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A PHENOMENOLOGICAL REPLY TO GARY MARCUS AND ERNEST DAVIS’S REBOOTING AI: BUILDING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE WE CAN TRUST: CONTRIBUTING TO THE CREATION OF GENERAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 对加里·马库斯(Gary marcus)和欧内斯特·戴维斯(Ernest davis)《重启人工智能:构建我们可以信任的人工智能:为通用人工智能的创造做出贡献》一书的现象学回应
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-28 DOI: 10.3846/cs.2023.16193
J. Trujillo
Marcus and Davis’s Rebooting AI: Building Artificial Intelligence We Can Trust (2019) describes the narrowness of current artificial intelligence, posits constituents of human intelligence it contends artificial intelligence (AI) must reproduce to achieve a general (broad) formulation, and envisages the contributions of general AI to human living. This article (1) reviews Marcus and Davis’s argument, (2) phenomenologically evaluates their interpretation of human intelligence, and (3) discloses the moral inconsistencies implied by their vision of the relation between general AI and human being. Transcendental and hermeneutic phenomenological perspectives are employed to address the range of phenomena the authors affiliate with human intelligence.
Marcus和Davis的《重启人工智能:构建我们可以信任的人工智能》(2019)描述了当前人工智能的狭隘性,提出了人类智能的组成部分,认为人工智能必须复制才能实现通用(广泛)公式,并设想了通用人工智能对人类生活的贡献。本文(1)回顾了Marcus和Davis的论点,(2)现象学地评估了他们对人类智能的解释,(3)揭示了他们对一般人工智能与人类关系的看法所隐含的道德矛盾。超验和解释学现象学视角被用来处理作者与人类智慧相关的一系列现象。
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引用次数: 0
THE ROLE OF DIVERGENT THINKING IN INTERPERSONAL TRUST DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: CREATIVE ASPECTS COVID-19大流行期间,发散性思维在人际信任中的作用:创造性方面
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-28 DOI: 10.3846/cs.2023.15946
Massimiliano Palmiero, Rocco Palumbo, Irene Ceccato, Pasquale La Malva, Adolfo Di Crosta, G. Fusi, M. Crepaldi, M. Rusconi, A. Di Domenico
Interpersonal trust relies on positive expectations about other people. Social psychology distinguishes ingroup (individuals share social identity, e.g., family) from outgroup trust (individuals do not share social identity, e.g., strangers). We conducted an experimental study to test if divergent thinking, which relies on an inclusive processing mode, differently affected ingroup and outgroup trust during the lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A sample of 114 healthy college students, with no prior or current COVID-19 infection (mean age = 23.66, sd = 2.53, 89% women) was recruited. Interpersonal trust was measured by three ingroup and three outgroup trust items. Divergent thinking was measured by the alternative uses task, which asked to find alternative uses for common objects. Divergent thinking was scored by two independent raters in terms of fluency and quality of ideas. To control for generalized anxiety and mood states, the generalized anxiety disorder scale and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule were administered, respectively. To control for the inclusiveness of divergent thinking performance, the alternative uses task was administered using three types of instructions. Thus, the sample was divided in three groups of 38 participants according to the divergent thinking task instructions: “be-fluent: find as many different uses for the objects”, “be-creative: find creative uses for the objects”, and “be fluent and creative: find as many different and creative uses of the objects”. The hierarchical regression analyses showed that the quality, but not the quantity of divergent thinking positively predicted only outgroup trust, whereas the mood positively predicted ingroup trust. Divergent thinking task instructions did not affect interpersonal trust. Thus, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the quality of divergent thinking supports only outgroup trust based on the inclusive processing mode, meaning that people showing high ability to produce uncommon, remote and clever ideas are more inclusive and by consequence more prone to trust strangers. Limitations and implications are discussed.
人际信任依赖于对他人的积极期望。社会心理学将内群体信任(个体共享社会身份,如家庭)与外群体信任(个体不共享社会身份,如陌生人)区分开来。我们进行了一项实验研究,以检验在新冠肺炎疫情封锁期间,依赖于包容性处理模式的发散性思维是否对群体内和群体外信任产生了不同的影响。114名健康大学生(平均年龄23.66岁,sd = 2.53, 89%为女性),既往或当前无COVID-19感染。人际信任由三个群体内信任和三个群体外信任项目来衡量。发散性思维是通过替代用途任务来衡量的,该任务要求找到常见物品的替代用途。发散性思维由两名独立评分员根据想法的流畅性和质量进行评分。为了控制广泛性焦虑和情绪状态,分别使用广泛性焦虑障碍量表和积极和消极情绪量表。为了控制发散性思维表现的包容性,选择使用任务使用三种类型的指令进行管理。因此,根据发散思维任务说明,样本被分为三组,每组38人:“要流利:为物体找到尽可能多的不同用途”,“要有创造性:为物体找到创造性的用途”,“要流利和有创造性:为物体找到尽可能多的不同和创造性的用途”。层次回归分析显示,发散思维的质量对外群体信任有正向预测作用,而情绪对内群体信任有正向预测作用。发散性思维任务指示对人际信任没有影响。因此,在新冠肺炎大流行背景下,发散性思维的品质只支持基于包容性加工模式的外群体信任,这意味着具有高能力产生不寻常、遥远和聪明想法的人更具包容性,因此更容易信任陌生人。讨论了局限性和影响。
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引用次数: 0
MENTAL MODELS AND CREATIVE THINKING SKILLS IN STUDENTS’ PHYSICS LEARNING 学生物理学习中的心理模型与创造性思维能力
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.3846/cs.2023.14743
J. R. Batlolona, M. Diantoro
The study of mental models and creative thinking skills in students’ physics learning with the problem-based learning model has been scarce. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between mental models and creative thinking skills in high school students. Many previous research findings explain a relationship between mental models and creative thinking skills among students at the university level and workers. This mixed-methods study was conducted on high school students in Malang, East Java, Indonesia, aged between 14 and 15 years. The instrument used is in the form of mental models and creative thinking skills test questions. This finding explains no relationship between mental models and creative thinking skills because learning has not fully empowered mental models and creative thinking skills. On the other hand, learning at the previous level, students’ knowledge is still fragmented, so that is incomplete. Therefore, at the high school level, they need help to improve their mental models and creative thinking skills. This finding implies that teachers in developing learning materials, tools, and instruments must pay attention to the level of student knowledge so that learning can be more optimal.
以问题为基础的学习模式对学生物理学习中的心理模型和创造性思维技能的研究一直很少。本研究旨在分析高中生的心理模式与创造性思维能力之间的关系。许多先前的研究结果解释了大学学生和工人的心理模型和创造性思维技能之间的关系。这项混合方法研究是在印度尼西亚东爪哇岛马朗的高中生中进行的,年龄在14至15岁之间。使用的工具是心理模型和创造性思维技能测试题。这一发现没有解释心理模型和创造性思维技能之间的关系,因为学习并没有完全赋予心理模型和创造力思维技能权力。另一方面,在以前的水平上学习,学生的知识仍然是碎片化的,因此是不完整的。因此,在高中阶段,他们需要帮助来提高他们的心理模型和创造性思维技能。这一发现意味着,教师在开发学习材料、工具和工具时必须关注学生的知识水平,这样学习才能更加优化。
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引用次数: 3
IMPACT OF FULL-SCALE MODELS ON STUDENTS’ CREATIVITY IN BASIC DESIGN COURSE 全尺寸模型对设计基础课学生创造力的影响
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-22 DOI: 10.3846/cs.2023.15718
Mohammed Elaby, Hany Mohamed, Mohamed Wafa, Sayed Sweilam
Designing and implementing full-scale models by architecture students is one of the most difficult and uncommon experiences in design education. The study evaluates the impact of this experience on the development of creative design skills among first-year students. This is achieved by applying a methodology that combines quantitative analysis of learning outcomes, especially those associated with the skills of Basic Design courses, with qualitative analysis of sketches, scaled and full models, and video recordings of students during design and implementation stages. This study provides experimental support for the use of full-scale models in design education to develop students’ creative skills, in addition to discussing opportunities and challenges to help faculty and researchers in the field of design education.
设计和实现全尺寸模型是设计教育中最困难和不常见的经历之一。这项研究评估了这种经历对一年级学生创造性设计技能发展的影响。这是通过应用一种方法来实现的,该方法结合了对学习成果的定量分析,特别是与基础设计课程技能相关的分析,以及对草图、比例模型和完整模型的定性分析,以及学生在设计和实施阶段的视频记录。本研究为在设计教育中使用全尺寸模型来培养学生的创新能力提供了实验支持,并讨论了设计教育领域的机遇和挑战,以帮助教师和研究人员。
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引用次数: 0
“THE MYSTERY OF THIS JOURNEY”: DAVID HERBERT LAWRENCE’S CREATIVE QUEST TO DISCOVER TRUE CIVILIZATION “神秘之旅”:大卫·赫伯特·劳伦斯探索真正文明的创造性探索
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-16 DOI: 10.3846/cs.2023.15451
Abhik Mukherjee
David Herbert Lawrence is famous for telling us to trust the tale, not the artist. When we read the notoriously varied and vital Lawrence, there are many places where he seems to over reach, if not to outright contradict himself. This essay focuses on much of the complexity and ambiguity of Lawrence’s thought and its constantly evolving and even self-contradictory nature. Lawrence understands civilization with his utmost creativity and originality – finding the sun and relating it to the sexual vitality of the man – develops over the various travels. And in this essay, I focus on how this creative development is reflected in the travel writings. The more he travels, the more he discovers the subjugation of the self and the subsequent mechanization of it. The creative struggle to overcome this impotence informs Lawrence’s travel literature. His four travel books, namely Twilight in Italy (originally published in 1916), Sea and Sardinia (originally published in 1921), Mornings in Mexico (originally published 1927), and Sketches of Etruscan Places and Other Italian Essays (originally published 1932) are reflective of different stages in Lawrence’s journey to understand how human beings relate to the world they are integrally part of. Lawrence uses his travel to transcend his own nationality too. Lawrence goes on to assert that he belongs to no country. Surely this relates ironically to his belief in the “spirit of place”. The essay deeply focuses on his continued movement from place to place with deep consideration of this complex belief.
大卫·赫伯特·劳伦斯以告诉我们要相信故事而不是艺术家而闻名。当我们读到臭名昭著的多样化和至关重要的劳伦斯时,如果不是完全自相矛盾的话,他似乎在很多地方都超越了自己。本文着重探讨劳伦斯思想的复杂性和模糊性,以及其不断演变甚至自相矛盾的本质。劳伦斯以他最大的创造力和独创性理解文明——找到太阳并将其与人类的性活力联系起来——在各种旅行中发展起来。在这篇文章中,我重点讨论了这种创造性的发展是如何体现在旅游作品中的。他旅行得越多,就越发现自我的征服及其随后的机械化。克服这种无能的创造性斗争为劳伦斯的旅行文学提供了素材。他的四本游记,分别是《意大利的黄昏》(1916年出版)、《大海与撒丁岛》(1921年出版)和《墨西哥的早晨》(1927年出版),《伊特鲁里亚地方素描和其他意大利散文》(最初出版于1932年)反映了劳伦斯理解人类如何与他们所处的世界联系的不同阶段。劳伦斯也利用自己的旅行来超越自己的国籍。劳伦斯继续声称他不属于任何国家。具有讽刺意味的是,这与他对“地方精神”的信仰有关。本文对这种复杂的信仰进行了深刻的思考,并对其在各地的不断运动进行了深入的探讨。
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引用次数: 0
CREATIVITY IN DISTINCTIVE BRAND ASSETS 独特品牌资产的创意
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-12 DOI: 10.3846/cs.2023.19035
Gabija Velykytė
The article discloses creativity in developing brand assets and explores the relationship between creativity, distinctive brand assets, and divergent thinking. The scientific novelty of an article that explores the combination of distinctive brand assets and divergent thinking might lie in its potential to shed new light on how branding strategies can be used to foster creativity. By examining how certain visual and auditory cues associated with a brand can activate divergent thinking, the study could provide insights into how marketers can design more effective branding campaigns that not only increase brand recognition but also inspire consumers to think outside the box. Distinctive brand assets are unique visual and auditory cues that help consumers identify and differentiate a brand from its competitors. Divergent thinking is generating multiple ideas and solutions to a problem. The article argues that successful distinctive brand assets could result from divergent thinking and creativity, as they enable brands to create assets that are not only distinctive but also emotionally resonant and memorable. Ultimately, the article demonstrates how divergent thinking and creativity are critical components in the development and success of distinctive brand assets, which are an essential part of a brand’s overall marketing strategy.
本文揭示了创意在品牌资产开发中的作用,并探讨了创意、特色品牌资产和发散思维之间的关系。这篇文章探讨了独特的品牌资产和发散性思维的结合,它的科学新颖性可能在于,它有可能为如何利用品牌战略来培养创造力提供新的思路。通过研究与品牌相关的某些视觉和听觉线索如何激活发散性思维,该研究可以为营销人员如何设计更有效的品牌活动提供见解,这些活动不仅可以提高品牌认知度,还可以激发消费者跳出常规思维。独特的品牌资产是独特的视觉和听觉线索,帮助消费者识别和区分品牌与竞争对手。发散性思维是针对一个问题产生多种想法和解决方案。这篇文章认为,成功的独特品牌资产可能源于发散思维和创造力,因为它们使品牌创造的资产不仅与众不同,而且在情感上引起共鸣和令人难忘。最后,本文论证了发散性思维和创造力是独特品牌资产发展和成功的关键组成部分,这是品牌整体营销战略的重要组成部分。
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引用次数: 0
THE ROLE OF INFLUENCERS AND OPINION FORMERS MARKETING ON CREATIVE BRAND COMMUNICATION 影响者和意见领袖营销在创意品牌传播中的作用
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.3846/cs.2023.15722
M. Černikovaitė, Žaneta Karazijienė
The growing power of social media and the fast change of communication forms encourages marketers to explore new ways for brands to communicate creatively and effectively. The aim of this study is to determine how to reveal the involvement of influencers in creative forms of brand communication by analysing (comparatively) the expression of Lithuanian and foreign influencers in social networks. Research methodology and results: analysis academic literature and quantitative content analysis in social networks. Literature analysis reviled, that the main dimensions of communication strategy with influencers involves four stages: setting the objectives of the campaign; setting the criteria to find out right influencer; setting campaign duration and platform; influencer performance analysis. The results of the study showed that one of the most important and most inclusive step is choosing the right influencer. It is important to choose not only based on brand profile, but also to evaluate the potential risks when working with one or another influencer. Brands are recommended to choose those influencers that are not overloaded with another brands,integrate advertising into video format and reveal that their integration is brand advertising, because consumers tend to choose the products or services which are chosen by the celebrities they follow.
社交媒体日益强大的力量和传播形式的快速变化鼓励营销人员探索品牌创造性和有效传播的新方式。本研究的目的是通过分析(比较)立陶宛和外国影响者在社交网络中的表达,确定如何揭示影响者参与品牌传播的创造性形式。研究方法和结果:分析学术文献和社交网络中的定量内容分析。文献分析指出,与影响者沟通策略的主要维度包括四个阶段:设定活动目标;制定标准,找出合适的影响者;设置活动持续时间和平台;影响者绩效分析。研究结果表明,最重要、最具包容性的步骤之一是选择合适的影响者。重要的是,不仅要根据品牌形象进行选择,还要评估与一个或另一个有影响力的人合作时的潜在风险。建议品牌选择那些没有其他品牌过载的影响者,将广告整合到视频格式中,并表明他们的整合是品牌广告,因为消费者倾向于选择他们追随的名人选择的产品或服务。
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引用次数: 0
FIELD OF CREATIVE CULTURE: A STUDY OF CREATIVE MOVEMENT AND INNOVATION OF TERRACOTTA CULTURE IN JATIWANGI, INDONESIA 创意文化领域:印尼爪哇赤陶文化的创意运动与创新研究
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.3846/cs.2023.15333
A. S. Ekomadyo, N. Wijaya, Vera J. Vardhani, Annas T. Maulana, Hernadi Suhendar, V. Susanto
Although the creative city concept has received much criticism, the creative movement still occurs to fight for a better city. The decline in the terracotta tile business in Jatiwangi, Majalengka Regency, West Java, Indonesia, has triggered a creative movement to revitalize their identity through the Terracotta City movement. By combining Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi’s field of creativity and Pierre Bourdieu’s cultural capital, this study is carried out to reveal the creative culture of terracotta tile entrepreneurs in Jatiwangi and its relation to the movement. It is found that entrepreneurs’ creative culture is dominantly stimulated by economic capital, and then it is transformed into cultural capital. Innovations are only made, if the market share is clear since it bears economic risks. However, social capital has a role in transforming entrepreneurs’ economic and cultural capital to accept innovation and product diversification. This study also reveals that entrepreneurs as adopters intend to initiate innovation and diversification of terracotta products. However, within the framework of innovation, it shows that creative culture plays a role in incorporating aspects of humanity into innovation activities by giving innovation efforts to represent human beings.
尽管创意城市的概念受到了很多批评,但创意运动仍然在为一个更好的城市而发生。印度尼西亚西爪哇Majalenka Regency Jatiwangi的瓷砖生意的衰落,引发了一场创造性的运动,通过兵马俑城运动来振兴他们的身份。本研究结合米哈伊·西克森特米哈伊的创造力领域和皮埃尔·布迪厄的文化资本,揭示了贾蒂旺吉陶土企业家的创造性文化及其与这场运动的关系。研究发现,企业家的创造性文化主要受经济资本的刺激,然后转化为文化资本。只有在市场份额明确的情况下才能进行创新,因为它承担着经济风险。然而,社会资本在转变企业家的经济和文化资本以接受创新和产品多样化方面发挥着作用。这项研究还表明,作为采用者的企业家打算启动陶土产品的创新和多样化。然而,在创新的框架内,它表明创造性文化通过给予创新努力来代表人类,从而在将人类的各个方面纳入创新活动中发挥作用。
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引用次数: 0
FEATURES OF MANAGING THE CREATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEM IN THE CONDITIONS OF INFLUENCE OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC 新冠疫情影响下管理社会经济系统创造性发展的特点
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-24 DOI: 10.3846/cs.2023.16192
M. Kopytko, A. Zaverbnyj, I. Diachuk, U. Nikonenko, O. Khalina
The main purpose of the study is to model the process of managing the creative development of the socio-economic system in the conditions of influence of COVID-19 pandemic. For this, we have applied the methodology of functional modeling and graphical display, which includes the possibility of structural analysis and serves as effective information technology for any control system. Socio-economic systems are a large number of complex organizational structures with a large number of management processes. The largest of these are companies and organizations with appropriate personnel, on which it depends on where the company will move. It is impossible to compete without creative development. For an illustrative example, we used the current socioeconomic system in the form of a company, in which creativity and creative development play an important role. As a result, we reflected how, through a convenient and easy-to-use model, it is possible to form clear steps and stages that would informatively reflect creative development for the socio-economic system (company).
本研究的主要目的是在新冠肺炎大流行的影响下,对管理社会经济系统创造性发展的过程进行建模。为此,我们应用了功能建模和图形显示的方法,其中包括结构分析的可能性,并作为任何控制系统的有效信息技术。社会经济系统是一个具有大量管理流程的复杂组织结构。其中最大的是拥有合适人员的公司和组织,这取决于公司的发展方向。没有创造性的发展是不可能竞争的。举个例子,我们以公司的形式使用了当前的社会经济体系,在这个体系中,创造力和创造性发展发挥着重要作用。因此,我们思考了如何通过一个方便易用的模型,形成清晰的步骤和阶段,以信息方式反映社会经济系统(公司)的创造性发展。
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引用次数: 1
THE WAY OF ENFORCING THE CULTURAL RIGHTS OF PRISONERS IN THE POLISH AND HUNGARIAN PRISONS: THE ASPECTS OF CREATIVITY 在波兰和匈牙利监狱中执行囚犯文化权利的方式:创造力方面
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-19 DOI: 10.3846/cs.2023.14716
M. Miklósi, D. Becker-Pestka, A. Molnár
Education in Polish and Hungarian penitentiaries aims at the successful social reintegration of prisoners. Penitentiary institutions support prisoners by education of primary, secondary, and vocational training. Forms of learning within prisons prepare prisoners for release and integration into the labour market. This study aims to review the most important concepts and possible interpretations of criminal pedagogy and the cultural life of prisons. We present the main cultural rights of prisoners (learning opportunities, community cultural opportunities) and their impact on prisoners, as well as highlighting the aspects that make prison a total institution. We present the goals of cultural life in prison and the current training process covering key areas. We state that cultural activities in prison are essential parts of reintegration, bringing prisoners closer to the cultural nature of the outside world. With this article, comparatively on the two countries, we would like to draw attention to the diversity and feasibility of cultural transmission for prisoners.
波兰和匈牙利监狱的教育旨在使囚犯成功地重新融入社会。监狱机构通过小学、中学和职业培训来支持囚犯。监狱内的学习形式为囚犯获释和融入劳动力市场做好了准备。本研究旨在回顾刑事教育学和监狱文化生活的最重要概念和可能的解释。我们介绍了囚犯的主要文化权利(学习机会、社区文化机会)及其对囚犯的影响,并强调了使监狱成为一个完整机构的各个方面。我们介绍了监狱文化生活的目标以及目前涉及关键领域的培训过程。我们指出,监狱中的文化活动是重返社会的重要组成部分,使囚犯更接近外部世界的文化本质。通过这篇文章,我们想通过对两国的比较,提请人们注意囚犯文化传播的多样性和可行性。
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引用次数: 0
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Creativity Studies
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