Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14662035.2018.1776005
T. O’Keeffe
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Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14662035.2020.1770484
O. Aldred
{"title":"Making One’s Way in the World: The Footprints and Trackways of Prehistoric People","authors":"O. Aldred","doi":"10.1080/14662035.2020.1770484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14662035.2020.1770484","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38043,"journal":{"name":"Landscapes (United Kingdom)","volume":"19 1","pages":"171 - 173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14662035.2020.1770484","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43776258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14662035.2020.1740542
Derwin Gregory
ABSTRACT Throughout the Second World War, the Luftwaffe attacked Norwich on various occasions. The impact this had on the city was recorded visually on the ‘Norwich Bomb Map’. This cartographic depiction, however, only records a single ‘horizontal’ component of the aerial ‘battlescape’. In reality, the aerial battlefield comprised a combination of Norwich's air defences and the flightpaths of the Luftwaffe bombers, which existed in three-dimensional space. As other scholars have developed methodologies for reconstructing anti-aircraft ‘fire domes’, this article will combine these concepts with a new approach that reconstructs historic flightpaths to give a three-dimensional overview of Norwich's ‘Gun Defended Area’. By examining all components of Norwich's airspace, this article will demonstrate the importance of considering the vertical component of a battlescape.
{"title":"A ‘Baby GDA’: Norwich’s Airspace during the Second World War","authors":"Derwin Gregory","doi":"10.1080/14662035.2020.1740542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14662035.2020.1740542","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Throughout the Second World War, the Luftwaffe attacked Norwich on various occasions. The impact this had on the city was recorded visually on the ‘Norwich Bomb Map’. This cartographic depiction, however, only records a single ‘horizontal’ component of the aerial ‘battlescape’. In reality, the aerial battlefield comprised a combination of Norwich's air defences and the flightpaths of the Luftwaffe bombers, which existed in three-dimensional space. As other scholars have developed methodologies for reconstructing anti-aircraft ‘fire domes’, this article will combine these concepts with a new approach that reconstructs historic flightpaths to give a three-dimensional overview of Norwich's ‘Gun Defended Area’. By examining all components of Norwich's airspace, this article will demonstrate the importance of considering the vertical component of a battlescape.","PeriodicalId":38043,"journal":{"name":"Landscapes (United Kingdom)","volume":"19 1","pages":"150 - 168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14662035.2020.1740542","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49158456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14662035.2018.1766811
R. Newman
{"title":"Hidden Landscapes in the Forest of Dean","authors":"R. Newman","doi":"10.1080/14662035.2018.1766811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14662035.2018.1766811","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38043,"journal":{"name":"Landscapes (United Kingdom)","volume":"19 1","pages":"176 - 177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14662035.2018.1766811","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46751431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14662035.2018.1561005
Vicky Basford
{"title":"New Forest: The forging of a landscape","authors":"Vicky Basford","doi":"10.1080/14662035.2018.1561005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14662035.2018.1561005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38043,"journal":{"name":"Landscapes (United Kingdom)","volume":"19 1","pages":"84 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14662035.2018.1561005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45477938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14662035.2018.1561004
O. Aldred
important contribution to the cross-fertilisation of research. Given the range of approaches summarised it should not be a surprise that the chapters recommending future courses of action often address different problems: biodiversity protection versus feeding a growing human population, for example, or issues of rural development as opposed to approaches to urban agriculture. Indeed, different chapters frequently present apparently contradictory analyses: the assertion by several authors that feeding a projected 10 billion people will require a doubling of current levels of food production, for instance, is disputed in the chapter by Raffle and Carey where it is asserted that global food production in 2014 was sufficient to feed 14 billion. Drilling into the cited sources and data may demonstrate that this is a difference of perspective rather than a real contradiction, of course (e.g. different projection methods or different modelling assumptions), but presenting counter arguments within a single volume serves to illustrate the vibrancy of these debates and the inevitability of trade-offs in any attempts to balance social, economic and ecological concerns. In omitting a synthetic introduction or conclusion the editors force the reader to draw their own conclusions regarding these competing imperatives, but the volume does a good job of introducing the reader to a range of approaches and concepts – even if I for one am still no wiser as to what is meant by a ‘foodway’. All the chapters add something to this mix, meaning that the handbook is perhaps best read as a volume rather than as individual papers on discrete areas of work, since together they illustrate the complex intersections between landscapes and food and hence the complexity of our attempts to manage both.
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Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14662035.2019.1575112
Pietro Piana, C. Watkins, R. Balzaretti
ABSTRACT Palm trees are today a characteristic feature of tropical tourist landscapes around the world, from the Caribbean to the Maldives. They are also a distinctive element of Mediterranean landscapes. On the Italian Riviera they are frequently found in the grounds of villas and hotels, at railway stations and in public squares. This paper examines the changing landscapes of the palm trees of the Italian Riviera over the last 300 years. Palms, particularly Phoenix dactylifera, were an important element of the local economy cultivated especially for palm fronds to be sold for religious festivals. The widespread presence of palm trees gave stretches of the Ligurian coast in NW Italy an almost tropical character, especially around Bordighera and Sanremo. These coastal towns became major health resorts in the late nineteenth century and international tourists and residents celebrated this exotic landscape. The palms became important subjects for amateur and professional artists and photographers, proliferated in gardens, as street trees and in horticultural collections. They became signature trees for these wealthy therapeutic landscapes. Rapid building development and the decline of the palm trade, however, means that only fragments of the old palm plantations remain today, and these are in need of careful conservation.
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Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14662035.2019.1617493
P. Stamper
as opposed to scientific thought or managerial efficiency, and the role of non-human actors. At one level, non-human actors are also central to the book. This is as much an exploration of ideas and theories as it is a history of landscape. It views its source evidence – documents and field remains, buildings and landscape – through the prism of ‘Actor Network Theory’ less commonly encountered in the study of the British post-medieval period than of Scandinavian prehistory), and thereby seeks to use those post-postmodern perspectives to reveal the complexity of the accumulation of daily decision and long-term processes that wrought the transformations of ‘enclosure’. Those with small appetites for such theoretical scaffolding are not required to read it as such, however, because the argument is alsofirmly rooted in analysis of rich estate documentation and (though to a lesser extent) field evidence, illuminated by a plethora of detailed maps.
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Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14662035.2018.1561009
A. Pluskowski, H. Valk, Seweryn Szczepański
ABSTRACT The crusades against eastern Baltic societies from the end of the twelfth century saw the reorganisation of the conquered territories into new Christian polities, a reconfiguration of land ownership and an intensification in resource exploitation to sustain the new regime and growing urban and rural populations. An ecclesiastical administration was imposed on the conquered territories, alongside the construction of churches and monasteries, confronting native religions which attached sacred importance to natural places and cemeteries. This paper compares the transformation of sacred landscapes in Livonia and Prussia and provides an interpretation of variability in relation to theocratic authority, native and migrant populations. Encompassing the role of settlements, cemeteries and the tempo of change, the paper is situated within a new archaeological framework contextualising medieval religious transformation; it also provides the first detailed, comparative perspective for the two regions. The landscape was not uniformly transformed and its variability, particularly the post-crusade endurance and even proliferation of native sacred sites, reflects the limits of theocratic authority and the pragmatic necessities of ruling conquered populations. This strong variability in the nature and process of Christianisation even in superficially similar areas should serve as a warning to resist generalising across limited data sets. Abbreviations: GQK: Geschichte der Quellen des katholischen Kirchenrechts der Provinzen Preussen und Posen (Jacobson ed. 1837); LUB: Liv-, Est- und Kurländisches Urkundenbuch nebst Regesten (Bunge ed. 1853–1857); PUB 1/1: Preussisches Urkundenbuch (Philippi ed. 1882); PUB 3/1: Preussisches Urkundenbuch (Hein ed. 1944). GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
从12世纪末开始，对东波罗的海社会的十字军东征见证了被征服的领土重组为新的基督教政治，土地所有权的重新配置和资源开发的加强，以维持新政权和不断增长的城市和农村人口。在被征服的领土上，教会被强制管理，同时建造教堂和修道院，与重视自然场所和墓地的本土宗教相抗衡。本文比较了利沃尼亚和普鲁士的神圣景观的转变，并提供了与神权权威、本地和移民人口有关的可变性的解释。这篇论文包含了定居点、墓地和变化的速度的作用，位于一个新的考古框架内，将中世纪的宗教转变置于背景下;它也为这两个地区提供了第一个详细的比较视角。景观并没有统一地改变，它的变化，特别是十字军东征后的持久甚至是本土圣地的激增，反映了神权权威的局限性和统治被征服人口的实用主义必要性。即使在表面上相似的地区，基督教化的性质和过程的这种强烈的可变性应该作为一个警告，不要在有限的数据集上进行概括。缩写:GQK: Geschichte der Quellen des katholischen Kirchenrechts der Provinzen Preussen and Posen (Jacobson编辑，1837);LUB: Liv-， Est- und Kurländisches Urkundenbuch nebst registen (Bunge编辑，1853-1857);PUB 1/1: Preussisches Urkundenbuch (Philippi ed. 1882);PUB 3/1: Preussisches Urkundenbuch (Hein编辑，1944)。图形抽象
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