International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences最新文献

Background

The stereotype of having prostate cancer (PCa) and possible impairment in sexuality may lead to a deterioration of the mental health of patients with PCa. However, there is paucity of data on the psychological wellbeing and coping strategies of unmarried men with PCa in Ghana. We explored the psychological wellbeing and coping strategies of unmarried men with PCA in the Accra Metropolis of Ghana.

Methods

In this qualitative study, we recruited ten (10) unmarried men as participants and interviewed them using a semi-structured interview guide. Data collection and analysis were done concurrently using thematic content analysis techniques with the aid of Nvivo 10. Ethics approval was obtained from the Ethics Review Committee of the 37 Military Hospital.

Results

The findings revealed psychological symptoms of anxiety, depression, distress and suicidal ideation were exhibited by participants. Worries about treatment and recurrence of symptom as well as erectile dysfunction caused anxiety among participants. Some participants were depressed as a result of frequent urinary retention, severe pains and having to deal with an indwelling catheter whereas others associated their depression with cost of treatment and erectile dysfunction. The participants employed diverse strategies of coping with their condition. Subsequently, three sub-themes of coping were identified; lifestyle modification, social contact, and acceptance.

Conclusion

Unmarried men with PCa have devastating effect on their psychological wellbeing and harbor suicidal ideations. We recommend psychological management of unmarried men with PCa.

Background

Diarrhea is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among under-five children, including Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of diarrhea morbidity among under-five children in the west Shewa zone.

Methods

The community-based cross-sectional study was conducted using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The study was conducted among 1004 study participants with under five children. The relation of covariates and diarrheal disease was checked using logistic regression at 95 %CI, where variables with p < 0.05 were statistically significant.

Results

The finding revealed that the two-week prevalence of diarrhea in the west Shewa zone was 18.7 %. Children living in Ambo [AOR = 0.492, 95 %CI (0.255, 0.948)], Dendi [AOR = 0.413, 95 %CI (0.222, 0.769)], Toke kutaye [AOR = 0.462, 95 %CI (0.240, 0.889)], Bako Tibe [AOR = 0.522, 95 %CI (0.275, 0.993)] were less likely affected by diarrhea. Feeding by cup and spoon [AOR = 0.656, 95 %CI (0.433, 0.995)] and feeding by bottle [AOR = 0.577, 95 %CI (0.362, 0.922)] were less likely affected by diarrhea. Using untreated water [AOR = 1.795, 95 %CI (1.184, 2.721)], complementary feeding before six months [AOR = 1.798, 95 %CI (1.261, 2.565)], improper waste disposal [AOR = 2.041, 95 %CI (1.394, 2.989)], unvaccinated for rotavirus [AOR = 1.990, 95 %CI (1.162, 3.410)] were more likely develop diarrhea.

Conclusion

Our study identified that one in five under-five children was affected by diarrheal morbidity. It was determined by the woreda of respondents, drinking water, child feeding method, complementary feeding initiation time, waste disposal, and rotavirus vaccination. All concerned bodies should intervene based on the cause of the disease.

Background

Cancer is a chronic, life-threatening disease that causes depression, stigma, and economic cost in developing countries and most common mental problem among cancer patients on chemotherapy.

Objectives

To assess the prevalence and factors associated with depression among cancer patients attending chemotherapy at JUMC.

Methods

An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A simple random sampling method was used to select 300 participants and they were interviewed from March 01 to April 01, 2022. Data was collected by using a pretested questionnaire and patient card review. The collected data were coded and entered into Epi Data Manager 4.6 and SPSS version 26 was used for analysis. Those variables with a p-value of 0.25 were candidates for multivariable logistic regressions with a p-value of 0.05, and the association was finally determined by a 95% confidence interval.

Result

The prevalence of depression was 170 (56.6 %), (95 % CI = 50.92, 62.28). Patients who live in urban (AOR = 0.47, 95 % CI: 0.29, 0.78), chewing khat (AOR = 2, 95 %CI: 1.17, 3.53), patients on their first chemotherapy (AOR = 2.8, 95 %CI: 1.17, 6.64), on the second chemotherapy cycles (AOR = 3.51, 95 %CI: 1.57, 7.60), and duration starting chemotherapy for 1–3 months (AOR = 0.36, 95 %CI: 0.18, 0.72) were significantly associated with depression.

Conclusion and Recommendation

According to the findings of this study, depression was highly prevalent among patients on chemotherapy so Jimma Medical Centre should give awareness creation and health education about cancer for the rural community, risks of chewing khat, chemotherapy treatment, and duration of starting chemotherapy.

Background

In a growing multicultural society like Ghana, the cultural competence (CC) of nurses is imperative. Despite the importance of CC within the healthcare environment, factors that hinder nurses’ ability to render culturally competent care (CCC) to patients in the clinical unit have not been adequately explored.

Purpose

To examine the barriers nurses encounter in the delivery of CCC across two regions of Ghana.

Methods

From October to December 2022, an institutional-based cross-sectional study in eight hospitals involving nurses was conducted in the Western and Ashanti regions. A probability sampling method was employed to select 759 participants. Data was entered into a spreadsheet and exported to S.P.S.S version 23. Binary and multivariable logistic regressions were used to establish the associations between dependent and independent variables. The odds ratio with a 95 % confidence interval was computed. Outcome variables with a P-value < 0.05 were deemed statistically significant.

Results

The majority of the respondents were females (61.4 %; n = 466). The three-factor structure of the instrument was validated using an exploratory factor analysis. The study revealed that barriers that hindered nurses were the lack of CCC policies (β = 0.150, 95 % CI = 0.120, 0.180), nurse staffing-related factors (β = 0.120, 95 %; CI = 0.090, 0.150), and the lack of training related factors (β = 0.084, 95 % CI = 0.054, 0.114). Nurses’ age, marital status, and experience were significant at a p-value of < 0.05.

Conclusion

The lack of culturally appropriate policies, lack of training-related factors, and nurse staffing-related challenges hindered respondents’ efforts to render CCC. Interventions aimed at improving CCC should target these barriers.

Background

The genetic condition of oculocutaneous albinism is disproportionately present in Africa. Little research has addressed the experiences of mothers impacted by albinism, even though they are more likely to be impacted by human rights violations.

Methods

A qualitative study was designed to examine the resilience of mothers affected by albinism in South Africa. Virtual and in-person fieldwork was conducted with the facilitation of community-based researchers and local cultural liaisons.

Findings

Giving birth to a child with albinism in South Africa, as in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa, was a life-defining moment for mothers and their families, setting them on a trajectory of health-related stigma, gender inequalities, reduced access to social determinants of health, and other human rights violations. Mothers engaged in sense-making processes shaped by the responses of birth attendants and families, and that reflected social discourses. Their resilience was impacted by access to health teaching, genetic counselling, and health and social services, which were often incomplete or absent all together. Civil society organizations, peer groups, and faith communities were vital in filling these gaps.

Conclusions

The experience giving birth to a child with albinism was both the same and different compared to mothers forty years earlier. What varied was the digital availability of health information; progressive health and social policies and resourcing; and human rights instruments. These transformations point to best practices to support mothers’ resilience.

Background

Nurses have always been regarded as the backbone of the healthcare system, hence the need for a competent workforce in provision of quality care.

Purpose

To report on factors influencing clinical competence of new graduate nurses as perceived by operational managers and to make recommendations for the mitigation of those perceived factors.

Methods

An exploratory and descriptive qualitative research was conducted in specific public hospitals of the North West Province, South Africa. A purposive sampling technique was used to select operational managers from different nursing units. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were used for data collection during four focus group discussions and eight in-depth interviews. The six steps of thematic analysis were then used to analyse the transcribed data.

Results

The research participants described identified determinants that influence clinical competencies of new graduate nurses during the early years in their nursing careers. The identified factors were related to: 1) Nursing education and training system; 2) Health care system and institutional systems.

Conclusion

The study concluded that, it is imperative for nursing education and training as well as the health policy makers to take the responsibility of strengthening endorsements on clinical competence of new graduate nurses to improve on quality nursing care rendered in South Africa.

Implications for practice

Nursing Practice and Nursing Education and Training Directorates should begin to re-imagine innovative ways of integrating theory with practice in an effort to assist the new graduate nurses to fortify their clinical competence early in their professional voyage of rendering quality nursing care in South Africa.

Background

Perioperative nursing plays an important role in the success of any surgery. In Malawi, pre-service training is the only source of perioperative knowledge for nurses. In order to ensure that nurses are adequately prepared with perioperative knowledge and skills, an effective assessment of perioperative competence is required. The Perceived Perioperative Competence Scale-Revised (PPCS-R) is a scientifically developed and psychometrically validated tool for assessing perioperative nurses’ competence. Therefore, this study aimed to adapt and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Perioperative Competence Scale-Revised (PPCS-R) for use on undergraduate student nurses in Malawi.

Methods

The adaptation of the PPCS-R involved a review by a panel of experts for content validity followed by an evaluation of Psychometric properties through a confirmatory factor analysis. The confirmatory factor analysis evaluated the reliability coefficient and factor loading for the scale based on data from 100 former nursing students.

Results

Content analysis led to the exclusion of six items while twelve items were revised. The confirmatory Factor Analysis yielded 6 factors with Cronbach’s alpha ranging between 0.811 to 0.879.

Conclusion

The Malawian student version of the PPCS-R has good reliability, validity, and psychometric properties. This will enable nurse educators, preceptors, clinical nurses, and even student nurses to assess perioperative nursing competency for undergraduate student nurses in Malawi.

Introduction

Postpartum intra-uterine device use contributes to the happiness and health of women, children, and families who are of reproductive age. Out of the 210 million pregnancies that happen worldwide each year, about 80 million are unintended. Increasing postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device intention can help reduce unplanned pregnancies and the incidence of abortion.

Methods

a cross-sectional study was conducted in pregnant mother’s home from March to April 2022 to assess the intension to use PPIUCD and to identify factors. Through simple random selection, 482 pregnant women were surveyed using a pretested, structured questionnaire and in-person interviews. Four randomly selected Kebeles were involved in the study by using simple random sampling. The data was imported into Epi-data version 4.6.0.2 and then analysed using Stata version 14. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify associated factors.

Results

482 pregnant women have participated in the study, and 98.5 % of them responded. 13.7 % (95 % CI: 11.0–17.0) of the participants stated that they planned to use an intra-uterine devices after giving birth. The intention to use a postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device had a significant association with the participants' educational level (AOR = 4.69; 95 % CI: 1.31–16.81), moderate level (AOR = 3.77; 95 % CI: 1.90–7.50), high knowledge (AOR = 4.82; 95 % CI: 1.96–11.87), and favorable attitude (AOR = 7.26; 95 % CI: 3.39–15.52), according to the results of the multivariable analysis.

Conclusion

In Ethiopia, compared to earlier research, there was a decreased intention to use postpartum intrauterine contraceptive devices. Encouraging the use of postpartum intrauterine contraceptives for social and behavioural changes can be more effective.

Background

While much is known about aspects of the practice environment and its influence on staff outcomes and quality of education, less is known about creating positive practice environments in public nursing education institutions, especially in developing countries.

Aim

To describe the perceptions of the personnel of a public nursing education institution identified as having the most positive practice environment and nurse educator outcomes.

Design

A qualitative descriptive research design was used.

Methods

All-inclusive voluntary sampling was applied at one public nursing education institution in the Gauteng Province with the principal, vice-principal, heads of departments (N = 11; n = 6), nurse educators (N = 93; n = 17), and administrative staff (N = 42; n = 11). Semi-structured individual and focus group interviews were conducted and inductive thematic analysis was used. Data was collected from November 2019 until March 2020.

Results

Personnel indicated interpersonal relationships, effective communication and enhancing team dynamics as the main theme of the study, with seven specific sub-themes as raised by managers, nurse educators and administrative staff.

Conclusion

Interpersonal relationships, communication and enhancing team dynamics is the main drive for a positive practice environment. The most significant responsibility in creating such an environment is the managers' ability to lead and support personnel. In addition to intentionally fostering collegial and collaborative relationships, managers need to be approachable. In addition to upholding fundamental human rights values and fostering active participation in decision-making, managers should exercise sensitive leadership. and encourage staff wellness support measures.

Twitter abstract

Interpersonal relationships, effective communication and enhancing team dynamics are the most crucial tactics for promoting positive practice environments at public nursing education institutions in a province of South Africa.

Background

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusion