Preventive Medicine Reports最新文献_第4页

Public acceptability and anticipated uptake of risk-stratified bowel cancer screening in the UK: An online survey 英国公众对风险分级肠癌筛查的接受程度和预期接受率：在线调查

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Preventive Medicine Reports

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102927

Lily C. Taylor, Rebecca A. Dennison, Juliet A. Usher-Smith

Objective

This study aimed to quantify public acceptability and anticipated uptake with risk stratification incorporated at three points on the bowel cancer screening pathway, compared with current screening in England.

Methods

We conducted an online population-based survey of 1,203 UK adults in 2024. The main outcome measures were overall acceptability of three strategies where risk stratification is introduced at 1) the point of eligibility, 2) the referral threshold and 3) the screening interval, compared with the current programme (screening as usual), and the acceptability of high- and low-risk screening practices at each point. Other outcomes included anticipated uptake of screening and the acceptability of data collection methods.

Results

Acceptability of risk-stratified eligibility and referral thresholds was significantly greater than for screening as usual (p < 0.001). There was no difference for stratified intervals. At all three points, more intense screening for those at high-risk was more acceptable and less intense screening for those at low-risk less acceptable when compared with screening as usual (p < 0.0001). The anticipated likelihood of taking up screening was also significantly higher if at high-risk and significantly lower if at low-risk, compared with screening as usual for all strategies (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Participants expressed strong acceptability for risk-stratified bowel cancer screening, particularly for risk-stratified eligibility and thresholds for referral. However, acceptability for less intense screening for those at low-risk was lower than for the current programme and may negatively impact uptake. This suggests that the design and framing of risk groups requires careful consideration and communication with the public.

Patient and public contribution

Three members of the public contributed through online correspondence to the development of the survey and participant-facing documents.

本研究旨在量化公众对在肠癌筛查路径的三个点上纳入风险分层的接受度和预期接受率，并与英格兰目前的筛查情况进行比较。方法我们在 2024 年对 1203 名英国成年人进行了基于人口的在线调查。主要结果指标是：与现行计划（照常筛查）相比，在 1）合格点、2）转诊阈值和 3）筛查间隔点引入风险分层的三种策略的总体可接受性，以及每个点的高风险和低风险筛查做法的可接受性。其他结果包括筛查的预期接受率和数据收集方法的可接受性。结果风险分层资格和转诊阈值的可接受性明显高于照常筛查（p < 0.001）。分层间隔没有差异。与常规筛查相比，在所有三点上，对高风险人群进行更密集筛查的可接受性更高，而对低风险人群进行较低强度筛查的可接受性较低（p < 0.0001）。与所有策略下的常规筛查相比，高风险人群接受筛查的预期可能性明显较高，而低风险人群接受筛查的预期可能性明显较低（p < 0.0001）。然而，低风险人群对筛查强度较低的接受度低于现行计划，这可能会对筛查率产生负面影响。患者和公众的贡献三位公众通过在线通信为调查和面向参与者的文件的开发做出了贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Association of racism experience with gun purchase during COVID-19: Evidence from a national survey in the United States 在 COVID-19 期间，种族主义经历与购枪之间的关联：来自美国全国调查的证据

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Preventive Medicine Reports

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102926

Dejun Su , Khalid Alshehri , Brooke Lawson

Objective

Concurrent with a substantial surge in gun purchases among Americans during COVID-19, there was an escalation of racism and hate crimes in the United States. Despite this disturbing trend, little is known about whether and the extent to which racism experience is linked to gun purchase during the pandemic. This study aims to examine the association between experience of racial discrimination and gun purchase among Americans during COVID-19.

Methods

Based on data from the Health, Ethnicity, and Pandemic Survey (n = 2,584), a national survey conducted in the U.S. in October 2020, chi-square tests and logistic regressions were estimated to examine the association between racism experience and gun purchase during COVID-19 with and without controlling for selected covariates.

Results

About 6.9 % of the sample reported gun purchases during COVID-19. Among respondents who reported experience of racism, 18.3 % purchased a gun as compared to 5.8 % among those who did not report experience of racism. Relative to respondents with no experience of racism, the odds of gun purchase for those who reported racism experience became 257 % as much (AOR = 2.57, 95 % CI: 1.63, 4.04) after controlling for other covariates in the analysis. Non-Hispanic Blacks were more likely to report gun purchases than non-Hispanic Whites (AOR = 1.80, 95 % CI: 1.04, 3.10).

Conclusions

Americans who reported experience of racism during COVID-19 were far more likely to purchase a gun than those otherwise. These findings elevate the need for addressing racism as an important risk factor of firearm violence.

目标在 COVID-19 期间，美国人购买枪支的数量激增，与此同时，美国的种族主义和仇恨犯罪也在升级。尽管出现了这种令人不安的趋势，但人们对种族主义经历是否以及在多大程度上与大流行病期间的购枪行为有关却知之甚少。本研究旨在研究 COVID-19 期间美国人遭受种族歧视的经历与购枪之间的关联。方法基于 2020 年 10 月在美国进行的一项全国性调查--健康、种族和大流行病调查（n = 2,584 人）的数据，通过卡方检验和逻辑回归估计，研究 COVID-19 期间在控制和不控制选定协变量的情况下，种族主义经历与购枪之间的关联。结果约 6.9% 的样本报告在 COVID-19 期间购枪。在报告经历过种族主义的受访者中，18.3%的人购买了枪支，而在没有报告经历过种族主义的受访者中，5.8%的人购买了枪支。与没有种族主义经历的受访者相比，在分析中控制了其他协变量后，报告有种族主义经历的受访者购买枪支的几率增加了 257%（AOR = 2.57，95 % CI：1.63, 4.04）。非西班牙裔黑人比非西班牙裔白人更有可能报告购买枪支（AOR = 1.80，95 % CI：1.04，3.10）。这些发现提高了将种族主义作为枪支暴力的一个重要风险因素加以解决的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Can a smoking cessation app benefit individuals in disadvantaged areas? A qualitative study on motivation, barriers, and perceptions of a digital app 戒烟应用程序能让贫困地区的人受益吗？关于数字应用程序的动机、障碍和看法的定性研究

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Preventive Medicine Reports

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102925

Nina Åsbring , Samira Dini , Stephanie Madsen , Joanna Stjernschantz Forsberg

Objective

In Sweden, the prevalence of daily smoking has decreased substantially over the past few decades. However, a socioeconomic divide is evident, contributing to health inequities. The current study focuses on the needs, facilitators, and barriers in relation to quitting smoking among individuals in disadvantaged areas and explores their perception of digital tools for smoking cessation.

Method

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 participants in Stockholm County between 2022 and 2023. Participants were recruited through health care centres, dental clinics, and civil society actors. A thematic analysis was performed.

Results

Two cross-cutting main themes were identified; 1) Motivational factors and barriers in smoking cessation, including the subthemes “health, concern for loved ones and economic aspects” and “emotional, environmental, and cultural barriers” and 2) Benefits and limitations of a digital tool for smoking cessation, including the subthemes”important/relevant features in a digital app” and “limitations of digital support”.

Conclusions

The results reveal that most participants want to quit smoking but perceive it as difficult. The study highlights the importance of addressing social disparities in smoking and the need for accessible smoking cessation support. While mobile apps are viewed as promising for smoking cessation by some of the participants, scepticism exists among others. Moving forward, personalized approaches that integrate digital tools with traditional methods for smoking cessation can be important to reduce smoking prevalence. Ensuring accessibility of effective smoking cessation support for all is a key public health interest.

目标在过去几十年中，瑞典的日常吸烟率大幅下降。然而，社会经济鸿沟显而易见，造成了健康方面的不平等。本研究重点关注贫困地区的个人在戒烟方面的需求、促进因素和障碍，并探讨他们对戒烟数字工具的看法。方法在 2022 年至 2023 年期间对斯德哥尔摩县的 30 名参与者进行了半结构式访谈。参与者是通过医疗保健中心、牙科诊所和民间团体招募的。结果确定了两个交叉主题：1）戒烟的动机因素和障碍，包括副主题 "健康、对亲人的关心和经济方面 "和 "情感、环境和文化障碍"；2）戒烟数字工具的益处和局限性，包括副主题 "数字应用程序的重要/相关功能 "和 "数字支持的局限性"。研究强调了解决吸烟的社会差异问题的重要性以及提供方便的戒烟支持的必要性。虽然一些参与者认为手机应用在戒烟方面大有可为，但也有一些人对此持怀疑态度。展望未来，将数字工具与传统戒烟方法相结合的个性化方法对于降低吸烟率非常重要。确保所有人都能获得有效的戒烟支持是一项重要的公共卫生利益。

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引用次数: 0

Diet Quality is Positively Associated With Nature Relatedness in a U.S. Population: A Pilot Study 在美国人口中，饮食质量与自然相关性呈正相关：一项试点研究

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Preventive Medicine Reports

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102924

Dahlia Stott , Jonathan M. Deutsch , Micheal Bruneau Jr. , Jennifer A. Nasser , Mara Z. Vitolins , Brandy-Joe Milliron

Background

Sustainable dietary practices can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote planetary health. The importance of investigating how to promote sustainable dietary practices is therefore crucial. Nature Relatedness measures an individual’s connection to nature and can predict environmental concern and stewardship. While emerging research has suggested those with a higher degree of Nature Relatedness report the intention to follow more sustainable dietary practices, the relationship between actual dietary intake and Nature Relatedness has yet to be fully explored. Therefore, the purpose of this pilot study was to assess the relationship between diet quality and Nature Relatedness.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, participants across the United States completed the online survey from September to November 2023. Diet History Questionnaire II and Nature Relatedness scale were completed by the participants. Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2020 total and component scores. Nature Relatedness total and subscale scores were computed. Pearson and Spearman Rho correlation coefficients assessed associations between HEI-2020 and Nature Relatedness. Simple linear regression models examined the relationships between HEI-2020 total and component scores and Nature Relatedness (controlling for age, gender, race, and education).

Results

Three hundred adults completed the study. HEI-2020 total score was positively associated with Nature Relatedness (p < 0.001). Total fruit, total vegetable, green and beans, and refined grains component scores were positively associated with Nature Relatedness (p < 0.001). Nature Relatedness significantly predicted diet quality and total fruit, total vegetable, greens and beans, and moderation of refined grains consumption.

Conclusions

There are positive and significant relationships between diet quality, components of dietary intake that may promote planetary health, and Nature Relatedness. Our findings may be used to inform future research and nutrition intervention programs promoting personal and planetary health through nature-based interventions.

背景可持续的饮食习惯有助于减少温室气体排放和促进地球健康。因此，研究如何推广可持续饮食习惯至关重要。自然相关性衡量一个人与自然的联系，可以预测对环境的关注和管理。虽然新的研究表明，自然相关度越高的人越愿意遵循更可持续的饮食习惯，但实际饮食摄入量与自然相关度之间的关系还有待充分探讨。因此，这项试点研究的目的是评估饮食质量与自然相关性之间的关系。方法在这项横断面研究中，美国各地的参与者在 2023 年 9 月至 11 月期间完成了在线调查。参与者填写了饮食史问卷 II 和自然相关性量表。饮食质量使用健康饮食指数（HEI）-2020 的总分和分量表进行评估。计算自然相关性总分和分量表得分。Pearson 和 Spearman Rho 相关系数评估了 HEI-2020 与自然相关性之间的联系。简单线性回归模型检验了 HEI-2020 总分和分量表得分与自然相关性之间的关系（控制了年龄、性别、种族和教育程度）。HEI-2020 总分与自然相关性呈正相关（p < 0.001）。水果、蔬菜、绿色和豆类以及精制谷物的总分与自然相关性呈正相关（p < 0.001）。结论膳食质量、可促进地球健康的膳食摄入成分与自然相关性之间存在积极而重要的关系。我们的研究结果可用于未来的研究和营养干预计划，通过基于自然的干预措施促进个人和地球健康。

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引用次数: 0

Comparison of human immunodeficiency virus-related risky sexual behaviors between men who have sex with men only and men who have sex with men and women: A cross-sectional study in Eastern China 仅与男性发生性关系的男性和与男性和女性发生性关系的男性之间与人类免疫缺陷病毒有关的危险性行为的比较：华东地区横断面研究

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Preventive Medicine Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102923

Rui Ge , Lin Chen , Wanjun Chen , Lin He , Chengliang Chai , Guoying Zhu , Zhongwen Chen

Background

Men who have sex with men (MSM) are a significant population contributing to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. Nevertheless, few studies have focused on the heterogeneity in MSM. The characteristics of men who have sex with men and women (MSMW) may differ from men who have sex with men only (MSMO).

Methods

From October 2022 to March 2023, a cross-sectional study for MSM was conducted in Eastern China. An electronic questionnaire was used to collect the demographic characteristics and sexual behaviors of participants. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess the differences in HIV-related risky sexual behaviors between MSMO and MSMW.

Results

A total of 1993 MSM were enrolled in the study, with 1221 MSMO and 772 MSMW. Compared to MSMW, MSMO reported younger age at first anal sex, higher coerced homosexual experiences, and observed different characteristics of sexual behavior in the past six months. Multivariable analysis indicated that MSMW were more likely to seek casual partners and use stimulants online and offline. MSMW showed inconsistent condom use with online partners (aOR = 0.51, 95 %CI: 0.38–0.68) and more frequent anal sex after drinking (aOR = 2.27, 95 %CI: 1.54–3.35). They also had higher risks of commercial (aOR = 2.47, 95 %CI: 1.71–3.57) and group sexual behaviors (aOR = 1.88, 95 %CI: 1.24–2.83) compared to MSMO.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that the differential factors may lead MSMW to become a subgroup at high risk of HIV infection. The gender identity and sexual orientation within MSM should be considered when formulating acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention and control strategies.

背景男男性行为者（MSM）是导致人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）传播的重要人群。然而，很少有研究关注 MSM 的异质性。方法从 2022 年 10 月至 2023 年 3 月，在华东地区开展了一项针对 MSM 的横断面研究。研究使用电子问卷收集参与者的人口统计学特征和性行为。研究采用多变量逻辑回归模型来评估 MSMO 和 MSMW 之间与 HIV 相关的危险性行为的差异。结果共有 1993 名 MSM 参与研究，其中 MSMO 1221 人，MSMW 772 人。与男男性行为者相比，男男性行为者报告的首次肛交年龄更小、被胁迫的同性性行为经历更多，并且在过去 6 个月中观察到不同的性行为特征。多变量分析表明，男男性行为者更有可能在网上和网下寻找临时性伴侣和使用兴奋剂。男性同性恋、双性恋和变性者与在线伴侣的安全套使用不一致（aOR = 0.51，95 %CI：0.38-0.68），酒后肛交更频繁（aOR = 2.27，95 %CI：1.54-3.35）。与 MSMO 相比，他们的商业性行为（aOR = 2.47，95 %CI：1.71-3.57）和集体性行为（aOR = 1.88，95 %CI：1.24-2.83）的风险也更高。在制定获得性免疫缺陷综合征（艾滋病）预防和控制策略时，应考虑 MSM 的性别认同和性取向。

{"title":"Comparison of human immunodeficiency virus-related risky sexual behaviors between men who have sex with men only and men who have sex with men and women: A cross-sectional study in Eastern China","authors":"Rui Ge , Lin Chen , Wanjun Chen , Lin He , Chengliang Chai , Guoying Zhu , Zhongwen Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Men who have sex with men (MSM) are a significant population contributing to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. Nevertheless, few studies have focused on the heterogeneity in MSM. The characteristics of men who have sex with men and women (MSMW) may differ from men who have sex with men only (MSMO).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>From October 2022 to March 2023, a cross-sectional study for MSM was conducted in Eastern China. An electronic questionnaire was used to collect the demographic characteristics and sexual behaviors of participants. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess the differences in HIV-related risky sexual behaviors between MSMO and MSMW.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 1993 MSM were enrolled in the study, with 1221 MSMO and 772 MSMW. Compared to MSMW, MSMO reported younger age at first anal sex, higher coerced homosexual experiences, and observed different characteristics of sexual behavior in the past six months. Multivariable analysis indicated that MSMW were more likely to seek casual partners and use stimulants online and offline. MSMW showed inconsistent condom use with online partners (aOR = 0.51, 95 %CI: 0.38–0.68) and more frequent anal sex after drinking (aOR = 2.27, 95 %CI: 1.54–3.35). They also had higher risks of commercial (aOR = 2.47, 95 %CI: 1.71–3.57) and group sexual behaviors (aOR = 1.88, 95 %CI: 1.24–2.83) compared to MSMO.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings suggest that the differential factors may lead MSMW to become a subgroup at high risk of HIV infection. The gender identity and sexual orientation within MSM should be considered when formulating acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention and control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38066,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Medicine Reports","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 102923"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The impact of the ‘CATCH My Breath’ vaping prevention curriculum among high school students in Ontario, Canada: Results of a pilot test CATCH My Breath "吸烟预防课程对加拿大安大略省高中生的影响：试点测试结果

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Preventive Medicine Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102919

Adam G. Cole , Lucas Fairs , Dale Mantey , Anne Philipneri , Celina Degano , Marcella Bianco , Steven H. Kelder

Background

Youth vaping is a public health concern in Canada. However, there is a dearth of evaluation data for school-based vaping prevention programs in Canada. This pilot study assessed short-term changes in knowledge, subjective norms, and intentions to vape among a sample of high school students in Ontario, Canada exposed to the ‘CATCH My Breath’ (CMB) vaping prevention curriculum.

Methods

A convenience sample of 10 high schools across Ontario delivered CMB lessons between October 2022 and April 2023. Students completed an online survey before being exposed to CMB and 4-weeks after the lessons. McNemar’s Chi-square exact tests of paired proportions assessed significant changes in knowledge, subjective norms, and intentions to vape before/after exposure to the curriculum among n = 116 students who could be linked over time.

Results

After exposure to CMB, students exhibited a significant increase in their knowledge: pre-test scores averaged 5.5 and post-test scores averaged 7.5. At post-test, significantly fewer students thought that most people in high school vape. There were no significant changes in intentions to vape and pre/post changes were similar for boys and girls.

Discussion

After exposure to CMB, high school students in Ontario demonstrated significant increases in knowledge of the risks of vaping and modest reductions in perceptions of subjective norms of vaping. CMB has been adapted for use in high schools in Canada, and implementing this program could help to reduce youth vaping.

背景青少年吸食毒品是加拿大的一个公共卫生问题。然而，在加拿大，对基于学校的吸食毒品预防计划的评估数据非常缺乏。这项试点研究评估了加拿大安大略省接触 "CATCH My Breath"（CMB）吸食大麻预防课程的高中生样本在知识、主观规范和吸食意向方面的短期变化。学生们在接触CMB课程之前和课程结束4周后完成了一项在线调查。McNemar's Chi-square 精确配对比例测试评估了 n = 116 名学生在接触该课程前后在知识、主观规范和吸食意向方面的显著变化，这些学生可以随着时间的推移建立联系。在测试后，认为大多数高中生都吸食毒品的学生明显减少。讨论安大略省的高中生在接触了 CMB 后，对吸食毒品风险的认识有了明显提高，对吸食毒品的主观规范的看法也略有下降。CMB已被调整用于加拿大的高中，实施该计划有助于减少青少年吸食电子烟。

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引用次数: 0

Australian healthcare workers’ views on artificial intelligence in BreastScreen: Results of a mixed method survey study 澳大利亚医护人员对乳腺筛查中人工智能的看法：混合方法调查研究的结果

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Preventive Medicine Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102917

Jennifer SN Tang , Helen ML Frazer , Katrina Kunicki , Prabhathi Basnayake , Maho Omori , Jocelyn Lippey

Introduction

The evolving role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in medicine, particularly in radiology and population-based breast cancer screening programs, offers potential accuracy gains and efficiency improvements. However, successful implementation requires understanding of healthcare workers’ views on AI, which this study aims to explore within the Australian BreastScreen program.

Methods

An online survey was distributed to clinical staff involved in breast imaging, collecting responses from November 2022 to April 2023. The survey encompassed demographic information, opinions, and experiences with AI in medical imaging, with questions covering various scenarios of AI integration in BreastScreen.

Results

Out of an estimated 350 professionals contacted, 95 responded, with 84.2 % (80/95) being radiologists. Less than half of respondents (44.9 %, 40/89) had worked with artificial intelligence for image classification previously. The majority of radiologists 74.2 % (46/62) thought that the use of AI in reading mammograms for BreastScreen would improve workflow. However, radiologists thought they would behave with increasing caution with scenarios where AI was more autonomous, with the majority of radiologists (63.3 %, 38/60) uncomfortable with holding accountability when the AI was used to triage and remove cases from the workflow. Notably, 60 % of radiologists (36/60) expressed concerns about accountability.

Discussion

The findings suggest an optimistic attitude towards AI among Australian healthcare workers, although when given hypothetical scenarios for the way AI could be integrated into BreastScreen, there was increasing caution with scenarios where AI was more autonomous. This study highlights understanding and concerns of healthcare professionals working in population screening which are important to address when implementing AI into the healthcare system.

导言人工智能（AI）在医学领域，尤其是放射学和基于人群的乳腺癌筛查项目中不断发展的作用为提高准确性和效率提供了潜力。然而，要想成功实施人工智能，就必须了解医护人员对人工智能的看法，本研究旨在澳大利亚乳腺癌筛查项目中探讨这一问题。方法向参与乳腺成像的临床工作人员发放在线调查问卷，收集 2022 年 11 月至 2023 年 4 月期间的回复。调查内容包括人口统计学信息、观点以及在医学影像领域使用人工智能的经验，问题涉及将人工智能集成到 BreastScreen 中的各种情况。结果在联系的约 350 名专业人员中，95 人做出了回复，其中 84.2% （80/95）为放射科医生。不到一半的受访者（44.9%，40/89）以前使用过人工智能进行图像分类。大多数放射科医生（74.2%，46/62）认为，使用人工智能为乳腺筛查读取乳房 X 线照片将改善工作流程。但是，放射科医生认为，在人工智能更加自主的情况下，他们的行为会越来越谨慎，大多数放射科医生（63.3%，38/60）对人工智能用于分流和从工作流程中移除病例时的责任感感到不安。值得注意的是，60% 的放射科医生（36/60）对问责制表示担忧。讨论研究结果表明，澳大利亚医护人员对人工智能持乐观态度，尽管在假设人工智能可以集成到 BreastScreen 中的情况下，他们对人工智能更加自主的情况越来越谨慎。本研究强调了从事人群筛查工作的医疗保健专业人员对人工智能的理解和担忧，这对于在医疗保健系统中实施人工智能非常重要。

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引用次数: 0

Caregiver restrictions on child access to tobacco in the home and home Smoking/Vaping bans among Black/African American women caregivers who smoke and live in Resource-limited, rural areas 居住在资源有限的农村地区的黑人/非裔美国女性看护者对儿童在家中接触烟草的限制以及禁止在家中吸烟/吸食毒品的规定

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Preventive Medicine Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102918

Ashley H. Clawson , Dina M. Jones , Jing Jin , Ruofei Du , Sandilyn Bullock , Katherine Donald , Mohammed Orloff , Wonda Miller , Sandra Cooper , Pebbles Fagan

Objective

This study examined relationships between home smoking/vaping bans and caregiver restrictions on child access to tobacco in the home among rural, Black/African American caregivers who smoke.

Methods

Data were from the baseline survey of a randomized trial conducted in 2020–2022 among caregivers who smoke cigarettes and/or little cigars/cigarillos (N = 188). Logistic regressions examined associations between independent variables (tobacco product-specific and comprehensive home smoking/vaping bans) and dependent variables (caregiver keeps tobacco in the home; among caregivers with tobacco at home, caregiver restricts child tobacco access at home). Models were adjusted for caregiver tobacco use, income, and additional covariates based on stepwise selection.

Results

Compared to caregivers with no bans, caregivers with full bans on cigar smoking and vaping were less likely to keep cigars and e-cigarettes at home, respectively. Caregivers with full bans across all tobacco products and no/partial bans across some products were less likely than those with lesser bans to keep e-cigarettes and “other tobacco products” (hookah, pipe, smokeless tobacco, IQOS) at home. Among caregivers with cigarettes at home, those with partial cigarette smoking bans were more likely than those with no bans to restrict child cigarette access at home. Among caregivers with e-cigarettes at home, those with no/partial bans on some products were less likely than those with lesser bans to restrict child e-cigarette access at home.

Conclusions

Interventions addressing intergenerational tobacco use among socially-disadvantaged groups may benefit by supporting the implementation of home smoking/vaping bans and caregiver restrictions on child access to tobacco in the home.

方法数据来自 2020-2022 年在吸烟和/或抽小雪茄/雪茄烟的照顾者（N = 188）中进行的随机试验的基线调查。逻辑回归检验了自变量（特定烟草产品和全面的家庭禁烟/禁烟令）与因变量（照顾者在家中保留烟草；在家中有烟草的照顾者中，照顾者限制儿童在家中接触烟草）之间的关联。结果与没有禁烟令的照顾者相比，全面禁烟的照顾者在家中保留雪茄和电子烟的可能性较低。全面禁止所有烟草制品和不禁止/部分禁止某些烟草制品的照顾者在家中存放电子烟和 "其他烟草制品"（水烟、烟斗、无烟烟草、IQOS）的可能性低于那些禁止程度较低的照顾者。在家中有香烟的看护人中，部分禁烟的看护人比不禁烟的看护人更有可能限制儿童在家中吸烟。在家中有电子烟的看护者中，没有/部分禁止某些产品的看护者比禁止程度较低的看护者更不可能限制儿童在家中接触电子烟。结论针对社会弱势群体中的代际烟草使用问题的干预措施可能会受益于支持实施家庭吸烟/吸食电子烟禁令以及看护者对儿童在家中接触烟草的限制。

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引用次数: 0

Obstetric healthcare experiences and information needs of Dutch women in relation to their vegan diet during pregnancy 荷兰妇女在孕期素食方面的产科保健经验和信息需求

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Preventive Medicine Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102916

Deidre Meulenbroeks , Daisy Jonkers , Hubertina Scheepers , Jessica Gubbels

Objectives

The prevalence of a vegan (strict plant-based) diet is increasing. Adequate access to nutritional information for pregnant women on a vegan diet is vital, as optimal maternal nutrition is important in order to prevent maternal and fetal complications. This study evaluated the obstetric healthcare experiences and information needs of pregnant women following a vegan diet in the Netherlands.

Methods

An online survey examined women’s experiences with obstetric healthcare in relation to their vegan diet during pregnancy. In total, 195 women, all of whom followed a vegan diet during their pregnancy and gave birth between January 2018 and April 2020, completed an online survey about their experiences. Descriptive statistics were used to present the data.

Results

In total, 36.5% of participants reported that an obstetric healthcare provider had inquired about their diet in general during the first prenatal consultation, and an additional 43.1% of participants proactively informed their healthcare provider about their diet. Only 19.0% of all participants received specific information about their vegan diet during pregnancy, and 25.2% reported having had extra checks, mostly blood tests, during their pregnancy. Of all participants, 35.9% would have preferred to receive additional information regarding their diet.

Conclusions

Our data shows that only a minority of pregnant women following a vegan diet received information and recommendations about their diet from their healthcare providers. It is our recommendation that healthcare providers inquire about pregnant women’s diets, and refer those following a vegan diet to reliable sources of dietary information or to a specialized dietitian.

目标纯素（严格的植物性饮食）饮食的流行率正在上升。为素食孕妇提供充足的营养信息至关重要，因为最佳的孕产妇营养对预防孕产妇和胎儿并发症非常重要。这项研究评估了荷兰素食孕妇的产科保健经验和信息需求。方法一项在线调查研究了妇女在怀孕期间与素食有关的产科保健经验。共有 195 名妇女完成了有关其经历的在线调查，她们均在怀孕期间遵循素食饮食，并在 2018 年 1 月至 2020 年 4 月期间分娩。结果共有36.5%的参与者称产科医护人员在第一次产前咨询时询问过她们的饮食习惯，另有43.1%的参与者主动告知医护人员她们的饮食习惯。在所有参与者中，只有 19.0% 的人在怀孕期间获得过有关素食的具体信息，25.2% 的人表示在怀孕期间接受过额外的检查，主要是验血。在所有参与者中，35.9% 的人更希望获得有关其饮食的额外信息。结论我们的数据显示，只有少数素食孕妇从其医疗保健提供者那里获得了有关其饮食的信息和建议。我们建议医疗保健提供者询问孕妇的饮食情况，并将采用纯素饮食的孕妇推荐给可靠的饮食信息来源或专门的营养师。

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引用次数: 0

Nicotine and cannabis routes of administration and dual use among U.S. young adults who identify as Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, and non-Hispanic White 尼古丁和大麻的给药途径以及在自称西班牙裔、非西班牙裔黑人和非西班牙裔白人的美国青壮年中的双重使用情况

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Preventive Medicine Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102912

Kim Pulvers , Nessa Jamalian , Edleen Suh , Peter Faltaoos , Susan L. Stewart , Elizabeth R. Aston

Background

Use of cannabis and nicotine is at record levels among young adults, and health consequences vary by route of administration. However, there is a paucity of research characterizing use of both substances, especially among individuals of racial/ethnic minoritized identities.

Method

Participants (N = 1,032; age 18–25 years) completed a cross-sectional survey administered through an online panel in 2021 in eight U.S. states where cannabis was legal for both recreational and medical use and eight states where cannabis was not legal for medical or recreational purposes. Sampling was stratified by race/ethnicity (Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic White) and gender (male, female). Survey weighting was based on state-level gender and race/ethnicity data in the 2021 U.S. Census Bureau.

Results

Over one third (37.9%) of respondents reported current use of both cannabis and tobacco, more than double the proportion using tobacco (12.1%) or cannabis (4.1%) only. Vaporization was the most common method for using nicotine (40.2%). Disposable nicotine vape products were used more than any other method (27.1%). Smoking was the most common route of administration for cannabis (35.7%). Simultaneous use of tobacco and cannabis was common (27.0%) overall and greater among those who identify as non-Hispanic Black than non-Hispanic White. There were few differences in product use by gender or state legality.

Discussion

Dual cannabis and tobacco use is prevalent among young adults. Given the dynamic regulatory landscape, continued monitoring of specific cannabis formulations and tobacco products is recommended. Trends in simultaneous use of cannabis and tobacco and associated adverse effects warrant continued assessment.

背景大麻和尼古丁的使用在年轻人中达到创纪录的水平，对健康的影响因使用途径而异。方法参与者（N = 1,032; 年龄 18-25 岁）于 2021 年在美国 8 个大麻娱乐和医疗用途均合法的州和 8 个大麻医疗或娱乐用途均不合法的州通过在线小组完成了一项横断面调查。按照种族/族裔（西班牙裔、非西班牙裔黑人、非西班牙裔白人）和性别（男性、女性）进行分层抽样。调查结果超过三分之一（37.9%）的受访者表示目前同时使用大麻和烟草，是仅使用烟草（12.1%）或大麻（4.1%）的两倍多。蒸发是使用尼古丁最常见的方法（40.2%）。一次性尼古丁 Vape 产品的使用率高于其他任何方法（27.1%）。吸烟是吸食大麻最常见的途径（35.7%）。同时使用烟草和大麻的情况很普遍（27.0%），在非西班牙裔黑人中比在非西班牙裔白人中更普遍。按性别或州的合法性划分，产品使用情况几乎没有差异。鉴于监管情况不断变化，建议继续监测特定的大麻制剂和烟草产品。同时使用大麻和烟草的趋势以及相关的不良影响值得继续评估。

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引用次数: 0