Preventive Medicine Reports最新文献_第5页

Derived cannabinoid product availability among online vape shops 在线 vape 商店的衍生大麻素产品供应情况

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Preventive Medicine Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102910

Nora Satybaldiyeva , Raquel Harati , Tomas Mejorado , Nicolas Morales , Gustavo Benitez , Shannon E. Ellis , Karen Ferran , Eric C. Leas

Objectives

To determine the proportion of online vape shops that offer derived cannabinoid products in a large metropolitan area (San Diego, California), measure their compliance with state hemp regulations, and estimate whether these shops receive more website traffic compared to those that offered nicotine or tobacco.

Methods

We obtained vape shops (n = 109) using browser-based (i.e., Google Search) and map-based (i.e., Google Maps and Yelp) searches in San Diego from March to August 2023 and conducted a content analysis of their websites to identify derived cannabinoid products offered for mail-order purchasing. Using website traffic data, we examined the association between derived cannabinoid product availability and monthly website visits.

Results

Among the 109 online vape shops in the study sample, 35.8 % offered derived cannabinoid products for mail-order purchase and 26.6 % sold flavored (excluding terpenes) and inhalable cannabinoid products. Compared to vape shops that did not offer derived cannabinoid products (Mean: 23,619; 95 % CI: 23,605–23,634), those offering flavored and inhalable cannabinoid products received 2.5 times more monthly website visits (Mean: 57,950; 95 % CI: 57,913–57,986) and those offering any derived cannabinoid products received 5.5 times more monthly website visits (Mean: 130,694; 95 % CI: 130,607–130,782).

Conclusion

The prevalence of flavored and inhalable derived cannabinoid products, despite being prohibited under California’s hemp regulations, highlights the need for additional enforcement measures to ensure retailer compliance. The higher website traffic observed among vape shops offering cannabinoid products may be indicative of greater popularity of retailers selling derived cannabinoid products compared to those selling nicotine or tobacco products alone.

目标确定在一个大都市地区（加利福尼亚州圣迭戈市）提供大麻衍生产品的在线 Vape 商店的比例，衡量它们遵守州大麻法规的情况，并估计与提供尼古丁或烟草的商店相比，这些商店是否获得了更多的网站流量、谷歌搜索）和地图（即谷歌地图和 Yelp）搜索，获得了 2023 年 3 月至 8 月期间圣迭戈的 Vape 商店（n = 109 家），并对其网站进行了内容分析，以确定提供邮购的衍生大麻产品。结果在研究样本中的 109 家在线 vape 商店中，35.8% 提供供邮购的衍生大麻素产品，26.6% 出售风味（不包括萜类）和可吸入大麻素产品。与不提供衍生大麻素产品的 Vape 商店相比（平均值：23 619；95 % CI：23 605-23 634），提供风味和可吸入大麻素产品的 Vape 商店每月网站访问量增加 2.5 倍（平均值：57 950；95 % CI：57 913-57 986），提供任何衍生大麻素产品的 Vape 商店每月网站访问量增加 5.结论尽管加利福尼亚州的大麻法规禁止提供风味和可吸入衍生大麻素产品，但这些产品的盛行凸显了采取额外执法措施以确保零售商合规的必要性。在提供大麻素产品的 Vape 商店中观察到的较高网站流量可能表明，与仅销售尼古丁或烟草产品的零售商相比，销售大麻素衍生产品的零售商更受欢迎。

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引用次数: 0

Determinants of persistent smoking among breast cancer survivors 乳腺癌幸存者持续吸烟的决定因素

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Preventive Medicine Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102913

Kathleen Gali , Sita Aryal , Frederike Bokemeyer , Sabine Behrens , Petra Seibold , Nadia Obi , Heiko Becher , Jenny Chang-Claude

Introduction: While quitting cigarette smoking can improve cancer treatment outcomes, many cancer patients continue to smoke post-diagnosis. The aim of this study was to examine factors associated with persistent cigarette use in postmenopausal women diagnosed with breast cancer, a cancer not traditionally thought of as tobacco-related. Methods: We used data of breast cancer patients who were recruited into the MARIE Study (Mamma Carcinoma Risk Factor Investigation) in Germany between 2002 and 2005 and followed up in 2009. This analysis was based on 450 study participants who reported active cigarette smoking at the time of diagnosis and participated in the follow-up interview. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association of sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors, medical factors, and cancer treatment types with persistent smoking behavior. Results: At an average of 5.9 years (SD = 1.2) after diagnosis, 244 (54.2%) breast cancer survivors were still smoking cigarettes at follow-up. A longer duration of smoking (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01–1.06) and smoking on average ≥10 cigarettes per day (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.02–2.28) increased the likelihood of persistent smoking, whereas increasing age (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.90–0.97) and high engagement in leisure time physical activity (≥62 MET-hrs/wk: OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.32–0.98) were associated with quitting. Conclusion: Smoking cessation programs in cancer care are needed. Specifically for breast cancer patients, tobacco treatment plans that include physical activity may be particularly helpful in quitting smoking cigarettes.

导言：虽然戒烟可以改善癌症治疗效果，但许多癌症患者在确诊后仍继续吸烟。本研究旨在探讨绝经后妇女在确诊乳腺癌后继续吸烟的相关因素，传统上认为乳腺癌与烟草无关。研究方法我们使用了 2002 年至 2005 年间德国 MARIE 研究（妈妈癌风险因素调查）中招募的乳腺癌患者的数据，并在 2009 年进行了随访。这项分析基于 450 名在确诊时报告主动吸烟并参加了随访的研究参与者。通过逻辑回归分析，研究了社会人口学特征、健康行为、医疗因素和癌症治疗类型与持续吸烟行为的关系。结果显示在确诊后平均 5.9 年（SD = 1.2）的随访中，有 244 名（54.2%）乳腺癌幸存者仍在吸烟。较长的吸烟时间（OR = 1.04，95% CI = 1.01-1.06）和平均每天吸烟≥10支（OR = 1.52，95% CI = 1.02-2.28）增加了持续吸烟的可能性，而年龄的增加（OR = 0.94，95% CI = 0.90-0.97）和大量参与闲暇时间体育活动（≥62 MET-hrs/周：OR = 0.55，95% CI = 0.32-0.98）与戒烟有关。结论癌症治疗需要戒烟计划。特别是对于乳腺癌患者，包括体育锻炼在内的烟草治疗计划可能对戒烟特别有帮助。

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引用次数: 0

Factors associated with acquiring exercise habits through health guidance for metabolic syndrome among middle-aged Japanese workers: A machine learning approach 日本中年工人通过代谢综合征健康指导养成运动习惯的相关因素：机器学习方法

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Preventive Medicine Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102915

Jiawei Wan , Kyohsuke Wakaba , Takeshi Onoue , Kazuyo Tsushita , Yoshio Nakata

Objective

Physical inactivity increases the risk of mortality and chronic morbidity. Therefore, it is crucial to establish strategies to encourage individuals to increase their physical activity and develop exercise habits. The objective of this study was to explore factors associated with acquiring exercise habits using machine learning algorithms.

Methods

The analyzed dataset was obtained from the Specific Health Guidance for metabolic syndrome systematically implemented by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare. We selected target individuals for health guidance without exercise habits in 2017 and assessed whether the participants acquired exercise habits through health guidance in 2018. We applied ten machine learning algorithms to build prediction models for acquiring exercise habits.

Results

This study included 16,471 middle-aged Japanese workers (age, 49.5 ± 6.2 years). Among the machine learning algorithms, the Boosted Generalized Linear Model was the best for predicting the acquisition of exercise habits based on the receiver operating characteristic curve on the test set (ROC-AUC_test, 0.68). According to the analyses, the following factors were associated with the acquisition of exercise habits: being in the maintenance or action stage of changing exercise and eating behaviors based on the transtheoretical model; regular physical activity or walking; normal high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; and high alcohol consumption.

Conclusions

Our findings can be used to establish an efficient strategy for encouraging individuals to acquire exercise habits through Specific Health Guidance or other health guidance. However, the lower ROC-AUC_test suggests that additional variables are necessary to enhance the prediction model.

目标缺乏体育锻炼会增加死亡和慢性病发病的风险。因此，制定鼓励个人增加体育锻炼和养成锻炼习惯的策略至关重要。本研究的目的是利用机器学习算法探索与养成运动习惯相关的因素。方法分析数据集来自日本厚生劳动省系统实施的代谢综合征特定健康指导。我们在 2017 年选择了没有运动习惯的目标人群进行健康指导，并在 2018 年评估了参与者是否通过健康指导获得了运动习惯。我们应用十种机器学习算法建立了获得运动习惯的预测模型。结果本研究纳入了16471名日本中年工人（年龄为49.5 ± 6.2岁）。根据测试集的接收者操作特征曲线（ROC-AUCtest，0.68），在机器学习算法中，提升广义线性模型（Boosted Generalized Linear Model）在预测运动习惯的养成方面效果最佳。根据分析，以下因素与运动习惯的养成有关：根据跨理论模型，处于改变运动和饮食行为的维持或行动阶段；经常进行体育活动或步行；高密度脂蛋白胆固醇正常；以及饮酒量高。然而，较低的 ROC-AUC 检验表明，有必要增加其他变量来增强预测模型。

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引用次数: 0

A participatory method to develop human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine short video content for rural New York parents 采用参与式方法为纽约农村家长开发人类乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) 疫苗短视频内容

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Preventive Medicine Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102911

Kristin Pullyblank , Wendy Brunner , David Strogatz , Jennifer Manganello , Philip Massey

Purpose

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake is lower in rural areas, particularly for boys. The purpose of the study was to demonstrate how a participatory approach to developing a series of videos about the HPV vaccine better meets the informational needs of rural parents.

Methods

We recruited six rural parents to participate on a parent advisory board (PAB). The PAB met monthly spanning five months (n = 5 meetings) from February to May 2023. Each meeting focused on an element of video creation, including: 1) Providing feedback on existing HPV vaccine videos created by federal agencies and developing a tailored plan for local rural parents; 2) Providing feedback on the video plan so the study team could draft scripts; 3) Editing scripts; 4) Finalizing video concepts; and 5) Providing feedback to produced videos. Between meetings, parents completed tasks to facilitate the process, which also served as a way for parent input to be documented. We worked with a local, professional videographer to produce the videos. A local parent and a nurse practitioner were recruited as actors.

Results

Six one-minute videos were produced on the following topics: What is HPV?; Does the vaccine prevent cancer?; How does the vaccine work?; Is the vaccine safe?; Who should get the vaccine?; and Where can you go to get the vaccine? The PAB was essential in clarifying source, message, channel and receiver throughout the video creation process.

Conclusions

Engaging parents to co-create a series of one-minute videos supports HPV vaccine confidence efforts in rural areas.

目的农村地区的人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）疫苗接种率较低，尤其是男孩。本研究旨在展示如何通过参与式方法制作一系列有关 HPV 疫苗的视频，以更好地满足农村家长的信息需求。方法我们招募了六名农村家长参加家长咨询委员会（PAB）。从 2023 年 2 月到 5 月，家长咨询委员会每月召开一次会议，为期 5 个月（n = 5 次会议）。每次会议都集中讨论视频制作的一个要素，包括1) 就联邦机构制作的现有 HPV 疫苗视频提供反馈意见，并为当地农村家长量身定制计划；2) 就视频计划提供反馈意见，以便研究团队起草脚本；3) 编辑脚本；4) 最终确定视频概念；5) 对制作的视频提供反馈意见。在会议间隙，家长们会完成一些任务，以促进整个过程，这也是记录家长意见的一种方式。我们与当地的专业摄像师合作制作视频。结果我们制作了六段一分钟的视频，主题如下：什么是 HPV？什么是人乳头瘤病毒？疫苗能预防癌症吗？疫苗如何发挥作用？疫苗安全吗？谁应该接种疫苗？在整个视频制作过程中，家长咨询委员会在明确来源、信息、渠道和接收者方面发挥了至关重要的作用。结论让家长共同制作一系列一分钟的视频有助于提高农村地区对 HPV 疫苗的信心。

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引用次数: 0

Heterogeneity in disparities by income in cardiovascular risk factors across 209 US metropolitan areas 美国 209 个大都市地区心血管风险因素收入差距的异质性

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Preventive Medicine Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102908

John Kundrick , Heather Rollins , Pricila Mullachery , Asma Sharaf , Alina Schnake-Mahl , Ana V. Diez Roux , Usama Bilal

Objective

The United States has a lower life expectancy and wider income inequality than its similarly developed counterparts, and disparities continue to widen. The objective of our study is to examine the heterogeneity of disparities by income in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among U.S. metropolitan areas.

Methods

Data was obtained from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System for 2012–2019. We used self-reported data for respondent characteristics and for CVD risk factors/prevalence, and on metropolitan-level demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. We computed the relative index of inequality (RII) for each outcome using a multilevel Poisson model, sequentially adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity with a random slope for income. We also included interactions between income and the metropolitan-level variables.

Results

Our sample included 1.4 million participants from 209 metropolitan areas. All CVD risk factors and CVD demonstrated income-related disparities. There were no clear regional patterns for risk factors, though seven of the top 10 large metropolitan areas with the widest disparities in CVD prevalence were in the South. Improved socioeconomic conditions were associated with wider disparities in the five risk factors, and contextual variables explained almost half of the variability in income disparities in smoking, sedentarism, and obesity, even after adjusting for age, sex, and race/ethnicity.

Conclusions

This study found that CVD risk factors and prevalence in U.S. metropolitan areas have heterogeneous income disparities, especially in advantaged metropolitan areas. Further studies with improved data collection may shed more light into potential drivers of income-based disparities in cardiovascular risk.

目标与同等发达国家相比，美国人的预期寿命较低，收入不平等程度较高，而且差距还在继续扩大。我们的研究旨在探讨美国大都会地区之间心血管疾病（CVD）风险因素收入差异的异质性。方法数据来自行为风险因素监测系统 2012-2019 年的数据。我们使用了受访者特征和心血管疾病风险因素/患病率的自我报告数据，以及大都市一级的人口和社会经济特征。我们使用多层次泊松模型计算了每种结果的相对不平等指数（RII），并依次对年龄、性别和种族/人种进行了调整，对收入进行了随机斜率调整。我们的样本包括来自 209 个都市地区的 140 万参与者。所有心血管疾病风险因素和心血管疾病都表现出与收入相关的差异。尽管心血管疾病发病率差距最大的前 10 大城市区中有 7 个位于南方，但风险因素没有明显的地区模式。社会经济条件的改善与五个风险因素的差距扩大有关，即使在对年龄、性别和种族/人种进行调整后，环境变量也能解释吸烟、久坐不动和肥胖等收入差距中几乎一半的变化。通过改进数据收集，进一步的研究可能会更深入地揭示导致心血管风险收入差异的潜在因素。

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引用次数: 0

Engaging sexual minority adolescents in nationwide at-home HIV prevention research in the U.S 让性少数群体青少年参与美国全国范围的居家艾滋病预防研究

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Preventive Medicine Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102907

Ali J. Talan , Carly Wolfer , Nicola Tavella , Cynthia Cabral , Ricardo Despradel , H. Jonathon Rendina

Objectives

This study examined research-related privacy and confidentiality concerns among adolescent sexual minority males (ASMM) and provides lessons learned to inform recruitment and enrollment strategies for this population.

Methods

Participants were a 2017–2018 internet-based U.S. national sample of sexual minority adolescents who responded to self-report measures of privacy and confidentiality concerns. Results: Bivariate chi-square tests were used to identify participants’ mean differences in worry and likelihood of privacy breach occurrences. Many participants reported privacy-related concerns within remote HIV prevention research.

Conclusions

Study protocols were designed to ensure participants felt safe participating in online HIV prevention research. However, there are challenges to enroll participants with rigorous protocols for ensuring safety and privacy.

目标本研究调查了性少数群体青少年男性（ASMM）中与研究相关的隐私和保密问题，并为该人群的招募和注册策略提供了经验教训。方法参与者是 2017-2018 年基于互联网的美国全国性少数群体青少年样本，他们对隐私和保密问题的自我报告测量做出了回答。结果采用双变量卡方检验来确定参与者对隐私泄露事件的担忧和可能性的平均差异。许多参与者报告了远程艾滋病预防研究中与隐私相关的问题。然而，要通过严格的规程确保参与者的安全和隐私，在招募参与者方面还存在挑战。

引用次数: 0

Demographic variation in preferred sources for suicide prevention and mental health crisis services among U.S. adults 美国成年人首选自杀预防和心理健康危机服务来源的人口统计学差异

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Preventive Medicine Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102914

Jonathan Purtle , Amanda I. Mauri , Anna-Michelle Marie McSorley , Abigail Lin Adera , Matthew L. Goldman , Michael A. Lindsey

Introduction

Recent federal policy initiatives (e.g., 988 Lifeline, Certified Community Behavioral Health Clinics) aim to increase access to mental health crisis services. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and correlates of U.S. adults reporting being “very likely” to reach out to different sources if they/a loved one were experiencing suicidality or a mental health crisis.

Methods

A nationally representative Ipsos KnowledgePanel survey of 5,058 U.S. adults (response rate = 55.0 %) in English and Spanish was conducted in June 2023. Multivariable logistic regression models assessed the reported likelihood of reaching out to five different sources of support in a crisis, controlling for past 30-day psychological distress and demographic characteristics.

Results

One-in-four respondents (27.8 %; 95 % CI = 26.5 %, 29.0 %) were very likely to reach out to a crisis line and 33.6 % (95 % CI = 32.3 %, 34.9 %) were very likely to reach out to a mental health professional. A friend/family member was the most frequently identified source of support (44.7 %; 95 % CI = 43.4 %, 46.1 %). After adjustment, people of younger ages, male gender, and identifying as Republican had significantly lower odds of reporting being very likely to reach out to a crisis line and mental health professional. Black and Hispanic respondents had significantly higher odds of reporting being very likely to reach out to a crisis line and someone in their religious network than non-Hispanic Whites.

Conclusions

Most U.S. adults report not being very likely to reach out to a crisis line or mental health professional if experiencing suicidality/crisis, although variation across demographic groups exists.

导言最近的联邦政策倡议（如 988 生命线、认证社区行为健康诊所）旨在增加心理健康危机服务的可及性。本研究旨在确定美国成年人在其/或其亲人出现自杀倾向或心理健康危机时 "很有可能 "向不同渠道求助的普遍程度及其相关因素。研究方法于 2023 年 6 月对 5058 名美国成年人（回复率 = 55.0%）进行了具有全国代表性的 Ipsos KnowledgePanel 调查，调查语言为英语和西班牙语。结果四分之一的受访者（27.8 %; 95 % CI = 26.5 %, 29.0 %）非常有可能向危机热线求助，33.6 %（95 % CI = 32.3 %, 34.9 %）非常有可能向心理健康专家求助。朋友/家人是最常见的支持来源（44.7%；95% CI = 43.4%，46.1%）。经过调整后，年龄较小、性别为男性以及自称为共和党人的受访者表示非常有可能向危机热线和心理健康专家求助的几率明显较低。黑人和西班牙裔受访者表示很有可能向危机专线和宗教网络中的人求助的几率明显高于非西班牙裔白人。结论大多数美国成年人表示，如果遇到自杀/危机，他们不太可能向危机专线或心理健康专家求助，尽管不同人口群体之间存在差异。

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引用次数: 0

Hunger and housing: Economic disparities in current and daily tobacco use among high school students in the United States in 2021 饥饿与住房：2021 年美国高中生当前和日常烟草使用的经济差异

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Preventive Medicine Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102901

Dale S. Mantey , Kathryn M. Janda-Thomte , Adam C. Alexander , Onyinye Omega-Njemnobi , Steven H. Kelder

Introduction

Economic disparities in tobacco use and dependence are well-documented among adults but not adolescents. This study aims to examine economic disparities in patterns of tobacco use among a nationally representative sample of high school students in Spring 2021.

Methods

We analyzed data from n = 6750 US high school student via the 2021 Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey (ABES). We estimated the association between experiencing homelessness and food insecurity (analyzed independently) and current (past 30-day) and daily (all 30 days) use of four tobacco products (e-cigarettes; cigarettes; cigars; smokeless). Models controlled for sex, race/ethnicity, age, and sexual identity.

Results

Overall, ∼1.8 % experienced homelessness and 23.7 % experienced food insecurity. Experiencing homeless was significantly associated with greater odds of current use for e-cigarette (aOR: 3.43), cigarettes (aOR: 5.58), cigars (aOR: 10.47), and smokeless tobacco (aOR: 4.41) as well as greater risk for daily use of e-cigarettes (aOR: 2.66), cigarettes (aOR: 10.94), and cigars (aOR: 5.23) but not smokeless tobacco (aOR: 2.48; 95 %CI: 0.51–12.16). Food insecurity was significantly associated with greater odds of current use of e-cigarettes (aOR: 2.00), cigarettes (aOR: 2.15), and cigars (aOR: 2.44) but not smokeless (aOR: 1.04; 95 % CI: 0.56–1.93). No association was observed between food insecurity and daily tobacco use.

Conclusion

Substantial economic disparities in tobacco use were observed in a nationally representative sample of high school students. Interventions should consider prioritizing economic determinants of health during adolescence, including a focus on preventing youth tobacco use as well as addressing upstream determinants of homelessness and food insecurity.

导言成年人在烟草使用和依赖方面的经济差异已得到充分证实，但青少年的情况并非如此。本研究旨在研究2021年春季具有全国代表性的高中生样本中烟草使用模式的经济差异。方法我们通过2021年青少年行为和经历调查（ABES）分析了n = 6750名美国高中生的数据。我们估算了经历无家可归和食品不安全（独立分析）与当前（过去 30 天）和每日（所有 30 天）使用四种烟草产品（电子烟、香烟、雪茄、无烟）之间的关联。模型对性别、种族/民族、年龄和性别认同进行了控制。结果总体而言，1.8% 的人经历过无家可归，23.7% 的人经历过食物无保障。无家可归与目前使用电子烟（aOR：3.43）、香烟（aOR：5.58）、雪茄（aOR：10.47）和无烟烟草（aOR：4.41）的几率增加以及吸烟风险增加有明显关联。41）以及每天使用电子烟（aOR：2.66）、香烟（aOR：10.94）和雪茄（aOR：5.23）但不使用无烟烟草（aOR：2.48；95 %CI：0.51-12.16）的风险更大。粮食不安全与目前使用电子烟（aOR：2.00）、香烟（aOR：2.15）和雪茄（aOR：2.44）的几率增加有明显关系，但与无烟烟草（aOR：1.04；95 %CI：0.56-1.93）无关。结论在一个具有全国代表性的高中生样本中观察到烟草使用中存在巨大的经济差异。干预措施应考虑优先考虑青春期健康的经济决定因素，包括重点预防青少年吸烟以及解决无家可归和粮食不安全等上游决定因素。

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引用次数: 0

What is the role of leisure-time physical activity in the association between neighborhood environmental characteristics and hypertension in older adults? The EpiFloripa Aging Cohort study 闲暇时间的体育活动在邻里环境特征与老年人高血压之间的关系中起什么作用？EpiFloripa 老化队列研究

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Preventive Medicine Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102909

Viviane Nogueira de Zorzi , Francisco Timbó de Paiva Neto , Thamara Hubbler Figueiró , Danielle de Amaral Macedo , Lucas Gomes Alves , Willen Remon Tozetto , Eleonora d’Orsi , Cassiano Ricardo Rech

Background

Research suggests a link between the urban built environment and blood pressure, potentially mediated by physical activity. This study aims to investigate the relationship between perceived neighborhood characteristics and blood pressure in older adults, as well as the mediating role of walking in this relationship.

Methods

Data from the third wave of the EpiFloripa Aging Cohort Study in Florianopolis, Brazil (2017–2019; n = 1335) were used for this cross-sectional analysis. Blood pressure was measured using digital devices, and hypertension diagnosis relied on healthcare professionals’ information. The neighborhood environment was assessed with the Abbreviated Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale, while walking was evaluated with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Multilevel logistic regression analyzed the association between the neighborhood environment, blood pressure, and hypertension. Structural equation modeling assessed the mediation effect of walking.

Results

Hypertension prevalence was 85.3 %, with 69.0 % having objectively measured elevated blood pressure. Results showed that older adults perceiving better infrastructure for physical activity (OR: 0.88; CI: 0.78–0.99), increased safety in their neighborhood (OR: 0.88; CI: 0.79–0.99), traffic security (OR: 0.88; CI: 0.78–0.99) and better overall perception of the environment (OR: 0.73; IC: 0.55–0.98) had a lower likelihood of self-reported hypertension. The association between self-reported hypertension and overall perception of the environment was partially explained by leisure-time walking (β = -0.01; p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that public policies promoting the establishment of safe and supportive spaces for physical activity emerge as essential measures in the prevention and management of hypertension in older adults.

背景研究表明，城市建筑环境与血压之间存在联系，并可能通过体育锻炼来调节。本研究旨在调查老年人感知的邻里特征与血压之间的关系，以及步行在这种关系中的中介作用。方法本横断面分析使用了巴西弗洛里亚诺波利斯 EpiFloripa 老化队列研究第三波（2017-2019 年；n = 1335）的数据。血压使用数字设备测量，高血压诊断依据医疗专业人员提供的信息。邻里环境采用简略邻里环境可步行性量表进行评估，步行情况则采用国际体力活动问卷进行评估。多层次逻辑回归分析了邻里环境、血压和高血压之间的关系。结构方程模型评估了步行的中介效应。结果高血压患病率为 85.3%，其中 69.0%的人有客观测量的血压升高。结果显示，如果老年人认为体育锻炼的基础设施更好（OR：0.88；CI：0.78-0.99）、周围环境更安全（OR：0.88；CI：0.79-0.99）、交通更安全（OR：0.88；CI：0.78-0.99）以及对环境的整体感知更好（OR：0.73；IC：0.55-0.98），则自我报告高血压的可能性较低。我们的研究结果表明，促进建立安全和支持性体育活动场所的公共政策是预防和管理老年人高血压的基本措施。

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引用次数: 0

Global, regional, and national burden of soft tissue and extraosseous sarcomas from 1990 to 2021 1990 年至 2021 年软组织和骨外肉瘤的全球、地区和国家负担

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Preventive Medicine Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102903

Cheng Chen , Cheng Wang , ShiJie Li , Xu Zheng , YunFeng Yang

Objective

To conduct a comprehensive global epidemiological investigation of soft tissue and extraosseous sarcomas from 1990 to 2021 and uncover the demographic and geographical variations.

Methods

Incidence and death data of soft tissue and extraosseous sarcomas between 1990 and 2021 were derived from the Global Burden of Disease 2021. The estimated annual percentage change was calculated. The demographic patterns were analyzed in-depth based on age and gender.

Results

From 1990 to 2021, there was an increase in the number and crude rate of incidence and death of soft tissue and extraosseous sarcomas, while age-standardized rate declined. Males consistently exhibited a heavier burden compared to females. The incidence and death rates of soft tissue and extraosseous sarcomas generally increased with age, with a similar pattern in both males and females. Compared to 1990, the incidence rate among the elderly increased in 2021, while the incidence rate in children under 5 decreased, and there was little change in other age groups. The death rate among children and the elderly has decreased, while little change in other age groups has been observed.

Conclusions

The disease burden of soft tissue and extraosseous sarcomas remains a critical challenge. Data-driven analysis is crucial for guiding clinical practice, informing public health policies, and shaping future research agendas.

方法从《2021 年全球疾病负担》（Global Burden of Disease 2021）中获取 1990 年至 2021 年间软组织肉瘤和骨外肉瘤的发病和死亡数据。计算了估计的年度百分比变化。结果从 1990 年到 2021 年，软组织肉瘤和骨外肉瘤的发病和死亡数量及粗死亡率均有所上升，而年龄标准化比率则有所下降。与女性相比，男性的负担一直较重。软组织肉瘤和骨外肉瘤的发病率和死亡率通常随着年龄的增长而增加，男性和女性的情况类似。与 1990 年相比，2021 年老年人的发病率有所上升，而 5 岁以下儿童的发病率有所下降，其他年龄组的发病率变化不大。结论软组织肉瘤和骨外肉瘤的疾病负担仍然是一个严峻的挑战。数据驱动的分析对于指导临床实践、为公共卫生政策提供信息以及制定未来的研究议程至关重要。

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