Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1016/j.jbvi.2024.e00487
Entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs) that support entrepreneurship are seen as tightly spatially bound, top-down systems. They are exogenous to entrepreneurs but endogenous to the jurisdiction's policymakers and other powerful stakeholders. Taking a knowledge spillover theory approach, this paper offers a new perspective on these systems that better fits the globalized, digitalized, and increasingly geographically unbounded realities of entrepreneurship. Resources and knowledge increasingly harbor synergies across, not just within, the spatial bounds of EEs. We describe geographically unbounded EEs (UEEs) as border-spanning, entrepreneur-centered, and hybrid or digital community-centered. These structures support entrepreneurs in assembling knowledge and resources across multiple geographically bounded EEs. We identify four interrelated dimensions of UEEs, namely, resources provided, inclusiveness, spread of activities, and governance, and show how each varies among geographically bounded EEs. The key insight of our study is that UEEs create conditions where the EE becomes increasingly endogenous to the entrepreneur. Such a shift prompts new theoretical questions about entrepreneurial capabilities and the role of policy.
支持创业的创业生态系统(EEs)被视为空间上紧密结合、自上而下的系统。它们对创业者来说是外生的,但对该地区的政策制定者和其他强大的利益相关者来说却是内生的。本文采用知识溢出理论的方法,为这些系统提供了一个新的视角,以更好地适应全球化、数字化以及日益不受地域限制的创业现实。资源和知识越来越多地产生跨环境企业空间范围的协同效应,而不仅仅是空间范围内的协同效应。我们将无地域限制的创业环境(UEEs)描述为跨越国界、以创业者为中心、以混合或数字社区为中心。这些结构支持创业者在多个有地理边界的 EE 中汇集知识和资源。我们确定了 UEEs 的四个相互关联的维度,即资源提供、包容性、活动传播和治理,并展示了每个维度在不同地理边界的 EE 之间的差异。我们研究的主要见解是,UEEs 创造了条件,使 EE 越来越内生于企业家。这种转变提出了有关创业能力和政策作用的新理论问题。
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Pub Date : 2024-07-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jbvi.2024.e00485
Mark Geiger
The current study uses SUMAD meta-analytic methods (Oh, 2020) to examine gender differences in social responsibility and family-to-work conflict. Synthesizing evidence from across social science literature, the results of this study provide an evidence-based foundation to support more theorizing and practical discourse regarding gender effects in entrepreneurship. As explained by theories of socialization and social roles, gender differences in (a) socially responsible attitudes and behaviors and (b) the balance between family and work responsibilities, are likely two of the more pervasive gender effects that influence entrepreneurial careers. The goal of this study is to motivate more research and practical discussion on these and related gender effects to improve our understanding of entrepreneurship phenomena. Using firm performance as an example, the results of the SUMAD meta-analysis suggest that gender effects related to social responsibility and family-to-work conflict have significant consequences for entrepreneurship outcomes. Based on the evidence and theory rooted in socialization and social roles, the current study calls for more theorizing and primary-level studies on these and related gender effects in entrepreneurship research.
Comment to Readers:
Does gender matter? Of course it does (depending on the issue). A simple search of “does gender matter” reveals ample discussion on this topic across a variety of gender issues. In this article I highlight gender regarding differences between women and men in social responsibility and family-to-work conflict. As the evidence suggests, gender does indeed matter as women – on average – are more socially responsible and have more family-to-work conflict than their men counterparts. The results of this study show that greater social responsibility is tied to better business performance whereas greater family-to-work conflict is tied to worse business performance. So, what should we do? First, acknowledge the fact that women and men are different in the contexts of social issues and family matters to clear the way for constructive discourse about these gender differences. Second, embrace that women are higher than men in socially responsible attitudes and behaviors, and that more women in business could inherently result in more socially responsible business practices. Moreover, while this is a societal win in and of itself, the results suggest it could also carry over to improved financial and economic performance. Lastly, focus more on “why” there are differences between women and men regarding family-to-work conflict. Specifically, emphasize both societal-driven influences (e.g., stereotypes; biases) and individual-driven influences (e.g., individual differences; personal preferences). Understanding these influences, which are not mutually exclusive, is key for maximizing the personal and professional well-being of
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Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jbvi.2024.e00486
Diego Matricano
Supporting the implementation and growth of innovative start-ups to bring innovation to the market and foster local development, in terms of economic and social results, is on the agenda of policymakers worldwide. The latters constantly identify new specific tools, define more focused actions, and – in some cases – enact dedicated policies (local or national laws) in order to push individuals to start entrepreneurship processes.
In this regard, the Italian Start-up Act is worth mentioning since it stands for the first-ever national law, enacted in 2012, promoting and regulating innovative start-ups. Ten years after the enactment of the Italian Start-up Act, it is interesting to assess its impact and evaluate whether and to what extent it succeeds in bringing innovations to the market and fosters local development in Italy. The results of several previous studies – which look at the same sample of start-ups, but from different perspectives – are collected and compared in order to offer a broad overview and a comprehensive evaluation of this law.
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Pub Date : 2024-07-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jbvi.2024.e00484
Richard T. Harrison
How to deal with grand challenges and the crisis of knowledge production and their implications for entrepreneurial research and practice is a topic of growing interest. In this paper we argue that we need to rethink who is involved in entrepreneurship research and how that research is conducted and communicated. This begins by moving beyond the traditional ostensible objective separation of the ‘researcher’ from the ‘research subject’ to adopt a posthuman and post-qualitative inquiry perspective that questions the dominant position of the human subject and challenges the humanistic belief in the essential, conscious and intentional human as the primary source of agency. As such, it adopts a process ontology, stresses hybridity and difference and encourages experimentation. This requires us to become ‘bad researchers’, undertaking subversive research that goes beyond the oppositions of quantitative/qualitative and foundationalist/non-foundationalist. In this we take the ‘fool’ (jester, trickster) as our guide. Historically associated with inversion, usurping authority and putting down the mighty the fool is a liminal character who has the duty to ask all those questions that no one else dares to ask. The paper concludes with suggestions as to how this may inform a re-newed entrepreneurship for the crisis-laden twenty first century.
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Pub Date : 2024-07-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jbvi.2024.e00482
Matthew L. Metzger , Mark R. Meckler , Andrew G. Earle , Samuel S. Holloway
Sometimes, entrepreneurial action is driven by necessity. Whether global pandemics, climate change, or the oxygen system failure in Apollo 13, time-constrained and high-stakes decisions increasingly confront entrepreneurs and managers. Yet, our literature tends to favor intendedly rational and practiced approaches to entrepreneurial action in the face of perceived uncertainty. This study views entrepreneurial action from the other side of the mirror – imposed opportunities (not created), high time pressure, and limited resources (no trove access to resources and an inability to leverage contingencies). Using a mixed-methods approach and drawing upon data from the empirical setting of professional chefs and discourse from popular media, we explore these unique forms of entrepreneurial action through the lens of MacGyvering – a term developed from a 1980's hit television show where seemingly impossible odds and idiosyncratic challenges are routinely overcome. Our findings suggest that MacGyvering does not map neatly onto any single established concept of entrepreneurial action. Instead, it integrates some aspects of effectuation, causation, bricolage, and improvisation while explicitly adapting and eschewing others. Our insights can help entrepreneurs and managers act expeditiously to create new value in the face of environmental turbulence.
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Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jbvi.2024.e00481
Zahra Jamshidi, Mohammad Keyhani
Micro-acquisition marketplaces are a recent phenomenon in the world of entrepreneurship that facilitate the matching of buyers and sellers of relatively small-scale startups or pre-startup projects. Unlike traditional acquisitions, in micro-acquisition markets, sellers typically decide on the timing and offset an initial asking price for the deal. However, cognitive biases are likely to interfere with these decisions and lead to suboptimal decisions that prevent efficient matching. We argue that the age of a project at the time of listing can act as a proxy for the time and effort that has been spent by the entrepreneur to develop the project. Building on effort justification and cognitive dissonance theories, we argue that there is a curvilinear relationship between project age and price; and that this relationship is moderated by the level of revenue achieved by the project at the time of listing. Using data from Acquire.com, we find empirical support for these patterns indicating that entrepreneurs may justify a higher price because of higher effort up to a certain threshold, and especially for higher revenue projects.
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Pub Date : 2024-06-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jbvi.2024.e00480
Frédéric Ooms , Jitka Annen , Rajanikant Panda , Benedetta Cecconi , Bernard Surlemont , Steven Laureys
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Pub Date : 2024-05-31DOI: 10.1016/j.jbvi.2024.e00479
Mohamed Farhoud , Trenton Alma Williams , Manuel Aires de Matos , Katharina Scheidgen , Kurian George , Muhammad Sufyan , Anas Alakkad
Spontaneous venturing plays a prominent role in alleviating suffering in limited-term crises. Yet, when crises endure over time, it may become necessary to transition spontaneous ventures into sustained ventures to effectively address persistent needs. In this rapid response paper, we collaborated with a problem owner to investigate five sub-problems associated with the core problem of transitioning from spontaneous to sustained venturing in the context of the global refugee crisis. Using a translational research approach in entrepreneurship, we suggest answers to the five identified sub-problems grounded in existing evidence from perspectives in the entrepreneurship literature (contextualization, volunteering, community-based organizing, and venture legitimacy). We further synthesize the solutions that can help motivate and structure sustained collective efforts to address endured crises and highlight key implications for the broader community that aspires to address persistent crises.
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Pub Date : 2024-05-29DOI: 10.1016/j.jbvi.2024.e00476
Wiljeana J. Glover Ph.D. , Alia Crocker Ph.D. , Candida G. Brush Ph.D.
Healthcare entrepreneurship is of growing interest, but the area of research is not well defined and is disparate across disciplines. We take an integrative approach to examine the similarities and differences between the literature for the two parent domains (healthcare management and entrepreneurship). We present findings from an interdisciplinary four-phase Delphi study and propose a new framework to guide future research. Our proposed healthcare entrepreneurship framework not only reflects variations in key factors, such as actors, activities, processes and outcomes within the parent disciplines, but also suggests gaps, connections and future opportunities for research.
Actionable summary and highlights
Since COVID-19, there has been an influx of healthcare entrepreneurial ventures, but, within a volatile market, mixed success. We find that healthcare entrepreneurship is different from work in healthcare or entrepreneurship alone. For healthcare entrepreneurs to achieve their targeted health outcomes as well as their operational and profitability outcomes, all stakeholders need to work together. For the clinician-turned-entrepreneur and the serial entrepreneur now in healthcare, we provide three actionable insights to address some of the practical challenges in healthcare entrepreneurship.
1.
We advise that venture teams include individuals from both entrepreneurship and healthcare backgrounds to shorten the learning curve, particularly as they develop the evidence base for the offering. Contacting entrepreneurship accelerators or university tech transfer and commercialization offices for which one may have had previous affiliations can be one approach to securing such team members.
2.
Healthcare entrepreneurs should consider how to include end-user or patient participation to create new healthcare solutions. Working with relevant patient advocacy groups can be one approach and may help to increase the relevance and patient-centeredness of the solution.
3.
Healthcare entrepreneurs may need to develop new business models and revenue streams. While healthcare is a human right, it requires financing to sustain offerings. One may strengthen one's “business and calling” mindset via joining healthcare entrepreneurship organizations for medical professionals, accelerators, and other local programs that support such entrepreneurial engagement in healthcare.
In addition to these insights for healthcare entrepreneurs, we include practical insights for other key actors. Corporations may incentivize partnerships that normalize co-produced innovations. Venture capitalists might develop novel funding mechanisms linked to non-traditional outcomes. Non-profit organizations can serve as interdisciplinary conveners to raise awareness of healthcare entrepreneurship needs. Policy makers might cons
{"title":"Healthcare entrepreneurship: An integrative framework for future research","authors":"Wiljeana J. Glover Ph.D. , Alia Crocker Ph.D. , Candida G. Brush Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.jbvi.2024.e00476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2024.e00476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Healthcare entrepreneurship is of growing interest, but the area of research is not well defined and is disparate across disciplines. We take an integrative approach to examine the similarities and differences between the literature for the two parent domains (healthcare management and entrepreneurship). We present findings from an interdisciplinary four-phase Delphi study and propose a new framework to guide future research. Our proposed healthcare entrepreneurship framework not only reflects variations in key factors, such as actors, activities, processes and outcomes within the parent disciplines, but also suggests gaps, connections and future opportunities for research.</p></div><div><h3>Actionable summary and highlights</h3><p>Since COVID-19, there has been an influx of healthcare entrepreneurial ventures, but, within a volatile market, mixed success. We find that healthcare entrepreneurship is different from work in healthcare or entrepreneurship alone. For healthcare entrepreneurs to achieve their targeted health outcomes as well as their operational and profitability outcomes, all stakeholders need to work together. For the clinician-turned-entrepreneur and the serial entrepreneur now in healthcare, we provide three actionable insights to address some of the practical challenges in healthcare entrepreneurship.</p><ul><li><span>1.</span><span><p>We advise that venture teams include individuals from both entrepreneurship and healthcare backgrounds to shorten the learning curve, particularly as they develop the evidence base for the offering. Contacting entrepreneurship accelerators or university tech transfer and commercialization offices for which one may have had previous affiliations can be one approach to securing such team members.</p></span></li><li><span>2.</span><span><p>Healthcare entrepreneurs should consider how to include end-user or patient participation to create new healthcare solutions. Working with relevant patient advocacy groups can be one approach and may help to increase the relevance and patient-centeredness of the solution.</p></span></li><li><span>3.</span><span><p>Healthcare entrepreneurs may need to develop new business models and revenue streams. While healthcare is a human right, it requires financing to sustain offerings. One may strengthen one's “business and calling” mindset via joining healthcare entrepreneurship organizations for medical professionals, accelerators, and other local programs that support such entrepreneurial engagement in healthcare.</p></span></li></ul><p>In addition to these insights for healthcare entrepreneurs, we include practical insights for other key actors. Corporations may incentivize partnerships that normalize co-produced innovations. Venture capitalists might develop novel funding mechanisms linked to non-traditional outcomes. Non-profit organizations can serve as interdisciplinary conveners to raise awareness of healthcare entrepreneurship needs. Policy makers might cons","PeriodicalId":38078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Business Venturing Insights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352673424000283/pdfft?md5=13d434233f029b597daca65b01916941&pid=1-s2.0-S2352673424000283-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141164390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The underlying rationale of Entrepreneurial Ecosystems (EE) interactions is essentially attached to geographical space. So far, literature remains largely focused on a shortsighted notion of EE as ‘insular’ systems. In this article we address the spatial dynamics of two ecosystems based on the inflow of venture capital over the last three decades. Drawing from the cases of Tokyo and Bangalore, our key insight is that the EE configurations cannot be properly understood without a clear assessment of its spatial features. i.e., the geographical scope of connections that compose EE. As it turns out, EE present heterogeneous spatialities – and these evolve along different trajectories. This, we believe, is a key missing piece of the EE theoretical puzzle.
创业生态系统(EE)互动的基本原理与地理空间密切相关。迄今为止,文献仍主要集中于将 EE 视为 "孤立 "系统的短视概念。在本文中,我们以过去三十年风险资本的流入为基础,探讨了两个生态系统的空间动态。根据东京和班加罗尔的案例,我们的主要观点是,如果不明确评估 EE 的空间特征,就无法正确理解 EE 配置,即构成 EE 的地理连接范围。事实证明,EE 呈现出不同的空间性--而且这些空间性沿着不同的轨迹演变。我们认为,这是 EE 理论难题中缺失的关键一环。
{"title":"Beyond local boundaries: Unraveling the spatiality of entrepreneurial ecosystems","authors":"Susann Schäfer , Bruno Fischer , Paola Rücker Schaeffer , Alsones Balestrin","doi":"10.1016/j.jbvi.2024.e00478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2024.e00478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The underlying rationale of Entrepreneurial Ecosystems (EE) interactions is essentially attached to geographical space. So far, literature remains largely focused on a shortsighted notion of EE as ‘insular’ systems. In this article we address the spatial dynamics of two ecosystems based on the inflow of venture capital over the last three decades. Drawing from the cases of Tokyo and Bangalore, our key insight is that the EE configurations cannot be properly understood without a clear assessment of its spatial features. i.e., the geographical scope of connections that compose EE. As it turns out, EE present heterogeneous spatialities – and these evolve along different trajectories. This, we believe, is a key missing piece of the EE theoretical puzzle.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Business Venturing Insights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141164389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}