufficient penetration. The HAZ region of joints is characterized by mainly ferritic microstructure with complex carbides precipitates. In turn, the fusion zone is dominated by a ferritic microstructure but also precipitates were observed, which were identified as fine dispersion carbides. Hardness of the base metal is round 160÷170HV0.3. A tendency to increase in hardness in the HAZ and FZ was observed. The maximum hardness measured in HAZ was approx. 220HV0.3, while in the FZ 190HV0.3.","PeriodicalId":38009,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Manufacturing Technologies","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41311664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.54684/ijmmt.2022.14.3.10
A. Abdullah, Mahdi Saleh Qasim, Mohammed Qasim Ahmed
This study aims to analyse heat transfer mechanisms between water and air via direct contact (wet section) and indirect contact (dry section) in a natural draft hybrid cooling tower model. A prototype has been constructed based on geometrical, dynamic, and thermodynamic similarities to imitate a natural draft hybrid (wet/dry) cooling tower using natural draft hybrid technology. The experimental tests were carried out in summer (hot and dry) weather in accordance with Iraqi meteorological conditions, with splash fill packing measuring 15cm in height. This study aims to determine the influence of water flow rates and air flow rates on the cooling range, relative humidity, cooling capacity, and overall efficacy of a cooling tower. The experimental tests were carried out using four different water flow rates ranging from 7.5 to 12.0l/min and six different air velocities ranging from 0.4 to 2.4m/s while maintaining the intake water temperature constant 55ºC and the crosswind constant at zero (m/s). As a consequence of the experiments, it was discovered that the water mass flow rate and air velocity impacted all of the factors discussed earlier in varying degrees.
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