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War and entrepreneurship: Why (“on earth”) do people start businesses in wartime? 战争与创业:人们为什么(“究竟”)要在战时创业?
Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbvi.2025.e00574
Sanita Rugina , Kim Klyver
<div><div>Interstate wars, civil wars, and other forms of armed conflict are becoming increasingly common, challenging the assumptions in entrepreneurship theories developed under conditions of societal stability. Wars have devastating effects on the economy, including entrepreneurship. Paradoxically, while one might expect entrepreneurship to decline in war zones, recent research suggests otherwise; however, it also provides no insights into the motivation to start a new business during wartime. This study investigates what unique factors motivate people in war zones to start businesses, focusing particularly on women entrepreneurs in Ukraine during the Russo–Ukrainian War. Through in-depth interviews (n = 24) both with Ukrainian women who started a new business during the war and with entrepreneurship experts, we inductively develop an understanding of various unique motivations to start businesses in wartime. A central finding of this study is that wartime entrepreneurship is a complex mix of reacting to circumstances and taking initiative. People start businesses during wars not just for survival, but also to have a sense of control and to help their families and communities. This is different from entrepreneurship in peacetime, where motivation is more frequently associated with seizing opportunities and achieving personal gain.</div><div>A CALL FOR ACTION.</div><div>When war breaks out, most people focus on survival and safety. Yet, even in these conditions, some people start businesses. Our research shows that war does not end entrepreneurship — it transforms it. In Ukraine, despite missile strikes and economic collapse, entrepreneurs are creating new ventures. They are doing this not out of opportunism, but as a way to protect their families, rebuild their communities, and take back a sense of control.</div><div>Entrepreneurship during war is not just a diluted version of peacetime enterprise. It is a distinct type, shaped by unique motivations. We saw entrepreneurs seeking to restore agency, to provide essential goods and services when institutions failed, and to contribute to the national effort as an act of solidarity and resistance. These drivers do not fit the standard theories of entrepreneurship, which usually assume stable environments, individual opportunity recognition, and personal profit.</div><div>For this reason, policymakers, NGOs, and investors should not treat wartime entrepreneurship as business-as-usual. Instead, it should be recognized as a crucial part of a country's resilience and recovery. Resources such as funding, supply chain access, and mentorship should be directed to these ventures, because they are functioning as critical infrastructure for both society and the economy.</div><div>War time entrepreneurs will not wait for academic theories to adapt. Entrepreneurs are already emerging in conflict zones. The task now is twofold: first, to build better theories that capture this phenomenon and improve support syst
国家间战争、内战和其他形式的武装冲突正变得越来越普遍,挑战着在社会稳定条件下发展起来的创业理论的假设。战争对经济造成了毁灭性的影响,包括企业家精神。矛盾的是,虽然人们可能会认为战争地区的创业精神会下降,但最近的研究表明情况并非如此;然而,它也没有提供关于在战时创办新企业的动机的见解。这项研究调查了哪些独特因素促使战区的人们创业,特别关注俄乌战争期间乌克兰的女企业家。通过对在战争期间创业的乌克兰妇女和创业专家的深入访谈(n = 24),我们归纳地了解了在战争期间创业的各种独特动机。这项研究的一个核心发现是,战时创业是对环境做出反应和采取主动的复杂组合。人们在战争期间创业不仅仅是为了生存,也是为了有一种控制感,帮助他们的家庭和社区。这与和平时期的创业不同,在和平时期,创业的动机往往与抓住机会和实现个人利益有关。行动的号召。当战争爆发时,大多数人关注的是生存和安全。然而,即使在这种情况下,还是有人开始创业。我们的研究表明,战争不会终结企业家精神——它会改变企业家精神。在乌克兰,尽管有导弹袭击和经济崩溃,但企业家们正在创建新的企业。他们这样做不是出于机会主义,而是为了保护他们的家庭,重建他们的社区,并重新获得控制感。战争时期的企业家精神不仅仅是和平时期企业精神的稀释版。它是一种独特的类型,由独特的动机形成。我们看到企业家们寻求恢复机构,在机构失败时提供基本的商品和服务,并作为团结和抵抗的行动为国家的努力作出贡献。这些驱动因素不符合标准的创业理论,后者通常假设环境稳定、个人机会认知和个人利润。因此,政策制定者、非政府组织和投资者不应将战时创业视为一切照旧。相反,它应该被视为一个国家恢复力和复苏的关键部分。资金、供应链准入和指导等资源应该直接用于这些企业,因为它们是社会和经济的关键基础设施。战时企业家不会坐等学术理论来适应。冲突地区已经出现了企业家。现在的任务是双重的:首先,建立更好的理论来捕捉这种现象,并从更长远的角度改进支持系统;其次,与此同时,紧急创建支持系统,使战时企业家能够生存和成功,即使在极端条件下,现在。
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引用次数: 0
A meta-analysis on the effects of high-performance work practices in small and medium-sized enterprises: An exploration of organizational- and individual-level outcomes 中小企业高绩效工作实践影响的荟萃分析:组织和个人层面结果的探索
Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbvi.2025.e00572
Christopher Hansen , Ksenia Usanova , Mickael Geraudel
This research aims to achieve two objectives: to confirm results about the effects of high-performance work practices (HPWPs) at the organizational level, and to explore the effects of HPWPs on individual employee performance in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). We conducted a meta-analysis of 115 studies to investigate how high-performance work practices are positively related to organizational and individual outcomes in SMEs, identifying critical benefits HPWPs offer. At the organizational level, HPWPs are positively related to firm performance, growth, and innovation, while negatively related to turnover and absenteeism rates. At the individual level, HPWPs are positively related to employee engagement, motivation, creativity, entrepreneurial orientation, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment, while negatively related to turnover intention. We nuance the applicability of HPWPs to the SME context and we contribute to the literature by highlighting the role of HPWPs at the individual level.
本研究旨在实现两个目标:一是在组织层面确认高绩效工作实践(HPWPs)的影响结果,二是探讨中小企业高绩效工作实践对员工个人绩效的影响。我们对115项研究进行了荟萃分析,以调查高绩效工作实践如何与中小企业的组织和个人成果呈正相关,并确定高绩效工作实践提供的关键好处。在组织层面,HPWPs与企业绩效、成长和创新呈正相关,而与离职率和缺勤率呈负相关。在个体层面上,HPWPs与员工敬业度、动机、创造力、创业导向、工作满意度和组织承诺呈正相关,与离职倾向呈负相关。我们在中小企业背景下对高负荷工作计划的适用性进行了细微的区分,并通过强调高负荷工作计划在个人层面上的作用来为文献做出贡献。
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引用次数: 0
From inventory to insight: Reimagining reviews for JBVI 从库存到洞察:重新构想JBVI的评论
Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2025-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbvi.2025.e00571
Pablo Muñoz
While literature reviews are essential for organizing knowledge, conventional formats often lag behind the fast-moving debates in entrepreneurship research. Too often descriptive, cautious and lengthy, such reviews rarely spark the conceptual or practical innovation needed in dynamic fields. At the Journal of Business Venturing Insights (JBVI), we will open a space for reimagining the review genre, shifting from inventory to insight. To this end, we introduce four new review formats: critical insight review, underexplored intersections, rapid scoping synthesis, and provocative reviews. These are designed to provoke dialogue, challenge assumptions, and illuminate emerging debates. In doing so, we align JBVI with a broader movement across the social sciences toward agile, forward-looking scholarship where reviews function as intellectual activators rather than static summaries.
虽然文献综述对组织知识至关重要,但在创业研究中,传统格式往往落后于快速发展的辩论。这样的评论往往过于描述性、谨慎和冗长,很少激发动态领域所需的概念或实践创新。在《商业风险洞察杂志》(JBVI)上,我们将为重新构想评论类型开辟一个空间,从盘点转向洞察。为此,我们介绍了四种新的审查形式:批判性洞察力审查,未充分探索的交叉点,快速范围综合和挑衅性审查。它们的目的是激发对话,挑战假设,并阐明正在出现的辩论。在这样做的过程中,我们将JBVI与更广泛的社会科学运动结合起来,朝着敏捷、前瞻性的学术方向发展,在这种学术运动中,评论的作用是智力的激活者,而不是静态的总结。
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引用次数: 0
Interference in children’s affairs: An exploratory study about the role of self-employed parents 干预儿童事务:个体户父母角色的探索性研究
Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2025-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbvi.2025.e00570
Stefan Schneck
The entrepreneurship literature links the higher probability that children of self-employed parents will later become self-employed to parental role models and socialization by their parents. We add an exploratory study that examines whether parental interference in their children’s affairs lays the foundation for later entrepreneurship. We show that, on average, self-employed parents are not more likely to interfere in their children’s affairs than parents in regular employment. However, this null effect masks differences across fathers and mothers. Self-employed fathers interfere more in the affairs of their sons, while self-employed mothers interfere less in their daughters’ affairs. Moreover, we find that parental interference has a negative impact on sons’ self-perception of their entrepreneurial competencies. We discuss the implications of these results and present promising avenues for future research.
创业文献将个体经营者父母的子女日后成为个体经营者的较高可能性与父母的角色榜样和父母的社会化联系起来。我们增加了一项探索性研究,以检验父母对子女事务的干预是否为后来的创业奠定了基础。我们表明,平均而言,自雇父母并不比有正式工作的父母更有可能干预孩子的事务。然而,这种无效效应掩盖了父亲和母亲之间的差异。自雇父亲对儿子的事务干预较多,而自雇母亲对女儿的事务干预较少。此外,我们发现父母干预对儿子对自己创业能力的自我认知有负面影响。我们讨论了这些结果的含义,并提出了未来研究的有希望的途径。
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引用次数: 0
Aged to perfection? Unpacking the curvilinear relationship between founder age and new venture performance 成熟到完美?解析创始人年龄与新企业业绩之间的曲线关系
Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbvi.2025.e00568
Johannes Hagen , Lucia Naldi , Charlie Karlsson
This study contributes to the growing body of research on the relationship between founders' age and new venture performance, addressing existing gaps regarding founders approaching or surpassing retirement age. By analyzing comprehensive Swedish administrative data covering all newly incorporated firms and their founders, we first document an inverse U-shaped relationship between founders' age at founding and firm survival, as well as between founders' aging and employment growth. However, our findings reveal significant disruptions in these patterns between ages 60 and 70. Specifically, the relationship between founders' age at founding and firm survival temporarily improves at the conventional retirement age of 65, transitioning into a more nuanced, bimodal M-shaped pattern. In contrast, the relationship between founders' aging and employment growth plateaus around age 65. Using abductive analysis and a regression discontinuity design, we show that the increased firm survival observed after age 65 is influenced by a different selection of entrepreneurs, as individuals with enhanced financial security from pension access, along with previous industry experience and high levels of education, are more likely to start businesses at this stage.
这项研究为越来越多的关于创始人年龄与新创企业绩效之间关系的研究做出了贡献,解决了创始人接近或超过退休年龄的现有差距。通过分析涵盖所有新成立公司及其创始人的瑞典综合行政数据,我们首先记录了创始人成立时的年龄与公司生存之间以及创始人年龄与就业增长之间的反u型关系。然而,我们的研究结果显示,这些模式在60岁到70岁之间明显中断。具体来说,创始人创立时的年龄与公司生存之间的关系在65岁的传统退休年龄时暂时改善,过渡到一个更微妙的双峰m型模式。相比之下,创始人年龄增长与就业增长之间的关系在65岁左右趋于稳定。通过溯因分析和回归不连续设计,我们发现65岁以后观察到的企业存活率的增加受到不同企业家选择的影响,因为从养老金获取中获得财务安全增强的个人,以及以前的行业经验和高水平的教育,更有可能在这个阶段创业。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of maker entrepreneur's agency and communion language on stakeholder engagement 创客企业家代理和共融语言对利益相关者参与的影响
Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbvi.2025.e00569
Jacob A. Waddingham , Debby Osias , Phillip E. Davis
A growing area of interest in the entrepreneurship literature examines the communal spaces where maker entrepreneurs interact, create, and sell their novel artifacts. However, we know surprisingly little about how these individuals communicate their entrepreneurial endeavors to their local community, and how this communication affects key stakeholder engagement. Using a unique social media dataset of 48 maker entrepreneurs who participated in a community-based event, we find support for our theorizing. Our results reveal a negative relationship between agentic language and online stakeholder engagement, whereas communal language is positively related to stakeholder engagement. Interestingly, the negative relationship between agentic language and online stakeholder engagement is stronger for local maker entrepreneurs. Supplemental interviews with maker entrepreneurs provide additional insights into their feedback-seeking behaviors and networking within the maker community.
在创业文献中,越来越多的人对创客企业家互动、创造和销售他们的新产品的公共空间感兴趣。然而,对于这些人如何将他们的创业努力传达给当地社区,以及这种沟通如何影响关键利益相关者的参与,我们知之甚少。使用一个独特的社交媒体数据集,48个创客企业家参加了一个以社区为基础的活动,我们发现支持我们的理论。我们的研究结果揭示了代理语言与在线利益相关者参与之间的负相关关系,而公共语言与利益相关者参与呈正相关。有趣的是,代理语言与在线利益相关者参与之间的负相关关系在本地创客企业家中更为强烈。对创客企业家的补充访谈提供了对他们寻求反馈行为和创客社区网络的额外见解。
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引用次数: 0
Cultivating insightful theory-building in qualitative research 培养在质性研究中有见地的理论建构
Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2025-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbvi.2025.e00567
Ewald Kibler , Eero Vaara , Lauri Laine
We have witnessed a proliferation of theory-building qualitative research in entrepreneurship and management studies over the past two decades. While this overall trend is worth celebrating, we argue that it is time to pause and reflect on the broader theoretical and practical impact of this body of work. Although methodological sophistication and the use of structured templates have enhanced rigor, the theoretical models generated through qualitative inquiry are rarely revisited or extended in subsequent research or practice. Thus, we suggest moving beyond the production of ‘stand-alone’ theoretical models toward what we call insightful theory-building, a mode of inquiry that prioritizes the development of clear, actionable insights that others can build upon, thereby enabling stepwise, cumulative theory development. To support this shift, we offer seven interrelated development strategies: clarifying, zooming in, connecting, situating, sharing, countering, and experimenting. These strategies are intended to foster more substantive, reflexive, and generative theorizing within qualitative research in entrepreneurship and management studies.
在过去的二十年里,我们目睹了创业和管理研究中理论建设定性研究的激增。虽然这一总体趋势值得庆祝,但我们认为是时候停下来反思这一工作的更广泛的理论和实践影响了。虽然方法的复杂性和结构化模板的使用增强了严谨性,但通过定性调查产生的理论模型在随后的研究或实践中很少被重新审视或扩展。因此,我们建议超越“独立”理论模型的生产,转向我们所谓的有洞察力的理论构建,这是一种探究模式,优先考虑其他人可以建立的清晰,可操作的见解的发展,从而实现逐步累积的理论发展。为了支持这一转变,我们提出了七个相互关联的发展战略:澄清、放大、连接、定位、共享、反击和试验。这些策略的目的是在企业家精神和管理研究的定性研究中培养更实质性、反思性和生成性的理论。
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引用次数: 0
When entrepreneurship and employment collide: Conflicts of hybrid entrepreneurs and their impact on wage employment satisfaction 创业与就业碰撞:混合型企业家冲突及其对工资就业满意度的影响
Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2025-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbvi.2025.e00564
Karina Kappe , Diemo Urbig , Stephan Lengsfeld , Jon C. Carr , Christian Rupietta
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the impact of sexual harassment in entrepreneurial contexts: A call to action and research roadmap 探讨性骚扰在企业环境中的影响:行动呼吁和研究路线图
Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2025-08-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbvi.2025.e00565
Marilla G. Hayman , Shane W. Reid , Jessica F. Kirk , Devalina Nag
Sexual harassment continues to be a common yet understudied problem that occurs in entrepreneurial environments. Although prior studies have clarified its impacts in conventional organizations, the distinct effects of harassment in the informal, high-pressure realm of entrepreneurship remain largely overlooked. We address this gap by investigating how both anticipated and experienced sexual harassment may influence women's participation, actions, and success in entrepreneurship. Adapting insights from the organizational behavior and sexual harassment literatures, we examine the effects of harassment not only on individual women entrepreneurs but also on stakeholders and broader ecosystems. Anticipated harassment may discourage women from entering high-growth sectors or participating in vital networking and fundraising efforts, while experienced harassment experiences can result in psychological stress, diminished visibility, and early departure from ventures. Stakeholders—including mentors, investors, and family—may also shift their engagement in response to perceived risks, limiting access to essential support. At the ecosystem level, harassment likely reinforces exclusionary norms and creates structural barriers that impede gender equity and innovation. Through this multilevel perspective, we provide a framework for better understanding the compounding effects of harassment on women in entrepreneurship and propose new directions for future research.
在创业环境中,性骚扰仍然是一个常见但尚未得到充分研究的问题。尽管先前的研究已经阐明了骚扰在传统组织中的影响,但在非正式的、高压的创业领域中,骚扰的明显影响在很大程度上仍被忽视。我们通过调查预期的和经历的性骚扰如何影响妇女在创业中的参与、行动和成功来解决这一差距。根据组织行为学和性骚扰文献的见解,我们不仅研究了骚扰对女性企业家个人的影响,还研究了骚扰对利益相关者和更广泛的生态系统的影响。预期的骚扰可能会阻碍女性进入高增长行业或参与重要的网络和筹款活动,而经历过的骚扰可能会导致心理压力、知名度降低和提前离开企业。利益相关者——包括导师、投资者和家人——也可能会改变他们的参与方式,以应对感知到的风险,从而限制他们获得必要支持的机会。在生态系统层面,骚扰可能会强化排他性规范,并造成阻碍性别平等和创新的结构性障碍。通过这一多层次视角,我们为更好地理解性骚扰对女性创业的复合效应提供了一个框架,并为未来的研究提出了新的方向。
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引用次数: 0
Status entrepreneurship: The entrepreneurial pursuit of social distinction 地位创业:追求社会地位的创业
Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2025-08-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbvi.2025.e00563
Adam K. Frost , Shuang L. Frost , Christian Garmann Johnsen
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Business Venturing Insights
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