Current Plant Biology最新文献_第9页

Caleosin expression enhances plant insect resistance 钙红蛋白的表达增强了植物的抗虫性

IF 4.5 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current Plant Biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100525

Sakihito Kitajima , Toshiharu Akino , Hideki Yoshida , Kenji Miura , Toki Taira , Eric Hyrmeya Savadogo , Naoki Tani

This study investigated the anti-insect activity of the caleosin homolog CLO3, which accumulates in the latex of Euphorbia tirucalli (Euphorbiaceae). Nicotiana benthamiana leaves transiently producing EtCLO3 were fed to Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera) larvae, and their body weights were recorded. The production of EtCLO3 significantly retarded larval growth. Similar effects were observed with other plants’ caleosin homologs that share unique N-terminal motifs located upstream of the Ca^2 + -binding EF-hand, including Arabidopsis thaliana CLO3 (AT2G33380) and homologs from lower plants (liverworts Mapoly0027s0099 and Chlamydomonas Cre06.g273650_4532). In contrast, A. thaliana CLO5 (AT5G19530), which belongs to a different class of caleosins, did not exhibit this growth retardation effect. Notably, the anti-insect activity of EtCLO3 persisted even when mutated in its peroxygenase catalytic site or EF-hand. A transcriptome analysis revealed that EtCLO3 up-regulated endogenous defense-related gene expression levels and altered sugar metabolism pathways. These findings suggest that EtCLO3 may, at least in part, exert its anti-insect effects by activating the host plant’s endogenous defense system. This research provides insights into how EtCLO3 and some other homologs influence larval development and suggests potential applications for these proteins in pest management.

研究了大戟科植物（Euphorbia tirucalli）乳胶中积累的角绿蛋白同源物CLO3的抗虫活性。用瞬时产EtCLO3的烟叶饲喂斜纹夜蛾（Spodoptera litura）幼虫，记录其体重。EtCLO3的产生显著延缓了幼虫的生长。其他植物的钙红蛋白同源物也有类似的效果，这些同源物共享位于Ca2 +结合EF-hand上游的独特n端基序，包括拟南芥CLO3 （AT2G33380）和低等植物的同源物（苔类植物Mapoly0027s0099和衣藻Cre06.g273650_4532）。相比之下，a . thaliana CLO5 （AT5G19530）属于另一类红蛋白，没有表现出这种生长迟缓作用。值得注意的是，即使其过氧酶催化位点或EF-hand发生突变，EtCLO3的抗虫活性仍然存在。转录组分析显示，EtCLO3上调了内源性防御相关基因的表达水平，改变了糖代谢途径。这些发现表明，EtCLO3可能至少部分地通过激活寄主植物的内源性防御系统来发挥其抗虫作用。这项研究揭示了EtCLO3和其他一些同源蛋白如何影响幼虫的发育，并提出了这些蛋白在害虫管理中的潜在应用。

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引用次数: 0

Integrative multi-omics analysis of rice grown continuously under P-starvation stress unravels Pup1-mediated regulatory complex for resilience to phosphorus deficiency 水稻在缺磷胁迫下连续生长的综合多组学分析揭示了pup1介导的缺磷恢复调节复合物

IF 5.4 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current Plant Biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100505

S. Tamil Selvan , Pallavi , Karishma Seem , Venkata Y. Amara , V. Prathap , K.K. Vinod , Archana Singh , Trilochan Mohapatra , Suresh Kumar

Phosphorus (P) is a vital macronutrient for various physiological/biochemical activities like ATP production through respiration/photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, nucleic acid/membrane synthesis, intracellular signalling, and functioning of enzymes. To deal with P-starvation/deficiency, plant modulates gene expression for adjusting metabolic/signaling pathways. For P homeostasis, metabolic activities are reoriented by transcriptional as well as post-transcriptional/post-translational modulations to integrate physio-biochemical, (epi)genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic processes. Despite the advances in understanding P-starvation/deficiency responses of plants, the genes/regulatory processes for resilience to low-P stress in plants remain enigmatic. To unravel the genes/pathways and regulatory actions of Pup1 QTL on P-starvation in rice, integrative multi-omics analysis of a near-isogenic line-23 (NIL-23, harboring Pup1) and its parental high-yielding rice variety was performed. The multi-omics analysis indicated adoption of multifaceted tolerance mechanisms, integrated nutrient acquisition/transport, hormone signaling, cell wall modification, metabolic modulations, and epigenetic modifications, controlled by Pup1 in NIL-23. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses highlighted up-regulation of genes/proteins involved in starch/sucrose/nucleotide-sugars metabolism, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, energy metabolism, and phytohormone signaling in NIL-23. As Pup1 does not carry many protein-coding genes, regulatory functions of the QTL through transcriptomic/epigenetic cascades (via key regulators like transcription factors, chromatin remodelers, and epigenetic factors) modulate gene expression on P-starvation. These affect crucial processes like adaptive changes in plant’s morphology, nutrient acquisition, and metabolic reprogramming in NIL-23. The present study provides a better understanding on Pup1-mediated regulatory complex for resilience to nutrient/phosphorus deficiency, which might help improving P utilization efficiency of crop plants for enhanced productivity in P-scarce soils.

磷(P)是各种生理/生化活动的重要常量营养素，如通过呼吸/光合作用产生ATP、碳水化合物代谢、核酸/膜合成、细胞内信号传导和酶的功能。为了应对磷饥饿/缺乏，植物通过调节基因表达来调节代谢/信号通路。对于磷稳态，代谢活动通过转录以及转录后/翻译后调节重新定向，以整合生理生化、（epi）基因组、蛋白质组学和代谢组学过程。尽管对植物缺磷/缺磷反应的了解有所进展，但植物抗低磷胁迫的基因/调控过程仍然是一个谜。为了揭示Pup1 QTL在水稻缺磷过程中的基因通路和调控作用，对一个近等基因系23 （nil23，携带Pup1）及其亲本高产水稻品种进行了综合多组学分析。多组学分析表明，NIL-23的多种耐受机制，包括营养获取/转运、激素信号、细胞壁修饰、代谢调节和表观遗传修饰，均由Pup1控制。转录组学和蛋白质组学分析强调了NIL-23中参与淀粉/蔗糖/核苷酸-糖代谢、次生代谢物生物合成、能量代谢和植物激素信号传导的基因/蛋白质的上调。由于Pup1不携带许多蛋白质编码基因，QTL通过转录组/表观遗传级联（通过转录因子、染色质重塑因子和表观遗传因子等关键调节因子）调节p -饥饿的基因表达。这些影响了植物形态的适应性变化、营养获取和NIL-23的代谢重编程等关键过程。本研究为进一步了解pup1介导的养分/磷缺乏弹性调控复合体提供了理论依据，有助于提高作物对磷的利用效率，提高缺磷土壤的生产力。

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引用次数: 0

Phenotypic evaluation of worldwide germplasm of arugula (Eruca sativa Mill.) and identification of underlying latent factors contributing to phenotypic variation under indoor farming conditions 室内栽培条件下世界范围内芝麻菜种质的表型评价及引起表型变异的潜在因素鉴定

IF 4.5 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current Plant Biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100528

Seam Choon Law , Ting Xiang Neik , Ethan Tze Cherng Lim , Adrian Ming Jern Lee , Yi Lin Lim , Wan Zu Tang , Shuang Song , Pei-Wen Ong , Sin Joe Ng , Fook Tim Chew

Eruca sativa (arugula) is often consumed fresh in regions where raw salads are a dietary staple. Studies investigating the phenotypic diversity of E. sativa have been reported in the past differentiating them by gene pools according to geographical origins. We expanded the scope of analysis to include deep phenotypes, and the diversity of germplasm. Furthermore, there is no report of such crop being evaluated in a large scale under indoor farming conditions. In this study, 185 accessions were subjected to phenotypic evaluation across 68 phenotypic traits. High-throughput phenotyping machines and image processing platforms employed were efficient to measure vegetative yield-, hyperspectral-, and plant architecture-related traits of E. sativa. Wide phenotypic variations were evidenced in the collection and significant differences were observed between accessions in majority of the traits evaluated. The population genetic structure divided the germplasm collection into three major continental clusters (Asia, Africa, and Europe). In addition, the three major continental clusters also showed significant differences in the tendency to flower early, vegetative leafy plant yield, plant height, vegetative index, hairiness and leaf blade color. Factor analysis revealed nine underlying latent factors contributing approximately 70 % of the total phenotypic variations, with each potentially enhancing crop’s productivity and quality. Based on desirable agronomic traits that are suitable for controlled environment agriculture (CEA), bivariate analysis was conducted using four latent factors (Total yield-, plant height-, post-harvest-, and flowering-related). Subsequently, three ideal accessions (ERU12, PI 178901, and PI 251491) were highlighted as high-yielding, short, long shelf-life crops for potential future plant breeding and genetic improvement.

在以生沙拉为主食的地区，芝麻菜通常是新鲜食用的。在过去的研究中，已经报道了苜蓿的表型多样性，并根据地理来源通过基因库进行了区分。我们扩大了分析的范围，包括深层表型和种质多样性。此外，还没有在室内耕作条件下对这种作物进行大规模评价的报告。在本研究中，185份材料进行了68个表型性状的表型评价。采用高通量表型机和图像处理平台有效地测量了sativa的营养产量、高光谱和植物结构相关性状。广泛的表型差异在收集中被证明，并且在大多数被评估的性状中观察到显著差异。种群遗传结构将种质资源集合划分为三个主要的大陆群（亚洲、非洲和欧洲）。此外，3个主要大陆集群在早花倾向、营养叶产量、株高、营养指数、毛羽和叶片颜色等方面也存在显著差异。因子分析显示，9个潜在因子贡献了约70% %的总表型变异，每个因子都可能提高作物的生产力和质量。以适宜控制环境农业（CEA）的理想农艺性状为基础，利用4个潜在因子（总产量、株高、采收后和开花相关）进行双变量分析。结果表明，ERU12、PI 178901和PI 251491是高产、短、长保质期的理想作物，具有潜在的育种和遗传改良潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Preliminary phytotoxicological screening of personal protective equipment leachates: Species-specific root growth responses in early plant stages 个人防护装备渗滤液的初步植物毒理学筛选：植物早期特定物种的根系生长反应

IF 5.4 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current Plant Biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100516

Enikő Mészáros , Márton Szabó , Kamilla Kovács , Etelka Kovács , Klaudia Hoffmann , Katalin Perei , Attila Bodor , Gábor Feigl

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the widespread use of single-use personal protective equipment (PPE), such as masks and gloves, led to their increasing appearance in natural environments. These items continue to be detected in plastic pollution surveys, raising concerns about their ecological impacts, as PPE waste can release smaller plastic fragments and hazardous compounds during degradation. This study examines the effects of polypropylene mask, latex, and nitrile glove leachates on early root development in 12 species of crops, including legumes, crucifers, monocots, and other dicots. Leachates were chemically characterized using humification indices and plastic aging was assessed via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results revealed species-specific phytotoxic responses. Crimson clover showed strong sensitivity to all leachates, with reduced germination, germination index, and root elongation. Among the crucifers, radish was inhibited, while white mustard and cress exhibited root stimulation under certain treatments. Buckwheat showed high sensitivity to latex leachates, while flax showed variable responses. Monocots generally tolerated PPE leachates, rice showed minimal response, and sorghum showed growth stimulation. These differences probably reflect species-specific physiological traits and the composition of the leachates. The use of multiple plant species also highlights contrasting sensitivity profiles that are not apparent in single-species tests. This preliminary screening demonstrates that PPE-derived leachates can alter early plant development in a species-dependent manner. The findings underscore the ecological risks posed by PPE waste and support the need for further studies on the environmental impact of pandemic-related plastic pollution.

在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间，口罩和手套等一次性个人防护装备的广泛使用导致它们越来越多地出现在自然环境中。在塑料污染调查中不断发现这些物品，引起了人们对其生态影响的担忧，因为个人防护用品废物在降解过程中会释放出较小的塑料碎片和有害化合物。本研究考察了聚丙烯面罩、乳胶和丁腈手套渗滤液对12种作物早期根系发育的影响，包括豆科植物、十字花科植物、单子叶植物和其他双科植物。利用腐殖化指数对渗滤液进行化学表征，利用傅里叶变换红外光谱对渗滤液进行塑料老化评价。结果显示了物种特异性的植物毒性反应。深红色三叶草对所有渗滤液均表现出较强的敏感性，其发芽率、发芽指数和根系伸长均降低。十字花科植物中，萝卜在一定处理下对根系有抑制作用，白芥和芥蓝对根系有刺激作用。荞麦对乳胶浸出液表现出较高的敏感性，而亚麻则表现出不同的敏感性。单子房对PPE渗滤液一般耐受，水稻对PPE渗滤液反应最小，高粱对PPE渗滤液有刺激作用。这些差异可能反映了物种特有的生理特征和渗滤液的组成。多种植物的使用也突出了在单物种试验中不明显的敏感性对比。这一初步筛选表明，ppe衍生的渗滤液可以以物种依赖的方式改变植物的早期发育。研究结果强调了个人防护用品废弃物造成的生态风险，并支持有必要进一步研究与大流行有关的塑料污染对环境的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Improving EfficientNet_b0 for distinguishing rice from different origins: A deep learning method for geographical traceability in precision agriculture 改进用于区分不同产地水稻的EfficientNet_b0：精准农业中地理可追溯性的深度学习方法

IF 5.4 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current Plant Biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100501

Helong Yu , Zhenyang Chen , Xiaoyan Liu , Shaozhong Song , Mojun Chen

Rice is one of the important crops for food supply, and there are multiple differences in the quality of rice grown in different geographic environments, which have an important impact on subsequent yield, economic efficiency, and food processing. Most of the current computer vision-based rice kernel classification focuses only on different varieties. In this study, we propose a method based on deep learning and image processing to recognize rice from different origins. First, Ji-Japonica 830 rice was collected from ten different regions, and a total of 30,000 images were obtained through image segmentation and data enhancement to participate in the training and testing of the model. Four lightweight networks and four classical networks were compared and tested in the pre-training phase, where EfficientNet_b0 obtained the highest accuracy of 93.38 %, and then EfficientNet_b0 was improved by introducing a dynamic adjustment strategy for the learning rate, removing the Dropout layer, and introducing a grouped convolution, which resulted in 96.80 % accuracy. The experimental results show that the method performs well in terms of classification accuracy, parameters, time, and robustness, and can effectively distinguish rice kernels from different geographic environments.

水稻是重要的粮食供应作物之一，不同地理环境下种植的水稻品质存在多重差异，这对后续产量、经济效益和食品加工都有重要影响。目前大多数基于计算机视觉的水稻籽粒分类只关注不同品种。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种基于深度学习和图像处理的方法来识别不同产地的大米。首先，采集10个不同地区的Ji-Japonica 830水稻，通过图像分割和数据增强，共获得3万张图像，参与模型的训练和测试。在预训练阶段对四种轻量级网络和四种经典网络进行了比较和测试，其中效率net_b0的准确率最高，达到93.38 %，然后通过引入学习率动态调整策略、去除Dropout层、引入分组卷积对效率net_b0进行了改进，准确率达到96.80 %。实验结果表明，该方法在分类精度、参数、时间和鲁棒性等方面都有较好的表现，能够有效区分不同地理环境下的米粒。

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引用次数: 0

Decoding stress specific transcriptional regulation by causality aware Graph-Transformer deep learning 通过因果关系感知Graph-Transformer深度学习解码压力特定转录调节

IF 4.5 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current Plant Biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100521

Umesh Bhati , Akanksha Sharma , Sagar Gupta , Anchit Kumar , Upendra Kumar Pradhan , Ravi Shankar

Cells respond to environmental stimuli through transcriptional reprogramming orchestrated by transcription factors (TFs) which interpret cis-regulatory DNA sequences to determine the timing and locations of gene expression. The diversification of TFs and their interactions with cis-regulatory elements (CREs) underpins plant adaptation to stress through the formation of gene regulatory networks (GRNs). However, deciphering condition-specific GRNs through selective TF bindings for spatio-temporal gene expression remains major challenge in plant biology. To decipher that the present study brings forward a novel computational framework designed to reason about the spatio-temporal dynamics of TF interaction. Leveraging over ∼23TB of multi-omics data (ChIP-seq, RNA-seq, and protein-protein interaction), a system of Bayesian causal networks was raised. It is capable of explaining TF’s conditional bindings across diverse conditions for Arabidopsis. These networks, validated against extensive experimental data, became input to a Graph Transformer deep learning system. Models were developed for 110 abiotic stress-related TFs, enabling accurate condition-specific detection of TF binding directly from RNA-seq data, bypassing the need for separate ChIP-seq experiments. The approach, CTF-BIND achieved a high average accuracy of ∼93 % when tested against a large volume of experimentally established data from various conditions. It is implemented as an interactive, open-access web server and database which captures dynamic shifts in regulatory pathways. CTF-BIND revolutionizes TF condition-specific binding identification with deep-learning, offering a cost-effective alternative to ChIP-seq. It is expected to accelerate the research towards crop improvement strategies. CTF-BIND is freely available as a web server at https://hichicob.ihbt.res.in/ctfbind/.

细胞通过转录因子（tf）的转录重编程来响应环境刺激，转录因子解释顺式调控DNA序列，以确定基因表达的时间和位置。TFs的多样化及其与顺式调控元件（CREs）的相互作用是植物通过形成基因调控网络（grn）来适应逆境的基础。然而，通过选择性TF结合时空基因表达来破译条件特异性grn仍然是植物生物学的主要挑战。为了解释这一点，本研究提出了一个新的计算框架，旨在解释TF相互作用的时空动态。利用超过23TB的多组学数据（ChIP-seq、RNA-seq和蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用），建立了一个贝叶斯因果网络系统。它能够解释TF在不同条件下对拟南芥的条件结合。这些网络经过大量实验数据的验证，成为Graph Transformer深度学习系统的输入。为110种非生物应激相关TF建立了模型，可以直接从RNA-seq数据中准确检测TF结合的条件特异性，而无需单独的ChIP-seq实验。该方法，CTF-BIND在针对来自各种条件的大量实验建立的数据进行测试时，达到了~ 93 %的高平均精度。它是作为一个交互式的、开放访问的web服务器和数据库来实现的，它可以捕捉监管途径中的动态变化。CTF-BIND通过深度学习彻底改变了TF条件特异性结合识别，为ChIP-seq提供了经济有效的替代方案。它有望加速作物改良策略的研究。CTF-BIND作为web服务器可在https://hichicob.ihbt.res.in/ctfbind/免费获得。

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引用次数: 0

Tissue infiltration of polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene microplastics in Solanum tuberosum L. influences plant growth and yield 聚乙烯、聚丙烯和聚苯乙烯微塑料对龙葵生长和产量的影响

IF 5.4 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current Plant Biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100496

Zonaira Qaiser , Noreen Khalid , Adeel Mahmood , Shiou Yih Lee , Zarrin Fatima Rizvi , Muhammad Kashif Irshad , Ujala Ejaz , Muhammad Aqeel

This study was carried out to evaluate the interaction between terrestrial food crop plants and microplastics (MPs) with a focus on understanding their uptake, effects on growth, physiological, biochemical, and yield characteristics of two different cultivars of Solanum tuberosum L. i.e., Variety-1, Astrix (AL-4) and Variety-2, Harmes (WA-4). Polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), and polypropylene (PP) spheres of size 5 μm were applied to the soil at concentrations of 0 %, 1 %, and 5 %. Morphological parameters, including seed germination rate, shoot and root lengths, leaf area, and fresh and dry biomass of plants, got reduced significantly with the increase in MP concentration. PS MPs caused the most negative impact, particularly at 5 %, leading to the greatest decline in growth and Na, Mg, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Mn nutrient content. The highest DPPH scavenging activity was observed in the 5 % PS MPs treatment with approximately a 45.34 % increase from the control, indicating its potential to enhance antioxidant activity in response to stress caused by PS MPs. Both reducing and non-reducing sugar contents and total proteins were also decreased significantly. Vitamin C content exhibited a significant increase in response to MPs, with the highest levels recorded under 5 % PS MPs treatments. This suggests an adaptive antioxidant response to mitigate oxidative damage induced by MPs. SEM analysis revealed tissue infiltration of MP particles in shoots, leaves, and tubers of both varieties. Among MPs, PS had the most detrimental effects, followed by PP and PE, with higher concentrations increasing the negative impact.

以陆地粮食作物植物与微塑料（MPs）的相互作用为研究对象，研究了2个不同品种龙茄（Solanum tuberosum L.）品种1 Astrix （AL-4）和品种2 Harmes （va -4）对微塑料的吸收、对生长、生理生化和产量特性的影响。粒径为5 μm的聚乙烯（PE）、聚苯乙烯（PS）和聚丙烯（PP）球在土壤中的浓度分别为0 %、1 %和5 %。随着MP浓度的增加，植物的种子发芽率、茎长和根长、叶面积、鲜生物量和干生物量等形态参数显著降低。PS MPs的负面影响最大，特别是在5 %时，导致生长和Na、Mg、Zn、Cu、Ni和Mn养分含量下降最大。在5 % PS MPs处理中观察到最高的DPPH清除活性，比对照增加约45.34 %，表明其有可能增强抗氧化活性，以应对PS MPs引起的应激。还原糖和非还原糖含量及总蛋白含量均显著降低。维生素C含量对MPs的响应显著增加，在5 % PS MPs处理下达到最高水平。这表明一种适应性抗氧化反应可以减轻MPs引起的氧化损伤。扫描电镜分析显示，两个品种的芽、叶和块茎中都有MP颗粒的组织浸润。在MPs中，PS的危害最大，其次是PP和PE，浓度越高，负面影响越大。

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引用次数: 0

Transcription factors participate in methyl jasmonate-induced diterpenoid biosynthesis in Andrographis paniculata 转录因子参与茉莉酸甲酯诱导穿心莲二萜类生物合成

IF 4.5 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current Plant Biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100530

Yuan Li , Yue Shi , Yong Fan , Guangxi Ren , Dan Jiang , Kuangwei Cao , Yaogong Zhang , Zhengyan Li , Da Li , Chunsheng Liu

Andrographis paniculata is renowned for its wide range of pharmaceutical properties, largely owing to the presence of bioactive diterpenoids. However, the mechanism of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) -induced diterpenoid biosynthesis in A. paniculata remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that the MeJA-induced accumulation of diterpenoids was attributed to the increased expression of genes involved in diterpenoid biosynthetic pathways. Transient overexpression and Y1H assays revealed that ApMYC2, ApbZIP46, and ApWRKY33 were positive regulators that promoted the accumulation of diterpenoids by directly binding to the promoters of the downstream target gene ApUGT76E1. Thus, ApMYC2, ApbZIP46, and ApWRKY33 may be involved in the regulation of the diterpenoid biosynthesis pathway in A. paniculata. Overall, this research lays the groundwork for elucidating the molecular mechanism by which MYCs, bZIPs and WRKYs regulate the accumulation of diterpenoids in A. paniculata under MeJA induction. Our results provide a theoretical basis for the molecular breeding and quality improvement of A. paniculata in the future.

穿心莲以其广泛的药用特性而闻名，这主要是由于其生物活性二萜的存在。然而，茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA）诱导的甲草二萜类生物合成机制尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们发现meja诱导的二萜积累归因于参与二萜生物合成途径的基因表达增加。瞬时过表达和Y1H实验显示，ApMYC2、ApbZIP46和ApWRKY33是正向调节因子，通过直接结合下游靶基因ApUGT76E1的启动子促进二萜的积累。因此，ApMYC2、ApbZIP46和ApWRKY33可能参与了金针桃二萜类生物合成途径的调控。综上所述，本研究为阐明MYCs、bZIPs和WRKYs在MeJA诱导下调控金穗二萜类物质积累的分子机制奠定了基础。本研究结果为今后金银花的分子育种和品质改良提供了理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Drought mitigation in plants through root exudate-mediated rhizosphere interactions: Opportunities for future research 通过根分泌物介导的根际相互作用缓解植物干旱：未来研究的机会

IF 5.4 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current Plant Biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100504

Salam Suresh Singh, Ngangbam Somen Singh, Emilynruwaka Lamare, Ningthoujam Ranjana Devi, Shadokpam Anjali Devi, Remei Kaguijenliu, Biki Takum, Keshav Kumar Upadhyay, Shri Kant Tripathi

Drought is among the most significant environmental factors that frequently limits the growth and productivity of terrestrial plants, making them susceptible to various diseases and resulting in the death of many species each year. Because the plants could not relocate to avoid environmental stresses (i.e., drought, cold temperatures, and high salinity), they developed specific adaptive mechanisms at the root-soil interface to cope with these stresses, especially drought. For instance, under drought conditions, plants change the composition of root exudates by increasing the concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA). This hormone is transported through the xylem transport system to plant leaves, signalling the leaf stomata to regulate stomatal activity. It reduces water loss in plants and enhances their resistance to drought conditions. This review examines the role of soil-root-microbe interactions under drought stress and highlights how this interaction influences nutrient cycling, osmotic pressure adjustment, signalling pathways, and microbial recruitment to enhance plant resilience under drought stress. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which root exudates enhance plant resilience through nitrogen and phosphorus cycling, detoxification of aluminium toxicity, and regulation of stomatal activity are discussed. Understanding these processes and mechanisms provides new insights into developing sustainable forest and agricultural management practices that enhance plant productivity under drought conditions by increasing their resilience in a changing environment.

干旱是最重要的环境因素之一，经常限制陆生植物的生长和生产力，使它们容易受到各种疾病的影响，并导致每年许多物种死亡。由于植物不能迁移以避免环境胁迫（如干旱、低温和高盐度），因此它们在根-土壤界面发展了特定的适应机制来应对这些胁迫，特别是干旱。例如，在干旱条件下，植物通过增加脱落酸（ABA）的浓度来改变根分泌物的组成。这种激素通过木质部运输系统输送到植物叶片，向叶片气孔发出信号，调节气孔活动。它减少了植物的水分流失，增强了它们对干旱条件的抵抗力。本文综述了干旱胁迫下土壤-根-微生物相互作用的作用，并强调了这种相互作用如何影响养分循环、渗透压调节、信号通路和微生物招募，以增强植物在干旱胁迫下的抗逆性。此外，还讨论了根系分泌物通过氮磷循环、铝毒解毒和调节气孔活性等途径增强植物抗逆性的机制。了解这些过程和机制为制定可持续森林和农业管理实践提供了新的见解，这些实践可通过提高植物在不断变化的环境中的适应能力来提高干旱条件下的植物生产力。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing Soursop leaf disease classification with a lightweight ensemble model and explainable AI 基于轻量级集成模型和可解释人工智能优化刺蒺藜叶病分类

IF 4.5 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current Plant Biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100526

Sumaya Mustofa, Shahrin Khan, Shahriar Ahmed Shovo, Yousuf Rayhan Emon, Md. Sadekur Rahman

Traditional deep-learning methods to detect plant leaf disease can be complex and time-consuming if image numbers and size increase. Moreover, complex deep learning networks take longer and require larger memory to produce results. However, feature extraction methods provide some advantages in such a scenario. Using heavy-weighted models to enhance accuracy without considering the long execution time is a drawback of research. A weighted model increases the time and space complexity of an experiment. Considering the mentioned limitations, this study proposes a lightweight model experimenting with six deep feature extraction models, five feature selection models, and four machine learning classifiers. During the experiment, a soft voting ensemble classifier was developed to remove a single classifier's limitations and the unstable performance of the standalone classifiers. After a rigorous experiment, the (ResNet101 – RFE – Ensemble Classifier) together formed the best performer Soursop Ensemble (S-Ensemble) model that obtained a test accuracy of 99.6 % with an execution time of 648.05 s, outperforming other models. The whole experimental analysis was performed on a primary Soursop leaf disease dataset with six classes containing 3838 images. Finally, the Explainable AI (XAI) model Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME) is used to interpret the reasons behind the best-performer and lowest-performer models' performance. LIME visually highlights which leaf regions influence each prediction, helping users understand model behaviour and enhancing its practical usability in real-world agricultural settings. This research aims to assist farmers with detecting Soursop leaf disease with less execution time and offer researchers an in-depth preview of deep feature-based detection and classification technology to detect and classify diseases within a short training time.

当图像数量和大小增加时，传统的深度学习方法检测植物叶片病害可能会变得复杂且耗时。此外，复杂的深度学习网络需要更长的时间和更大的内存才能产生结果。然而，特征提取方法在这种情况下提供了一些优势。使用重权重模型来提高准确性而不考虑较长的执行时间是研究的一个缺点。加权模型增加了实验的时间和空间复杂性。考虑到上述局限性，本研究提出了一个轻量级模型，实验了6个深度特征提取模型、5个特征选择模型和4个机器学习分类器。在实验中，开发了一种软投票集成分类器，以消除单个分类器的局限性和独立分类器的不稳定性能。经过严格的实验，（ResNet101 - RFE -Ensemble Classifier）共同形成了性能最好的Soursop Ensemble （s -Ensemble）模型，其测试准确率为99.6 %，执行时间为648.05 s，优于其他模型。整个实验分析是在一个包含6个类3838张图像的刺蒺藜叶病初级数据集上进行的。最后，可解释AI （XAI）模型局部可解释模型不可知解释（LIME）用于解释性能最佳和性能最差模型性能背后的原因。LIME在视觉上突出显示了哪些叶片区域影响每个预测，帮助用户理解模型行为，并增强其在现实农业环境中的实际可用性。本研究旨在帮助农民以更少的执行时间检测番荔枝叶病，并为研究人员提供深度预览基于深度特征的检测分类技术，在较短的培训时间内检测和分类疾病。

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