Preventive Medicine Reports最新文献_第5页

Age-specific measles immunity among health care personnel during an epidemic (2018) in Slovakia: Comparison with national immunological survey data 斯洛伐克疫情期间（2018年）卫生保健人员年龄特异性麻疹免疫：与国家免疫调查数据的比较

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Preventive Medicine Reports

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.103371

I. Urbančíková , Z. Paraličová , Š. Zamba , M. Halánová , E. Hatalová

Objective

This study assessed age-specific measles immunity in healthcare professionals who were at risk of occupational infection during the 2018 measles epidemic in Slovakia. The goal was to identify measles-susceptible age groups and to compare findings with the 2018 National Immunological Survey.

Methods

Data from 546 healthcare professionals at the Children's Faculty Hospital in Košice, Slovakia, were collected from September to December 2018. Based on epidemiological history, the cohort of healthcare professionals was categorized into measles-immune and measles-susceptible groups. Samples from measles-susceptible healthcare professionals were analyzed for measles IgG antibodies.

Results

Of the 546 healthcare professionals at risk of occupational infection, 294 (53.8 %) were classified as measles-susceptible. Seropositivity was detected in 252 (85.7 %) healthcare professionals; 33 (11.2 %) were seronegative, and nine (3.1 %) yielded equivocal results. The lowest age-specific immunity rates within the measles-susceptible cohort were found in the 30–34 years (61.5 %) and 35–39 years (69.1 %) age groups. This corresponds to the lowest seropositivity (68.3 %) observed in the 35–39 age group in the 2018 National Immunological Survey.

Conclusion

The low measles immunity observed in specific adult cohorts highlights the need for routine serological screening and targeted re-vaccination of susceptible individuals, particularly among healthcare professionals in high-risk hospital settings.

目的本研究评估斯洛伐克2018年麻疹流行期间有职业感染风险的卫生保健专业人员的年龄特异性麻疹免疫力。目的是确定麻疹易感年龄组，并将调查结果与2018年全国免疫学调查结果进行比较。方法收集2018年9月至12月斯洛伐克Košice儿童学院医院546名医护人员的数据。根据流行病学史，将卫生保健专业人员队列分为麻疹免疫组和麻疹易感组。对麻疹易感卫生保健专业人员的样本进行麻疹IgG抗体分析。结果546名职业感染高危医务人员中，294人（53.8%）为麻疹易感人群。252名（85.7%）卫生保健专业人员检测到血清阳性；33例（11.2%）血清阴性，9例（3.1%）结果模棱两可。在麻疹易感人群中，年龄特异性免疫率最低的是30-34岁年龄组（61.5%）和35-39岁年龄组（69.1%）。这与2018年全国免疫调查中35-39岁年龄组的血清阳性率最低（68.3%）相对应。结论在特定成人人群中观察到的低麻疹免疫力突出了对易感个体进行常规血清学筛查和有针对性地重新接种疫苗的必要性，特别是在高风险医院的卫生保健专业人员中。

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引用次数: 0

A survey to understand the experience, perceptions, and stigma around menopause among African American women 一项旨在了解非裔美国妇女更年期的经历、观念和耻辱的调查

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Preventive Medicine Reports

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.103341

Meaghan Krohe , Pamela D. Price , Danielle Simeone , Liv Gagne , Deanna D. King , Pernessa C. Seele

Objective

This survey (September–October 2022) sought deeper understanding of menopause experiences, perceptions, and unmet needs among African American women.

Methods

Participants were perimenopausal or had transitioned through menopause, resided in the United States, assigned female at birth, aged 40–69 years, African American, and reported menopause symptoms in the past 30 days.

Results

The survey was completed by 334 African American women (mean age 55 years). Common symptoms were night sweats (94%, n = 314), hot flashes (93%, n = 310), and vaginal dryness (87%, n = 291). Most reported symptoms lasting ≥9 years (81%, n = 270) and occurring daily (69%, n = 230). Participants believed African American women experience more frequent hot flashes over more years compared with other racial/ethnic groups. Participants believed society discriminates against menopause (82%, n = 274); 87% (n = 290) did not feel supported, with 85% (n = 285) seeking more healthcare provider support and 89% (n = 296) reporting prayer helped cope with symptoms. Solutions to reduce discrimination included seeing everyday women share experiences (87%, n = 263) and educating younger women (77%, n = 233) and men (76%, n = 231).

Conclusions

African American women experience bothersome menopause symptoms and societal stigma. Education and greater access to trusted, female, African American healthcare providers may improve health status and help overcome health disparities in menopause.

本调查（2022年9月至10月）旨在深入了解非裔美国妇女的更年期经历、观念和未满足的需求。方法研究对象为围绝经期或绝经过渡期，居住在美国，出生时被指定为女性，年龄40-69岁，非裔美国人，在过去30天内报告有更年期症状。结果调查对象为334名非裔美国女性（平均年龄55岁）。常见症状为盗汗（94%,n = 314）、潮热（93%,n = 310）和阴道干燥（87%,n = 291）。大多数报告的症状持续≥9年（81%,n = 270），每天发生（69%,n = 230）。参与者认为，与其他种族/族裔群体相比，非洲裔美国女性在更长时间内更频繁地经历潮热。参与者认为社会歧视更年期（82%,n = 274）；87% （n = 290）的患者感觉得不到支持，85% （n = 285）的患者寻求更多医疗服务提供者的支持，89% （n = 296）的患者报告祈祷有助于应对症状。减少歧视的解决方案包括让日常女性分享经验（87%,n = 263）和教育年轻女性（77%,n = 233）和男性（76%,n = 231）。结论非裔美国妇女经历了令人烦恼的更年期症状和社会耻辱感。教育和更多获得值得信赖的女性非裔美国人医疗保健提供者的机会可能会改善健康状况，并有助于克服更年期的健康差异。

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引用次数: 0

Changes in geographic drive time access to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in the United States, 2017 to 2025 2017年至2025年美国暴露前预防（PrEP）的地理驱动时间变化

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Preventive Medicine Reports

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.103367

Noah Mancuso , Kevin Weiss , Aaron J. Siegler , Patrick S. Sullivan

Objective

Assess current drive times to the nearest pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) provider in each county in the contiguous United States (US) and examine changes since the last analysis (2017).

Methods

PrEP provider data were obtained from PrEPLocator.org in March 2025. Geospatial analyses calculated one-way drive times from population-weighted county centroids to the nearest provider. Counties with drive times >30 min were defined as PrEP deserts. Linear regression assessed variation in drive times by urbanicity and region, adjusting for median income, small-area population estimates of men who have sex with men (MSM), and proportion of racial/ethnic minority populations.

Results

In 2025, median drive time was 30.2 min, increasing with decreasing urbanicity (p < 0.05). Half of counties were PrEP deserts, accounting for 36 million residents and 4 % of PrEP-eligible MSM. Drive times in micropolitan/non-core counties were 5–8 times higher than in large metro counties. Between 2017 and 2025, the US South had the largest relative reduction in drive time: however, relative changes did not significantly differ by urbanicity.

Conclusions

While PrEP access has improved nationally, important geographic disparities remain. Programs and policies must prioritize expanding access to PrEP to less urban areas to end the HIV epidemic in the US.

目的评估目前在美国相邻的每个县驱车前往最近的暴露前预防（PrEP）提供者的次数，并检查自上次分析（2017年）以来的变化。方法sprep提供者数据于2025年3月从PrEPLocator.org网站获取。地理空间分析计算了从人口加权县中心点到最近的供应商的单程驾驶时间。开车时间为30分钟的县被定义为PrEP沙漠。线性回归评估了城市和地区驾车时间的变化，调整了收入中位数、小地区男男性行为者（MSM）的人口估计值以及种族/少数民族人口的比例。结果2025年，驾车时间中位数为30.2 min，随城市化程度的降低而增加（p < 0.05）。一半的县是PrEP沙漠，占3600万居民和4%符合PrEP条件的男男性行为者。小城市/非核心县的开车时间是大城市县的5-8倍。在2017年至2025年期间，美国南部的驾驶时间相对减少幅度最大：然而，相对变化并没有因城市而有显著差异。结论虽然PrEP的可及性在全国范围内有所改善，但重要的地理差异仍然存在。计划和政策必须优先考虑将预防措施扩大到城市较少的地区，以结束美国的艾滋病毒流行。

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引用次数: 0

Etiologic spectrum and diagnostic gaps of spinal infections: a cross-sectional study in Qingdao, China 脊髓感染的病因谱和诊断差距：中国青岛的横断面研究

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Preventive Medicine Reports

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.103366

Hui Wang , Xiaxia Chen , Zhaohui Li , Jinchao Pang , Ting Wang , Jinping Sun

Objective

Spinal infections drive global morbidity; however, accurate pathogen detection remains poor. We aimed to profile pathogens in local patients with spinal infections and assess pre-referral identification rates for different spinal infections.

Methods

This retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary referral center in Qingdao, China, among adult patients with spinal infections admitted between December 2012 and December 2024. After approval from the relevant ethics committee, data were extracted from 181 culture-positive patients. Demographics, clinical features, history, and diagnostic methods were reviewed; infections were classified; and accurate pathogen identification rates were calculated.

Results

Among the 181 participants, pyogenic spondylitis, brucellar spondylitis, tuberculous spondylitis, and fungal spondylitis accounted for 44.20 %, 35.91 %, 15.47 %, and 4.42 %, respectively. After excluding 64 patients initially diagnosed at our hospital, pre-referral accuracies were 12.50 %, 0 %, 9.76 %, and 25.00 % for pyogenic spondylitis, tuberculous spondylitis, brucellar spondylitis, and fungal spondylitis, respectively. The predominant pyogenic organisms identified were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, other Staphylococcus spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus gallolyticus, Bacteroides fragilis, and Enterococcus faecium. Aspergillus accounted for 75.00 % of fungal cases.

Conclusion

Delays exist in pathogen detection in spinal infections, highlighting the urgency need to improve conventional microbiological techniques and raise clinical awareness.

目的：呼吸道感染驱动全球发病率；然而，准确的病原体检测仍然很差。我们的目的是分析当地脊柱感染患者的病原体，并评估不同脊柱感染的转诊前识别率。方法本回顾性横断面研究在中国青岛的一家三级转诊中心进行，研究对象为2012年12月至2024年12月住院的脊柱感染成年患者。经相关伦理委员会批准后，从181例培养阳性患者中提取数据。回顾了人口统计学、临床特征、病史和诊断方法；对感染进行分类；并计算准确的病原菌检出率。结果181例参与者中，化脓性脊柱炎、布鲁氏菌性脊柱炎、结核性脊柱炎和真菌性脊柱炎分别占44.20%、35.91%、15.47%和4.42%。在排除64例首次在我院确诊的患者后，化脓性脊柱炎、结核性脊柱炎、布鲁氏杆菌性脊柱炎和真菌性脊柱炎的转诊前准确率分别为12.50%、0%、9.76%和25.00%。主要病原菌为大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、其他葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、溶胆链球菌、脆弱拟杆菌和粪肠球菌。曲霉菌占真菌病例的75.00%。结论脊柱感染病原菌检测存在滞后，急需改进常规微生物检测技术，提高临床意识。

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引用次数: 0

More relevant than ever: Celebrating a decade of Preventive Medicine Reports 比以往任何时候都更有意义：庆祝预防医学报告十年

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Preventive Medicine Reports

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.103339

Eduardo L. Franco

引用次数: 0

Patterns of weight loss attempts and clinically significant weight loss among US adolescents and adults: analysis of NHANES 2021–2023 美国青少年和成人减肥尝试和临床显著减肥模式：NHANES 2021-2023分析

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Preventive Medicine Reports

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2026.103375

Yuping Zou , Guang Xiong , Ligang Liu

Objective

Obesity remains a major public health challenge in the United States. We estimated the prevalence of weight loss attempts and clinically significant weight loss (CWL) among US adolescents and adults, and to assess associations with age, sex, race/ethnicity, and BMI.

Methods

We analyzed National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data collected from 2021 to 2023. The analytic sample included 6308 participants aged ≥16 years. We assessed past-year weight loss attempt (yes/no) and CWL (≥5 % and ≥10 %) using measured current weight and self-reported weight 1 year earlier. Weighted estimates accounted for NHANES complex sampling; multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and BMI category.

Results

47.4 % reported attempting weight loss, with differences by age (P < 0.01), sex (P < 0.01), and BMI (P < 0.01), but not race/ethnicity (P = 0.22). Among those attempting weight loss, 28.2 % achieved ≥5 % while 12.9 % achieved ≥10 % weight loss. Adolescents showed the highest prevalence of achieving ≥10 % weight loss (15.8 %; P = 0.02). Overweight and obesity were strongly associated with attempts (adjusted odds ratios, aOR 3.20 and 6.60), and females had higher odds than males (aOR 1.96).

Conclusions

While weight loss attempts are prevalent, CWL is achieved by a minority, demonstrating the need for effective, equitable obesity treatment and prevention strategies.

在美国，肥胖仍然是一个主要的公共卫生挑战。我们估计了美国青少年和成年人尝试减肥和临床显著减肥（CWL）的流行程度，并评估了年龄、性别、种族/民族和BMI之间的关系。方法分析美国国家健康与营养调查（NHANES）于2021 - 2023年收集的数据。分析样本包括6308名年龄≥16岁的参与者。我们使用测量的当前体重和1年前的自我报告体重评估过去一年的减肥尝试（是/否）和CWL（≥5%和≥10%）。加权估计占NHANES复杂抽样；结果47.4%的受访者表示尝试过减肥，存在年龄（P < 0.01）、性别（P < 0.01）和体重指数（P < 0.01）差异，但种族/民族无差异（P = 0.22）。在尝试减肥的人群中，28.2%的人体重减轻了≥5%，12.9%的人体重减轻了≥10%。青少年体重减轻≥10%的比例最高（15.8%,P = 0.02）。超重和肥胖与自杀未遂密切相关（调整比值比，aOR为3.20和6.60），女性自杀未遂的几率高于男性（aOR为1.96）。结论：虽然减肥的尝试很普遍，但CWL是少数人实现的，这表明需要有效、公平的肥胖治疗和预防策略。

{"title":"Patterns of weight loss attempts and clinically significant weight loss among US adolescents and adults: analysis of NHANES 2021–2023","authors":"Yuping Zou , Guang Xiong , Ligang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2026.103375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2026.103375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Obesity remains a major public health challenge in the United States. We estimated the prevalence of weight loss attempts and clinically significant weight loss (CWL) among US adolescents and adults, and to assess associations with age, sex, race/ethnicity, and BMI.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data collected from 2021 to 2023. The analytic sample included 6308 participants aged ≥16 years. We assessed past-year weight loss attempt (yes/no) and CWL (≥5 % and ≥10 %) using measured current weight and self-reported weight 1 year earlier. Weighted estimates accounted for NHANES complex sampling; multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and BMI category.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>47.4 % reported attempting weight loss, with differences by age (<em>P</em> < 0.01), sex (P < 0.01), and BMI (P < 0.01), but not race/ethnicity (<em>P</em> = 0.22). Among those attempting weight loss, 28.2 % achieved ≥5 % while 12.9 % achieved ≥10 % weight loss. Adolescents showed the highest prevalence of achieving ≥10 % weight loss (15.8 %; <em>P</em> = 0.02). Overweight and obesity were strongly associated with attempts (adjusted odds ratios, aOR 3.20 and 6.60), and females had higher odds than males (aOR 1.96).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>While weight loss attempts are prevalent, CWL is achieved by a minority, demonstrating the need for effective, equitable obesity treatment and prevention strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38066,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Medicine Reports","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 103375"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Social determinants of stroke prevalence in the United States adults: Analysis of 42 states using behavioral risk factor surveillance system 2022 data 美国成年人中风患病率的社会决定因素：使用行为风险因素监测系统2022数据对42个州进行分析

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Preventive Medicine Reports

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.103363

Minhazul Abedin , Fazlay S. Faruque , Thomas Dobbs , Benjamin H. Walker

Objective

Social determinants of health (SDOH) significantly influence stroke outcomes and impose substantial cost burdens on the US health system. This study examined the composite effect of SDOH on prevalent stroke beyond clinical factors, highlighting comorbidity and structural inequalities using a statewide representative survey.

Methods

232,155 adults across 42 U.S. states were analyzed using the 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). A composite index of SDOH was developed based on adverse exposures. A series of logistic regression models adjusting for sociodemographic, behavioral, and health-related covariates estimated the association between the SDOH index and prevalent stroke. An additional model examined the comorbid conditions. Weighted estimates were used, with 95 % CI and a significance level of p < 0.05.

Results

The age-adjusted prevalence ranged from 3.44 % among those with one adverse SDOH to 9.03 % among those with four or more exposures. Four or more SDOH were associated with prevalent stroke (OR: 1.44, 95 % CI: 1.23, 1.68) in the fully adjusted logistic regression model. Multimorbidity was associated with 3.52 times higher odds of prevalent stroke (95 % CI: 3.11, 3.98).

Conclusion

Adverse exposures to ≥4 SDOH significantly predicted prevalent stroke among U.S. adults. Addressing causal pathways involving multimorbidity in the SDOH-stroke relationship is critical for targeted interventions.

健康的社会决定因素（SDOH）显著影响脑卒中结局，并给美国卫生系统带来巨大的成本负担。本研究通过一项全州代表性调查，考察了SDOH在临床因素之外对流行卒中的综合影响，强调了合并症和结构不平等。方法使用2022年行为风险因素监测系统（BRFSS）对美国42个州的232155名成年人进行了分析。基于不良暴露建立了SDOH综合指数。一系列的逻辑回归模型调整了社会人口学、行为和健康相关协变量，估计了SDOH指数与流行卒中之间的关联。另一个模型检查了合并症。采用加权估计，CI为95%，显著性水平为p <； 0.05。结果1次不良SDOH的年龄校正患病率为3.44%，4次及以上不良SDOH的年龄校正患病率为9.03%。在完全调整的logistic回归模型中，4例或以上SDOH与卒中发生率相关（or: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.23, 1.68）。多病与3.52倍的卒中发生率相关（95% CI: 3.11, 3.98）。结论：不良暴露于≥4 SDOH可显著预测美国成人卒中流行。解决sdoh -卒中关系中涉及多发病的因果通路对于有针对性的干预至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Preventive Medicine Reports

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.103355

Zhen Zhang , Wesley Q. Zhang , Masoumeh Karimi , Xiaoshan Z. Gordy , Lei Zhang

Objective

This study aims to examine the prevalence and trends of violence-related behaviors on school property among high school students in Mississippi as compared to the United States (U.S.) using the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) data.

Methods

This study utilized U.S. and Mississippi YRBSS 2001–2021 data downloaded from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) public domain. Prevalence difference and prevalence ratio were calculated. Logistic regression models were applied to detect linear or higher-dimensional trends. Log-odds ratios for each variable were estimated as a function of time (year), time in quadratic terms, and time in cubic terms, respectively.

Results

Higher prevalence rates of weapon carrying, being threatened or injured with a weapon, and engaging in physical fights on school property were shown in male and Hispanic students. Ninth graders exhibited a higher prevalence of being in a physical fight when compared to 12th graders. Additionally, Mississippi had no significant reduction in such behaviors over 20 years despite the declining trends in the country.

Conclusion

This study emphasizes the urgency for targeted violence prevention strategies in Mississippi. Multisectoral approaches, including school-based programs, community involvement, and increased mental health services, can be considered to address these issues.

目的：本研究旨在利用青少年风险行为监测系统（YRBSS）的数据，研究密西西比州高中生在学校财产上暴力相关行为的流行程度和趋势，并与美国进行比较。方法本研究利用从美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）公共领域下载的美国和密西西比州YRBSS 2001-2021数据。计算患病率差异和患病率比。逻辑回归模型用于检测线性或高维趋势。每个变量的对数比值比分别作为时间（年）、二次项时间和三次项时间的函数进行估计。结果男性和西班牙裔学生携带武器、受到武器威胁或伤害、在校园里打架的发生率较高。与12年级的学生相比，9年级学生更容易发生肢体冲突。此外，密西西比州在过去的20年里，尽管这种行为在全国呈下降趋势，但并没有显著减少。结论本研究强调了密西西比州制定针对性暴力预防策略的紧迫性。可以考虑采取多部门办法，包括以学校为基础的方案、社区参与和增加精神卫生服务，来解决这些问题。

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引用次数: 0

Cigarette purchasing behaviors and financial burden of cigarette spending after a major tobacco tax increase in California: A descriptive analysis of household panel data 加州烟草税大幅增加后的卷烟购买行为和卷烟消费的经济负担：对家庭面板数据的描述性分析

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Preventive Medicine Reports

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.103352

Dian Gu , Hai-Yen Sung , Tingting Yao , Yingning Wang , Courtney Keeler , Wendy Max

Objective

To examine the longitudinal patterns in cigarette purchasing behaviors and financial burden of cigarette spending among California households following the implementation of Proposition 56, which increased cigarette excise taxes by $2-per-pack in April 2017.

Methods

Using longitudinal NielsenIQ Consumer Panel data, we identified a cohort of 2324 California households that participated continuously from 2016 through 2022. We compared outcomes — cigarette purchasing behaviors and financial burden of cigarette spending — from the 2016 baseline to each follow-up year and the 5-year average during 2018–2022 (post-implementation), both overall and by income group.

Results

In 2016, 10.6 % of California households purchased cigarettes; this percentage declined steadily to 4.2 % in 2022 (p < 0.01). The reduction over five years was significantly smaller among low-income households compared to middle-income (2.1 % vs. 5.1 %, p < 0.01) and high-income groups (2.1 % vs. 3.8 %, p < 0.01). Among low-income households that continued purchasing cigarettes, annual cigarette spending increased from $651 at baseline to $1053 in 2021 (p = 0.04) and $1343 in 2022 (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

The percentage of California households purchasing cigarettes declined across all income groups over five years after Proposition 56, with the smallest declines among low-income households. In this group, annual cigarette spending increased significantly in the fourth and fifth post-implementation years.

目的研究2017年4月实施第56号提案后，加州家庭卷烟购买行为的纵向模式和卷烟支出的经济负担。该提案将每包卷烟消费税提高了2美元。方法使用纵向尼尔森智商消费者小组数据，我们确定了2324个加州家庭的队列，这些家庭从2016年到2022年连续参与。我们比较了从2016年基线到每个后续年以及2018-2022年（实施后）的5年平均值的总体和收入群体的结果——卷烟购买行为和卷烟支出的经济负担。结果2016年，10.6%的加州家庭购买了卷烟；这一比例在2022年稳步下降至4.2% （p < 0.01）。与中等收入家庭（2.1%对5.1%,p < 0.01）和高收入群体（2.1%对3.8%,p < 0.01）相比，低收入家庭在五年内的减少幅度要小得多。在继续购买卷烟的低收入家庭中，年卷烟支出从基线时的651美元增加到2021年的1053美元（p = 0.04）和2022年的1343美元（p < 0.01）。在第56号提案之后的5年里，加州所有收入群体购买香烟的家庭比例都有所下降，其中低收入家庭的下降幅度最小。在这一组中，年度卷烟支出在实施后的第四年和第五年显著增加。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of a telephone intervention on breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening: A meta-analysis 电话干预对乳腺癌、宫颈癌和结直肠癌筛查的影响：一项荟萃分析

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Preventive Medicine Reports

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.103365

Wei-Lun Huang , I-Mei Lin , Wan-Ting Huang , Sheng-Yu Fan

Objective

This meta-analysis aimed to explore the effects of telephone interventions on screening behavior for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers.

Methods

PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature were searched from inception to June 2024 using keywords related to telephone, cancer screening, uptake, and randomized controlled trial. Characteristics of the study, participants, interventions, and outcomes were then extracted.

Results

A total of 72 articles were deemed eligible, 43.06% were published before 2010, and 94.44% had a low risk of overall bias. The telephone group was 2.05 (95% CI: 1.81, 2.32) times more likely to undergo cancer screening than the control group, which received regular care without telephone or letter. The results were similar across the three cancer screenings, as well as for telephone reminders and counseling. The telephone-only or telephone and letter group were 1.45 (95% CI: 1.27, 1.66) and 1.56 (95% CI: 1.39, 1.74) times more likely to undergo cancer screening than the letter group, respectively.

Conclusions

Telephone interventions can improve breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening compared to no intervention. The impact of new technologies on population-based reminders requires further evaluation.

目的本荟萃分析旨在探讨电话干预对乳腺癌、宫颈癌和结直肠癌筛查行为的影响。方法检索spubmed、Web of Science、Embase和护理与相关健康文献累积索引（Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature），检索时间为成立至2024年6月，检索关键词为电话、癌症筛查、吸收、随机对照试验。然后提取研究的特征、参与者、干预措施和结果。结果入选文献72篇，2010年以前发表的文献占43.06%，总体偏倚风险低的文献占94.44%。电话组接受癌症筛查的可能性是对照组的2.05倍（95% CI: 1.81, 2.32），对照组接受常规护理，没有电话或信件。三种癌症筛查、电话提醒和咨询的结果都是相似的。仅使用电话或电话和信件组接受癌症筛查的可能性分别是信件组的1.45倍（95% CI: 1.27, 1.66）和1.56倍（95% CI: 1.39, 1.74）。结论电话干预与不干预相比，可以提高乳腺癌、宫颈癌和结直肠癌的筛查水平。新技术对基于人群的提醒的影响需要进一步评估。

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引用次数: 0