MicroRNA (Shariqah, United Arab Emirates)最新文献

Introduction: The differential expression of miRNAs, a key regulator in many cell signaling pathways, has been studied in various malignancies and may have an important role in cancer progression, including colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods: The present study used machine learning and gene interaction study tools to explore the prognostic and diagnostic value of miRNAs in CRC. Integrative analysis of 353 CRC samples and normal tissue data was obtained from the TCGA database and further analyzed by R packages to define the deferentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs). Furthermore, machine learning and Kaplan Meier survival analysis helped better specify the significant prognostic value of miRNAs. A combination of online databases was then used to evaluate the interactions between target genes, their molecular pathways, and the correlation between the DEMs.

Results: The results indicated that miR-19b and miR-20a have a significant prognostic role and are associated with CRC progression. The ROC curve analysis discovered that miR-20a alone and combined with other miRNAs, including hsa-mir-21 and hsa-mir-542, are diagnostic biomarkers in CRC. In addition, 12 genes, including NTRK2, CDC42, EGFR, AGO2, PRKCA, HSP90AA1, TLR4, IGF1, ESR1, SMAD2, SMAD4, and NEDD4L, were found to be the highest score targets for these miRNAs. Pathway analysis identified the two correlated tyrosine kinase and MAPK signaling pathways with the key interaction genes, i.e., EGFR, CDC42, and HSP90AA1.

Conclusion: To better define the role of these miRNAs, the ceRNA network, including lncRNAs, was also prepared. In conclusion, the combination of R data analysis and machine learning provides a robust approach to resolving complicated interactions between miRNAs and their targets.

Introduction: Curcumin is known as a bioactive component that is found in the rhizomes of Curcuma longa. Curcumin is well known for its chemo-preventive and anticancer properties. However, its anticancer mechanism in colorectal cancer treatment is unclear, and some studies have shown that many microRNAs (miRs) could be potential targets for curcumin in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment, so there is a need for their integration and clarification.

Methods: We systematically searched international databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, until July 2021 by using some relevant keywords.

Results: The search resulted in 87 papers, among which there were 18 related articles. Curcumin was found to cause the upregulation of miR-497, miR-200c, miR-200b, miR-409-3p, miR-34, miR-126, miR-145, miR-206, miR-491, miR-141, miR-429, miR-101, and miR-15a and the downregulation of miR-21, miR-155, miR-221, miR-222, miR-17-5p, miR-130a, miR-27, and miR-20a.

Conclusion: The present review study suggests that curcumin may be useful as a novel therapeutic agent for CRC by altering the expression level of miRs.

Introduction: Gaucher disease (GD) occurs due to a mutation in the glucosylceramidase (GBA) gene and is a common lysosomal storage disease. It is well known that there is a strong association between the abnormal expression of miRNAs and various diseases including cancer. These abnormally expressed miRNAs can be used as biomarkers. Interestingly, several studies have reported a linkage between GD with an increased risk of cancer. Therefore, in the current study, we investigated the expression levels of selected miRNAs that are associated with cancers that might have potential use as biomarkers in GD.

Methods: Blood samples were collected from 24 healthy volunteers, 6 carriers, and 20 treated patients with type 1 GD. A reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) platform was used to analyze the miRNA expression levels.

Results: While carriers had lower relative expressions of miRNA-15a with tumor suppressor effect, and miRNA-150 and miRNA-181b with oncogene effect, treated patients with type 1 GD had lower relative expressions of miRNA-15a and miRNA-125b with tumor suppressor effect and higher relative expression miRNA-21 with oncogene effect (p<0.001, p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.05, p<0.001, and p<0.05, respectively).

Conclusion: The results suggested that the downregulation of miRNA-15a and miRNA-125b expressions with tumor suppressor effect and the upregulation of miRNA-21 expression with oncogene effect can be indicated to an increased risk for cancers such as multiple myeloma (MM), B-cell lymphoma, leukemia, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in GD.

microRNAs are a family of small, non-coding RNA molecules that can regulate the translation of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Numerous miRNAs have been proposed as potential indicators for periodontal disease, and their regulation might serve as a potent means of restricting the disease process. MiRNAs act as important immune system regulators that promote the production of many cytokines, including interferon (IFN), tumour necrosis factor (TNF), and IL-1as well as RANK. Investigations pertaining to the use of specific miRNAs as therapeutic agents are underway. They can influence a variety of regulatory organs and target several genes. Additionally, distinct components of the same expression pathway can be controlled by combining miRNAs and their antagonists. In recent years, many miRNA delivery methods have been created for therapeutic applications. Studies pertaining to the role of miRNAs in periodontal disease pathogenesis may pave the way for the use of miRNAs as biomarkers of periodontal disease. A complete understanding of the role of miRNA in periodontal disease and its mechanism of action can pave the way towards therapeutic strategies that can reduce or even prevent the progression of periodontal diseases.

Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer among women globally. Metastasis is the leading cause of mortality in most cancers. Early BC detection before metastasis can enhance survival rates. Understanding BC metastasis mechanisms could aid in developing metastasis-specific treatments.

Method: The role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) in cancer progression is recognized, yet the importance of specific lncRNAs in BC, despite potential alterations, remains inadequately explored. We utilized bioinformatics tools to identify novel lncRNAs dysregulated in metastasis. To achieve this objective, the gene expression profile of GSE102484, encompassing metastatic and non-metastatic BC tissue samples, was analyzed using the limma package in R with cut-off criteria set at an adjusted p-value < 0.005 and |fold change (FC)| ≥ 0.5. We used WGCNA analysis to find co-expression genes for lncRNAs. Then, we identified hub genes and performed pathway enrichment to better understand the results. Considering the defined criteria, eight novels of dysregulated lncRNAs and top 10 miRNAs were identified.

Result: Dysregulated lncRNAs are found in yellow, green, brown, purple, and turquoise co-expression modules from WGCNA analysis. Enrichment analysis of these co-expressed modules revealed relevant pathways to metastasis, such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and integrin cell-surface interactions, as well as regulation of HIF1-alpha. In addition, SDPR, TGFB1I1, ILF3, KIF4A, and COL5A1 were identified as hub genes. Based on DElncRNA-miRNADEmRNA connections and co-expression, we ultimately constructed lncRNA-associated ceRNA axes.

Conclusion: The current study may identify novel lncRNAs implicated in BC metastasis; still, additional research is required to determine the potential functions of these lncRNAs in BC metastasis.

Research on microRNAs is constantly expanding and evolving due to their role in the regulation of gene expression. miR-122, a 22-nucleotide microRNA, was first discovered as a liver-specific miRNA. Subsequently, it was found to be present in a wide range of tissues, such as the breast, testes, ovaries, and heart. The research on miR-122 in the liver has been extensive over the past few decades, leading to several important discoveries. However, its role in extrahepatic tissues is largely incompletely understood. Therefore, in light of the established clinical relevance of miR-122 as a potential biomarker and/or drug target in the liver, available information on miR-122 is compiled as it pertains to health and disease. This review discusses novel information generated in recent years and the corresponding progress in our understanding of the physiology of extrahepatic miR-122.

Introduction: Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is considered the most severe form of peripheral artery disease (PAD). Nowadays, using stem cells such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to induce angiogenesis seems like a promising method for CLI therapy. Among the many factors that affect the angiogenesis process, microRNA-126 has an important role.

Objective: The goal of this study was to increase the angiogenic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) via using microRNA-126.

Methods: BMSCs were isolated from male C57BL/6 inbred mice. CLI model was created by femoral artery ligation on C57BL/6 mice. Animals were allocated to control, BMSCs, miR-126, and BMSCsmiR-126 groups, and a defined number of the cells and virus were injected 24 h after surgery. Then, wound-healing assay, functional tests, real-time PCR, histopathological evaluation, and donor cell survival were performed.

Results: Results showed that BMSCs and miR-126 groups had a positive effect on angiogenesis. BMSCs miR-126 group had a significant effect on functional improvements, endothelial cell migration, neovascularization, and muscle restructures. In vivo evaluation showed that miR-126 could increase BMSCs survival and paracrine secretion of angiogenic factors such as VEGF and led to remarkable functional improvements and neovascularization in ischemic tissues.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that the combination uses of BMSCs and miR-126 lead to more effective recovery from ischemic damage compared with using them alone. MiR-126 can be used as a strong modifier to reinforce the angiogenic potential, paracrine secretion, and survival of the BMSCs.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is commonly related to metabolic-associated chronic liver disease, which has a pathological spectrum from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is mainly associated with other disease conditions, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and cardiovascular disease. MicroRNAs (miRs) are small non-coding RNAs, having 22 nucleotides in length, that play an important role in epigenetic modulation for disease. miRs act by targeting mRNA and altering its expression. Alteration of miRs regulates different stages of NAFLD and NASH. A liver biopsy is the gold standard diagnosis for NASH. However, it is an invasive diagnostic process, so it is not feasible to screen a large number of NASH patients. Consequently, it is imperative to develop new non-invasive diagnosis strategies to detect NAFLD to NASH progression. Circulating miR can be a novel diagnostic marker for NAFLD/NASH. This review explains the role of miRs in the pathogenesis and miR-based targeted therapy in NAFLD/NASH.

Colorectal cancer has become the leading cause of death worldwide, and it is the second most common cancer in women and the third most common cancer in men. Accumulating evidence suggests that genetic and epigenetic factors play a key role in the development of colorectal cancer. Cancer Stem Cells (CSC) play an important role in the suppression or development of cancer in various conditions. In recent years, non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) have been the focus, and the association of CSC and non-coding RNA has played a crucial role in the development of human cancers. These non-coding RNAs are known to be expressed in many cancers. Studies have suggested that ncRNAs are dysregulated in colorectal cancer cells, and different factors, like Wnt and Notch, are involved in this dysregulation. ncRNAs play a significant role in cancer initiation, migration, and resistance to therapies. Moreover, long noncoding RNAs are known to regulate tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes. Targeting different ncRNAs like miRNA, circular RNA, long noncoding RNAs, and small interfering RNA may provide efficient, targeted therapeutic strategies for colon cancer treatment. This review aims to briefly discuss the latest findings on the role of noncoding RNAs in the prognosis and diagnosis of colon cancer.